EP3023556B1 - Élément pare-feu et pare-feu constitué d'éléments pare-feu - Google Patents

Élément pare-feu et pare-feu constitué d'éléments pare-feu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3023556B1
EP3023556B1 EP14193899.3A EP14193899A EP3023556B1 EP 3023556 B1 EP3023556 B1 EP 3023556B1 EP 14193899 A EP14193899 A EP 14193899A EP 3023556 B1 EP3023556 B1 EP 3023556B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire barrier
fire
facade
front side
barrier element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP14193899.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3023556A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Lohmann
Werner Mai
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DAW SE
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DAW SE
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Publication of EP3023556A1 publication Critical patent/EP3023556A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/943—Building elements specially adapted therefor elongated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E04B1/7641—Elements for window or door openings, or for corners of the building

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire lock element and a fire bar, comprising at least two, in particular a variety of fire bolt elements, and the use of the fire bolt element or the fire bolt as a fire barrier in external thermal insulation systems for building facades and to connect or obstruct a cross-floor fire forwarding in the insulating layer of thermal insulation systems. Furthermore, the invention relates to thermal insulation composite systems comprising at least one such fire bolt element or a fire bar and building facades comprising at least one fire bar element or at least one fire bar or at least one composite thermal insulation system.
  • Thermal insulation composite systems for example based on foamed styrene polymers, when installed on building walls, in the event of a fire in comparison with non-insulated building walls regularly do not increase the risk of increased fire propagation. This is partly due to the fact that thermal insulation systems are usually provided immediately after installation on the building wall with a mineral plaster layer, this not least also to avoid when using graphite or soot-containing Styrolpolymerisatdämmsysteme bowl formation by sunlight.
  • EPS rigid foams are regularly used in construction for thermal insulation. These begin to soften and shrink slowly at temperatures above 100 ° C. Only with further warming does the melting process begin. From the melt can be at prolonged heat develop gaseous, combustible decomposition products. These can form flammable gases under fire conditions at temperatures above 350 ° C. Without a source of ignition, these thermal decomposition products ignite only at temperatures in the range of 450 ° C to 500 ° C. Up to these temperatures, EPS foam is not self-igniting, and it does not cause smoldering fire.
  • EPS rigid foam equipped with conventional flame retardants is a product that has been classified by the DIBt as having low flammability (B1 according to DIN 4102). It has also been shown that fire and carbonization gases, which emanate from EPS rigid foams, are less dangerous than the thermal decomposition products of cellulosic building materials such as wood fiber boards or cork.
  • Structural fire protection measures are required in particular for external thermal insulation systems with insulation thicknesses greater than 100 mm in order to prevent the facade system from contributing to fire propagation through the façade.
  • stone wool strips are used over lintels or so-called fire bars.
  • Such fire bars may e.g. be formed of mineral wool or polyurethane.
  • a fire bar also called fire protection bar
  • it is usually a substantially complete horizontal interruption of the foam insulation preferably in at least every other floor of a material that prevents or prevents the spread of fire.
  • a fire bar prevents the formation of a chimney.
  • a fire bar must withstand at least for a certain time a fire or fire.
  • Fire bars are therefore usually made of non-combustible materials which have a sufficient height to prevent the spread of fire. Even material that breaks quickly in case of fire is usually unsuitable.
  • Conventional fire bars are cuboidal products that are matched in their external dimensions to the thermal insulation composite system in which they are to be integrated.
  • a generic fire bar would be, for example, a 200 mm high solidified mineral wool strip with a melting point> 1000 ° C.
  • the components are usually installed in the form of a fire-retardant liner between the insulation boards. Accordingly, the foamed insulation material rests on the upper side of the rectangular fire bar, so that it does not come to form a thermal bridge.
  • the approved compositions and dimensions of fire bars are subject to the building regulations of the respective countries, so that the expert usually takes these into account when designing a new fire bar.
  • a fire protection element with a provided with Intumeszenzmasse protection means carrier, in which a transversely to a longitudinal extent strength conferring foam part is received in a formed by a fabric or by a nonwoven wrapping. At least part of this sheath or the foam part are used here as a protective agent carrier.
  • this fire protection element is a more advantageous continuous Get fire bars.
  • a special arrangement of the bonded pieces of fabric is needed to ensure a perfect connection with the facade.
  • the AT 506 103 B1 deals with a fire barrier made of fire-resistant or fire-resistant material based on expanded polystyrene particles.
  • the polystyrene granulate particles or beads are to be coated at least over partial areas of their surface with at least one fire or fire propagation inhibiting or refractory silicate.
  • a Brandriegel made of it should be easy to install while ensuring adequate thermal insulation.
  • U1 is a cuboid fire barrier consisting of PUR or PIR hard foam out, which has a homogeneous cell structure over its entire thickness and at the same time has to be free of cover layers, for example of glass / mineral fleece, adhesive layers or fasteners.
  • cover layers for example of glass / mineral fleece, adhesive layers or fasteners.
  • edge dynamic rigidity in this fire barrier.
  • Such a fire barrier should be particularly easy to manufacture and deliver in exactly the same thickness as the intended for each construction projects Polystyroldämmstoffplatten.
  • the DE 10 2009 040 203 A1 describes a molded foam element of polyurethane foam or Polyisocyanuratschaum for thermal insulation composite systems on buildings with a cell structure having in at least two mutually perpendicular spatial directions distinguishable geometry structures.
  • the EP 2 604 763 A1 is concerned with a fire bar, which is connected to a spacer which extends with a rear gap gap bridging portion between an outside of the fire bar and the inside of the facade cladding.
  • This fire bar has to be made of an elastically deformable material. In this way, a building facade should be obtained with a simple, easy to assemble construction.
  • the DE 10 2012 001 613 A1 relates to a thermal insulation composite system in which the fire barrier is formed from plate-shaped or profile-shaped thermal insulation elements, which airgel particles and at least one water-based inorganic and / or have organic binder and have a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 0.028 W / (mk).
  • the fire barrier should be flexible and can be integrated, for example, in a lintel or soffit area of an opening in a building exterior wall.
  • the DE 20 2012 100 418 U1 discloses a one-piece fire-barrier made of fibrous material which extends over the surface of an insulating layer in the direction of the facade cladding and which has a compressibility and / or flexibility oriented at least predominantly between the building wall and facade cladding.
  • This fire bar is to allow a simple and inexpensive equipment of building facades with thermal insulation elements without additional structural elements are provided.
  • the DE 196 43 618 A1 also discloses a thin fire protective layer of fabric impregnated with a flame retardant. This should foam and harden in the event of a fire.
  • a fire protection layer instead of a firestop, avoids a façade discoloration.
  • WO 2013/184425 A2 discloses the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention therefore an object of the invention to minimize or completely eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of conventional fire bars and fire bar elements.
  • the contact between falling burning material and dripping liquefying material of the facade be reduced or minimized.
  • the direct or indirect transfer of energy, in particular thermal energy, between said falling burning and dripping liquefied materials and by a fire below the fire bar should be reduced.
  • so Brandriegelieri or fire bars should be made available with which a fire retransmission can be effectively prevented.
  • the inventive fire bar system has a structure that allows the discharge of burning materials and at the same time has a catchment system for liquefying parts of a thermal insulation facade.
  • the two-dimensional plane is to be understood to mean an infinitely extended plane which is rectified with the middle orientation of the facade side.
  • the said two-dimensional plane is a mathematical auxiliary construct in order to be able to describe the structure of the firing bolt precisely, that is to say in the form of a mathematical auxiliary construct.
  • an infinitely extended two-dimensional plane as a concrete physical object is not part of the fire bar.
  • a building wall is to be understood in this context as a building wall or wall not provided with an insulating material.
  • the surface of the building wall, on which the fire bar or the fire lock elements are attached partially or completely from a solid mineral substrate.
  • the building wall side is apart from surface structures substantially flat or only slightly curved.
  • the building wall is to be distinguished from the building façade, whereby the latter usually additionally comprises the external thermal insulation composite system together with fire barrier elements. Facade side means in the sense of the present invention in the direction of the building wall with generic use of the fire lock element.
  • the front of the fire bolt element at least partially faces the visible side in generic use.
  • a coating for example a plaster layer, together with the external thermal insulation composite system into which the fire barrier element is integrated.
  • the fire bar element can be partially or completely coated.
  • the fire bar element is coated at the locations that are exposed to flames or radiant heat in the event of a fire.
  • Such a coating may be single or multi-layered.
  • this coating of the fire-blocking element helps to prevent or at least temporarily delay heating thereof.
  • mineral and / or organic coatings These coatings may contain flame retardants and / or intumescent constituents or are already fire retardant as such. It is also possible that these coatings, even on the basis of their heat capacity, produce the desired reduced heating of the fire bar element.
  • the front is bounded up and down by the top and bottom of the front.
  • the upper end is in generic use, the highest point of the front and the front inner wall.
  • Under the underside of the fire lock element is to be understood in the context of the invention, that surface or side, which faces in conventional horizontal attachment of the fire lock element of the lower bearing surface of the fire in the thermal insulation composite system or this represents. It is limited in its dimensions by the lower end of the front side and by the adjoining façade side laterally.
  • the underside is substantially flat and, when used in general, has a substantially horizontal average orientation, wherein the substantially flat underside may nevertheless be structured.
  • the description of the boundary surfaces of the fire bolt element with facade side, front and bottom generally does not exclude that these surfaces or pages themselves can be structured in itself or are.
  • the front side in the expansion direction to the facade side or the two-dimensional plane joins a recess in the form of a depression or omission.
  • Recess is the generic term for omission and depression in the present document.
  • an omission is to be understood as meaning a recess which has no facade-side inner wall.
  • the recess, in particular trough-shaped depression should differ from the described deletion in that the corresponding recess has a facade-side inner wall.
  • the front inner wall of the recess or omission extends to the lowest point of the recess.
  • the façade-side inner wall or, in the case of omission, the façade side or, in the case of recessing as well as omission adjoins this front-side inner wall, if appropriate, in particular essentially horizontal, collecting tray.
  • Horizontal in the sense of the present invention is orthogonal to the two-dimensional plane.
  • essentially horizontal means that the average orientation does not deviate more than 10 °, preferably not more than 5 °, from the orientation orthogonal to the two-dimensional plane.
  • the inner wall is at least partially substantially vertical.
  • Vertical means in the sense of the present invention parallel to the two-dimensional plane.
  • essentially vertical means that the average orientation does not deviate more than 10 °, preferably not more than 5 °, from the orientation of the two-dimensional plane.
  • the front-side inner wall preferably extends from the upper end to a substantially horizontal collecting base or to the façade side or to the inner side of the façade, the inner wall having an average height of at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm and particularly preferably at least 15 cm.
  • the recess as well as the omission can thus have different cross-sectional shapes.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the recess may be V-shaped, square, rectangular, trapezoidal (i.e., undercut), circular cut, or otherwise configured in cross-section.
  • the omission may be L-shaped, for example. But other variants for the omission are conceivable, with preferred embodiments can be derived from the wells described above, by the facade side inner wall is removed.
  • the fire bar element is circumscribed by the facade side, front and bottom and by the recess or omission, wherein the depression or omission of the upper end of the front side adjoins the facade and is bounded on the other side by the facade side.
  • the depression or omission on one side or possibly also on both sides may comprise a more or less wide edge region and / or collecting base.
  • the depression or omission is separated by a collecting bottom layer from the bottom, wherein said layer is preferably at any point thinner than 1 cm, in particular 5 cm, and most preferably at any point thinner than 10 cm. Due to the sufficient thickness of the material layer in combination with the preferably low thermal conductivity of the material of the fire bolt element is a good insulation against fire located under the fire element or fire guaranteed. Preferably, said material layer does not differ substantially in composition from the remaining material of the firestar.
  • a height difference between two points is to be distinguished from the distance between two points, if the two points are not arranged vertically one above the other.
  • the height is determined in each case in a cross-section, orthogonal to the two-dimensional plane, of the fire bolt element or of the firestar, parallel to the two-dimensional plane (vertical). If the height or the corresponding height difference is used, for example, between the upper and the lower end of the front, this always means the mean height or height difference over the entire length of the fire lock element.
  • Distances between predominantly or entirely substantially horizontal surfaces are also measured vertically. Distances between predominantly or entirely substantially vertical surfaces, however, are determined horizontally.
  • the mean distance means in particular the average distance over the entire length of the fire-locking element.
  • the fire bolt elements are substantially uniformly configured over their entire length, so that, for example, the local height or height difference of a cross section corresponds approximately to the mean height or height difference over the entire length.
  • a stepped structure in which the distance to the two-dimensional plane in the direction of the upper end of the front side gradually decreases.
  • two angularly, in particular orthogonally, mutually arranged surfaces form a stepped structure only if at least one of these surfaces is adjoined by a third surface discontinuously at an angle, for example a third surface with a generic use of a substantially horizontal or substantially vertical tilt.
  • a stepped structure comprises at least three surfaces, which are preferably connected at an angle of 30 ° to 175 °.
  • stepped structure with deformed, ie not flat surfaces possible. Stepped structures can, for example, by discontinuous transitions between arched surfaces are formed. Also, if the transition between the surfaces is continuous, it is usually a continuously decreasing distance, as described below. However, mixed forms with continuous and discontinuous transitions are also provided.
  • each step is subdivided into a step shoulder, which is substantially vertical in generic usage, and a step attachment which is essentially horizontal, preferably in the case of generic use.
  • steps are stairs.
  • the stepped shoulder or stepped attachment of a first stage can have the upper end of the front side, while a second stage adjoins this first stage.
  • Said steps may in a preferred embodiment be composed of alternately substantially horizontal and substantially vertical surfaces.
  • the front side has a graduated decreasing distance in at least one first section, wherein at least one, in particular essentially horizontal, step attachment or one, in particular substantially vertical, stepped shoulder and / or a stepped structure up to the extends the upper end. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the invention, from the upper end of the front side first a stepped shoulder, then a step attachment and finally subsequently a stepped shoulder extend. Alternatively, it is possible that from the upper end of the front only a step attachment then a step paragraph and finally then a step attachment extends.
  • molten and / or combustible material which falls from the front of the upper end of the front of the fire bar or the fire lock element and this is not in the Deepening or omission passes away from the facade.
  • particularly preferred are also stepped structures which on average describe the inclination of a surface.
  • a continuously decreasing distance to the two-dimensional plane towards the upper end of the front fulfills a similar function.
  • the material is kept away from the depression or omission.
  • Embodiments which have both stepped and continuous sections are also preferred.
  • the fire bolt element at the top of a first stage, to which a second stage connects which has a more or less inclined surface instead of a horizontal surface.
  • Particularly preferred embodiments are those in which said continuously decreasing upward distance adjoins the upper end of the front side, wherein the continuously increasing the upward decreasing distance associated surface preferably has a substantially concave or convex curvature or is flat.
  • Embodiments which, when used in general, have substantially vertical subsections of the front side, are preferred. Also suitable are embodiments in which, in general use, the front side has at least one section with a gradient of 3 to 90%, preferably 5 to 60% and in particular 10 to 50%. Proper inclination ensures that the material drains off. Flat inclinations ensure that an area is provided on which falling material can hit.
  • the stepped structure is formed by at least a portion of a delimiting strip.
  • boundary strip in the form of an obstacle prevents particularly effective way that burning material overcomes the upper end of the front and falls into the depression.
  • the boundary strip is made of another, in particular thermally conductive, material than the remaining material of the fire-locking element.
  • a boundary strip has a longitudinal extent (strip length) in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the fire bar element and a strip height and a strip thickness, wherein the average strip thickness is preferably smaller than the mean strip height of the fire bar, in particular at least three times smaller.
  • the average strip length preferably corresponds to the average length of the fire bar element.
  • the average strip thickness of the delimiting strip at the upper end of the front side is greater than 0.1 cm, in particular greater than 0.2 cm and particularly preferably greater than 0.3 cm.
  • the average strip thickness of the delimiting strip is less than 2 cm, preferably less than 1.5 cm and particularly preferably less than 1.0 cm and / or the mean strip height is greater than 2 cm, preferably greater than 6 cm and particularly preferably greater than 10 cm.
  • the boundary strip has a constant strip thickness over the entire strip length and in particular also the strip thickness. The dimensions of the boundary strip on the one hand cause heat in the event of fire is well dissipated and the boundary strip is stable for a sufficient period of time and on the other hand, that the material consumption of the often expensive heat conductor is not too high and the insulation of the thermal insulation facade is not reduced too much. Due to said strip thickness, the boundary strip in corresponding embodiments can also form a first step in the sense of the invention.
  • the boundary strip tapers in the direction of the upper end of the front side. It is conceivable that the boundary strip does not form a step, but only has a continuously decreasing in the direction of the upper end of the front side distance according to the invention.
  • An upwardly tapering boundary strip is advantageous because no burning material comes to rest on the boundary strip.
  • the boundary strip can be connected to the rest of the material of the fire-locking element by being attached, in particular by gluing, fixed on the remaining material or poured into the material of the fire-locking element.
  • a partial section of the delimiting strip is exposed on the front and on the facade side, wherein the partial section exposed on both sides preferably has a height of at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, particularly preferably 4 cm and in further expedient configurations also at least 8 cm.
  • the upper end of the front is part of the boundary strip and separates the exposed facade side surface of the delimiting strip, which is attributable to the inner wall, from the opposite, exposed surface of the delimiting strip, which is attributable to the front.
  • the exposed part ensures a barrier between the front and the recess or omission.
  • the dimensions of the delimiting strip cause heat to be well dissipated in case of fire and, on the other hand, the material consumption of the often expensive heat conductor is not too high and the insulation of the thermal insulation facade is not reduced too much.
  • Said material of the delimiting strip which preferably does not correspond to the remaining material of the firestop, is preferably a thermally conductive material, in particular more thermally conductive than the material of the fireblock element.
  • Particularly suitable for the material of the delimiter strip is recourse to metals or metal alloys.
  • the thermal conductivity of the delimiting strip is preferably greater than 0.1 W / (m * K), in particular greater than 2 W / (m * K) and particularly preferably greater than 5 W / (m * K). Heat conductors with a thermal conductivity of more than 15 W / (m * K) or 25 W / (m * K) are very particularly preferred.
  • the materials used or material mixtures of the fire bar are not flammable according to DIN EN 13501-1.
  • the regularly low thermal conductivity prevents the fire bar from disproportionately affecting the efficiency of the rest of the thermal insulation facade. Also, in case of fire, the depression or omission is better isolated.
  • said thermal conductivity is in the range of 0.001 to 0.3 W / (m * K) and preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.15 W / (m * K).
  • the low thermal conductivity prevents the fire bar from disproportionately affecting the efficiency of the rest of the thermal insulation facade.
  • the fire bar element is at least partially, in particular predominantly or completely, made of a material which is non-combustible, non-melting and dimensionally stable at 550 ° C, preferably 800 ° C and particularly preferably 1000 ° C.
  • the fire barrier element is dimensionally stable even at room temperature (i.e., 25 ° C).
  • the fire barrier element itself comprises - apart from the boundary strip - at least partially, preferably predominantly or completely, a material which is selected from the group consisting of mineral wool, in particular in the form of mineral wool lamella strips or mineral wool strip, Duroplasothartaumaum, in particular rigid polyurethane foam (PUR foam), polyisocyanurate rigid foam (PIR foam) and / or phenolic rigid foam (PF foam), mineral foam, in particular water glass, phosphate-bonded, autoclave hardened, hydraulically curing and / or hydratherming mineral foam, composites of silicates and foamed Styrene polymers or mixtures thereof.
  • Said material preferably has usually a low thermal conductivity and also a very low flammability.
  • the average orientation of the boundary strip is preferably substantially vertical in generic usage.
  • the average orientation of the delimiting strip does not deviate more than 45 °, preferably not more than 25 °, from the orientation of the two-dimensional plane.
  • the boundary strip may be formed in an expedient embodiment as an extension of the inner wall, for example, in one piece or as a separate component, for example, attached directly to this inner wall. Furthermore, the boundary strip can be mounted as a separate element also spaced from the inner wall in the direction of the front side, for example at a distance of more than 0.3 mm. Suitable distances are for example in the range of 0.5 to 3 cm.
  • the thermal conductivity of the boundary strip effectively dissipates energy. As a result, burning material coming in contact with the boundary strip is cooled down. In addition, high local temperatures are avoided on the inner wall of the omission or depression. Both regularly prevent in a particularly efficient way that the material can ignite within the depression or the omission. If, however, inflammation does occur in isolated cases, a controlled burn-off takes place at most, which is itself not suitable for contributing to a further spread of the fire.
  • the boundary strip also impedes the oxygen supply in the omission or depression, which additionally makes inflammation and / or the emergence of an uncontrolled fire more difficult.
  • There is a wall area between the inner wall and the front side said wall area preferably tapering in the direction of the upper end of the front side.
  • the fire lock element it has proved to be particularly favorable when the average distance between the inner wall and the opposite portion of the front, in particular in the upper region, 5 to 80%, preferably 10 to 70% and particularly preferably 20 to 60% of the average distance of the said portion of the front to the two-dimensional plane, wherein the average distances are determined orthogonal to the two-dimensional plane.
  • the mean distance of the inner wall from the two-dimensional plane is at least 5 cm, in particular at least 7 cm and particularly preferably at least 8 cm.
  • the average distance of the inner wall from the opposite section of the front side is preferably at least 5 cm, in particular at least 8 cm and very particularly preferably at least 10 cm.
  • the average distance of the upper end of the front side to the two-dimensional plane is 10% to 90%, preferably 20% to 80% and particularly preferably at least 30 to 70% of the mean distance of the lower end of the front side to the two-dimensional plane the distances orthogonal to two-dimensional level can be determined.
  • the mean distance of the upper end is preferably at least 5 cm, in particular at least 7 cm and particularly preferably at least 9 cm from the two-dimensional plane.
  • the maximum depth of the omission or depression i. the average height difference between the upper end of the front and the lowest point of the omission or depression, 10 to 90%, preferably 15 to 80% and particularly preferably 20 to 70% of the mean height difference between the lower and upper end of the front is and / or that mean distance between the upper end and lower end of the front side is greater than the average distance of the upper end to the maximum of this remote area of the omission or depression.
  • the maximum depth or minimum height of the omission or depression is preferably at least 5 cm, in particular at least 10 cm and especially preferably at least 15 cm.
  • the maximum horizontal distance between the facade side and the two-dimensional plane, the thickness of the fire bolt element and the height difference between the uppermost point of the fire bolt element, in particular the upper end of the front side and the lowest point of the bottom reflect the height of the fire bolt element, the latter being determined vertically as described above.
  • the heights and thicknesses of a cross section of the fire bolt element thus correspond to the maximum extent parallel or orthogonal to the two-dimensional plane.
  • the height is greater than the thickness.
  • the height may, for example, be in the range of 10 to 60 cm or 20 to 50 cm, in particular if the thickness of the firestop is in the range of 20 to 60 cm, for example about 20 cm.
  • the thickness of the fire bars correspond regularly with the thickness of the insulating layers, which are separated from the fire bars within an insulated facade.
  • the length of the fire bar element i. the distance between the opposite side walls thereof, between which the underside, the facade and the front side extend, may be greater than, equal to or less than the height or the thickness of the fire bolt element. It has proved expedient to resort to such fire bolt elements, in which the length of this fire bolt element is greater, in particular by a multiple is greater than the thickness or in particular height of the same.
  • the length of easily manageable fire bar elements in the range of 0.4 m to 1.2 m.
  • the recess or omission extends over the entire length of the fire bolt element. This has the advantage that over the entire length of the spread of a fire is effectively prevented.
  • the front side is aligned substantially vertically in a partial region, preferably in a lower partial region, which comprises at least 5%, preferably 25% and in particular preferably at least 50%, and / or the underside represents at least sections, preferably completely, a substantially planar surface which is substantially horizontally aligned.
  • This is advantageous. Said underside can be inserted so better in the facade. It is also conceivable to use the said area for applying a plaster.
  • the recess has a facade-side inner wall.
  • the recess in the generic use of the fire bar preferably front side can be limited, if the inner wall has a lower height than the upper end of the front. In principle, the inner wall may be higher than, lower than or equal to the upper end of the front. The latter two variants represent preferred embodiments.
  • the omission is preferably limited in the generic use of the firestop on the facade side by a building wall.
  • a groove is formed along the longitudinal side of the fire bar, which is suitable and designed for collecting molten facade material.
  • the facade side is increased, so that a better fixation of the bolt in case of fire is possible.
  • the omission or depression is at least partially, in particular substantially completely, filled with at least one heat-shrinkable material, in particular foamed styrene polymer, which preferably has a maximum heat conduction of 0.060 W / mK.
  • the depression or omission unlike the fire barrier element itself, is filled with a heat-shrinkable material and the overall component thereby forms a square or rectangular cross-sectional area, there is still an omission or depression within the meaning of the invention. Because as soon as the fire occurs, the omission or depression is released and can thus fulfill their effect.
  • the above measures improve the insulation and still ensure that the omission or recess is available in case of fire.
  • the stability of the facade insulation is also increased. It can be provided that rests on the heat-shrinkable material, a non-flammable or only flammable layer, which has a greater thermal conductivity than the heat-shrinkable material.
  • the depression or the omission is filled with a styrene polymer with pronounced heat shrinkage, a possible convection in the integrated in a composite thermal insulation system omission or depression can be prevented and the thermal insulation of the bolt can be further improved. If a primary firing takes place in front of the unpainted façade, this fitting piece shrinks and / or melts directly into the recess or depression, so that the desired catch basin automatically forms before and while molten foamed insulating materials such as styrene polymers are removed from the overlying insulating material or foam Polystyrene foam drips off.
  • a fire bar which is sometimes referred to as a rotating, preferably horizontally encircling, fire bars.
  • fire bars that extend along the length of a building, not carried out in one piece, but from a variety of individual Brandriegelianon formed.
  • individual fire bolt elements can also be used, for example, to be mounted only above a building opening or a fall.
  • Fire bar elements or fire bars which, preferably horizontally, are arranged in the region above falls, in particular door and / or window lintels, or above building openings, in particular door and / or window openings, are preferred. In such cases, for the sake of simplicity, one also regularly speaks of the presence of a bolt.
  • the fire bar is preferably a circulating fire bar.
  • fire bolt elements and fire bars can also be installed at an angle, they are preferably installed substantially horizontally.
  • the fire bar or the fire bar element are often heated by the fire from below.
  • a, in particular mineral, coating By applying such a coating, a cooling effect can be achieved.
  • the height of the fire bar can be made smaller. This creates a greater freedom of design.
  • the fire-locking element has a, in particular mineral or organic, coating, preferably on the front side and / or the top and / or the bottom and / or on a portion or the entire region of the depression or omission.
  • the use according to claim 14 of the above-described fire bars or fire bar elements is the subject of the present invention.
  • the arrangement, preferably horizontal arrangement, of at least one fire bar element or at least one fire bar in the area above falls, especially door and / or lintels, or above building openings, in particular door and / or window openings.
  • the fire bar element or the fire bar also provides one, in particular substantially continuous, interruption of a facade insulation comprising or consisting of foamed styrene polymers.
  • Particular preference is also the use of the fire bolt element or the fire bar for obstructing or obstructing a cross-floor fire propagation in the insulating layer of thermal insulation systems comprising or consisting of foamed styrene polymers.
  • thermal insulation systems according to claim 16 insulating materials, in particular foamed or extruded styrene polymers or foamed polyurethanes, for a building facade and at least one fire bolt element or a fire bar, subject of the invention.
  • Building facades comprising at least one fire bolt element or at least one fire bar or the thermal insulation composite system described above, are the subject of the invention.
  • the fire lock element or the fire bar thereby represent a horizontal fire barrier.
  • Particularly preferred are building facades in which these comprise at least one building exterior wall and the fire bolt element or the fire bar on its facade side directly or indirectly to this building exterior wall by means of at least one mineral adhesive and / or organic adhesive , and / or by means of dowels or a rail construction is attached.
  • the fire bar is attached substantially continuously to the building.
  • the fire bar element is based on the surprising finding that, in the event of fire, liquefied material of the facade usually runs down or drips or falls down very close to the facade. In contrast, burning material usually drips or drips away from the façade.
  • the fire bar element can surprisingly be used selectively to separate burning material from the material which runs down the facade. It is advantageous that, in particular despite the apparently uncontrollable conditions of a facade fire, a targeted separation of said burning and molten materials can be achieved.
  • the molten material that drips from the facade is now no longer available as a fuel and is basically just as ineffective as a fire-resistant material that dissolves from the facade.
  • the Fire barrier elements also prevent them from being supplied with a sufficient amount of energy in the form of heat energy.
  • the molten material caught in it does not ignite anymore. Material that still gets burning into the recess or omission of the fire bolt element extinguished there as a rule.
  • the fire barrier element ensures that the molten material trapped in the recess or outlet is no longer able to promote fire propagation. In this way, an essential part of the runaway or falling or dripping material can be withdrawn from the fire, so that the fire is less severe fuel shortage or completely extinguished.
  • FIG. 1 f shows a variant of a fire lock element according to the invention
  • FIGS. 1 a) to e) and g) show different variants of fire bar elements, with a facade side 1 (first side), a front side 2 (second side), a bottom side 3 (third side) and a surface of the depression or omission 4.
  • the front side 2 is through the upper end 5 and the lower end 6 limited.
  • the inner wall 11 of a recess 9 connects in the form of a depression or omission.
  • the facade side 1 can be a rectified two-dimensional plane 8 assign.
  • a horizontal collecting tray 7 is shown.
  • FIGS. 1 a) to 1 c) show embodiments without gradations with an upper portion in which a continuously decreasing distance to the two-dimensional plane 8 towards the upper end 5 of the front side 2 is observed.
  • FIGS. 1 a) and d) each represent a recess 9 in the form of an omission
  • FIGS. 1 b) and 1 c) and e) to g) each show a recess 9 in the form of a depression.
  • FIG. 1 a) and 1 b) on the front side in each case comprises an edge and a continuously decreasing distance to plane 8 in the direction of the upper end 2, the transition to the vertical section is at FIG. 1c) continuous throughout.
  • FIG. 1 a) and 1 b) on the front side in each case comprises an edge and a continuously decreasing distance to plane 8 in the direction of the upper end 2, the transition to the vertical section is at FIG. 1c) continuous throughout.
  • FIG. 1 a) and 1 b) on the front side in each case comprises an edge and
  • FIG. 1 d) also has front-side portions with continuously decreasing distances to the two-dimensional plane 8 in the direction of the upper end 5 of the front side 2, wherein the front side 2 is additionally stepped.
  • FIG. 1 e) does not have a continuously decreasing distance to the two-dimensional plane 8 in the direction of the upper end 5 of the front side 2. The distance decreases gradually, wherein the upper end 5 is part of the boundary strip 13 and this limited upwards.
  • the protruding over the surrounding material portion of the delimiter strip 13 can also be understood as a stepped paragraph, which is followed by the horizontal portion of the front as a step attachment.
  • FIG. 1 f shows a boundary strip 13, to which a surface with a continuously increasing distance to the two-dimensional plane in the direction of the lower end 6 of the front side 2 connects.
  • the front area of the limiting strip 13 and its upper edge together with said surface form the front side 2, which ends with the upper end 5.
  • FIG. 1 g) shows a modification of the fire lock element according to FIG.
  • the boundary strip 13 is not formed in the sense of an immediate extension of the inner migration 11, but offset and further away from the facade side in the horizontal surface of the front wall in the illustrated embodiment is partially embedded.
  • This can be done, for example, by inserting the boundary strip into the material of the front wall.
  • These sections may be glued to the front wall, for example.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross section of a firing bar of thickness B and the height H.
  • the lower end 6 of the front side 2 has a distance A1 from the upper end 5 of the front side 2 and a horizontal distance A3 from the two-dimensional plane 8.
  • the inner wall 11 of the recess 9 in the form of an omission has a distance A6 from the front side 2, wherein the average distance between the inner wall 11 and the opposite portion of the front side 2 is slightly less, since it is determined over the entire length A7 of the inner wall 11 and this tapers in the direction of the upper end 5.
  • the upper end 5 of the front side 2 has a distance A4 from the two-dimensional plane 8.
  • the mean distance A1 between the upper end 5 and lower end 6 of the front side 2 is greater than the average distance A2 of the upper end 5 of the front side 2 to the maximum of this remote area of omission or depression.
  • the average distance A4 of the upper end 5 of the front 2 to the two-dimensional plane 8 in the present case is about 55% of the average distance A3 of the lower end 6 of the front side 2 to the two-dimensional plane 8.
  • the maximum depth A7 (in this particular embodiment also the length of the inner wall) of the omission ie the average height difference between upper End 5 of the front 2 and the lowest point of the omission or depression, in the exemplary embodiment about 75% of the average height difference (A7 + A8) between the lower and upper end 5 of the front page 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows the perspective views of a longitudinal fire lock element.
  • the length L can be recognized. Although this is not immediately apparent due to the perspective distortion, in the present case the length L is twice as large as the height of the firing bar. The thickness is about half the height. The numbering was analogous to the preceding figures.
  • FIG. 4 a shows the schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a building facade 17 with a fire lock element 14 according to FIG. 3
  • the insulation material or thermal insulation system 15 for example made of EPS rigid foam boards, a Wännedämmletonade.
  • These can, as well as the fire bar element 14, are connected by means of an adhesive 18 to the building wall 16.
  • This may be a mineral adhesive.
  • the building wall side of the fire bolt element is connected to the building wall 16 over its full area with the aid of the adhesive 18.
  • the foamed insulation material directly adjoins both the underside 3 and a partial region of the front side 2 in order to avoid thermal bridges.
  • a heat-shrinkable material in particular foamed styrene polymer containing.
  • FIG. 4 b shows the schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a building facade 17 with a fire-locking element 14, which has a boundary strip 13.
  • the boundary strip is incorporated into the insulating material or thermal insulation composite system.
  • the boundary strip 13 prevents material that falls on the front side 2, in the recess 9 in the form of an omission arrives.
  • the second stage is formed by the remaining material of the fire bolt element.
  • FIG. 5 shows a building facade 17 in case of fire.
  • the fire-melted thermal insulation material located above the fire barrier element 14 is dropped in molten form either along the path 20 on the facade into the recess 9 in the form of an omission so as to form a cooling melt 19, or a lesser part, passes over the path 21 on an oblique portion of the front side 2.
  • the material dripped into the recess 9 in the form of an omission is protected from a primary fire, which originates, for example, from a building opening present below the fire bolt element 14. Due to the inclination of the upper portion of the front side 2, the burning material is led away on the way 20 of the omission.
  • melt includes any molten or fused and / or molten insulating material 19.
  • building fire facades which are equipped with thermal insulation composite systems based on foamed insulation materials, in particular styrene polymers such as polystyrene, can be effectively protected against fire propagation or such fire propagation can be significantly prevented with the fire bolt elements or the fire bolts formed therefrom Scope pushed back, ie be hampered if the thermal insulation system still has no plaster coating.
  • foamed insulation materials in particular styrene polymers such as polystyrene
  • a system which allows melting material of an insulating facade to be removed from the fire or supplied to a controlled burn-off, so that fire expansion can no longer take place.
  • the function of the bolt goes beyond the prevention of the formation of a fireplace far out.
  • molten material is becoming more efficient and effective Separate manner from the melt, so that the melt can cool and is not available as a fuel or at best burns controlled, without itself still be able to cause a fire or expansion. This is achieved by preventing said burning material from overcoming the edge of the depression. Further, this is accomplished by isolating the region of the depression from an underlying fire. Also, the oxygen supply through the inner wall and the raised upper end of the front side is effectively cut off.

Claims (17)

  1. Élément pare-feu (14) avec
    un premier côté ou côté de façade (1) pouvant être posé du côté de la façade,
    le premier côté ou côté de façade (1) ayant une orientation moyenne, à laquelle un plan bidimensionnel de même orientation (8) peut être attribué,
    un deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2), avec une extrémité supérieure et une extrémité inférieure (6), le deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) s'étendant de l'extrémité inférieure (6) à l'extrémité supérieure (5), la section du deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) et/ou la totalité du deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) faisant face au premier côté ou côté de façade (1) étant orientées de façon opposée au premier côté ou côté de façade (1),
    un troisième côté inférieur ou côté de dessous (3) faisant face à l'extrémité supérieure (5) et adjacent à l'extrémité inférieure (6),
    un évidement ou cavité (4) adjacent à l'extrémité supérieure (5) du côté de la façade avec une paroi intérieure (11) délimitante du côté frontal, la paroi intérieure (11) étant limitée par l'extrémité supérieure (5) du deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) présente au moins par section un espace décroissant continûment et/ou graduellement vers le plan bidimensionnel (8) en direction de l'extrémité supérieure (5),
    ledit espace étant déterminé de façon orthogonal à partir du premier côté ou côté frontal (1),
    et l'élément pare-feu présentant une bande de délimitation supplémentaire (13), l'extrémité supérieure (5) faisant partie de la bande de délimitation (13), soit : a) le deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) présentant, dans une première section, un espace décroissant graduellement, la structure échelonnée s'étendant jusqu'à l'extrémité supérieure (5), laquelle est formée par au moins une section partielle de la bande de délimitation (13), soit b) le côté frontal présentant, dans une première section, un espace décroissant de façon continue, cette première section s'étendant jusqu'à l'extrémité supérieure,
    soit c) la bande de délimitation (13) s'amincissant en direction de l'extrémité supérieure (5) du deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2),
    la bande de délimitation (13) étant fabriquée dans un autre matériau que le reste de l'élément pare-feu (14), laquelle forme une barrière entre la cavité ou évidement (4) et le deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2), et ce matériau présentant une conductivité thermique plus élevée que le reste du matériau de l'élément pare-feu (14).
  2. Élément pare-feu selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première section présentant un espace décroissant de façon continue s'étendant jusqu'à l'extrémité supérieure présente un bombement concave ou convexe ou est essentiellement plate.
  3. Élément pare-feu (14) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) présente un espace décroissant graduellement dans au moins une première section, au moins un chapeau de marche ou un épaulement de marche et/ou la structure échelonnée s'étendant jusqu'à l'extrémité supérieure (5).
  4. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    l'extrémité supérieure (5) fait partie d'une section de la bande de délimitation (13) dégagée des deux côtés.
  5. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    la bande de délimitation (13) comprend un métal ou un alliage métallique.
  6. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bande de délimitation (13) présente une conductivité thermique supérieure à 0,1 W/(m.K), en particulier supérieure à 5 W/(m.K), et en particulier de préférence supérieure à 15 W/(m.K).
  7. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'
    une zone partielle de la bande de délimitation (13) s'étendant jusqu'à l'extrémité supérieure (5) n'est pas entourée par le matériau de l'élément pare-feu (14) du côté frontal et du côté de la façade, c'est-à-dire des deux côtés, ladite zone partielle présentant une hauteur d'au moins 1 cm, de préférence d'au moins 2 cm et en particulier de préférence d'au moins 4 cm, et/ou l'orientation moyenne de ladite zone partielle, en particulier de la totalité de la bande de délimitation, ne différant pas de plus de 45°, de préférence 25°, de l'orientation du plan bidimensionnel (8).
  8. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que,
    entre la paroi intérieure (11) et le deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) se trouve une zone de paroi (10), laquelle s'amincit en direction de l'extrémité supérieure (5), et/ou une bande de délimitation (13), laquelle s'amincit en direction de l'extrémité supérieure (5).
  9. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    l'espace moyen entre la paroi intérieure (11) et la section opposée du deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2), en particulier dans la zone supérieure, est de 5 à 80%, de préférence de 10 à 70% et en particulier de préférence de 20 à 60% de l'espace moyen de ladite section du deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) vers le plan bidimensionnel (8), et/ou en ce que l'espace moyen de l'extrémité supérieure (5) vers le plan bidimensionnel (8) s'élève à 10 à 90%, de préférence à de 20 à 80% et en particulier de préférence d'au moins de 30 à 70% de l'espace moyen de l'extrémité inférieure (6) vers le plan bidimensionnel (8), et/ou
    en ce que la profondeur maximale de l'évidement ou cavité (4), c'est-à-dire la différence de hauteur moyenne entre l'extrémité supérieure et le point le plus bas de l'évidement ou cavité (4) est de 10 à 90%, de préférence de 15 à 80% et en particulier de préférence de 20 à 70% de la différence de hauteur moyenne entre l'extrémité inférieure et l'extrémité supérieure (5), et/ou
    en ce que l'espace moyen entre l'extrémité supérieure et l'extrémité inférieure est supérieur à l'espace moyen entre l'extrémité supérieure (5) et la zone de l'évidement ou cavité (4) présentant un éloignement maximal de celle-ci.
  10. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    celui-ci présente une extension longitudinale avec une longueur, laquelle est supérieure à son épaisseur et/ou sa largeur, de préférence au moins le double de l'épaisseur et/ou de la largeur de l'élément pare-feu (14) et au en ce que l'élément pare-feu (14) est essentiellement uniforme le long de son extension longitudinale.
  11. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément pare-feu (14) présente un revêtement, en particulier minéral ou organique, de préférence sur le deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) et/ou sur le côté supérieur et/ou le troisième côté ou côté de dessous (3) et/ou sur une zone partielle ou la totalité de la zone de la cavité ou évidement (4).
  12. Élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    le deuxième côté ou côté frontal (2) présente au moins une section essentiellement verticale et/ou en ce que le troisième côté ou côté de dessous (3) présente une orientation moyenne essentiellement horizontale.
  13. Pare-feu, de préférence avec orientation essentiellement horizontale, comprenant au moins deux ou une pluralité d'éléments pare-feu (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  14. Utilisation de l'élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 ou du pare-feu selon la revendication 13 comme coupe-feu incliné ou horizontal dans des systèmes composites d'isolation thermique (15) pour façades de bâtiments (17).
  15. Utilisation selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que l'élément pare-feu (14) ou le pare-feu est disposé comme coupe-feu incliné ou horizontal dans la zone située au-dessus de linteaux, en particulier de linteaux de portes et/ou de fenêtres, ou au-dessus d'ouvertures de bâtiments, en particulier d'ouvertures de portes et/ou de fenêtres.
  16. Système composite d'isolation thermique (15) comprenant des matériaux isolants expansés, en particulier des polymères de styrène expansés ou extrudés, pour une façade de bâtiment (17), et au moins un élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 ou un coupe-feu selon la revendication 13.
  17. Façade de bâtiment (17), comprenant au moins un élément pare-feu (14) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 ou au moins un pare-feu selon la revendication 13 ou un système composite d'isolation thermique (15) selon la revendication 16, celle-ci comprenant une paroi de bâtiment extérieure (16) et/ou en ce que l'élément pare-feu (14) ou le pare-feu est fixé par son premier côté ou côté de façade (1) directement ou indirectement à une façade au moyen d'au moins une colle minérale (18) et/ou d'une colle organique (18) et/ou au moyen de chevilles ou d'une construction avec rail.
EP14193899.3A 2014-11-19 2014-11-19 Élément pare-feu et pare-feu constitué d'éléments pare-feu Not-in-force EP3023556B1 (fr)

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DE19643618C5 (de) 1996-10-22 2006-03-16 Sto Ag Wärmedämmverbundsystem
CH697409B1 (de) * 2005-06-06 2008-09-30 Swisspor Man Ag Hinterlüftete wärmegedämmte Gebäudefassade.
JP2007120252A (ja) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-17 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 耐火外断熱構造及びその工法
CH698647B1 (de) 2006-05-22 2009-09-30 Stahlton Bauteile Ag Bauelement für ein Wärmedämmverbundsystem.
DE102007034112A1 (de) 2007-07-21 2009-01-22 Irrgeher, Karin Brandschutzelement sowie Gebäude-Wärmedämmanordnung
AT506103B1 (de) 2007-12-14 2009-11-15 Sunpor Kunststoff Gmbh Brandschutzriegel und mit demselben gebildeter bauteil
DE202008001750U1 (de) 2008-02-07 2008-05-15 Puren Gmbh Brandschutzriegel für die Fassade
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