EP3070231A1 - Semelle interchangeable comprenant un connecteur a fiches - Google Patents

Semelle interchangeable comprenant un connecteur a fiches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3070231A1
EP3070231A1 EP16160985.4A EP16160985A EP3070231A1 EP 3070231 A1 EP3070231 A1 EP 3070231A1 EP 16160985 A EP16160985 A EP 16160985A EP 3070231 A1 EP3070231 A1 EP 3070231A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connector
laying
unit
structures
underground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16160985.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP3070231B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Pekovsek
Gottfried Steiner
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Weitzer Holding GmbH
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Weitzer Holding GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3070231A1 publication Critical patent/EP3070231A1/fr
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Publication of EP3070231B1 publication Critical patent/EP3070231B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/1045—Treads composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/22—Resiliently-mounted floors, e.g. sprung floors
    • E04F15/225—Shock absorber members therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/002—Ramps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/108—Treads of wood or with an upper layer of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/072—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0866—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels or layered panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0885—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements specially adapted for being adhesively fixed to the wall; Fastening means therefor; Fixing by means of plastics materials hardening after application
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/10—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of wood or with an outer layer of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02044—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02133—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements fixed directly to an underlayer by means of magnets, hook and loop-type or similar fasteners, not necessarily involving the side faces of the flooring elements
    • E04F15/02138—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements fixed directly to an underlayer by means of magnets, hook and loop-type or similar fasteners, not necessarily involving the side faces of the flooring elements by hook and loop-type fasteners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/0215—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements specially adapted for being adhesively fixed to an underlayer; Fastening means therefor; Fixing by means of plastics materials hardening after application
    • E04F15/02155—Adhesive means specially adapted therefor, e.g. adhesive foils or strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02194—Flooring consisting of a number of elements carried by a non-rollable common support plate or grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/024—Sectional false floors, e.g. computer floors
    • E04F15/02405—Floor panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E04F15/041—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members with a top layer of wood in combination with a lower layer of other material
    • E04F15/042—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members with a top layer of wood in combination with a lower layer of other material the lower layer being of fibrous or chipped material, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/08—Joining sheets or plates or panels hook and loop-type fastener or similar fixing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/09—Puzzle-type connections for interlocking male and female panel edge-parts
    • E04F2201/095—Puzzle-type connections for interlocking male and female panel edge-parts with both connection parts, i.e. male and female connection parts alternating on one edge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/02—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an underground laying unit, a surface laying unit, a functional structure laying unit, a change covering and a method for covering a substrate with a removable covering.
  • Parquet and other conventional panels as floor or wall coverings are relatively expensive to install. The renovation or replacement of such floor or wall coverings requires a lot of time and money.
  • WO 2012/156192 discloses a surface laying unit for laying with other surface laying units on a substrate, wherein the surface laying unit has a wear layer and a directly attached to a bottom of the wear layer connecting structure, which is adapted for connection to the ground.
  • an underground laying unit for laying with other, in particular similar, underground laying units for covering a substrate, wherein the underground laying unit has a base-side fastening structure, which is designed for fastening to the substrate, and a plug connection structure facing away from the substrate for detachable plug-in connection, in particular with the formation of a snap-in plug connection, with a correspondingly formed plug connection structure of a surface laying unit which has a useful structure.
  • a surface laying unit for laying with other, in particular similar, surface laying units on underground laying units, in particular on underground laying units having the features described above is provided for forming a removable covering, wherein the surface laying unit is a Nutz Scheme for forming an exposed outer surface of the removable covering , and a plug-in connection structure facing away from the utility structure for detachable plug-in connection, in particular with the formation of a snap-in plug connection, with a correspondingly designed plug connection structure of the underground laying units, which have an attachment structure on the base side.
  • a functional structure laying unit for arranging between an underground laying unit, in particular having the features described above, and a surface laying unit, in particular having the features described above, wherein the functional structure laying unit is a top-side plug connection structure which is used to form a top-side detachable plug connection , in particular with formation of a snap-in connector, is formed with a corresponding connector structure of the surface laying unit, a lower-side connector structure, which is formed for forming a lower-side releasable connector, in particular forming a snap-in connector with a corresponding connector structure of the underground laying unit, and a functional structure for providing an additional function in a change covering aufwei st, the educated is composed of the underground laying unit fixed to the ground, the surface laying unit exposed on an exposed upper side of the changing covering, and the functional structure interposed therebetween.
  • the functional structure laying unit is a top-side plug connection structure which is used to form a top-side detachable plug connection , in
  • a replacement covering for covering a substrate comprising a plurality of substructure laying units with the features described above, which are jointly provided for, in particular substantially gap-free, covering of the subsoil, and a plurality of surface laying units the features described above, which are for, in particular substantially gap-free, covering the subsoil covering underground laying units formed, wherein the connector structures of the underground laying units and the connector structures of the surface laying units are adapted to each other so that they form a releasable connector, in particular under training a snap-in connector, can be brought into male engagement with each other.
  • a method for covering a substrate with a removable covering wherein in the method fastening structures of a plurality of underground laying units are fastened to the substrate such that plug connection structures are exposed on an exposed surface of the laid underground laying units, and detachable plug connections,
  • fastening structures of a plurality of underground laying units are fastened to the substrate such that plug connection structures are exposed on an exposed surface of the laid underground laying units, and detachable plug connections.
  • a "surface laying unit” can be understood in particular as an underlay covering module whose wear layer is exposed or visible to the outside (possibly still covered with an optional protective coating, etc.) in a state laid on or above a substrate.
  • the laying of the surface laying unit can be done, for example, by means of a plug connection structure on the underside of the surface laying unit and by means of an associated plug connection structure at the top of the surface laying unit connected to the surface laying unit. It is also possible, as an alternative, to connect the surface laying unit directly to a substrate, in particular to a building substrate, for example directly (ie without any further components in between) on the underground laying unit.
  • the term surface laying unit is to be understood as meaning that it can be placed on any flat surface, for example a horizontal surface (in particular a floor, staircase or ceiling surface), an inclined surface (in particular a ramp) or a vertical surface (in particular a wall surface ) can be moved.
  • the wear layer or the surface laying unit can also be laid directly on a flat surface.
  • a "subsoil leveling unit” can be understood in particular as a subsoil leveling module which can be connected directly to a subfloor, in particular to a building subsoil, for example directly (ie without further components in between) on the subsoil.
  • This laying can take place, for example, by means of a fastening structure on the underside of the underground laying unit. The installation can be done on the floor, on stairs, on ceilings or on walls.
  • a "substrate” can be understood in particular as any (for example flat) surface that can be covered with a covering.
  • the underground can be a subsurface of a building (for Example, a building floor, a building ceiling or a building wall), ie an on-site background.
  • a staircase or stairs in particular horizontal and / or vertical surfaces of steps
  • the substrate for a surface laying unit may also be an underground laying unit, if an underground laying unit is to be interposed between an on-site substrate and a surface laying unit optionally, but advantageously.
  • the provision of an optional but advantageous underground laying unit develops particularly positive effects with the additional provision of a likewise optional but advantageously combinable functional layer.
  • a "useful structure” can be understood in particular to mean a surface layer on which or the actual mechanical and / or chemical and / or thermal stress takes place on the laid floor or wall covering.
  • the useful structure is that which, when laid, visibly shapes the design or appearance of the covering for a user. In parquet this is the layer that a user uses as a floor to walk on. For staircases, this is the layer that defines the treads.
  • an "upper side” of a layer or of an element can be understood to mean in particular such a main surface of this layer or of this element, which faces away from the substrate when the layer or element is laid as intended.
  • an "underside” of a layer or of an element may, in particular, be understood to mean such a main surface of this layer or of this element, which faces the substrate when this layer or element is laid as intended.
  • a "releasable plug-in connection" of two elements by means of two plug connection structures can be understood in particular to mean that after forming such a positive connection, it can be reversibly and non-destructively released by applying a release force.
  • a non-destructive loosening the two cooperating connector structures can be reused after release, in particular at least ten times reused, without the connection function suffers or is impaired.
  • the release of such a connection can be performed without the use of a tool by a user. For such a release, applying a release force of less than 100N may be sufficient. In order to avoid unwanted loosening of the installed surface, the release force should be more than 20 N. However, the forces can also have other sizes.
  • a change covering and its matched constituents (underground laying unit, surface laying unit and optionally functional structure laying unit) is provided, in which a simple, tool-free and non-destructive replacement of the outwardly appearing useful structure of the surface laying unit is made possible.
  • the term "compensatory capability” is understood to mean, in particular, the ability of the alternating covering to compensate for the occurrence of thermal stresses and other mechanical stresses in the interior of the alternating covering in interaction with the stresses that occur, compensating strains or deformations.
  • a lateral coupling that is, a coupling on longitudinal and / or front sides of the surface laying units may be dispensable, which further improves the manufacturing and assembly effort without loss of mechanical stability.
  • the attachment structure of the underground laying unit may be an adhesive structure or at least one in the Substrate have to be introduced fastener.
  • the adhesive structure for example, a double-sided adhesive sheet, a hot melt adhesive, etc. may be used to firmly and permanently fix the underground laying units to the ground.
  • fasteners such as screws, nails or rivets, anchoring of the underground laying units to the ground can be achieved.
  • the attachment structure of the underground laying unit may be formed as a body substantially covering the entire surface, in particular as a planar carrier layer.
  • a full-surface fastening of the underside of the underground laying units to the substrate unwanted detachment of the remaining even when changing surface laying units permanently on the ground subsurface laying is unnecessary.
  • the attachment structure can maintain a certain elasticity or flexibility, which also in thermal or other mechanical stresses on the ground or within the removable cover Reduction of such voltages allows without the stability of the connector between the constituents of the removable covering is affected.
  • the plug-in connection structure of the underground laying unit can have a plurality of plug-in connection elements which protrude in a raised manner in relation to the fastening structure.
  • plug-in connection elements protrude upward relative to the carrier layer, a positive connection with corresponding plug connection elements of the surface laying units is made possible.
  • plug connection elements which are provided as grooves, through holes or recesses in the attachment structure formed, for example, as a carrier layer.
  • the plug connection elements of the underground laying unit can have a particularly oval snap ring for forming a snap-in plug connection with corresponding leaf spring structures of the plug connection structure of the corresponding surface laying unit.
  • a snap body which is formed as a substantially rigid structure for forming a snap connection with leaf spring structures on the surface laying unit, makes it possible to form a stable plug-in connection, which is at the same time easily detachable.
  • Such a snap connection can also take place by a displacement of elements of the laying device taking place only in a main surface plane (and not perpendicularly thereto) of the underground laying unit or the surface laying unit, whereby the formation of the snap connection does not lead to an increase in the height of the removable covering.
  • the snap body can in particular as a snap ring, that is, material and weight saving to form an inner hole, or as a solid snap body, therefore particularly stable, are formed.
  • other types of snap connections are also possible according to other exemplary embodiments of the invention.
  • the plug-in connection elements of the underground laying unit can have positioning nubs, which can be arranged for compensating movement-enabling engagement in corresponding, in particular oval, guide ring structures of the plug connection structure of the corresponding surface laying unit.
  • the Positioniernoppen can be formed as punctiform or pin-shaped projections in grooves or through holes in the interior of Engage guide ring structures.
  • the positioning lugs may align the leaf spring structures with associated snap elements so that the snap body snaps securely into place regardless of deformation and / or movement within an extension plane of the subgrade laying unit.
  • the positioning nubs can align the leaf spring structures with associated snap elements so that the snap bodies engage securely in the area, regardless of any deformation / movement.
  • the underground laying unit may further comprise load-bearing structures, in particular load-receiving ribs which are arranged between the plug-in connection elements, protrude in a raised position relative to the fastening structure and are designed to receive mechanical loads acting on the underground laying unit.
  • load bearing structures may be formed in exposed surface areas of the substructure laying units, which load the load applied by the surface laying unit through the load bearing structures Introduce the substrate without stressing the connectors significantly or excessively mechanically.
  • the load-bearing structures are able to handle both static loads (for example, a piece of furniture permanently on a) Flooring formed changeover lining stands) as well as dynamic loads (for example, the footing of a user who goes over the floor covering formed as a change covering) record.
  • the snap ring may have a larger dimension in a first extension direction than in a second extension direction orthogonal thereto, wherein the snap ring is arranged along the first extension direction between two load receiving structures extending along the second extension direction, and wherein the snap ring along the second Extension direction is arranged between two positioning nubs.
  • the compensating movement may be allowed in a direction that is perpendicular to another direction along which the load receiving structures extend.
  • the plug-in connection structure of the underground laying unit can be formed as a grid, in particular two-dimensional, periodically repeating grid, in particular with a grid dimension in a range between 10 mm and 100 mm, of plug-in unit cells.
  • a grid structure can be provided with which, on the one hand, it is also possible to attach, for example, differently dimensioned or differently laid surface laying units, which also extends across the substrate installation unit. This increases the flexibility of a user in the assembly of built-up of any combinable modules change cover. At the same time, such a rastering leads to a homogeneous load distribution and to a uniform provision of a plug-in force resulting from the form and frictional connection.
  • the grid may be formed by an, in particular two-dimensional, alternating sequence of the plug-in unit cells, which extend alternately in a first orientation direction and in a second orientation direction orthogonal thereto.
  • an orientation of a plug-and-socket unit cell can initially take place in a first direction and subsequently in another (orthogonal to the first direction, for example) second direction.
  • the loads occurring can be better distributed to the different spatial directions.
  • a fastening effect can be improved by acting in different spatial directions plug connection forces.
  • a respective plug-in unit cell may be formed by an arrangement of snap ring, load bearing structures and positioning studs with the features described above.
  • this arrangement it is possible to achieve spatial anisotropy of the load-transfer properties or of the compensation movement properties in small dimensions, but a spatially isotropic characteristic on a large scale.
  • both the guide structures and the load-bearing structures can alternately extend in the longitudinal or transverse direction. Other angles between the alternating extension directions are possible.
  • the plug-in structure of the underground laying unit can have a plurality of plug-in connection elements which correspond to the characteristics of the plug-in connection elements which are described below the surface laying unit are described are formed.
  • the embodiments of the underground laying unit described so far can, for example, be combined with a planar carrier plate of the fastening structure, from which the said plug-in connection elements or load-bearing structures then rise vertically.
  • the aforementioned plug connection elements in particular snap bodies, positioning studs etc.
  • load receiving structures for example load receiving ribs
  • a flat support plate or the like may be unnecessary.
  • a planar support plate with the above-described plug connection elements (snap body, Positioniernoppen) or load receiving structures (in particular load receiving ribs) on a flat support plate or the like may be provided on the side of the surface laying unit, in which case the below-described and preferably to be integrated in a frame structure connector elements or Load bearing structures can be formed as part of the underground laying unit.
  • the underground laying unit and / or the surface laying unit may be formed as a cast structure (in particular die-cast structure or injection-molded structure), as a milling structure or as a generatively constructed structure (in particular a 3D printing structure or a laser sintering structure).
  • a cast structure in particular die-cast structure or injection-molded structure
  • a milling structure in particular a milling structure or as a generatively constructed structure (in particular a 3D printing structure or a laser sintering structure).
  • a generatively constructed structure in particular a 3D printing structure or a laser sintering structure.
  • the formation of the underground laying unit as a cast structure in order to enable a cost-effective production on an industrial scale.
  • Such a technology for the production of the connector is also compatible with materials which, with good mechanical robustness, also offer the elasticity or flexibility in order to compensate occurring mechanical stresses.
  • the underground laying unit and / or the surface laying unit may be formed as a one-piece and / or einstoffiger body.
  • the respective laying device When forming the respective laying device as one-piece body is a production with little effort possible because the formation of connections between individual components of the installation device is unnecessary.
  • the uniqueness of the laying device has the advantage, in addition to the simple manufacturability, that material bridges and associated undesirable effects (for example different coefficients of thermal expansion, which can lead to the formation of mechanical stresses during operation) can be avoided.
  • the underground laying unit and / or the surface laying unit may comprise or consist of plastic, metal and / or wood-plastic composite material.
  • Polymeric materials i.e., synthetic and / or modified natural polymer materials
  • metal such as aluminum
  • wood plastic composites each combine cost-effective manufacturability with high mechanical robustness and good elasticity.
  • the underground laying unit and / or the surface laying unit may each have a vertical thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the underground laying unit may have a lateral coupling structure, in particular at least one dovetail structure, which may be provided in at least one edge area of the underground laying unit and which may be designed for coupling to a corresponding lateral coupling structure of another, in particular similar, underground laying unit.
  • a fivefold fixation in particular twice in the x direction, in the y direction and in the z direction in the z direction, has proven particularly advantageous.
  • x and y denote mutually orthogonal directions in a laying plane and z a direction orthogonal to x and y perpendicular to the laying plane.
  • a Such fixation may be formed, for example, hook-like.
  • a connection of the underground laying units to one another can be maintained even if the fastening structure fails on the surface of the underground laying units facing the ground.
  • a functionally geometric misplacement of the underground laying units can advantageously be made mechanically impossible by coupling structures provided at corresponding positions.
  • the attachment structure of the underground laying unit may be designed to fix the underground laying unit to the ground in a punctiform, linear or full surface.
  • a full bonding ensures a particularly good and reliable attachment.
  • a point-wise bonding allows a particularly high flexibility, elasticity and compensatory mobility.
  • a linear bond or attachment creates a balance between the two described borderline cases.
  • the underground laying unit may include a functional structure (i.e., a structure that integrates an additional function into the removable covering) between the connector structure and the mounting structure.
  • a functional structure i.e., a structure that integrates an additional function into the removable covering
  • a functional layer may advantageously be equipped with downwardly and upwardly oriented and adapted to the substrate and surfaces connectors.
  • the functional structure can be used as a heating device (for heating the replacement lining), cooling device (for cooling the alternating covering) Kirbelags), Schalldämpfleaned (for damping of footfall sound), sensor device (for example, to detect a passing of the removable cover by a user, for example in the context of an alarm system), actuator and / or mechanical reinforcing means (to increase the stability of the removable cover) may be formed.
  • a heating device for heating the replacement lining
  • cooling device for cooling the alternating covering
  • Schalldämpf for damping of footfall sound
  • sensor device for example, to detect a passing of the removable cover by a user, for example in the context of an alarm system
  • actuator and / or mechanical reinforcing means to increase the stability of the removable cover
  • other functional structures are also possible, for example generative and / or recuperative elements.
  • the useful structure of the surface laying unit may be selected from a group consisting of a wood-containing layer, a wood-made layer, a stone layer, a ceramic layer, a carpet, a tile layer, and a plastic layer.
  • the utility structure is rigid (as in the case of wood, stone, tiles, etc.), and in another embodiment resilient or elastic (such as in the case of carpet or certain plastics). It has been found that the formation of connectors is compatible with all these utility structures. Cork, fabric, fabric, metal plates, artificial turf and glass are also possible materials for the useful structure according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. Also hybrid solutions of several materials and / or combinations of several of the above and other materials are possible.
  • the useful structure may have a thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 4 mm.
  • the useful structure can have a thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
  • the useful structure can have a greater thickness of up to 4 mm.
  • the thickness of the useful structure can advantageously be formed much less than in the case of conventional subfloor coverings, since when the useful structure is worn, the surface laying unit can be easily replaced by another surface laying unit without any significant installation effort accrues. This leads to a saving of resources and is possible with a considerably lower workload than is necessary, for example, in the conventional replacement of parquet or other floor coverings.
  • the plug connection structure of the surface laying unit can be fastened or fastened to the useful structure by means of a fastening structure, in particular by means of an adhesive structure and / or at least one fastening element to be introduced into the useful structure.
  • a fastening structure for example, double-sided adhesive tape or a hot melt adhesive may be used.
  • fastening elements such as screws, nails and / or rivets.
  • the attachment structure of the surface laying unit can be designed to fix the connector structure to the payload structure punctiform, linear or full surface, in particular while maintaining a, in particular elastic, compensating movement capability of the connector structure.
  • a full-surface connection a particularly good fastening effect can be achieved.
  • a partial connection of one of the opposing surfaces of the attachment structure and the utility structure is preferred, as is the case with a point or line attachment.
  • Such attachment for example only along certain portions of a frame structure of the patch structure of the surface laying unit, maintains a mechanical compensatory movement capability and allows the payload and connector structures (usually made of different materials) to make a compensating movement when temperature-related stresses occur. Also, to compensate for manufacturing tolerances, the measure is advantageous.
  • the connector structure of the surface laying unit may be considered as being interconnected, in particular elastic, webs existing frame structure may be formed with a plurality of integrated therein connector elements. Forming the connector structure from web-like frame members results in a lightweight and resource efficient surface laying unit which nevertheless has sufficient mechanical strength to form a reliable connector with the substrate laying unit.
  • the plug-in connection elements of the surface laying unit (in particular two opposing) leaf spring structures, which are adapted to form a Einschnapp plug connection with a (in particular oval) snap ring of the connector structure of the corresponding underground laying unit.
  • the leaf spring structures can be formed, in particular, by two webs of the frame structure lying opposite one another, which, when the snap body of the underground laying unit is inserted, deflect outwardly between the two leaf spring structures and thereby generate a clamping force engaging the snap body.
  • the leaf spring structures can be provided with corresponding inlet slopes, which accomplish the insertion effortlessly and intuitively. These inlet slopes can also restrict the displacement movement of the leaf spring structures when forming the snap or plug connection on the main plane of the formed removable covering, so that the connector advantageously leads to no increase in height.
  • the plug-in connection elements of the surface laying unit may have (in particular oval) guide ring structures which are set up for accommodating movement of corresponding positioning studs of the plug connection structure of the corresponding underground laying unit.
  • the guide ring structures can be closed by a circumferentially closed Be formed limiting web, in the interior of a rectilinear or curved guide may be formed for the Positioniernoppen.
  • a guide structure allows the movement of the positioning nubs in a respective preferred direction.
  • the leaf spring structures may be configured to spring in a spring direction that is orthogonal to a compensating movement direction of the guide ring structures. This immobilizes the change pad in a direction of action of the leaf springs and allows a compensating movement perpendicular thereto.
  • the plug-in connection structure of the surface laying unit may be formed as a grid, in particular two-dimensional, periodically repeating grid, in particular with a grid dimension in a range between 10 mm and 100 mm, of plug-in unit cells.
  • the screening can serve for flexible laying of differently dimensioned surface-laying units and underground laying units which are not necessarily flush with each other at the edges. This can provide a modular system with universal combinatorics between surface laying units and underground laying units.
  • the grid of the surface laying unit may be formed by an, in particular two-dimensional, alternating sequence of the plug-in unit cells, which extend alternately in a first orientation direction and in a second orientation direction orthogonal thereto.
  • a respective connector unit cell may be formed by an arrangement of leaf spring structures and guide ring structures having the features described above.
  • the alternating arrangement of the connector unit cells leads to an overall uniform load distribution and plug connection force.
  • the embodiments with a planar support plate and / or with plug connection elements such as plug bodies or positioning studs or associated load receiving structures (in particular load receiving studs) can also be implemented in the fastening structure of the surface laying units.
  • a planar support plate with raised protruding plug-in elements or load-bearing structures on the underground laying unit, while a frame structure is preferably provided on the surface-laying unit.
  • the reason for this is as follows: The provision of a closed carrier layer makes it easier to immobilize the underside of the underground laying units on the ground. At the same time, the frame-like provision of the connector structure on the useful structure of the surface laying unit allows a particularly effective compensation movement between these two components is made possible. Also, the material-saving provision of the frame-like plug connection structure on the formable as wear part or change component surface laying unit is particularly resource-saving.
  • the plug connection structure of the surface laying unit may comprise a plurality of plug connection elements, which is formed with the characteristics of the plug connection elements of the underground laying unit with the features described above.
  • the surface laying unit may have a functional structure which may be integrated into the useful structure, in particular formed as an abrasion protection layer.
  • an abrasion-resistant layer may be on an outside surface of the change pad be attached, for example, formed as a varnish or sealant layer.
  • the payload structure may have a plug connection structure side (in particular a support structure connected to the plug connection structure of the surface laying unit) and an outside (in particular exposed) useful coating applied thereto.
  • the support structure may have a thickness in a range between 1 mm and 3 mm (often less than 2 mm) and be formed as a carrier layer.
  • This backing layer may serve to apply a coating to it (for example, deposited or adhered thereto).
  • the support structure may be formed from a fiber composite, such as a cementitious fiberglass panel. This has advantages.
  • such a fiber composite is sufficiently robust, for example, to stabilize a thin wood veneer layer (for example having a thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm) as a useful coating.
  • fiber composite has been found to be suitable to be coated with ceramic material (for example having a thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 3 mm) as a useful coating.
  • Fiber composite (especially a cement-bonded glass fiber structure) is namely sufficiently temperature stable to withstand the high temperatures encountered in ceramic coating.
  • a universal carrier plate can be used for a variety of materials), which can be positioned to form the Nutz Scheme between the wear layer and the connector structure.
  • This support plate on the one hand has the advantage of providing stabilization support (especially for wood) and on the other hand to offer a substrate on which mechanically sensitive coverings (in particular a ceramic coating) can be applied.
  • the change-over covering may further comprise a plurality of functional structure laying units having the above-described features for vertically arranging between the plurality of underground laying units and the plurality of surface laying units to form plug-in connections on both opposite surfaces of the functional structure laying units.
  • a direct connection between the plug connection structure of the underground laying units and the plug connection structure of the surface laying units can be made or a sandwiching of functional structure laying units between underground laying units and surface laying units.
  • the connector structures of the surface laying units and the plug connection structures of the underground laying units can be adapted to one another such that when a releasable plug connection is formed, a snap-in occurs between the plug connection structures, in particular exclusively in a plane which is arranged parallel to the useful structure. This makes it possible to form a stable snap connection without increasing the overall height of the removable covering.
  • the connector structures of the surface laying units may have a higher bending stiffness than the connector structures of the underground laying units. This ensures that a compensation movement in the case of production-related tolerances or thermal mismatches is made possible, in particular on the underside.
  • a higher flexural rigidity on the side of the surface laying unit can be achieved by a simultaneously lightweight and resource-saving frame structure, whereas a lower flexural rigidity can be achieved with a comparatively thin carrier layer which is particularly advantageous for the underground laying unit.
  • the method may further comprise removing the surface laying units from the underground laying units and subsequently forming releasable connections between the laid underground laying units and other surface laying units, in particular other surface laying units having a different useful structure.
  • Such replacement of surface laying units can in particular be done tool-free and non-destructive, for example if the useful structure of the surface laying units is worn or another user structure is desired by a user.
  • Both the surface laying units and the underground laying units can be manufactured in virtually any formats. This includes in particular any quadrangular configuration, more particularly rectangular arrangements. But other forms, such as other polygons (for example, hexagons), are possible.
  • the corresponding connector structures for releasable in particular for releasing with manual muscle power and / or releasable tool, connect to the respective associated underground laying, surface laying and / or functional structure laying unit to be established.
  • the wear layer for example, including a part of the connection structure or together with the entire connection structure
  • a special equipment for assembly or disassembly for example, heat, radiation, mechanical assistance.
  • the use of electrical disassembly aids is possible.
  • a surface connection (full surface, stripes, etc.) on the ground (wall, ceiling, floor, etc.) take place.
  • a two-ply, three-ply or solid wood parquet laying unit on a substrate eg screed, wooden floor, tiles, laminate, PVC flooring, carpets, etc.
  • the connection is made over the entire surface or streaky on the counterpart.
  • a top layer of solid wood may be applied to a substrate (for example screed, wooden floor, tiles, laminate, PVC covering, carpet, etc.).
  • a substrate for example screed, wooden floor, tiles, laminate, PVC covering, carpet, etc.
  • the supplied connection component can be applied over the entire surface to the substrate (screed, wooden floor, tiles, laminate, PVC flooring, carpet, etc.).
  • cover layer to cover It is a width and side connection between cover layer to cover possible.
  • Such compounds can be formed correspondingly both in the execution on factory-made substructure and in the connection of the cover layer on the ground.
  • the wear layer can act as a cover layer and, for example, be abraded once. This can be effected, for example, by pulses (current, heat, bimetallic effect or other). Thus, the possibility of, for example, one-time abrasion of the wear layer can be combined with the possibility of easy replacement of the entire surface laying unit for further improved resource utilization.
  • a stability layer solid wood layer
  • a Gegenzugsfurniere thin wood layer
  • the wear layer thickness can be reduced to one usage cycle so that, for example, it becomes possible for a user to have a new wooden floor every five years without the need for a great deal of laying.
  • European wood species that can be processed into surface laying units or underground laying units are oak, beech, maple, birch, walnut, cherry, ash, olive, acacia, elm, apple tree, pear tree and sweet chestnut.
  • Non-European types of wood, which can be processed into, for example, surface laying units or underground laying units, are merbau, wenge, teak or mahogany.
  • wood products can be designated whose cross sections have been worked out from a tree trunk and optionally further processed by cutting (drilling, milling, planing, etc.).
  • the structure of the wood is, unlike with glulam and wood materials, not mechanically or mechanically modified. However, smoking and / or steaming of the material is possible. Also a connection of different materials is possible.
  • wood-based materials are also used as the carrier.
  • Wood materials can be materials that are produced by crushing wood and then joining the structural elements. The size and shape of the wood particles determine the nature of the wood material and its properties. The wood particles may be bonded together with or without binders or mechanical bonds.
  • Parquet which is formed from surface laying units and / or underground laying units, may be formed for example as solid parquet or multi-layer parquet.
  • Solid parquet may be constructed in particular of solid wood pieces, which may be provided according to the invention with connector structures. Solid parquet can be laid raw and then sanded down with a parquet sanding machine. Subsequently, a surface treatment with parquet lacquer, floor oil or wax can be done.
  • Multi-layer parquet can be two-layer parquet or three-layer parquet.
  • the visible surface layer of the respective stamping wood species may be, for example, 0.5 mm to 2 mm, or up to 4 mm thick and glued on one or more support layers made of cheaper softwood or on a base plate made of wood-based material.
  • a removable covering or subfloor covering which has a replaceable covering element (also called surface laying unit) and a base covering element (also called underground laying unit), wherein one can be attached to the other and both can be released from each other again by a defined force.
  • the base covering element or the underground laying unit is firmly connected to the substrate.
  • the change covering element or the surface laying unit can be detachably attached.
  • the laying is preferably orthotropic, an oblique installation is not mandatory.
  • the plug-in grid can be for example 10 mm or 20 mm.
  • the base covering element should be accessible.
  • the connector (or parts thereof) should be permanently connected to the wear layer or the substructure.
  • the overall height of the replaceable covering element including the base covering element can be, for example, between 4 mm and 6 mm.
  • the individual elements of the replaceable covering element or of the base covering element can have, for example, a width of 200 mm to 600 mm and a length of 600 mm to 1500 mm.
  • the positionability of base covering elements and changing covering elements to one another can be achieved, for example, by using individual pins, knobs and / or ribs which can protrude and dip into the counterpart.
  • This allows a simple geometry and can preferably be realized with inlet slopes. It can be formed a corresponding grid with pins, knobs or ribs.
  • the stop surface or stop line can be provided as a separate element on the change covering.
  • a guide element can be attached to the circumference.
  • the positioning can be purely optical. It is also possible to use a tool as a positioning aid.
  • knobs or ribs can be provided, which can be arranged according to a grid. It is a plug without position (for example, foam) possible.
  • Flat plug-in elements can be used.
  • joints of a ceramic covering and flat plug-in elements can be used.
  • Such joints can be made by means of multi-component injection molding together with the connector with the wear layer.
  • Such joints can perform a sealing function.
  • Partial plug-in elements on the replaceable lining elements are possible, for example circulating. It is also possible to form a ring connector using bush and sleeve. Also technicallynstcketti, sliding elements and / or rotating elements (for example, bayonet) can be used.
  • a frictional engagement for example, to form a positive connection, in particular using an undercut
  • rotating elements for example, bayonet
  • spring-loaded bolts can be used.
  • elastomeric elements A Ringschnappthetic, a line snap connection or a joining agent (for example, adhesive) in a gap are possible.
  • a fixation by means of negative pressure is possible (in particular movement-induced, for example using suction cups).
  • an adaptation of the length changes with temperature changes can be advantageously made possible.
  • a compliance (plastic deformation) of the fasteners involved is possible.
  • elastomeric elements hard and / or soft
  • Spring elements, a sliding connection or the provision of a grout in ceramic coverings is also possible.
  • tolerance-compensating components in the base covering element and the alternating covering element are possible.
  • a lifting of the changing covering element by means of a sucker of a lifting tool for example, a tie rod (in particular detachable), a tie rod (destroying), a lifting element (for example a pull cord) or a manual lifting without tools (for example Loosen with upstream process step) possible. It is also possible to inject air to aid disassembly, with an air cushion being able to lift off the respective element.
  • the load can be taken in such a way that the load is discharged vertically downward under pressure.
  • the bearing surfaces should be sufficiently dimensioned. It is also possible to allow a continuous introduction of force via a system of wear layer to the substructure.
  • the horizontal load can be derived by shear forces. Plug-in elements can be provided intermeshing.
  • the power transmission can also be done by friction.
  • the elements for making the connector can be positioned relative to each other by pins, knobs and / or ribs in the grid.
  • a mating (in particular joining) can be accomplished by pins, knobs and / or ribs, which can be arranged in a grid.
  • a fixation vertically (per element) can be made by hook with positive locking and undercut.
  • the lateral fixation (per element) can be made by pins, nubs and / or ribs, which can also be arranged in the grid. It can be provided by resilient spring elements compensation of manufacturing and assembly tolerances.
  • laying combinations of the surface laying units, underground laying units and functional structure laying units are possible.
  • a longitudinal installation, a cross-laying, a skew, etc. is possible.
  • a first connector structure of a surface laying unit and a corresponding second connector structure of a ground laying unit can be exchanged, i. that the first connector structure may alternatively be provided on the underground laying unit and the second connector structure on the surface laying unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a change pad 150 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the change pad 150 serves to cover a substrate 102 and is composed of a plurality of underground laying units 100 and a plurality of surface laying units 110.
  • the substrate laying units 100 form a subfloor-like first coating layer and cover the substrate 102 substantially gap-free.
  • the surface-laying units 110 form a second covering layer close to the surface and together cover the first coating layer of the substrate laying units 100 covering the substrate 102 substantially gap-free.
  • the mutually similar underground laying units 100 each have a base-side fastening structure 104, which is designed to be fastened to the base 102. Furthermore, each of the underground laying units 100 has a plug-in connection structure 106 facing away from the base 102 for detachable plug-in connection, with a formation a snap-in connector, with a correspondingly formed connector structure 108 of an associated surface laying unit 110.
  • Each of the similar surface laying units 110 has a utility structure 112 that forms an exposed outer surface of the change pad 150. Furthermore, each of the surface laying units 110 has a plug-in connection structure 108 facing away from the utility structure 112 for detachable plug-in connection, forming the snap-in plug connection, with a corresponding one of the plug connection structures 106 of the associated underground laying unit 100.
  • the connector structures 106 of the underground laying units 100 and the connector structures 108 of the surface laying units 110 are, as in FIG FIG. 1 shown, so adapted to each other (ie dimensioned and shaped) that they can be brought together to form a releasable snap-in connector by hand in positive plug-in engagement. In this state, they are according to FIG. 1 ,
  • the fastening structure 104 has according to FIG. 1 a full-surface, continuous adhesive layer on the underside of a flat support layer.
  • the plug-in connection structure 106 has a plurality of plug-in connection elements 114, which protrude in a raised manner with respect to the fastening structure 104, in order to be able to form a positive connection with plug connection elements 116 of the plug connection structure 108.
  • the underground laying units 100 can be formed as plastic injection-molded bodies made of plastic, on the underside of the adhesive layer can be attached.
  • a vertical thickness d of the underground laying units 100 may be, for example, 2.5 mm.
  • Each of the underground laying units 100 has, at opposite end sections, components of a coupling structure 118 which is designed for positive coupling with a corresponding, adjacent coupling structure 118 of another similar underground laying unit 100.
  • the coupling structure 118 can be formed only in the underground laying unit 100, since the surface laying unit 110 is not displaced during vertical disassembly. Examples of the design of the coupling structure 118 are shown in FIG FIG. 5 . FIG. 15 to FIG. 17 . FIG. 19, FIG. 20 and FIG. 22 to see.
  • the useful structure 112 may comprise or consist of solid wood, if replacement flooring 150 is to be installed as a removable covering.
  • the useful structure 112 formed as a uniformly thick layer may have a thickness D of, for example, 2 mm.
  • a vertical thickness B of the entire surface laying unit 110 may be 3 mm.
  • the useful structure 112 formed as a wear layer may be self-stabilizing.
  • the plug-in connection structure 108 can be fastened to the utility structure 112 by means of a fastening structure 120, which is designed, for example, as an adhesive layer.
  • the attachment structure 120 serves to secure the connector structure 108 to the utility structure 112 over the entire area. Regardless of the attachment, the individual components of the surface laying unit 110 should, however, be left with the possibility of permitting an elastic compensation movement of these components with respect to one another, for example to compensate for thermal stresses.
  • the attachment structure 120 can provide stabilization support.
  • FIG. 1 Figure 12 also schematically shows that an optional underfloor heater 130 may be implemented in the substrate 102, which may be formed of screed, for example.
  • This functional structure 202 may be, for example, a coating which protects an exposed surface of the useful structure 112 from mechanical damage.
  • the functional structure 202 thus serves as an abrasion protection layer.
  • connector structure 108 serves as a support layer with plug connection capability and is also self-stabilizing.
  • the connector structure 106 serves as a primitive with plug connectivity and is self-stabilizing.
  • the attachment structure 104 is formed as a connecting layer and acts as a base to the substrate 102.
  • the substrate 102 may be, for example screed or an existing floor covering.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a change pad 150 according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • another functional structure 200 is disposed between the connector structure 106 and the attachment structure 104.
  • the functional structure 200 integrated in the connector structure 106 of the underground laying unit 100 may be, for example, a sensor film.
  • the functional structure 200 may be underfloor heating, underfloor cooling, impact sound attenuation or mechanical reinforcement.
  • an equalization layer 144 is provided. Further, a bonding layer 142 is provided between the leveling layer 144 and the substrate 102. With reference numerals 142 and 144, a compensating lining between the substrate 102 and the alternating covering 150 is thus realized.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a change pad 150 according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the change pad 150 according to FIG. 4 includes in addition to the change pad 150 according to FIG. 1 a plurality of functional structure laying units 300 interposed between the plurality of underground laying units 100 and the plurality of surface laying units 110. This takes place with the formation of plug connections on both opposite surfaces of the functional structure laying units 300, namely on the top side with the surface laying units 110 and on the underside with the underground laying units 100.
  • each of the functional structure laying units 300 includes a top-side connector structure 302 for forming a top-side releasable snap-in connector with one corresponding plug-in connection structure 108 of the surface laying unit 110 and a lower-side connector structure 304 for forming a lower-side releasable snap-in connector with a corresponding connector structure 106 of the underground laying unit 100.
  • a functional structure 306 serves to provide an additional function in the changing mat 150, for example a footfall damping.
  • the change covering according to FIG. 3 differs from the change pad 150 according to FIG. 1 by the additional provision of a functional coating in the form of the functional structure 302. This can be selectively inserted between the underground laying unit 100 and the surface laying unit 110 or optionally also with one of the underground laying units 100 or the surface laying units 110 are permanently connected (glued, for example).
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a change pad 150 according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the change pad 150 according to FIG. 4 differs from FIG. 3 by the additional provision of a leveling pad 142, 144, cf. FIG. 2 ,
  • FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional view of components of a changeover pad 150 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the plug connection structure 106 of the underground laying unit 100 is formed as a frame structure 500 consisting of interconnected elastic webs with a plurality of plug connection elements 114 integrated therein. Longitudinal and transverse spring elements are also integrated in the frame structure 500, with the corner regions of the frame structure 500 giving mechanical stability.
  • the connector elements 114 have two opposing leaf spring structures 502 which are adapted to form a snap-fit connector with an oval snap body 600 (see FIG. 6 ) of the connector structure 108 of the corresponding surface laying unit 100.
  • the plug connection elements 114 furthermore have oval guide ring structures 504, which are set up for accommodating movement of corresponding positioning lugs 604 of the plug connection structure 108 of the corresponding surface laying unit 100 (see FIG FIG. 6 ).
  • the leaf spring structures 502 are configured to spring in a spring direction that is orthogonal to a compensating movement direction of the guide ring structures 504.
  • the connector structure 106 is (as in FIG. 5 not in detail recognizable connector structure 108) as two-dimensional (ie in the longitudinal and transverse directions) periodically repeating grid of connector unit cells 510 is formed.
  • the grid is formed by an alternating sequence in both dimensions of the plug-in unit cells 510, which extend alternately in a first orientation direction (leaf spring structures 502 left-right) and in a second orientation direction orthogonal thereto (leaf spring structures 502 top-bottom).
  • a respective connector unit cell 510 is formed by an array of two opposed leaf spring structures 502 and two opposing guide ring structures 504, respectively.
  • the connector structure 108 of the surface laying unit 110 as a planar support plate with raised above connector elements (not shown in FIG FIG. 5 ) and the connector structure 106 of the underground laying unit 110 is formed as a frame structure
  • the connector structures 106 and 108 are also exchanged, that is, the planar support plate with raised protruding connector elements as part of the underground laying unit 100 and the frame-like connector structure 106 as part of the surface laying unit 110 are provided.
  • FIG. 6 to FIG. 9 show cooperating connector structures 108 of surface laying units 110 and connector structures 106 of underground laying units 100 of alternating linings 150 in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the invention. It form according to FIG. 6 to FIG. 9 in contrast to FIG. 5 the frame-like arrangement, the connector structure 108 of the surface laying unit 110 and the plate-like arrangement, the connector structure 106 of the underground laying units 100th
  • the connector structures 108 of the surface laying units 110 and the connector structures 106 of the underground laying units 110 are adapted such that when a releasable plug connection is formed, a snap-in occurs between the connector structures 106, 108, exclusively in a plane that is parallel to the useful structure 112.
  • the plug connection elements 114 of the underground laying unit 100 have a snap body 600 for forming a snap-fit connector with corresponding leaf spring structures 502 of the plug structure 108 of the corresponding surface laying unit 110.
  • the plug connection elements 114 of the underground laying units 100 have positioning nubs 604 which allow for compensating movement into corresponding guide ring structures 504 of the plug connection structure the corresponding surface laying unit 110 are arranged.
  • the snap body 600 has a larger dimension in a first extension direction than in a second extension direction orthogonal thereto, ie, it is arranged asymmetrically.
  • the snap body 600 is according to FIG. 9 arranged between two positioning nubs 604.
  • the locator nubs 604 may align the leaf spring structures 502 with associated snap elements so that the snap bodies 600 snap into place regardless of deformation / movement in the surface.
  • FIG. 6 to FIG. 9 is indicated by arrows, in which directions the different sections of the structures shown are able to make compensating movements under temperature change or to compensate for manufacturing tolerances.
  • FIG. 10 shows a plan view
  • FIG. 11 FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of a connector structure 106 of an underground laying unit 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 thus shows a base covering, that is a subgrade laying unit 100, with integrated elements.
  • the segment size can be 25 mm x 25 mm, for example.
  • the pitch ie, the size of a connector unit cell 510) may be 50mm x 50mm, for example.
  • a module, ie, an underground laying unit 100, may have a size of, for example, 300 mm x 150 mm and a height of 3 mm.
  • the grid is formed as a frame, positioning elements, fixing elements, longitudinal and transverse spring elements and measures for tolerance compensation are provided.
  • FIG. 12 shows a portion of a change pad 150 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 12 is to point to the contact surface to the mounting structures 104 and 120.
  • FIG. 13 shows a detail view
  • FIG. 14 shows an overview of a plug connection between a connector structure 106 of a subgrade laying unit 100 and a corresponding connector structure 108 of a surface laying unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 is shown a combination of an underground laying unit 100 (also referred to as a base covering element) and a surface laying unit 110 (also referred to as an alternating covering element).
  • the positioning takes place via a positioning pin 1300.
  • the fixing takes place via a snap hook 1302.
  • the tolerance compensation takes place via spring-loaded connecting elements. Snap hook 1302 and positioning pin 1300 are arranged at a fixed distance.
  • FIG. 15 shows a plan view
  • FIG. 16 shows a three-dimensional view of a connector structure 106 of a subgrade laying unit according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 show an underground laying unit 100 (also referred to as a base covering element) with integrated elements.
  • stabilizing ring elements 1500 are provided in corners of individual connector unit cells 510.
  • Long holes are used as guide ring structures 504 for two positioning pins 604 of a surface laying unit 110 (not shown in FIG FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 ) educated.
  • spring-loaded strips are used as leaf spring structures 502 for snap hooks as snap bodies 600 (not shown in FIG FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 ) intended.
  • a tolerance compensation takes place via spring-loaded connecting elements in the form of frame struts 1504.
  • the frame struts 1504 are part of the frame structure 500. T-elements for fixing the modules in the surface composite can also be provided.
  • the pitch (that is, the size of a connector unit cell 510) may be, for example, 50 mm x 50 mm, wherein the module (that is, the entire underground laying unit 100) has a size of 600 mm x 200 mm and a height of 3 mm may have.
  • FIG. 17 shows a plan view of a connector between a connector structure 108 of a surface laying unit 110 and a connector structure 106 of a subgrade laying unit 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the snap bodies 600 and locator knobs 604 are designed to accommodate vertical loads.
  • FIG. 17 is the snap body 600 of the connector structure 108 along a first (according to FIG. 17 horizontal) extension direction between two along a second (according to FIG. 17 vertical) extension direction extending rib-shaped and elongated Load receiving structures 1700 arranged.
  • the load-bearing structures 1700 project toward a planar base plate 1702 of the surface laying unit 110, and are formed to receive mechanical loads applied to the surface laying unit 110.
  • FIG. 18 shows a three-dimensional view of a connector structure 108 of a surface laying unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the connector structure 108 is formed as a two-dimensionally periodically repeating grid having a pitch in a range between 10 mm and 100 mm of connector unit cells 510. More specifically, the raster is formed by a two-dimensionally alternating sequence of the connector unit cells 510, which extend alternately in a first orientation direction and in a second orientation direction orthogonal thereto. In other words, adjacent connector unit cells 510 are rotated 90 degrees from each other.
  • Each of the connector unit cells 510 is formed by an arrangement of a snap-action snap body 600, two load-receiving ribs parallel to each other as load-bearing structures 1700, and a pair of wood-cylindrical positioning studs 604.
  • a surface laying unit 110 (also referred to as an alternating covering element) with functional elements is shown.
  • the plate thickness in this case is 1 mm.
  • two longitudinal ribs are formed per plug-in unit cell 510 for receiving a vertical load.
  • FIG. 19, FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 show different spatial views of a connector from a connector structure 106 a Underground laying unit 100 and a connector structure 108 of a corresponding surface laying unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 19 to FIG. 21 thus show a combination of a surface laying unit 110 (also referred to as a removable covering element) and a subgrade laying unit 100 (also referred to as a base covering element).
  • the components are provided as injection-molded parts.
  • the injection molds can be formed without a slider.
  • FIG. 22 shows a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a connector from a connector structure 106 of an underground laying unit 100 and a connector structure 108 of a corresponding surface laying unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • inlet slopes and the planar design of the snap connection can be seen, resulting in a low overall height.
  • FIG. 23 shows a connector unit cell 510 of a connector structure 108 of a surface laying unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 24 shows a detailed view of a plug connection of a change pad 150 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 show a removable flooring system with a pitch of 25 x 25 mm.
  • Four positioning pins or positioning lugs 604 and a double-acting snap mandrel as a snap body 600 are provided per connector unit cell 510. Snap hooks and positioning pins are geometrically optimized. Ring elements (see reference numeral 1500) in the corners are designed as support elements.
  • FIG. 23 is shown that by a snap body 600 accordingly FIG. 24 acting in two directions, the pitch can be halved.
  • the illustrated leaf spring structures 502 are exemplified by 90 ° turned.
  • Corresponding Positioniernoppen 604 can advantageously be performed four times.
  • the respective plug connection structure 106 may alternatively be designed as a plug connection structure of the surface laying unit 110 as well as the respective plug connection structure 108 alternatively as a plug connection structure of the underground laying unit 100.
  • the connector structures 106 and 108 may be reversed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP16160985.4A 2015-03-20 2016-03-17 Recouvrement interchangeable avec connecteur a fiches Active EP3070231B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015003664.5A DE102015003664A1 (de) 2015-03-20 2015-03-20 Wechselbelag mit Steckverbindung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3070231A1 true EP3070231A1 (fr) 2016-09-21
EP3070231B1 EP3070231B1 (fr) 2020-08-12

Family

ID=55646311

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EP16160985.4A Active EP3070231B1 (fr) 2015-03-20 2016-03-17 Recouvrement interchangeable avec connecteur a fiches

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10167640B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3070231B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105986654B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015003664A1 (fr)
LT (1) LT3070231T (fr)

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EP4060141A1 (fr) 2021-03-18 2022-09-21 Weitzer Holding GmbH Unité de sous-couche auto-stabilisée et revêtement de sous-couche
US20230080003A1 (en) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-16 Matthew Houser Tile holding system

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DE102015003664A1 (de) * 2015-03-20 2016-10-06 Weitzer Holding Gmbh Wechselbelag mit Steckverbindung
US11293189B2 (en) * 2019-01-14 2022-04-05 Ebbe America Lc Flooring system for use in a sloped floor
US10736485B1 (en) * 2019-07-01 2020-08-11 Galbraith Creative, LLC Reconfigurable tiled apparatus
CN110331838A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-10-15 金华市安索传动科技有限公司 一种地板基件、地板组件及地板
CN113073805A (zh) * 2021-04-09 2021-07-06 华乐平 一种基于发泡陶瓷为基板的再生花岗石保温装饰板

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20160273233A1 (en) 2016-09-22
DE102015003664A1 (de) 2016-10-06
US10167640B2 (en) 2019-01-01
EP3070231B1 (fr) 2020-08-12
CN105986654B (zh) 2020-05-01
LT3070231T (lt) 2021-02-25
CN105986654A (zh) 2016-10-05

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