EP3011093A1 - Tissu lumineux comprenant des fils de verre - Google Patents
Tissu lumineux comprenant des fils de verreInfo
- Publication number
- EP3011093A1 EP3011093A1 EP14736892.2A EP14736892A EP3011093A1 EP 3011093 A1 EP3011093 A1 EP 3011093A1 EP 14736892 A EP14736892 A EP 14736892A EP 3011093 A1 EP3011093 A1 EP 3011093A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- luminous
- yarns
- coating
- light
- fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
- D03D1/0088—Fabrics having an electronic function
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
- D03D15/267—Glass
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/41—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific twist
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/547—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads with optical functions other than colour, e.g. comprising light-emitting fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/20—Physical properties optical
Definitions
- the invention relates to a luminous fabric comprising a woven textile support.
- the term "woven fabric support” means a sheet consisting of directionally distributed fiber-based yarns obtained by weaving or knitting.
- the weaving is the result of the intertwining, in the same plane, of threads arranged in the direction of the warp (hereinafter called warp threads) and threads arranged perpendicularly to the warp threads, in the direction of the weft ( hereinafter referred to as weft threads).
- warp threads threads arranged in the direction of the warp
- weft threads threads arranged perpendicularly to the warp threads, in the direction of the weft
- the binding obtained between these warp son and these weft son is called armor.
- the optical fibers are capable, once connected to a light source, to emit light laterally through the presence of invasive alterations along their surface.
- the binding yarns make it possible to ensure good cohesion of the entire woven textile support and to confer, depending on their nature, their size and / or their mechanical properties, particular properties of the textile support.
- binding yarn includes all yarns or fibers other than optical fibers, that is to say all yarns or fibers that do not have the property of being able to emit light laterally and therefore not directly connected or connectable to a light source.
- One of the objectives of the invention is to produce a luminous fabric having excellent lighting performance including high levels of illumination and a uniform luminance on the entire surface of the luminous tissue.
- the excellence of these performances is reflected in particular by sufficient properties to allow the use of the luminous fabric as a luminaire.
- Another object of the invention is to produce a luminous fabric exhibiting excellent behavior in fire, reaction and resistance (hereinafter fire properties), in particular to satisfy the regulatory requirements of products intended for building applications.
- the complexity of the luminous tissues makes it difficult to improve the illuminance properties without lowering the fire properties.
- the known luminous tissues corresponding to those described in the aforementioned patent applications, preferentially comprise woven textile supports with:
- binding yarns comprising polymeric synthetic fibers of organic nature, such as polyester or polyamide fibers, and
- optical fibers of organic nature are optical fibers of organic nature.
- Organic materials do not intrinsically have good fire properties. Increasing the density of optical fibers to increase the illumination is not likely to improve these properties, or even to the detriment of said properties.
- the optimization of the illumination and fire behavior properties must be obtained without harming the other properties expected for any fabric, in particular without modification of the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact resistance, tear resistance, humidity or modification of other optical properties such as opacity.
- the invention therefore relates to a luminous fabric comprising a woven textile support comprising warp yarns and weft threads selected from binding yarns and optical fibers capable of emitting light laterally, characterized in that the binding yarns comprise glass yarns representing at least 50% by weight of the total mass of the binding yarns constituting the woven textile support.
- the light fabrics described in the documents of the prior art are not limited to those comprising polymeric synthetic binder fibers of organic nature. However, these documents do not include any indication of the problems inherent in the weaving of light fabrics comprising glass son. These documents also do not include indications on how to co-weave yarns of different natures and properties. The teachings of these documents are not sufficient to make it possible to produce a luminous fabric according to the invention.
- Glass threads unlike most other textile fibers of organic nature, are not elastic and break. This causes on the one hand premature wear of the loom by abrasion and on the other hand the formation of glass debris, hard and abrasive, by friction with the tooling or with other fibers.
- the glass strands by virtue of their abrasive nature, are also capable of damaging the yarns of different nature constituting the woven textile support, in particular the yarns of organic nature that are more sensitive to abrasive wear.
- the risk of rupture or degradation of yarns of an organic nature during co-weaving with glass threads is high and detrimental. This is especially true when the yarns of organic nature are optical fibers because the lighting properties can also be altered.
- the glass strands are a priori not compatible with the step of creating invasive alterations on the optical fibers, such as sanding, because the risk of degradation of the glass son, which can go as far as breaking, is also high.
- the textile support of the invention can be woven with a high density of glass yarns and optical fibers without breaking or deterioration of said optical fibers. But above all, this woven textile support can be optically treated so as to create invasive alterations on the optical fibers by sanding without deterioration of the glass son and therefore without degradation of the fabric.
- the luminous fabric according to the invention optimized so as to be able to contain a large quantity of glass threads, has the following advantages:
- the light fabrics of the invention have good fire resistance. They are difficult to ignite, or even non-flammable according to some embodiments.
- the glass does not ignite, does not spread the flame and emits no smoke or toxic gas.
- the light fabrics of the invention have improved lighting performance.
- Glass is a material with excellent transparency to visible light.
- the use of glass threads makes it possible to avoid light losses in the light fabric and thus to increase the optical efficiency and the luminance.
- glass in its textile form diffuses light by multi-reflection and is an excellent light reflector by its naturally white appearance.
- the particular optical diffusion and reflection properties of the glass strands contribute to the increase of the illumination levels as well as the homogeneity of the luminance over the entire surface of the fabric.
- the light fabric of the invention is an ecological alternative to existing light fabrics comprising woven textile supports mainly made of plastic son. Indeed, the light fabric of the invention minimizes the use of materials from the petroleum industry. This is especially true when using optical fibers of partially or totally mineral nature, a luminous fabric is obtained whose proportions of plastic in the woven fabric support are low or even zero. Added to this is the better durability and recyclability of mineral materials compared to plastic materials.
- a set of characteristics has been correlatively optimized such as the proportions and / or the dimensions of glass binding yarns and optical fibers, the mass ratios of the weft yarns and warp yarns, binding yarns and optical fibers.
- the combination of these characteristics makes it possible to obtain a luminous fabric having improved lighting performance and fire behavior while maintaining a wearability compatible with an industrial implementation.
- the fabric according to the invention has a so-called three-dimensional structure in that it has a flat thickness.
- the fabric according to the invention comprises two faces defining two opposite main surfaces. At least one face is used as illuminating surface.
- the woven textile support comprises a single face used as illuminating surface, hereinafter surface or main illuminating surface. According to another embodiment, the woven textile support comprises two faces used as illuminating surfaces.
- the glass threads represent at least 30% of preferably at least 40%, and more preferably at least 50%, by weight of the weight of the woven fabric support.
- the mass of the woven textile support corresponds to the total mass of the weft yarns and the warp yarns, that is to say to the mass of all the binding yarns and the optical fibers.
- the luminous fabrics satisfying this characteristic may in particular have a heating value greater than 15 MJ / Kg.
- the luminous fabric comprises:
- - warp son comprising glued glass son used as bonding son.
- additional treatments having the objective of giving the luminous fabric additional functionalities are realized.
- These treatments may in particular have the function of conferring mechanical properties, reflective, diffusing, decorative, fire resistance, impact, abrasion, antifouling, leachability, antistatic or other.
- the improvement of the mechanical properties or the dimensional stability of the woven fabric support may be particularly advantageous in the case of greige fabric, that is to say of uncoated fabric or ennobled any way out of the loom.
- the luminous fabric comprising two faces of which at least one is used as illuminating surface may further comprise at least one additional coating.
- the luminous fabric comprises a flame retardant coating, preferably on one side used as the main illuminating surface.
- the combination within the same luminous fabric of the luminous textile support and the flame retardant coating further contributes to obtaining excellent fire properties.
- the luminous fabric comprises a structuring coating, preferably on one side not used as illuminating surface.
- This additional structuring coating is advantageously of white color and / or reflective and / or mainly based on mineral-type material.
- the combination within one The luminous fabric of the luminous textile support and the structuring coating further contributes to obtaining excellent lighting performance while providing good mechanical strength.
- the luminous fabric combines the above-mentioned variants.
- the woven textile supports of the invention may comprise a weave selected in particular from canvas, serge, satin or jacquard weave.
- the armor is chosen to maximize the proportion of optical fibers emerging on the face used as the main illuminating surface of the luminous tissue.
- a luminous fabric each of whose faces is used as illuminating surface, it is possible, by the choice of the armor, to modulate the level of illumination by modulating the presence of the optical fibers emerging from the one or on the other side of the luminous fabric.
- the woven textile support comprises at least one part woven according to a serge weave and even more preferably a satin weave.
- the satin weave is preferably chosen from satin weave 4, satin 6, satin 8, satin 10 and satin 12.
- the choice of a satin weave advantageously allows the weft yarn or the warp yarn to be more visible on a satin weave. faces of the woven fabric support.
- the woven fabric support comprises a woven satin weave on the face used as illuminating surface, preferably a satin weave 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or more.
- the woven fabric support comprises at least one woven part in a plain weave because this type of weave makes it possible to ensure good hold of the fabric.
- Optical fibers and binding yarns are used as warp yarns and / or as weft yarns.
- the optical fibers are preferably used as weft threads.
- the glass threads are preferably used as warp threads.
- the glass threads can also advantageously be used as weft threads and as threads of chain.
- the woven textile support comprises warp glass son son and a combination of glass son and fiber optic weft son.
- the configuration comprising the optical fibers used as weft son makes it possible to let a certain length of optical fibers pass on the sides, that is to say at the edge of the luminous textile support. This allows the subsequent connection to the lighting means or light sources.
- the configuration comprising the optical fibers used as warp threads makes it possible to obtain much greater lengths than the width of the loom allows with the optical fiber in weft yarns.
- the binding yarns constituting the woven textile support may comprise yarns or fibers other than glass yarns.
- the binding yarns may in particular comprise a combination of glass yarns and yarns of a different nature, such as yarns based on organic, metal or mineral fibers other than glass fibers.
- all the binding yarns are glass yarns, that is to say that all the yarns other than optical fibers are glass yarns.
- Suitable glass yarns according to the invention and their manufacturing process are described, for example, in "Reinforcing Glass Fibers", Engineering Techniques, Plastics Processing and Composites.
- the glass son are formed of filaments having a diameter in general between 5 and 24 ⁇ , preferably between 6 and 16 ⁇ , and better between 8 and 13 ⁇ .
- the glass threads are made from the traditional raw materials needed for the manufacture of glass such as silica, lime, alumina and magnesia.
- the glass yarns that are suitable according to the invention include in particular glass yarns E and silica yarns.
- the glass son forming the woven fabric support are present in significant amount in mass and in number.
- the binding yarns that is to say the yarns or fibers other than the optical fibers are predominantly glass yarns in mass and in number.
- the glass yarns used as bonding yarns can represent in mass relative to the total mass of the binding yarns constituting the woven textile support, by order preferably increasing, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%.
- the glass threads represent, by weight with respect to the mass of the woven fabric support, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80% or at least 90%.
- Luminous fabrics comprising at least 50% by weight of glass yarns have in particular higher heating value values lower than 15 MJ / Kg.
- the glass threads are defined by their TEX or linear density, which is a function of the diameter and the number of basic filaments constituting the thread.
- the TEX corresponds to the mass in grams of 1000 m of yarn.
- the glass strands preferably have a titer of between 2.8 to 4800 TEX, preferably a titer greater than or equal to 34 TEX, preferably ranging from 50 TEX to 800 TEX.
- the glass yarns used in warp yarn are in order of increasing preference, a titre greater than 34 Tex, between 50 and 800 Tex, between 60 and 250 TEX, between 60 and 140 TEX, between 60 and 80 TEX .
- the density of the warp yarns is at least 5, preferably at least 7 and possibly between 7 and 9 threads / cm.
- the density of warp threads can be higher.
- the density of the warp threads may be greater than or equal to 55 threads / cm when the TEX of the warp threads is small, for example between 2.8 and 60 TEX.
- the density of the glass yarns used as warp yarns is at least 5, preferably at least 7 and more preferably between 7 and 9 threads / cm.
- the glass yarns used in weft yarn have, in order of increasing preference, a titre greater than 34 TEX, between 50 and 800 TEX, between 100 and 250 TEX, between 120 and 220 TEX.
- the density of the weft yarns is, in order of increasing preference:
- the density of the glass yarns used in weft yarns is at least 5, preferably from 8 to 20 yarns / cm, and / or
- the optical fiber density in weft yarns is at least 5, preferably between 8 and 20 threads / cm.
- the TEX product of the glass yarns and the density of the glass yarn in terms of thread count per centimeter, in weft or warp, is greater than 500.
- the TEX product of the glass yarns and the density of the glass yarns in number of son per centimeter in weft is preferably greater than 900 and better still between 900 and 2500.
- the glass wires may be twisted glass wires having at least 5, at least 10, at least 15 or at least 20 twists / m.
- the glass threads are preferably previously sized at the time of their formation and can then be glued.
- the sizing is a treatment product that is applied to the surface of the glass fibers after their exit from the forming die of the glass fibers. All glass threads are generally sized.
- the sizing unlike the sizing is a treatment carried out "in recovery” that is to say after manufacture of glass son.
- the use of sized and optionally glued glass threads makes it possible to minimize friction between fibers or threads during weaving.
- the size consists in applying a sizing composition comprising at least one sizing agent.
- sizing agents reference can be made to the sizing agents described in "Reinforcing Glass Fibers", Engineering Technique, Plastics and Composite Treatments.
- the sizing consists of applying a sizing composition comprising at least one sizing agent.
- a sizing composition comprising at least one sizing agent.
- the same compositions can be used for sizing or sizing.
- each glass wire preferably used in a chain, is coated with a sheath, which covers all of its periphery.
- Bonded glass yarns especially when used as warp yarns, contribute to facilitating the increase in the density of optical fibers in the light fabric and hence the levels of illumination.
- the light fabrics according to this embodiment have optical fiber densities greater than or equal to 10 wires / cm and better than or equal to 12
- sizing agents that are suitable according to the invention, mention may be made of agents sizing based on preferably natural polysaccharides, in particular starch, starch derivatives such as carboxymethyl starch or hydroxyethyl starch ether, cellulose derivatives, in particular carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), galactomannans, or the protein derivatives. Mention may also be made of sizing agents based on entirely synthetic polymers. In this case, it is for example polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyacrylates, polyvinyl acetate or polyester. The sizing agents are deposited by impregnation on the yarns before weaving.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohols
- the glass son used in the warp are sized and comprise as sizing agents natural polysaccharides and polyvinyl alcohols.
- the total mass of sizing agents relative to the total mass of the glass son coated with said sizing agents is preferably between 0.1 and 5% and better still between 0.5 and 2.5%.
- the glass son coated with sizing agents comprise a sheath consisting of said sizing agents which covers the entire periphery of said son.
- the woven textile support comprises warp yarns comprising glued glass threads used as bonding yarns and weft yarns comprising glass yarns used as bonding yarns.
- the weft threads are preferably only sized.
- the binding yarns used as warp yarns are glued glass yarns whose proportion by weight of sizing agent relative to the weight of the yarns coated with said sizing agents is between 1 and 2.5%.
- the optical fibers may be formed of a mineral or organic material and be mono or bi-component.
- the inorganic materials are, for example, chosen from the group comprising glass, quartz and silica.
- the organic materials are, for example, chosen from the group comprising polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), cycloolefins (COP) and fluoropolymers.
- a sheath can come to cover the optical fibers to protect them.
- the optical fibers are made of two materials and have a soul covered with a sheath that can be of different nature. These structures are also called heart-bark structure.
- fibers comprising a core of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a sheath based on a fluorinated polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- optical fibers that are particularly suitable, mention may be made of single-component silica-based or bicomponent optical fibers comprising a silica core and a polymer sheath.
- This type of optical fiber of a partially or totally mineral nature makes it possible to further increase the proportion of mineral materials in the woven textile support and in particular to confer on it incomparable fire-resistance or recyclability properties.
- the woven fabric support comprises in mass relative to the mass of the woven fabric support at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% of compound of mineral nature.
- optical fibers mono or bi-components, advantageously have a diameter:
- the thickness of the sheath is between 2 and 15 ⁇ , preferably between 5 and 10 ⁇ .
- the product of the average diameter of the optical fibers in micrometer and the density of optical fibers in number of fibers per centimeter in weft or in a chain is greater than 2000, preferably greater than 4000, preferably greater than 5000 and better still greater than 6000.
- Optical fibers include invasive alterations, corresponding to notches or small slits, which allow the extraction of light at the fibers because they alter the angle of reflection of the fibers. light rays inside the fiber and lateral transmission of light to the outside of the fiber. Optical fibers thus make it possible both to convey light within their structure but also to emit light laterally. As a result, the optical fibers are able to distribute the light within the light fabric in a distributed manner and to diffuse illuminate the main surfaces of the light fabric.
- Invasive alterations can be obtained in various ways and in particular by abrasion processes such as sanding, etching or melting by means of high intensity light radiation such as a laser.
- Invasive alterations can be performed on optical fibers before or after weaving. When they are made after weaving, they can be created before or after deposition of additional coatings as defined below on the woven textile support.
- the optical fibers comprise invasive alterations obtained by sanding.
- the sanding treatment does not deteriorate the glass strands. Even more unexpectedly, this treatment makes it possible to obtain an excellent homogeneity of the luminance over the entire surface of the luminous fabric.
- the surface density or the dimension of the invasive alterations created from one zone to another of the fabric for example, to achieve homogeneous illumination of the luminous tissue, by reducing the surface density on the zones near the light sources or for deliberately obtain illumination gradients.
- the optical fibers extend outside the surface defined by the fabric corresponding to the border of the luminous tissue.
- the optical fibers may be braided or bundled in the form of bundles so as to cooperate a plurality of free ends facing one and the same light source, preferably at the edge of the light fabric.
- the optical fibers therefore comprise free ends capable of being connected or arranged facing a light source in order to transmit the light and to emit light laterally at the level of the alterations.
- a weight per unit area of between 100 to 2500 g / m 2 , 250 to 1000 g / m 2 , and / or
- the light fabric comprises one or more point light sources arranged facing at least one free end of optical fiber, preferably at the edge of the fabric.
- the fabric may comprise an extended light source arranged facing a plurality of free ends of optical fibers. This or these light sources are connected to the optical fibers.
- the optical fiber or fibers, preferably the end or ends of the optical fibers, possibly cut or braided, are connected to the light sources.
- Light sources intended to illuminate the free ends of the optical fibers may be of different types, and in particular be in the form of light-emitting diodes or of extended sources such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent tubes or discharge tubes incorporating a gas. such as neon.
- the light sources are advantageously electroluminescent diodes.
- an optical lens can be inserted between the source and the ends of the optical fibers in order to concentrate the light on said ends and to limit the light transmission losses.
- the luminous fabric according to the invention advantageously has a luminance of at least 100 Cd / m 2 , better still at least 150 Cd / m 2 and better still at least 200 Cd / m 2 .
- These luminance values are obtained when 150 optical fibers are suitably connected to a light source, for example to a light source emitting a suitable light flux.
- "luminance” is understood to mean the intensity of an extended source in a given direction, divided by the apparent area of this source in the same direction measured according to the ISO 23539: 2005 luminance standard.
- a high luminance makes it possible to obtain illumination levels sufficient for the light fabric of the invention to constitute in itself a source of illumination.
- a luminous fabric makes it possible to obtain illumination levels sufficient to ensure the luminaire function when it satisfies the recommended illuminance values (Lux) of the European standard NF EN 12464-1. lighting of workplaces.
- a luminous fabric (1 mx 1 m) connected to one or more adapted light sources, having a luminance at normal incidence, of 440 Cd / m 2 makes it possible to obtain an illumination at 2 m of 100 Lux, illumination sufficient to the lighting of a reception or lobby.
- the invention thus makes it possible to obtain luminaires that can be modulated by their shape by attributing various shapes to the luminous fabric.
- the luminous fabric may comprise an additional coating, for example reported by impregnation of the fabric (impregnated coating) or by providing a coating to the surface or surfaces of the luminous fabric (surface coating).
- the luminous fabric of the invention comprising two faces, at least one of which is used as illuminating surface, can also comprise at least one additional coating chosen from reflecting coatings, structuring coatings, flame retardant coatings which may be intumescent, coatings with good cleaning ability and diffusing coatings.
- the luminous fabric according to the invention comprises two main faces defining two opposite main surfaces.
- the two faces are not always equivalent, for example according to the chosen weave.
- the additional coating decreases, voluntarily or not, the levels of illumination that can be obtained by the light fabric, it will preferably be placed on the unused side as the main illuminating surface.
- the luminous fabric may comprise an additional coating on the side that is not used as the main illuminating surface, chosen in particular from reflecting coatings and structuring coatings.
- the use of a luminous fabric comprising a reflective coating makes it possible to increase the amount of light exiting from one side of the luminous fabric.
- the reflective coating may be an opaque, preferably white, coating deposited on one of the surfaces of the textile substrates, such as a paint.
- coatings are preferably used which make it possible both to improve the mechanical properties and the optical properties of the light fabrics.
- These coatings hereinafter referred to as structuring coatings, comprise:
- the fillers are generally inert mineral materials preferably chosen from fillers and / or pigments.
- the charges are elements of size less than 80 microns.
- the binders may be organic polymeric binders, for example chosen from polymers or copolymers of polyurethane, of poly (meth) acrylate, such as, for example, a styrene-acrylic copolymer and of polyamide, styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBR, "styrene butadiene rubber ”) and / or polymers based on polysaccharides, in particular based on starch.
- polymers or copolymers of polyurethane of poly (meth) acrylate, such as, for example, a styrene-acrylic copolymer and of polyamide, styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBR, "styrene butadiene rubber ”) and / or polymers based on polysaccharides, in particular based on starch.
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymers
- These structuring coatings are preferably obtained from a liquid or viscous solution comprising the binder, the filler and optionally a solvent or dispersant medium, applied by any conventional method of deposition including padding, dipping, drying, spraying, coating with brush, roller or knife.
- the structuring coating according to the invention may, after drying, be situated essentially on the surface of the luminous fabric or impregnate at least a part of the thickness of the luminous textile support.
- the structuring coating is a surface coating and remains mainly on the surface or surfaces of the luminous fabric. Such a coating comprises a significant proportion of filling.
- the additional structuring coating is on one side not used as illuminating surface.
- the structuring coating comprises in mass with respect to the total mass of (i) and (ii):
- the total mass of (i) and (ii) is at least 90%, at least 95% and better still at least 99% of the total mass of the structuring coating.
- a structuring coating particularly suitable according to the invention for ensuring the dimensional stability of the fabric, there may be mentioned a structuring coating comprising a preferably acrylic binder, mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate and optionally pigments.
- the coating may be obtained by applying a composition, preferably aqueous, having a high solid content, preferably greater than 65%.
- Such additional structuring coating is advantageously present in an amount of 25 to 1000 g / m 2 , preferably 50 to 250 g / m 2 , preferably at least 120 g / m 2 .
- the coating masses per unit area correspond to the mass of dry coatings, ie after removal of any solvent or dispersant media.
- the additional structuring coating may be an impregnated coating.
- a coating is obtained by applying a composition having a lower solid content.
- these coatings also have a lower mass proportion of fillers (ii) relative to the total weight of (i) and (ii). They may be applied to the face that does not serve as a main illuminating surface and / or on the face serving as the main illuminating surface.
- the purpose of these coatings is mainly to improve the mechanical strength.
- These coatings are not necessarily opaque. These coatings are not incompatible with the treatments intended to create the invasive alterations on the optical fibers and do not hinder the extraction of light. Such coatings can therefore be deposited on the woven textile support before the step of creating invasive alterations especially on the face of the light tissue directly and exposed to said treatment.
- the impregnated structuring coating may comprise in mass with respect to the total mass of (i) and (ii):
- Such additional structuring coating is advantageously present in an amount of 25 to 1000 g / m 2 , preferably 25 to 100 g / m 2 .
- These structuring coatings may also be reflective especially when they comprise reflective fillers or opacifying and non-absorbing fillers such as calcium carbonate and / or titanium dioxide.
- the structuring coating preferably comprises at least 2%, preferably at least 5% and better still at least 10% by weight of white pigments such as titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, zinc sulphate or zinc oxide relative to the total mass of the structuring coating.
- the reflective structuring coatings are preferably applied to the face which does not serve as the main illuminating surface.
- the structuring coating may then preferentially reflect the light emitted by the textile support of the selected side as illuminating face.
- the use of such a structuring coating makes it possible to obtain a gain on the luminance, that is to say that a luminous fabric comprising said coating may exhibit an increase in its luminance with respect to the same luminous tissue not comprising said coating.
- the luminous fabric may comprise an additional coating on the side used as the main illuminating surface chosen from flame-retardant coatings which may be intumescent, the coatings having a good cleaning ability and the diffusing, preferably transparent or translucent coatings.
- the luminous fabric may comprise an optionally intumescent flame retardant coating, preferably transparent, imparting fire resistance properties.
- the flame retardant coating and / or intumescent is applied at least on the face used as illuminating surface.
- “Flame-retardant coating” means a coating that provides flame-retarding properties, that is, a coating that inhibits or delays the ignition of the underlying material when it is subjected to excessive heat and / or delay the propagation of a flame in the material.
- intumescent coating is meant a coating that is expandable upon exposure to excessive heat to retard ignition of the coated article.
- the flame retardant coating comprises flame retardants for example selected from phosphorus compounds, halogenated such as oxides, hydroxides or mixtures and mineral fillers.
- the flame retardant and intumescent coating comprises intumescent agents consisting of a composition comprising at least one acid source, a carbon source and a gas source.
- the source of acid may be chosen from phosphorus and sulphated compounds.
- the source of acid comprises at least one phosphorus compound chosen from ammonium phosphates.
- the carbon source may be chosen from hydroxyl compounds, in particular polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol.
- the gas source can be chosen from nitrogen compounds, especially melamine and its derivatives, dicyandiamide or urea.
- the intumescent varnish Char17 sold by the company "IRIS Vernici" is suitable.
- the flame retardant coating is preferably present in an amount of 100 to 350 g / m 2 , preferably 150 to 250 g / m 2 .
- the thickness of the flame retardant coating is advantageously between 50 and 500 ⁇ , preferably 100 to 250 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ .
- the luminous fabric may comprise a coating having good cleaning ability. This property is for example obtained by the choice of a formulation making the coating smooth, non-porous and / or resistant to some solvents or water. It is then easy to clean the surface of the light fabric comprising said coating by simply passing a sponge.
- the luminous fabric may comprise a colored decorative coating containing pigments or dyes of organic nature.
- the luminous fabric may comprise a diffusing coating.
- This coating makes it possible to modify the final appearance of the fabric by providing a decorative value (pattern, image, colors, message) and / or to homogenise the light coming from the fabric and thus to perfect the flatness of light.
- the diffusing coating may be chosen from diffusing polymer films such as Duratrans films, veil-like diffusion fabrics, Satinovo®-type glass plates.
- the diffusing coating can be assembled to the light textile support by any known means, for example by gluing.
- the flame retardant coating optionally intumescent may also have good cleaning ability.
- the structuring coating can also be a colored decorative coating.
- the luminous fabrics may also include several additional coatings.
- flame-retardant coatings which may be intumescent, coatings with good cleaning properties and coatings which diffuse on one side as an illuminating surface.
- the luminous fabric may advantageously comprise color patches that can be obtained by means of the light sources used to illuminate the optical fibers but also by dyeing the different optical fibers or binding wires.
- the woven textile support can therefore be white in color corresponding to the natural appearance of the fiberglass or tinted with another color through the use of tinted fiberglass or coated before weaving.
- the luminous fabric may comprise at least one bright decorative pattern located on at least a portion of the surface of the luminous tissue capable of emitting light.
- the decorative pattern can be achieved by performing the step of creating invasive alterations on said portion of the fabric surface provided for the decorative pattern.
- the pattern is for example made using a mask or a stencil before the treatment for the extraction of light.
- the formed product can make it possible to obtain customized fabrics from a standard woven fabric support revealing patterns by difference in reflection of the light when the light source is extinguished and difference in intensity of light. extraction of light when the light source is on.
- the woven textile support may comprise a decorative motif called "textile” or a decorative armor including a jacquard pattern.
- the term "jacquard pattern” a pattern obtained by making a woven fabric support combining several types of weave in the same woven fabric support. By using colored threads, jacquard armor allows for very complex patterns and even image reproduction. A jacquard pattern therefore corresponds to a pattern created by a change of weave or color in an area of the woven fabric support.
- the decorative pattern can then define a logo or a descriptive message, resulting directly from the weaving of areas with differences in surface density of optical fibers.
- the jacquard pattern can be either treated in positive mode (bright pattern on background off) or negative (non-bright pattern on bright background).
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a luminous fabric as defined above.
- the method comprises a step of weaving (b) optical fibers and binding fibers so as to form a woven textile support, the binding fibers comprise glass threads, the glass threads represent in mass with respect to the total mass binding yarns constituting the textile support woven at least 50%.
- the method advantageously comprises a step of sizing the glass son (a) performed before the weaving step.
- the method comprises a step (c) in which invasive alterations are made on the optical fiber (s), preferably after the weaving step.
- the method advantageously comprises a step of applying one or more additional coatings on one or on each side of the woven fabric support.
- the step of creating the invasive alterations (c), preferably the sanding can be carried out after the application of said coating, that is to say on the previously impregnated fabric.
- the method advantageously comprises a step in which a decorative pattern is created on a part of the surface of the light fabric, said decorative pattern being obtained by performing step (c) of creating invasive alterations on the part of the surface of the fabric bright provided for the decorative pattern.
- the method includes a step (d) of optically connecting (d) optical fibers to a light source.
- the optical fiber or fibers preferably the end or ends of the optical fibers, possibly cut or braided, are connected to light sources.
- a method of manufacturing a light fabric according to the invention may comprise the following steps:
- a step of creating invasive alterations for example by sandblasting, laser treatment, chemical treatment,
- the luminous fabric can have a decorative function and / or lighting according to its luminance. It allows the realization of lighting, mood lighting or a backlight for a particular poster.
- the luminous fabric can be:
- the luminous fabrics make it possible to realize light on a part or on all their surface. They are particularly suitable for interior illumination or interior lighting on walls, partitions, ceilings, or floors as a design or decorative product.
- the luminous fabric can be used as a dividing wall between two volumes especially as extrafine light partition such as claustra or Japanese partitions for the development of offices, apartments or small premises.
- the luminous fabric can be used as a wall covering or luminous border to be painted, varnished, glued and / or soft to coat all or part of a wall selected from walls, floors or ceilings.
- the luminous tissue can be stretched using staples or fastening systems, traditionally used for the placement of stretched tissue.
- the luminous fabric can be used for the realization of light blinds such as blinds with vertical stripes, Japanese panels, roller blinds, Venetian blinds.
- the luminous fabric can be used as component of flat or 3-dimensional luminaires, glued or stretched on a support or self-supporting. It can constitute a thin, light, rollable, deployable and transportable luminous surface for purposes such as lighting of buildings of light structure, or mobile such as tents, barnums, pergolas.
- the luminous fabric can also be used as a diffused light source in the form of panels, luminous boards for the illumination of movable or non-movable partitions, partitions for the organization and partitioning of open-space or lighting of premises. having no natural lighting and windows, or premises used for precision work (watchmaking, jewelery, electronics ). It can be used in luminous devices for light therapy or well-being by simulating with appropriate light sources, cycle and daylight.
- the luminous fabric can be used as lighting in ATEX environment (explosive atmosphere) or wet or even immersed in water thanks to a power supply for remote and low voltage light sources
- ATEX environment explosive atmosphere
- the advantage of optical fibers is then to be able to bring the light at a significant distance from the electrical source and therefore from a potential source of spark.
- the luminous fabric by making it possible to extract the light from the optical fibers over a large surface, thus opens the way to a diffused light source (plan or path of light, signage) remote which can find its utility in ATEX zone.
- the luminous fabric comprising a remote and low voltage power supply is also an advantageous solution for the lighting of all wet environments such as swimming pools, hot tubs and outdoor signage applications.
- Type E glass wires have been used as warp yarns and as weft yarns.
- the woven textile supports made include the following weave weaves:
- the binding yarns used in chains are glued glass threads with a density of 7.9 threads / cm.
- the binding yarns used in weft yarn are all glass yarns.
- Diameter of optical fibers 250 and 500 ⁇ .
- The% MM corresponds to both the mass proportions of compounds of a mineral nature with respect to the weight of the woven textile support and the mass percentage of glass fibers relative to the weight of the woven textile support.
- the choice of the armor, the density of optical fibers and the density of binding fibers has been adapted in particular to avoid the presence of knots too close together or too far away.
- the woven textile supports have then undergone a processing step to create invasive alterations on the optical fibers.
- the treatment step was carried out by sanding or laser abrasion.
- a fiber optic connection step was performed. This step consists of bundling a number of optical fibers according to their diameter and joining the ends of the optical fibers to a system comprising a light source.
- the light sources used are light-emitting diodes (LED OS RAM Dragon plus® LUW W5AM).
- the woven textile supports were cut into several samples and either sandblasted abrasion or laser abrasion to create the invasive alterations on the optical fibers.
- the luminance was then measured at normal with respect to the emitting surface as well as the relative standard deviation. The luminance values are obtained when 150 optical fibers are appropriately connected to a light source emitting a suitable light flux.
- the luminous fabrics have good opacity even without additional coatings as well as high and homogeneous luminance values.
- the glass threads are not altered during this step. But above all, we get by sandblasting relatively small standard deviations. These low standard deviations account for the excellent homogeneity of luminance of the luminous tissue.
- woven textile supports comprising optical fibers having a diameter of 500 ⁇ m and a density of at least 8 threads / cm, preferably at least 10 threads / cm and better still at minus 12 thread / cm.
- the use of chain-bonded glass threads contributes to the possibility of increasing the density of the optical fibers.
- PCS heating value
- Fabric B luminous fabric comprising optical fibers and polyester binding yarns as described in application FR 2859737,
- Luminous fabric of the invention comprising the woven textile support 1 without additional coating
- - Luminous fabric of the invention comprising the woven fabric support 1 1 without additional coating.
- the luminous tissues of the invention exhibit particularly interesting fire reaction properties as illustrated by the significant decrease in PCS compared to PCS of existing tissues. V. Addition of additional coatings
- Structural coating compositions have been tested including:
- an acrylic type binder chosen from styrene-acrylic binders and / or starch-based binder
- compositions comprise as solvent water.
- compositions A and B form, after application, impregnated structuring coatings. They can be applied on one or on each side of a luminous textile support.
- the amounts deposited by spatula on the woven textile supports are respectively 26 g / m 2 (comp. A) in one face and 42 and 46 g / m 2 , respectively for compositions A and B, when these compositions are applied on each side.
- compositions 2 and 3 comprising respectively 5 and 10% by weight of pigment relative to the mass of dry matter of said compositions (corresponding to the weight of the coatings) were also tested. These compositions have a solids content greater than 50%.
- compositions 1 to 3 were respectively applied to a single surface of the different light fabrics by knife coating. Drying was performed at room temperature. The table below gives:
- Luminance measurements made on these various luminous fabrics coated or not with structuring coatings show a gain related to the presence of structuring coatings of at least 9%.
- CIE94 colorimetric measurements were performed on light fabrics comprising a textile support 1 1 coated with a structuring coating obtained from a composition 1, 2 or 3.
- Composition 1 reference Appearance slightly yellow
- Composition 2 0.99 Appearance slightly yellow
- Composition 3 1 67 Appearance white
- white pigment with respect to the total weight of binder and filler in the structuring coating is advantageous.
- Luminous fabrics comprising a woven textile support 7 are coated before the step of creating invasive alterations.
- a first luminous tissue is obtained by depositing on each side of the composition B.
- a second fabric has been made comprising a structuring coating obtained from the composition 1 deposited on the side not intended to serve as main illuminating surface (back coating) and therefore on the face does not directly undergo the step of creation of invasive alteration by sanding.
- compositions B or 1 The luminous performances after sandblasting of the luminous fabrics comprising the structuring coatings obtained from compositions B or 1 are given in the following table. These luminance values are obtained when 150 optical fibers are suitably connected to a light source emitting a suitable light flux.
- a greige bright fabric may advantageously be mechanically reinforced by a structuring coating before sandblasting treatment intended to allow the extraction of light.
- the luminous performances are then very close to the same fabric simply coated on the back side
- Fire Retardant Coating A flame retardant coating obtained from a composition comprising intumescent agents has been used. Flame retardant coatings are applied on one side of the luminous tissues. These luminous tissues may further comprise a structuring coating. The thickness of the flame retardant coating is about 200 ⁇ . Fire resistance tests show that the use of a flame retardant coating in all cases improves the fire resistance.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1355706A FR3007042B1 (fr) | 2013-06-18 | 2013-06-18 | Tissu lumineux comprenant des fils de verre |
PCT/FR2014/051417 WO2014202868A1 (fr) | 2013-06-18 | 2014-06-11 | Tissu lumineux comprenant des fils de verre |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3011093A1 true EP3011093A1 (fr) | 2016-04-27 |
Family
ID=48980151
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14736892.2A Withdrawn EP3011093A1 (fr) | 2013-06-18 | 2014-06-11 | Tissu lumineux comprenant des fils de verre |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160122911A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3011093A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6574172B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN105452550B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3007042B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014202868A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6332604B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-27 | 2018-05-30 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | インクジェット捺染用の前処理液および捺染方法 |
FR3040992B1 (fr) | 2015-09-11 | 2017-10-06 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage lumineux de vehicule et sa fabrication. |
US10132014B2 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2018-11-20 | Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Woven fabric |
JP6634049B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-01-22 | 信越石英株式会社 | ガラスクロス光反射体 |
FR3096376B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-23 | 2021-04-30 | Brochier Tech | Procede de depot de nanoparticules métalliques sur une nappe textile par photocalyse et nappe textile correspondante |
JP6680939B1 (ja) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-04-15 | 信越石英株式会社 | ガラスクロス光反射体を含む構造体 |
US11655570B2 (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2023-05-23 | Biothread Llc | Illuminated garment |
FR3101965B1 (fr) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-11-05 | Acome | Faisceau de fibres optiques |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4422719A (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1983-12-27 | Space-Lyte International, Inc. | Optical distribution system including light guide |
JPS6346481U (fr) * | 1986-09-12 | 1988-03-29 | ||
JPH08325950A (ja) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-10 | Nitto Boseki Co Ltd | ガラス繊維用サイズ剤及びガラス繊維織物 |
JP2003247164A (ja) * | 2002-02-18 | 2003-09-05 | Seiren Co Ltd | 難燃性金属被覆布帛 |
US6851844B2 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2005-02-08 | The Boeing Company | Fiber optic fabric with opaque coating for directional light emission |
US20070037462A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2007-02-15 | Philbrick Allen | Optical fiber substrate useful as a sensor or illumination device component |
FR2910341B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-20 | 2009-02-06 | Cedric Brochier Soieries Soc R | Nappe textile presentant des proprietes depolluantes par photocatalyse |
CN101224950A (zh) * | 2007-01-21 | 2008-07-23 | 延边大学 | 多色光致发光玻璃纤维的制备方法 |
CN102120695A (zh) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-07-13 | 成都亨通光通信有限公司 | 具有防火涂层的光学纤维 |
FR2975709B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-27 | 2013-05-17 | Bat Buro Arquitectura Textil | Nappe textile lumineuse et procede de fabrication d'une telle nappe textile lumineuse |
-
2013
- 2013-06-18 FR FR1355706A patent/FR3007042B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-06-11 US US14/898,996 patent/US20160122911A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-11 WO PCT/FR2014/051417 patent/WO2014202868A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-06-11 CN CN201480034908.2A patent/CN105452550B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-06-11 EP EP14736892.2A patent/EP3011093A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-06-11 JP JP2016520568A patent/JP6574172B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2016526615A (ja) | 2016-09-05 |
US20160122911A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
WO2014202868A1 (fr) | 2014-12-24 |
FR3007042B1 (fr) | 2016-01-01 |
FR3007042A1 (fr) | 2014-12-19 |
CN105452550B (zh) | 2019-04-09 |
CN105452550A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
JP6574172B2 (ja) | 2019-09-11 |
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