EP2987557B1 - Grinding machine for grinding of a product - Google Patents

Grinding machine for grinding of a product Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2987557B1
EP2987557B1 EP15179795.8A EP15179795A EP2987557B1 EP 2987557 B1 EP2987557 B1 EP 2987557B1 EP 15179795 A EP15179795 A EP 15179795A EP 2987557 B1 EP2987557 B1 EP 2987557B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
product
stationary
rotating
machine according
Prior art date
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EP15179795.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2987557A1 (en
Inventor
Eugen Jöchner
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Karl Schnell & Co KG GmbH
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Karl Schnell & Co KG GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/30—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/30—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms
    • B02C18/36—Knives or perforated discs
    • B02C18/365—Perforated discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/062—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives with rotor elements extending axially in close radial proximity of a concentrically arranged slotted or perforated ring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/30—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms
    • B02C18/301—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms with horizontal axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/30—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms
    • B02C18/301—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms with horizontal axis
    • B02C18/302—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms with horizontal axis with a knife-perforated disc unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/30—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms
    • B02C18/301—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms with horizontal axis
    • B02C18/304—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms with horizontal axis with several axially aligned knife-perforated disc units

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a comminution machine for comminuting a product, in particular for comminuting meat, comprising: at least one, preferably at least two stationary perforated plates and at least one rotating perforated plate, which cooperate for comminution, and a mounted on a shaft rotary cutting head, in the conveying direction of the product to be crushed is located upstream of the perforated plates to cooperate with a stationary perforated plate for comminuting the product.
  • the DE 1 021 745 B describes a cutter for meat mincers, which has a cross knife and a perforated disc and a fine cutting with three perforated discs.
  • the cross knife as well as a knife disc of the Feinschnittwerks sit longitudinally displaceable, but undriven on the shaft and participate in their rotations.
  • a crusher or emulsifier for sausages, for example, for sausage meat is in the US 4,015,784 described.
  • the perforated plates of the crushing machine are arranged one above the other along a vertical shaft, whereby both the uppermost perforated plate and the lowermost perforated plate are driven via the shaft.
  • the sausage meat is conveyed by means of a centrifuge.
  • Means are provided which rotate together with the lowermost rotating die plate to maintain the rotation of the sausage meat.
  • the actuating body may be formed by a sleeve which is rotatably mounted with an external thread in a corresponding internal thread of the machine housing and which additionally has an outer ring gear which is coupled via a worm shaft with a servo motor.
  • a crusher which has at least one perforated plate over which in a multi-armed cutting head movably held and resiliently pressed against the perforated plate cutting blades rotate. It is provided axially displaceable to the perforated plate blade holder, which receives the knife blades movable and presses the force of a spring element against the perforated plate.
  • a rotating knife assembly and a perforated plate assembly may be slid on a shaft axially opposite an ejector. When detecting a hard object, the knife assembly can automatically lift off from the corresponding perforated plate or the perforated plate can be displaced in the other direction to avoid wedging.
  • a crusher for agricultural products in which rotating cutting blades are arranged in front of at least one perforated plate.
  • the distance between the orifice plate and the rotating cutting blades can be adjusted by moving a horizontally oriented drive shaft for the cutting blades in the axial direction.
  • a hand wheel is provided on the crushing machine.
  • the stationary perforated plate may in particular be the first stationary perforated plate of the cooperating perforated plates.
  • the combination of comminution by the co-operating perforated plates with pre-comminution by the cutting head produces a comminuted product of increased quality, particularly in fibrous sinewy products.
  • the arrangement of the cutting head in front of the perforated plates offers the advantage that the product supply to the perforated plates is improved because the cutting head exerts a centrifugal force on the product to be shredded and pushes the product against the first stationary perforated plate with a suitable, oblique alignment of the knife blades ,
  • the stationary perforated plate and / or the cutting head can be moved in the axial direction.
  • the displacement of the stationary perforated plate in the axial direction take place in that a control element on which the stationary (n) perforated plates (s) are brought into abutment in the axial direction is displaced within a housing, while the shaft with the cutting head remains stationary in the axial direction.
  • the adjusting body may be formed, for example, as a sleeve which is rotatably mounted with an external thread in a corresponding internal thread of the housing. The distance over which the axial distance can be varied is usually a few millimeters.
  • the axial displacement of the shaft can also take place during the rotational movement of the shaft. By reducing the distance in this case, the knife blades of the cutting head can be brought into contact with the stationary perforated plate in order to sharpen if necessary.
  • the shaft is mounted horizontally. Due to the use of the cutting head, which serves to convey the product, it is not absolutely necessary to orient the shaft vertically in order to convey the product by utilizing the force of gravity through the perforated plates.
  • a rotating ejector may be mounted in the downstream direction of the perforated plates.
  • the rotating orifice plates are motion coupled to the shaft, i. the shaft serves as a drive for the rotating perforated plates.
  • Both the cutting head and the rotating and the stationary perforated plates are typically arranged along one and the same driven shaft.
  • the rotating perforated plates can in particular be mounted rigidly or non-rotatably on the shaft. In this case, the perforated plates and the cutting head rotate with the rotation of the shaft at the same speed, which has proven to be advantageous for the promotion of the product.
  • the shaft is mounted axially displaceable.
  • the stationary perforated plates are typically stationary, i. these remain in adjusting the distance in its axial position within the housing and the shaft is moved together with the cutting head, which is mounted in the axial direction fixed to the shaft and is moved with this.
  • the power transmission of the shaft to the rotating perforated plates takes place in the axial direction relative to the rotating perforated plates slidable driving pins.
  • the driving pins may be attached to a rotating driving bush, which is mounted in the axial direction fixed to the shaft.
  • the driving pins are slightly, i. shifted by a few millimeters, relative to the rotating perforated plates (and thus also the stationary) perforated plates.
  • the free ends of the driving pins are typically received in holes in a lid, which remains stationary in the axial direction and is rotated together with the driving bush and the rotating perforated plates around the shaft.
  • the axial distance between the driving bush and the cover is selected such that the free ends of the driving pins always remain in the holes of the cover during the axial displacement.
  • the crushing machine has two rotating perforated plates attached to opposite sides of a spacer ring, with a stationary perforated plate being mounted between the two rotating perforated plates.
  • the stationary perforated plate has a central opening for receiving the spacer ring.
  • the two outer perforated plates of such a module are rotatably connected to each other via the spacer ring.
  • the inner perforated plate can be rotated relative to the spacer ring or relative to the outer perforated plates.
  • the inner, stationary perforated plate is fixed in the housing and the two outer perforated plates are rotated during operation of the crushing machine together with the spacer ring.
  • Immediately adjacent to the surfaces of the rotating perforated plates in the housing of the crushing machine each have a further stationary perforated plate are arranged, which cooperates with the respective rotating perforated plate to comminute the product.
  • the perforated plates can by means of a guide ring clamped together and connected to a perforated plate cassette. It is understood that if necessary, more than five perforated plates can be connected together to form a perforated plate cassette to mount them as a structural unit to the shaft of the crushing machine.
  • the attachment of the two rotating perforated plates stabilizes each other and prevents a wobbling motion during the rotation about the shaft.
  • the driving pins extend through through holes of the spacer ring. In this way it can be achieved that the shaft can be displaced in the axial direction relative to the perforated plate cassette fixed in the housing in the axial direction as well as relative to further stationary perforated plates possibly existing in the housing.
  • the diameters of the holes of a perforated front plate in the conveying direction of the product are smaller than the diameters of the holes of at least one perforated plate following in the conveying direction of the product.
  • the front perforated plate in the conveying direction may in particular be the first stationary perforated plate of the perforated plates cooperating for comminution.
  • the diameter of the holes of the perforated plates in the conveying direction of the product remain the same or decrease
  • the diameter of the holes of front in the conveying direction perforated plates smaller choose as the diameter of the holes of perforated plates arranged further back in the conveying direction.
  • the diameters of the perforated plates can remain the same or decrease in the conveying direction as in the prior art.
  • the provision of the cutting head increases the flexibility in the choice of the diameter of the perforated plates, which has an advantageous effect on the quality of the respective shredded product.
  • an ejector mounted on the shaft and driven by the shaft is mounted in the conveying direction after the perforated plates.
  • the Ejector serves to maintain the rotational movement of the product before it is conveyed out of the crushing machine through a spout.
  • Product delivery can be assisted by suction from the outlet side.
  • a further stationary perforated plate is arranged, which cooperates with a further cutting head.
  • the provision of one or possibly more such pairs, which are formed by a stationary perforated plate and a rotating cutting head, allows an improved pre-shredding of the product.
  • one or more of such additional pairs may possibly additionally be installed in the crusher.
  • a centrifugal cutting ring is arranged downstream of the perforated plates in the conveying direction.
  • a centrifugal cutting ring forms a cutting set based on the rotor-stator principle.
  • the rotor is typically disposed radially inward and surrounded by the radially outer annular stator.
  • the rotor has knife blades which interact with cutting gaps of the stator for comminuting the product in the manner of a shear cut.
  • the centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the rotor carries the product radially outward into the shear zone between the rotor and the stator, and the product is discharged radially outwardly through the kerf of the stator.
  • the rotor In the shear zone, the rotor generates a cutting movement and the stator acts as a counter scissors.
  • the additional use of the centrifugal cutting ring makes it possible to carry out the comminution of a product with a defined particle size, as required, for example, for the production of baby food.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a crushing machine 1, which has an inlet housing 2 for supplying a product to be minced, for example, meat (meat), raw materials of vegetable or animal origin (fish, vegetables), ...
  • a cutting set housing 3 in which a cutting set 4 is housed, which is mounted on a driven, horizontally mounted shaft 5 (motor shaft) and for crushing the product, typically a food, for example, meat, serves.
  • an outlet housing 6 is mounted to remove the comminuted product.
  • a spacer sleeve 7 and a cutting or cutter head 8 is mounted, which cooperates with a arranged in the Schneidsatzgephaseuse 3 first stationary perforated plate 9 for pre-crushing the product.
  • the cutting head 8 is rotatably mounted on the grooved shaft 5 and is driven by this.
  • the cutting head 8 exerts a centrifugal force on the product, so that in particular accumulated foreign bodies are carried in the radial direction to the outside, where they can be discharged via an excretion valve.
  • a spacer ring 14 is inserted in a central opening of the second stationary perforated plate 13.
  • the first and second rotating perforated plate 11, 12 are fastened by means of screws on the opposite sides of the spacer ring 14.
  • the spacer ring 14 and thus also the two rotating perforated plates 11, 12 can be rotated about the stationary perforated plate 13.
  • the arrangement with the two rotating perforated plates 11, 12 and the first to third stationary perforated plate 9, 13, 18 is clamped by means of an outer guide ring 19 in the radial direction and forms a perforated plate cassette 10.
  • the two rotating perforated plates 11, 12 have a slight smaller outer diameter than the stationary perforated plates 9, 13, 18, which is why these two in Fig. 2 shown outer spacers 20a, b are applied to prevent passage of the product.
  • the cutting set 4 is completed by an ejector 21 which is mounted on the shaft 5 by means of a nut and a thrust washer.
  • the ejector 21 serves to set the comminuted product in a rotary motion before it is removed via the outlet housing 6 from the crushing machine 1.
  • the Mit supportivebuchse 16 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 5.
  • the two rotating perforated plates 11, 12 are also set in a rotational movement to co-operate with each of the two stationary perforated plates 9, 13, 18 for comminuting the product.
  • the product itself serves as a lubricant and prevents abrasion of the perforated plates 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 during rotation of the shaft 5.
  • the perforated plates 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 cause comminution and emulsification and homogenization of the product.
  • the axial distance A between the front of the first stationary perforated plate 9 and the cutting head 8 is adjustable within certain limits. In this way, the degree of pre-crushing of the product as well as the flow rate and the heat input into the product can be influenced. It may also be advantageous if the cutting head 8, more precisely its (not shown) knife blades, can be brought into abutment with the first stationary perforated plate 9 during the rotational movement to re-sharpen if necessary.
  • the axial displacement of the shaft 5 can also take place, for example, by means of a handwheel during the operation of the comminuting machine 1 in order to set the desired distance A between the first stationary perforated plate 9 and the cutting head 8.
  • the Distance A is also effected by a displacement of the cutting set 4 or the perforated plates 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 relative to the cutting set housing 3 and to a stationary shaft in the axial direction, as for example in the cited above DE 199 60 409 A1 is described.
  • the diameter of the holes of the perforated plates 9, 11, 13, 12, 18 decreasing as usual in the conveying direction of the product but also the diameter of the holes of front in the conveying direction perforated plates smaller can be selected as the diameter of holes of subsequent perforated plates in the conveying direction.
  • the diameters of the holes of the first stationary perforated plate 9 are slightly smaller than the diameters of the holes of the first rotating perforated plate 11.
  • the diameters of the holes of the further perforated plates 13, 12, 18 decrease in the conveying direction of the product, as in FIG Fig. 2 easy to recognize.
  • the cutting set 4 described here it is also possible, as an alternative to the cutting set 4 described here, to introduce a different kind of cutting set into the cutting set housing 3, for example a cutting set in which only perforated plates cooperate with cutting heads to produce a paper cut, or a cutting set in which the cutting takes place additionally takes place by means of a Zentrifugalschneidrings (rotor-stator principle), which is arranged in the conveying direction downstream of the perforated plates 9, 11, 12, 13, 18.
  • the different cutting sets are dimensioned so that they fit into one and the same set of cutting tools 3.
  • the crushing machine 1 thus offers high flexibility and short set-up times when replacing the cutting sets.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine zur Zerkleinerung eines Produkts, insbesondere zur Zerkleinerung von Fleisch, umfassend: mindestens eine, bevorzugt mindestens zwei stationäre Lochplatten sowie mindestens eine rotierende Lochplatte, die zur Zerkleinerung zusammenwirken, sowie einen an einer Welle gelagerten rotierenden Schneidkopf, der in Förderrichtung des zu zerkleinernden Produkts stromaufwärts von den Lochplatten angeordnet ist, um mit einer stationären Lochplatte zur Zerkleinerung des Produkts zusammenzuwirken.The present invention relates to a comminution machine for comminuting a product, in particular for comminuting meat, comprising: at least one, preferably at least two stationary perforated plates and at least one rotating perforated plate, which cooperate for comminution, and a mounted on a shaft rotary cutting head, in the conveying direction of the product to be crushed is located upstream of the perforated plates to cooperate with a stationary perforated plate for comminuting the product.

In der US 537,316 A ist ein Fleischwolf gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschrieben, der zusammenwirkende stationäre und rotierende Lochplatten sowie eine Schnecke aufweist, die das Produkt zu einer ersten, stationären Lochplatte fördert. Das vordere Ende der Schnecke drückt einerseits das Produkt in die Löcher der stationären Lochplatte und dient andererseits als ein Messer zur Zerkleinerung des Produkts.In the US 537,316 A a meat grinder according to the preamble of claim 1 is described which has cooperating stationary and rotating perforated plates and a screw which conveys the product to a first, stationary perforated plate. On the one hand, the front end of the screw presses the product into the holes of the stationary perforated plate and, on the other hand, serves as a knife for shredding the product.

Die DE 1 021 745 B beschreibt ein Schneidwerk für Fleischwölfe, das ein Kreuzmesser und eine Groblochscheibe sowie ein Feinschnittwerk mit drei gelochten Scheiben aufweist. Das Kreuzmesser sowie eine Messerscheibe des Feinschnittwerks sitzen längs verschiebbar, aber undrehbar auf der Welle und nehmen an ihren Drehungen teil.The DE 1 021 745 B describes a cutter for meat mincers, which has a cross knife and a perforated disc and a fine cutting with three perforated discs. The cross knife as well as a knife disc of the Feinschnittwerks sit longitudinally displaceable, but undriven on the shaft and participate in their rotations.

Eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine oder Emulgiermaschine für Wurstwaren, beispielsweise für Brät, ist in der US 4,015,784 beschrieben. Die Lochplatten der Zerkleinerungsmaschine sind entlang einer vertikalen Welle übereinander angeordnet, wobei sowohl die oberste Lochplatte als auch die unterste Lochplatte über die Welle angetrieben werden. In die Löcher der obersten rotierenden Lochplatte wird das Brät mittels einer Zentrifuge gefördert. Es sind Mittel vorgesehen, die sich gemeinsam mit der untersten rotierenden Lochplatte drehen, um die Drehbewegung des Bräts aufrecht zu erhalten.A crusher or emulsifier for sausages, for example, for sausage meat is in the US 4,015,784 described. The perforated plates of the crushing machine are arranged one above the other along a vertical shaft, whereby both the uppermost perforated plate and the lowermost perforated plate are driven via the shaft. In the holes of the top rotating perforated plate, the sausage meat is conveyed by means of a centrifuge. Means are provided which rotate together with the lowermost rotating die plate to maintain the rotation of the sausage meat.

Es sind auch Zerkleinerungsmaschinen bekannt, bei denen die Zerkleinerung erreicht wird, indem jeweils eine stationäre Lochplatte mit einem davor rotierenden Schneidkopf zum Zerkleinern zusammenwirkt. Bei einer solchen Zerkleinerungsmaschine, wie sie in der DE 199 60 409 A1 und in der DE 39 15 409 A1 beschrieben ist, ist ein in seiner Breite einstellbarer Spalt zwischen der jeweiligen Lochplatte und den Schneidklingen des Schneidkopfes gebildet. Bei dieser Zerkleinerungsmaschine sind die Lochplatten gegen Anschläge innerhalb eines gemeinsamen Stellkörpers gehalten, der gegenüber den unverstellbar angeordneten Schneidköpfen axial verstellbar gelagert ist. Durch den Stellkörper können die Lochplatten gemeinsam in ihrem Abstand zum zugehörigen Schneidkopf verstellt werden. Der Stellkörper kann durch eine Hülse gebildet sein, die mit einem Außengewinde in einem entsprechenden Innengewinde des Maschinengehäuses drehbar gelagert ist und die zusätzlich einen Außenzahnkranz aufweist, der über eine Schneckenwelle mit einem Stellmotor gekoppelt ist.There are also comminution machines are known in which the crushing is achieved by each cooperating a stationary perforated plate with a front rotating cutting head for crushing. In such a crusher, as in the DE 199 60 409 A1 and in the DE 39 15 409 A1 is described, a width-adjustable gap between the respective perforated plate and the cutting blades of the cutting head is formed. In this crushing machine, the perforated plates are held against stops within a common actuating body, which is mounted axially adjustable relative to the immovably arranged cutting heads. By the adjusting body, the perforated plates can be adjusted together in their distance from the associated cutting head. The actuating body may be formed by a sleeve which is rotatably mounted with an external thread in a corresponding internal thread of the machine housing and which additionally has an outer ring gear which is coupled via a worm shaft with a servo motor.

In der CH 489279 ist eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine beschrieben, welche mindestens eine Lochplatte aufweist, über der in einem mehrarmigen Schneidkopf beweglich gehaltene und federnd gegen die Lochplatte gedrückte Schneidklingen umlaufen. Es ist ein axial zur Lochplatte verschiebbarer Klingenhalter vorgesehen, der die Messerklingen beweglich aufnimmt und den die Kraft eines Federelements gegen die Lochplatte drückt.In the CH 489279 a crusher is described, which has at least one perforated plate over which in a multi-armed cutting head movably held and resiliently pressed against the perforated plate cutting blades rotate. It is provided axially displaceable to the perforated plate blade holder, which receives the knife blades movable and presses the force of a spring element against the perforated plate.

In der DE 196 03 557 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Emulgieren von zerkleinerten organischen Massen, Stoffen und/oder Flüssigkeiten bekannt geworden. Eine rotierende Messeranordnung und eine Lochplattenanordnung können auf einer Welle axial gegenüber einem Auswerfer verschoben werden. Beim Erfassen eines harten Gegenstandes kann die Messeranordnung automatisch von der entsprechenden Lochplatte abheben bzw. die Lochplatte kann in die andere Richtung verdrängt werden, um ein Verkeilen zu vermeiden.In the DE 196 03 557 A1 a device for emulsifying crushed organic matter, substances and / or liquids has become known. A rotating knife assembly and a perforated plate assembly may be slid on a shaft axially opposite an ejector. When detecting a hard object, the knife assembly can automatically lift off from the corresponding perforated plate or the perforated plate can be displaced in the other direction to avoid wedging.

Aus der DE 1432555 ist eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine für landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse bekannt geworden, bei welcher vor mindestens einer Lochplatte rotierende Schneidmesser angeordnet sind. Der Abstand zwischen der bzw. den Lochplatten und den rotierenden Schneidmessern kann eingestellt werden, indem eine horizontal ausgerichtete Antriebswelle für die Schneidmesser in axialer Richtung bewegt wird. Zum axialen Bewegen der Antriebswelle ist an der Zerkleinerungsmaschine ein Handrad vorgesehen.From the DE 1432555 has become known a crusher for agricultural products, in which rotating cutting blades are arranged in front of at least one perforated plate. The distance between the orifice plate and the rotating cutting blades can be adjusted by moving a horizontally oriented drive shaft for the cutting blades in the axial direction. For axial movement of the drive shaft, a hand wheel is provided on the crushing machine.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine der eingangs genannten Art weiterzubilden, um die Qualität des bei der Zerkleinerung erhaltenen Produktes zu erhöhen.It is the object of the present invention to further develop a crushing machine of the type mentioned, in order to increase the quality of the product obtained during comminution.

Gegenstand der ErfindungSubject of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine der eingangs genannten Art, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass ein axialer Abstand zwischen dem Schneidkopf und der stationären Lochplatte einstellbar ist. Bei der stationären Lochplatte kann es sich insbesondere um die erste stationäre Lochplatte der zusammenwirkenden Lochplatten handeln.This object is achieved by a crushing machine of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that an axial distance between the cutting head and the stationary perforated plate is adjustable. The stationary perforated plate may in particular be the first stationary perforated plate of the cooperating perforated plates.

In Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, dass die Art der Zerkleinerung einen Einfluss auf die Konsistenz und das Farbverhalten des zerkleinerten Produkts hat: Beim Zusammenwirken der Lochplatten findet die Zerkleinerung des Produkts an den Bohrungskanten zwischen den Löchern der stationären und der rotierenden Lochplatten statt. Da die Winkel der Schneidkanten, genauer gesagt der Scherkanten, bei 90° liegen, wird ein stumpfer bzw. negativer Schnitt erzeugt, d.h. es entstehen keine körnig zerkleinerten Partikel und das Produkt (Schneidgut) wird eher zerschlagen und gequetscht als geschnitten. Das zerkleinerte Produkt erscheint daher cremiger als dies bei der Zerkleinerung mittels eines Schneidkopfs in Kombination mit einer Lochplatte bzw. bei der Zerkleinerung mit einem Zentrifugalschneidring (Rotor-Stator) der Fall ist.Experiments have shown that the type of comminution has an influence on the consistency and color behavior of the comminuted product: In the interaction of the perforated plates, the comminution of the product takes place at the bore edges between the holes of the stationary and the rotating ones Perforated plates instead. Since the angles of the cutting edges, more precisely the shearing edges, are at 90 °, a blunt or negative cut is produced, ie no granularly comminuted particles are produced and the product (cut material) is more likely to be crushed and crushed than cut. The comminuted product therefore appears creamier than is the case with comminution by means of a cutting head in combination with a perforated plate or with comminution with a centrifugal cutting ring (rotor-stator).

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Kombination der Zerkleinerung durch die zusammenwirkenden Lochplatten mit einer Vorzerkleinerung durch den Schneidkopf insbesondere bei faserigen, sehnigen Produkten ein zerkleinertes Produkt mit einer erhöhten Qualität erzeugt. Zusätzlich bietet die Anordnung des Schneidkopfs vor den Lochplatten den Vorteil, dass die Produktzufuhr zu den Lochplatten verbessert wird, da der Schneidkopf eine zentrifugale Kraft auf das zu zerkleinernde Produkt ausübt und bei einer geeigneten, schrägen Ausrichtung der Messerklingen das Produkt gegen die erste stationäre Lochplatte drückt.It has been found that the combination of comminution by the co-operating perforated plates with pre-comminution by the cutting head produces a comminuted product of increased quality, particularly in fibrous sinewy products. In addition, the arrangement of the cutting head in front of the perforated plates offers the advantage that the product supply to the perforated plates is improved because the cutting head exerts a centrifugal force on the product to be shredded and pushes the product against the first stationary perforated plate with a suitable, oblique alignment of the knife blades ,

Für die Einstellung des Abstands können die stationäre Lochplatte und/oder der Schneidkopf in axialer Richtung verschoben werden. Die Verschiebung der stationären Lochplatte in axialer Richtung kann beispielsweise wie weiter oben beschrieben dadurch erfolgen, dass ein Stellkörper, an dem die stationäre(n) Lochplatten(n) in Anlage gebracht sind, in axialer Richtung innerhalb eines Gehäuses verschoben wird, während die Welle mit dem Schneidkopf in axialer Richtung ortsfest bleibt. Der Stellkörper kann beispielsweise als Hülse ausgebildet sein, die mit einem Außengewinde in einem entsprechenden Innengewinde des Gehäuses verdrehbar gelagert ist. Die Distanz, über welche der axiale Abstand variiert werden kann, liegt in der Regel bei wenigen Millimetern. Dies ist ausreichend, um den Grad der Vorzerkleinerung des Produkts sowie die Durchsatzmenge und den Wärmeeintrag in das Produkt zu beeinflussen. Die axiale Verschiebung der Welle kann auch während der Drehbewegung der Welle erfolgen. Durch die Verkleinerung des Abstands können in diesem Fall die Messerklingen des Schneidkopfs mit der stationären Lochplatte in Anlage gebracht werden, um diese erforderlichenfalls nachzuschärfen.For the adjustment of the distance, the stationary perforated plate and / or the cutting head can be moved in the axial direction. The displacement of the stationary perforated plate in the axial direction, for example, as described above, take place in that a control element on which the stationary (n) perforated plates (s) are brought into abutment in the axial direction is displaced within a housing, while the shaft with the cutting head remains stationary in the axial direction. The adjusting body may be formed, for example, as a sleeve which is rotatably mounted with an external thread in a corresponding internal thread of the housing. The distance over which the axial distance can be varied is usually a few millimeters. This is sufficient to influence the degree of pre-shredding of the product as well as the flow rate and heat input into the product. The axial displacement of the shaft can also take place during the rotational movement of the shaft. By reducing the distance in this case, the knife blades of the cutting head can be brought into contact with the stationary perforated plate in order to sharpen if necessary.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist die Welle horizontal gelagert. Aufgrund der Verwendung des Schneidkopfs, welcher der Förderung des Produkts dient, ist es nicht zwingend erforderlich, die Welle vertikal auszurichten, um das Produkt unter Ausnutzung der Schwerkraftwirkung durch die Lochplatten zu fördern. Zur Unterstützung der Förderung des Produkts kann beispielsweise ein rotierender Auswerfer in Förderrichtung stromabwärts von den Lochplatten angebracht sein.In an advantageous embodiment, the shaft is mounted horizontally. Due to the use of the cutting head, which serves to convey the product, it is not absolutely necessary to orient the shaft vertically in order to convey the product by utilizing the force of gravity through the perforated plates. For example, to assist in conveying the product, a rotating ejector may be mounted in the downstream direction of the perforated plates.

Bevorzugt sind die rotierenden Lochplatten mit der Welle bewegungsgekoppelt, d.h. die Welle dient als Antrieb für die rotierenden Lochplatten. Sowohl der Schneidkopf als auch die rotierenden und die stationären Lochplatten sind typischer Weise entlang ein- und derselben angetriebenen Welle angeordnet. Die rotierenden Lochplatten können insbesondere starr bzw. drehfest an der Welle gelagert sein. In diesem Fall rotieren die Lochplatten und der Schneidkopf bei der Drehung der Welle mit derselben Drehzahl, was sich für die Förderung des Produkts als vorteilhaft erwiesen hat.Preferably, the rotating orifice plates are motion coupled to the shaft, i. the shaft serves as a drive for the rotating perforated plates. Both the cutting head and the rotating and the stationary perforated plates are typically arranged along one and the same driven shaft. The rotating perforated plates can in particular be mounted rigidly or non-rotatably on the shaft. In this case, the perforated plates and the cutting head rotate with the rotation of the shaft at the same speed, which has proven to be advantageous for the promotion of the product.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Welle axial verschiebbar gelagert. In diesem Fall sind die stationären Lochplatten typischer Weise ortsfest, d.h. diese verbleiben beim Einstellen des Abstands in ihrer axialen Position innerhalb des Gehäuses und die Welle wird gemeinsam mit dem Schneidkopf verschoben, der in axialer Richtung fest an der Welle gelagert ist und mit dieser mitbewegt wird.In a preferred embodiment, the shaft is mounted axially displaceable. In this case, the stationary perforated plates are typically stationary, i. these remain in adjusting the distance in its axial position within the housing and the shaft is moved together with the cutting head, which is mounted in the axial direction fixed to the shaft and is moved with this.

Wird ein- und dieselbe Welle als Antriebswelle für die rotierenden Lochplatten und für den Schneidkopf verwendet, tritt unabhängig davon, ob die stationäre(n) Lochplatten(n) oder die Welle in axialer Richtung verschoben wird bzw. werden, das Problem auf, dass die rotierende(n) Lochplatte(n) in einem sehr geringen axialen Abstand (in der Größenordnung eines oder mehrerer Tausendstel Millimeter) von den stationären Lochplatten angeordnet sind. Die stationären und die rotierenden Lochplatten liegen somit fast aneinander an und werden nur durch einen sehr dünnen Schmierfilm voneinander getrennt, der vom Produkt selbst gebildet wird. Der axiale Abstand zwischen den stationären und den rotierenden Lochplatten kann daher praktisch nicht verändert werden.If one and the same shaft is used as the drive shaft for the rotating perforated plates and for the cutting head, regardless of whether the stationary (n) perforated plate (s) or the shaft is displaced in the axial direction, the problem arises that the rotating (n) perforated plate (s) are arranged at a very small axial distance (of the order of one or more thousandths of a millimeter) of the stationary perforated plates. The stationary and rotating perforated plates thus almost abut each other and are separated only by a very thin lubricating film, which is formed by the product itself. The axial distance between the stationary and the rotating perforated plates can therefore practically not be changed.

Bei einer Weiterbildung erfolgt die Kraftübertragung der Welle an die rotierenden Lochplatten über in axialer Richtung relativ zu den rotierenden Lochplatten verschiebbare Mitnehmerbolzen. Die Mitnehmerbolzen können an einer rotierenden Mitnehmerbuchse angebracht sein, die in axialer Richtung ortsfest an der Welle angebracht ist. Bei der Verschiebung der Welle in axialer Richtung für die Einstellung des Abstandes werden die Mitnehmerbolzen geringfügig, d.h. um wenige Millimeter, relativ zu den rotierenden Lochplatten (und somit auch den stationären) Lochplatten verschoben. Somit kann auf vorteilhafte Weise die Einstellung des Abstandes zwischen der stationären Lochplatte und dem mit dieser zusammenwirkenden Schneidkopf realisiert werden. Die freien Enden der Mitnehmerbolzen sind hierbei typischer Weise in Bohrungen eines Deckels aufgenommen, der in axialer Richtung ortsfest bleibt und gemeinsam mit der Mitnehmerbuchse sowie den rotierenden Lochplatten um die Welle gedreht wird. Der axiale Abstand zwischen der Mitnehmerbuchse und dem Deckel ist derart gewählt, dass die freien Enden der Mitnehmerbolzen bei der axialen Verschiebung stets in den Bohrungen des Deckels verbleiben.In a further development, the power transmission of the shaft to the rotating perforated plates takes place in the axial direction relative to the rotating perforated plates slidable driving pins. The driving pins may be attached to a rotating driving bush, which is mounted in the axial direction fixed to the shaft. In the displacement of the shaft in the axial direction for the adjustment of the distance, the driving pins are slightly, i. shifted by a few millimeters, relative to the rotating perforated plates (and thus also the stationary) perforated plates. Thus, advantageously, the adjustment of the distance between the stationary perforated plate and the cooperating with this cutting head can be realized. The free ends of the driving pins are typically received in holes in a lid, which remains stationary in the axial direction and is rotated together with the driving bush and the rotating perforated plates around the shaft. The axial distance between the driving bush and the cover is selected such that the free ends of the driving pins always remain in the holes of the cover during the axial displacement.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Zerkleinerungsmaschine zwei rotierende Lochplatten auf, die an gegenüber liegenden Seiten eines Distanzrings befestigt sind, wobei zwischen den beiden rotierenden Lochplatten eine stationäre Lochplatte angebracht ist. Die stationäre Lochplatte weist eine zentrale Öffnung zur Aufnahme des Distanzrings auf. Die beiden äußeren Lochplatten einer solchen Baugruppe sind über den Distanzring drehfest miteinander verbunden. Die innere Lochplatte kann relativ zum Distanzring bzw. relativ zu den äußeren Lochplatten gedreht werden. Beim Einbau der Baugruppe in das Gehäuse der Zerkleinerungsmaschine wird die gesamte Baugruppe auf die Welle aufgeschoben bzw. die Welle wird durch eine zentrale Bohrung des Distanzrings und der drei Lochplatten gesteckt. Die innere, stationäre Lochplatte wird im Gehäuse fixiert und die beiden äußeren Lochplatten werden im Betrieb der Zerkleinerungsmaschine gemeinsam mit dem Distanzring gedreht. Unmittelbar benachbart zu den Oberflächen der rotierenden Lochplatten kann in dem Gehäuse der Zerkleinerungsmaschine jeweils eine weitere stationäre Lochplatte angeordnet werden, die mit der jeweiligen rotierenden Lochplatte zusammenwirkt, um das Produkt zu zerkleinern. Die Lochplatten können mittels eines Führungsrings gemeinsam eingespannt und zu einer Lochplatten-Kassette verbunden werden. Es versteht sich, dass ggf. mehr als fünf Lochplatten miteinander zu einer Lochplatten-Kassette verbunden werden können, um diese als bauliche Einheit an der Welle der Zerkleinerungsmaschine zu montieren. Die Befestigung der beiden rotierenden Lochplatten aneinander stabilisiert diese und verhindert eine Taumelbewegung bei der Drehbewegung um die Welle.In another embodiment, the crushing machine has two rotating perforated plates attached to opposite sides of a spacer ring, with a stationary perforated plate being mounted between the two rotating perforated plates. The stationary perforated plate has a central opening for receiving the spacer ring. The two outer perforated plates of such a module are rotatably connected to each other via the spacer ring. The inner perforated plate can be rotated relative to the spacer ring or relative to the outer perforated plates. When installing the assembly in the housing of the crusher, the entire assembly is pushed onto the shaft or the shaft is inserted through a central bore of the spacer ring and the three perforated plates. The inner, stationary perforated plate is fixed in the housing and the two outer perforated plates are rotated during operation of the crushing machine together with the spacer ring. Immediately adjacent to the surfaces of the rotating perforated plates in the housing of the crushing machine each have a further stationary perforated plate are arranged, which cooperates with the respective rotating perforated plate to comminute the product. The perforated plates can by means of a guide ring clamped together and connected to a perforated plate cassette. It is understood that if necessary, more than five perforated plates can be connected together to form a perforated plate cassette to mount them as a structural unit to the shaft of the crushing machine. The attachment of the two rotating perforated plates stabilizes each other and prevents a wobbling motion during the rotation about the shaft.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung verlaufen die Mitnehmerbolzen durch Durchgangsbohrungen des Distanzrings hindurch. Auf diese Weise kann erreicht werden, dass die Welle in axialer Richtung relativ zu der in dem Gehäuse in axialer Richtung fixierten Lochplatten-Kassette sowie relativ zu weiteren ggf. in dem Gehäuse vorhandenen stationären Lochplatten verschoben werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment, the driving pins extend through through holes of the spacer ring. In this way it can be achieved that the shaft can be displaced in the axial direction relative to the perforated plate cassette fixed in the housing in the axial direction as well as relative to further stationary perforated plates possibly existing in the housing.

Bei einer Ausführungsform sind die Durchmesser der Löcher einer in Förderrichtung des Produkts vorderen Lochplatte kleiner als die Durchmesser der Löcher mindestens einer in Förderrichtung des Produkts nachfolgenden Lochplatte. Bei der in Förderrichtung vorderen Lochplatte kann es sich insbesondere um die erste stationäre Lochplatte der zur Zerkleinerung zusammenwirkenden Lochplatten handeln.In one embodiment, the diameters of the holes of a perforated front plate in the conveying direction of the product are smaller than the diameters of the holes of at least one perforated plate following in the conveying direction of the product. The front perforated plate in the conveying direction may in particular be the first stationary perforated plate of the perforated plates cooperating for comminution.

Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik, bei dem die Durchmesser der Löcher der Lochplatten in Förderrichtung des Produktes gleich bleiben oder abnehmen, ist es aufgrund des in Förderrichtung vorgelagerten Schneidkopfs bei der hier beschriebenen Zerkleinerungsmaschine möglich, die Durchmesser der Löcher von in Förderrichtung vorderen Lochplatten kleiner zu wählen als den Durchmesser der Löcher von in Förderrichtung weiter hinten angeordneten Lochplatten. Es versteht sich, dass alternativ die Durchmesser der Lochplatten wie im Stand der Technik in Förderrichtung gleich bleiben oder abnehmen können. Durch das Vorsehen des Schneidkopfs wird die Flexibilität bei der Wahl der Durchmesser der Lochplatten erhöht, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Qualität des jeweiligen zerkleinerten Produkts auswirkt.In contrast to the prior art, in which the diameter of the holes of the perforated plates in the conveying direction of the product remain the same or decrease, it is possible due to the upstream in the conveying direction cutting head in the crushing machine described here, the diameter of the holes of front in the conveying direction perforated plates smaller choose as the diameter of the holes of perforated plates arranged further back in the conveying direction. It is understood that, alternatively, the diameters of the perforated plates can remain the same or decrease in the conveying direction as in the prior art. The provision of the cutting head increases the flexibility in the choice of the diameter of the perforated plates, which has an advantageous effect on the quality of the respective shredded product.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist in Förderrichtung nach den Lochplatten ein an der Welle gelagerter und von der Welle angetriebener Auswerfer angebracht. Der Auswerfer dient dazu, die Drehbewegung des Produkts aufrecht zu erhalten, bevor dieses durch einen Auslauf bzw. ein Auslaufgehäuse aus der Zerkleinerungsmaschine befördert wird. Die Förderung des Produkts kann durch ein Ansaugen von der Auslaufseite her unterstützt werden.In a further embodiment, an ejector mounted on the shaft and driven by the shaft is mounted in the conveying direction after the perforated plates. Of the Ejector serves to maintain the rotational movement of the product before it is conveyed out of the crushing machine through a spout. Product delivery can be assisted by suction from the outlet side.

Bevorzugt ist in Förderrichtung des zu zerkleinernden Produkts vor dem Schneidkopf eine weitere stationäre Lochplatte angeordnet, die mit einem weiteren Schneidkopf zusammenwirkt. Das Vorsehen eines oder ggf. mehrerer solcher Paare, die aus einer stationären Lochplatte und einem rotierenden Schneidkopf gebildet sind, ermöglicht eine verbesserte Vorzerkleinerung des Produkts. Eines oder mehrere solcher zusätzlicher Paare können abhängig vom zu zerkleinernden Produkt ggf. zusätzlich in die Zerkleinerungsmaschine eingebaut werden.Preferably, in the conveying direction of the product to be crushed in front of the cutting head, a further stationary perforated plate is arranged, which cooperates with a further cutting head. The provision of one or possibly more such pairs, which are formed by a stationary perforated plate and a rotating cutting head, allows an improved pre-shredding of the product. Depending on the product to be shredded, one or more of such additional pairs may possibly additionally be installed in the crusher.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist in Förderrichtung stromabwärts von den Lochplatten ein Zentrifugalschneidring angeordnet. Ein Zentrifugalschneidring bildet einen Schneidsatz, der auf dem Rotor-Stator-Prinzip basiert. Der Rotor ist typischer Weise radial innen liegend angeordnet und von dem radial außen liegenden ringförmigen Stator umgeben. Der Rotor weist Messerklingen auf, die mit Schnittspalten des Stators zur Zerkleinerung des Produkts in der Art eines Scherenschnitts zusammenwirken. Durch die bei der Drehung des Rotors entstehende Zentrifugalkraft wird das Produkt radial nach außen in die Scherzone zwischen dem Rotor und dem Stator getragen und das Produkt wird durch die Schnittspalte des Stators radial nach außen abgeführt. In der Scherzone erzeugt der Rotor eine Schnittbewegung und der Stator wirkt als Gegenschere. Die zusätzliche Verwendung des Zentrifugalschneidrings ermöglicht es, die Zerkleinerung eines Produkts mit einer definierten Partikelgröße vorzunehmen, wie sie beispielsweise für die Herstellung von Kindernahrung benötigt wird.In an advantageous embodiment, a centrifugal cutting ring is arranged downstream of the perforated plates in the conveying direction. A centrifugal cutting ring forms a cutting set based on the rotor-stator principle. The rotor is typically disposed radially inward and surrounded by the radially outer annular stator. The rotor has knife blades which interact with cutting gaps of the stator for comminuting the product in the manner of a shear cut. The centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the rotor carries the product radially outward into the shear zone between the rotor and the stator, and the product is discharged radially outwardly through the kerf of the stator. In the shear zone, the rotor generates a cutting movement and the stator acts as a counter scissors. The additional use of the centrifugal cutting ring makes it possible to carry out the comminution of a product with a defined particle size, as required, for example, for the production of baby food.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung. Ebenso können die vorstehend genannten und die noch weiter aufgeführten Merkmale je für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebigen Kombinationen Verwendung finden. Die gezeigten und beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind nicht als abschließende Aufzählung zu verstehen, sondern haben vielmehr beispielhaften Charakter für die Schilderung der Erfindung.Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and the drawings. Likewise, the features mentioned above and the features listed further can be used individually or in combination in any combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as exhaustive enumeration, but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsmaschine in einer Schnittdarstellung, und
Fig. 2
eine Explosionszeichnung der Zerkleinerungsmaschine von Fig. 1.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of an embodiment of a crushing machine according to the invention in a sectional view, and
Fig. 2
an exploded view of the crusher of Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 zeigen eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine 1, die ein Einlaufgehäuse 2 zum Zuführen eines zu zerkleinernden Produkts, beispielsweise von Fleisch (Brät), Rohstoffen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs (Fisch, Gemüse), ... aufweist. An das Einlaufgehäuse 2 schließt sich in Förderrichtung des Produkts stromabwärts ein Schneidsatzgehäuse 3 an, in dem ein Schneidsatz 4 untergebracht ist, der auf einer angetriebenen, horizontal gelagerten Welle 5 (Motorwelle) montiert ist und der zur Zerkleinerung des Produkts, typischer Weise eines Lebensmittels, beispielsweise Fleisch, dient. In Förderrichtung stromabwärts von dem Schneidsatz 4 ist ein Auslaufgehäuse 6 angebracht, um das zerkleinerte Produkt abzuführen. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a crushing machine 1, which has an inlet housing 2 for supplying a product to be minced, for example, meat (meat), raw materials of vegetable or animal origin (fish, vegetables), ... To the inlet housing 2 is followed downstream in the conveying direction of the product, a cutting set housing 3, in which a cutting set 4 is housed, which is mounted on a driven, horizontally mounted shaft 5 (motor shaft) and for crushing the product, typically a food, for example, meat, serves. In the conveying direction downstream of the cutting set 4, an outlet housing 6 is mounted to remove the comminuted product.

Wie in Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist, sind auf der Welle 5 ausgehend vom Einlaufgehäuse 2 der Reihe nach eine Distanzhülse 7 und ein Schneid- bzw. Messerkopf 8 angebracht, der mit einer in dem Schneidsatzgehäuse 3 angeordneten ersten stationären Lochplatte 9 zum Vorzerkleinern des Produkts zusammenwirkt. Der Schneidkopf 8 ist drehfest an der mit Nuten versehenen Welle 5 gelagert und wird von dieser angetrieben. Der Schneidkopf 8 übt auf das Produkt eine Zentrifugalkraft aus, so dass insbesondere angesammelte Fremdkörper in radialer Richtung nach außen getragen werden, wo diese über ein Ausscheideventil ausgeschleust werden können.As in Fig. 2 can be seen, are on the shaft 5, starting from the inlet housing 2 in order a spacer sleeve 7 and a cutting or cutter head 8 is mounted, which cooperates with a arranged in the Schneidsatzgehäuse 3 first stationary perforated plate 9 for pre-crushing the product. The cutting head 8 is rotatably mounted on the grooved shaft 5 and is driven by this. The cutting head 8 exerts a centrifugal force on the product, so that in particular accumulated foreign bodies are carried in the radial direction to the outside, where they can be discharged via an excretion valve.

In Förderrichtung des Produkts stromabwärts ist eine Baugruppe angebracht, die eine erste und zweite rotierende Lochplatte 11, 12 aufweist, zwischen denen eine zweite stationäre Lochplatte 13 angeordnet ist. In einer zentrischen Öffnung der zweiten stationären Lochplatte 13 ist ein Distanzring 14 eingesetzt. Wie in Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist, sind an den einander gegenüber liegenden Seiten des Distanzrings 14 die erste und zweite rotierende Lochplatte 11, 12 mit Hilfe von Schrauben befestigt. Der Distanzring 14 und somit auch die beiden rotierenden Lochplatten 11, 12 können um die stationäre Lochplatte 13 gedreht werden.In the conveying direction of the product downstream of an assembly is mounted, which has a first and second rotating perforated plate 11, 12, between which a second stationary perforated plate 13 is arranged. In a central opening of the second stationary perforated plate 13, a spacer ring 14 is inserted. As in Fig. 2 can be seen, the first and second rotating perforated plate 11, 12 are fastened by means of screws on the opposite sides of the spacer ring 14. The spacer ring 14 and thus also the two rotating perforated plates 11, 12 can be rotated about the stationary perforated plate 13.

Um eine Kraftübertragung von der Welle 5 auf den Distanzring 14 zu ermöglichen, werden sechs Mitnehmerbolzen 15 einer Mitnehmerbuchse 16 durch entsprechende Durchgangsbohrungen in dem Distanzring 14 gesteckt. Die freien Enden der Mitnehmerbolzen 15 werden von Durchgangsbohrungen in einem scheibenförmigen Deckel 17 aufgenommen, der in der zentrischen Öffnung einer dritten stationären Lochplatte 18 verdrehbar angeordnet ist und mit der Welle 5 mitrotiert.In order to enable a power transmission from the shaft 5 to the spacer ring 14, six drive pins 15 of a driver bush 16 are inserted through corresponding through holes in the spacer ring 14. The free ends of the driving pins 15 are received by through holes in a disk-shaped cover 17 which is rotatably arranged in the central opening of a third stationary perforated plate 18 and rotates with the shaft 5.

Die Anordnung mit den beiden rotierenden Lochplatten 11, 12 sowie der ersten bis dritten stationären Lochplatte 9, 13, 18 wird mittels eines äußeren Führungsrings 19 in radialer Richtung eingespannt und bildet eine Lochplatten-Kassette 10. Die beiden rotierenden Lochplatten 11, 12 weisen einen geringfügig kleineren Außendurchmesser als die stationären Lochplatten 9, 13, 18 auf, weshalb auf diese zwei in Fig. 2 gezeigte äußere Distanzringe 20a,b aufgebracht werden, um einen Durchtritt des Produkts zu verhindern. Der Schneidsatz 4 wird durch einen Auswerfer 21 komplettiert, der mittels einer Mutter und über eine Druckscheibe an der Welle 5 montiert wird. Der Auswerfer 21 dient dazu, das zerkleinerte Produkt in eine Drehbewegung zu versetzen, bevor dieses über das Auslaufgehäuse 6 aus der Zerkleinerungsmaschine 1 entfernt wird.The arrangement with the two rotating perforated plates 11, 12 and the first to third stationary perforated plate 9, 13, 18 is clamped by means of an outer guide ring 19 in the radial direction and forms a perforated plate cassette 10. The two rotating perforated plates 11, 12 have a slight smaller outer diameter than the stationary perforated plates 9, 13, 18, which is why these two in Fig. 2 shown outer spacers 20a, b are applied to prevent passage of the product. The cutting set 4 is completed by an ejector 21 which is mounted on the shaft 5 by means of a nut and a thrust washer. The ejector 21 serves to set the comminuted product in a rotary motion before it is removed via the outlet housing 6 from the crushing machine 1.

Die Mitnehmerbuchse 16 ist drehfest auf der Welle 5 gelagert. Bei der Drehung der Welle 5 durch die Mitnehmerbolzen 15 werden daher die beiden rotierenden Lochplatten 11, 12 ebenfalls in eine Drehbewegung versetzt, um zur Zerkleinerung des Produkts mit jeweils zwei der drei stationären Lochplatten 9, 13, 18 zusammenzuwirken. Zwischen den stationären Lochplatten 9, 13, 18 und den rotierenden Lochplatten 11, 12 ist ein sehr kleiner Spalt gebildet. Das Produkt selbst dient als Schmiermittel und verhindert, dass es bei der Rotation der Welle 5 zu Abrieb an den Lochplatten 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 kommt. Die Lochplatten 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 bewirken eine Zerkleinerung sowie eine Emulgierung und Homogenisierung des Produkts. Da die Winkel der Schneidkanten bei 90° liegen, wird das Schneidgut eher zerschlagen und zerquetscht als geschnitten, so dass das Produkt cremiger erscheint als dies bei der Zerkleinerung durch das Zusammenwirken des Schneidkopfs 8 und der ersten stationären Lochplatte 9 der Fall ist. Der axiale Abstand A zwischen der Vorderseite der ersten stationären Lochplatte 9 und dem Schneidkopf 8 ist in gewissen Grenzen einstellbar. Auf diese Weise kann der Grad der Vorzerkleinerung des Produkts sowie die Durchsatzmenge und der Wärmeeintrag in das Produkt beeinflusst werden. Auch kann es günstig sein, wenn der Schneidkopf 8, genauer gesagt dessen (nicht dargestellte) Messerklingen, mit der ersten stationären Lochplatte 9 bei der Drehbewegung in Anlage gebracht werden können, um diese falls erforderlich nachzuschärfen. Zu den genannten Zwecken ist eine maximale Variation des Abstands A von wenigen Millimetern, in der Regel nur von einem oder von mehreren Zehnteln eines Millimeters, ausreichend. Aufgrund des sehr kleinen Spalts bzw. der sehr geringen Distanz zwischen den stationären Lochplatten 9, 13, 18 und den jeweils benachbarten rotierenden Lochplatten 11, 12 können die rotierenden Lochplatten 11, 12 bei der axialen Verschiebung der Welle 5 nicht mit verschoben werden.The Mitnehmerbuchse 16 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 5. Upon rotation of the shaft 5 by the driving pins 15, therefore, the two rotating perforated plates 11, 12 are also set in a rotational movement to co-operate with each of the two stationary perforated plates 9, 13, 18 for comminuting the product. Between the stationary perforated plates 9, 13, 18 and the rotating perforated plates 11, 12 a very small gap is formed. The product itself serves as a lubricant and prevents abrasion of the perforated plates 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 during rotation of the shaft 5. The perforated plates 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 cause comminution and emulsification and homogenization of the product. Since the angles of the cutting edges are at 90 °, the cut material is more likely to be crushed and crushed than cut, making the product creamier appears as this is the case in the comminution by the interaction of the cutting head 8 and the first stationary perforated plate 9. The axial distance A between the front of the first stationary perforated plate 9 and the cutting head 8 is adjustable within certain limits. In this way, the degree of pre-crushing of the product as well as the flow rate and the heat input into the product can be influenced. It may also be advantageous if the cutting head 8, more precisely its (not shown) knife blades, can be brought into abutment with the first stationary perforated plate 9 during the rotational movement to re-sharpen if necessary. For the purposes mentioned, a maximum variation of the distance A of a few millimeters, usually only one or more tenths of a millimeter, is sufficient. Due to the very small gap or the very small distance between the stationary perforated plates 9, 13, 18 and the respective adjacent rotating perforated plates 11, 12, the rotating perforated plates 11, 12 in the axial displacement of the shaft 5 can not be moved.

Um dennoch den Abstand A zwischen dem Schneidkopf 8 und der ersten stationären Lochplatte 9 einstellen zu können, ist es erforderlich, die Welle 5 in axialer Richtung relativ zu den rotierenden Lochplatten 11, 12 zu verschieben, was durch die weiter oben beschriebene Mitnehmerbuchse 16 ermöglicht wird, die bei der axialen Verschiebung der Welle 5 mit verschoben wird, während die zwischen der Mitnehmerbuchse 16 und dem Deckel 17 angebrachte Lochplatten-Kassette 10 in axialer Richtung ortsfest in dem Schneidsatzgehäuse 3 verbleibt. Zur axialen Fixierung des Schneidsatzes 4 ist an demjenigen Ende des Schneidsatzgehäuses 3, welches dem Einlaufgehäuse 2 zugewandt ist, ein Stützring 22 angebracht und am anderen Ende des Schneidsatzgehäuses 3, welches dem Auslaufgehäuse 6 zugewandt ist, ist ein ringförmiges Druckstück 23 angebracht.Nevertheless, in order to adjust the distance A between the cutting head 8 and the first stationary perforated plate 9, it is necessary to move the shaft 5 in the axial direction relative to the rotating perforated plates 11, 12, which is made possible by the Mitnehmerbuchse 16 described above which is displaced in the axial displacement of the shaft 5, while the mounted between the drive sleeve 16 and the cover 17 perforated plate cassette 10 remains fixed in the axial direction in the cutting set housing 3. For axial fixing of the cutting set 4, a support ring 22 is attached to that end of the cutting set housing 3, which faces the inlet housing 2, and at the other end of the cutting set housing 3, which faces the outlet housing 6, an annular pressure piece 23 is attached.

Die axiale Verschiebung der Welle 5 kann beispielsweise mittels eines Handrads auch während des Betriebs der Zerkleinerungsmaschine 1 erfolgen, um den gewünschten Abstand A zwischen der ersten stationären Lochplatte 9 und dem Schneidkopf 8 einzustellen. Alternativ zur axialen Verschiebung der Welle 5 kann der Abstand A auch durch eine Verschiebung des Schneidsatzes 4 bzw. der Lochplatten 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 relativ zum Schneidsatzgehäuse 3 und zu einer in axialer Richtung stationären Welle erfolgen, wie dies beispielsweise in der eingangs zitierten DE 199 60 409 A1 beschrieben ist.The axial displacement of the shaft 5 can also take place, for example, by means of a handwheel during the operation of the comminuting machine 1 in order to set the desired distance A between the first stationary perforated plate 9 and the cutting head 8. Alternatively to the axial displacement of the shaft 5, the Distance A is also effected by a displacement of the cutting set 4 or the perforated plates 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 relative to the cutting set housing 3 and to a stationary shaft in the axial direction, as for example in the cited above DE 199 60 409 A1 is described.

Durch die Vorzerkleinerung mittels des Schneidkopfs 8 ist es möglich, die Durchmesser der Löcher der Lochplatten 9, 11, 13, 12, 18 nicht wie sonst üblich in Förderrichtung des Produkts abnehmend auszubilden, vielmehr können auch die Durchmesser der Löcher von in Förderrichtung vorderen Lochplatten kleiner gewählt werden als die Durchmesser von Löchern von in Förderrichtung nachfolgenden Lochplatten. Beispielsweise sind in Fig. 2 die Durchmesser der Löcher der ersten stationären Lochplatte 9 etwas kleiner als die Durchmesser der Löcher der ersten rotierenden Lochplatte 11. Die Durchmesser der Löcher der weiteren Lochplatten 13, 12, 18 nehmen hingegen in Förderrichtung des Produkts ab, wie in Fig. 2 gut zu erkennen ist.By pre-crushing by means of the cutting head 8, it is possible not to form the diameter of the holes of the perforated plates 9, 11, 13, 12, 18 decreasing as usual in the conveying direction of the product, but also the diameter of the holes of front in the conveying direction perforated plates smaller can be selected as the diameter of holes of subsequent perforated plates in the conveying direction. For example, in Fig. 2 the diameters of the holes of the first stationary perforated plate 9 are slightly smaller than the diameters of the holes of the first rotating perforated plate 11. The diameters of the holes of the further perforated plates 13, 12, 18 decrease in the conveying direction of the product, as in FIG Fig. 2 easy to recognize.

Zur zusätzlichen Zerkleinerung des Produkts können in Förderrichtung vor dem Schneidkopf 8 weitere rotierende Schneidköpfe angebracht werden, die mit weiteren stationären Lochplatten zusammenwirken. Auch bei diesen Schneidköpfen kann durch eine Verschiebung der Welle 5 in axialer Richtung der jeweilige axiale Abstand zur stationären Lochplatte eingestellt werden. Es versteht sich, dass das Schneidsatzgehäuse 3 in diesem Fall in axialer Richtung größer dimensioniert werden muss als dies in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 der Fall ist.For additional comminution of the product 8 further rotating cutting heads can be mounted in the conveying direction in front of the cutting head, which cooperate with other stationary perforated plates. Even with these cutting heads can be adjusted by a displacement of the shaft 5 in the axial direction of the respective axial distance to the stationary perforated plate. It is understood that the cutting set housing 3 must be dimensioned larger in this case in the axial direction than in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 the case is.

Es ist insbesondere auch möglich, alternativ zu dem hier beschriebenen Schneidsatz 4 eine andere Art von Schneidsatz in das Schneidsatzgehäuse 3 einzubringen, beispielsweise einen Schneidsatz, in dem ausschließlich Lochplatten mit Schneidköpfen zusammenwirken, um einen Scherenschnitt zu erzeugen, oder einen Schneidsatz, in dem das Schneiden zusätzlich mittels eines Zentrifugalschneidrings (Rotor-Stator-Prinzip) erfolgt, der in Förderrichtung stromabwärts von den Lochplatten 9, 11, 12, 13, 18 angeordnet ist. Idealer Weise sind die unterschiedlichen Schneidsätze so dimensioniert, dass diese in ein- und dasselbe Schneidsatzgehäuse 3 passen. Die Zerkleinerungsmaschine 1 bietet somit eine hohe Flexibilität sowie kurze Rüstzeiten beim Austausch der Schneidsätze.In particular, it is also possible, as an alternative to the cutting set 4 described here, to introduce a different kind of cutting set into the cutting set housing 3, for example a cutting set in which only perforated plates cooperate with cutting heads to produce a paper cut, or a cutting set in which the cutting takes place additionally takes place by means of a Zentrifugalschneidrings (rotor-stator principle), which is arranged in the conveying direction downstream of the perforated plates 9, 11, 12, 13, 18. Ideally, the different cutting sets are dimensioned so that they fit into one and the same set of cutting tools 3. The crushing machine 1 thus offers high flexibility and short set-up times when replacing the cutting sets.

Claims (12)

  1. Mincing machine (1) for mincing a product, in particular for mincing meat, comprising:
    at least one stationary hole plate (9, 13, 18) and at least one rotating hole plate (11, 12) which interact to mince the product,
    a rotating cutter head (8) mounted on a shaft (5), wherein said cutter head is arranged upstream of the hole plates (9, 11, 13, 18) in the conveying direction of the product to be minced in order to interact with a stationary hole plate (9) to mince the product
    characterised in that
    an axial gap (A) between the cutter head (8) and the stationary hole plate (9) is adjustable.
  2. Mincing machine according to claim 1, wherein the shaft (5) is mounted horizontally.
  3. Mincing machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotating hole plates (11, 12) are coupled to the shaft to move with the shaft (5).
  4. Mincing machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stationary hole plate (9) and/or the cutter head (8) are movable in the axial direction for adjusting the gap (A).
  5. Mincing machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft (5) is mounted to be movable in the axial direction.
  6. Mincing machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the force transfer of the shaft (5) to the rotating hole plates (11, 12) is carried out by driving pins (15) movable in the axial direction relative to the rotating hole plates (11, 12).
  7. Mincing machine according to one of the preceding claims, which has two rotating hole plates (11, 12) which are attached on opposite sides of a spacer ring (14) wherein a stationary hole plate (13) is fitted between the two rotating hole plates (11, 12).
  8. Mincing machine according to claim 6 and 7, wherein the driving pins (15) pass right through through-holes in the spacer ring (14).
  9. Mincing machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the diameters of the holes of a hole plate (9) at the front in the conveying direction are smaller than the diameter of the holes of at least one hole plate (11, 12, 13, 18) succeeding in the conveying direction.
  10. Mincing machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an ejector (21) rotating with the shaft (5) is mounted downstream of the hole plates (9, 11, 12, 13, 18) in the conveying direction.
  11. Mincing machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a further stationary hole plate is arranged upstream of the cutter head (8) in the conveying direction wherein said stationary hole plate interacts with a further cutter head to mince the product.
  12. Mincing machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a centrifugal cutting ring is arranged downstream of the hole plates (9, 11, 12, 13, 18) in the conveying direction.
EP15179795.8A 2014-08-22 2015-08-05 Grinding machine for grinding of a product Active EP2987557B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102014216720.5A DE102014216720A1 (en) 2014-08-22 2014-08-22 Crushing machine for crushing a product

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US (1) US10682650B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2987557B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102014216720A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2625806T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE033320T2 (en)
PL (1) PL2987557T3 (en)

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WO2023217938A1 (en) 2022-05-11 2023-11-16 Inotec Gmbh Maschinenentwicklung Und Vertrieb Apparatus for mincing a product to be minced
DE102022122711B3 (en) 2022-09-07 2024-03-07 Karl Schnell Gmbh & Co. Kg Shredding machine with a multi-part housing
DE102022122710A1 (en) 2022-09-07 2024-03-07 Karl Schnell Gmbh & Co. Kg Crushing machine and method for chopping a product while supplying a fluid

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CN112004606B (en) * 2018-04-26 2022-05-24 生活时间品牌公司 Shredding machine
MX2021011332A (en) 2019-03-18 2021-10-13 Cozzini Llc Emulsification system.
US11850599B2 (en) * 2020-03-20 2023-12-26 Jesse James LEWIN Mounting ring installation system for a meat grinding system
CN213792060U (en) * 2020-11-09 2021-07-27 东莞市振中康精密传动科技有限公司 Meat grinder
US20230278041A1 (en) * 2022-03-01 2023-09-07 Provisur Technologies, Inc Separator and feed screw for a grinding machine

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DE102022122710A1 (en) 2022-09-07 2024-03-07 Karl Schnell Gmbh & Co. Kg Crushing machine and method for chopping a product while supplying a fluid
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2987557A1 (en) 2016-02-24
DE102014216720A1 (en) 2016-02-25
PL2987557T3 (en) 2017-09-29
US20160051990A1 (en) 2016-02-25
US10682650B2 (en) 2020-06-16
HUE033320T2 (en) 2017-11-28
ES2625806T3 (en) 2017-07-20

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