DE102010055785B4 - Konti cutter vacuum - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for conveying comminuted material in a comminution machine, in particular for meat (sausage meat), which works with at least one stationary perforated plate (10, 10I, 10II, 10III) through which the sausage meat flows and - with at least one rotating perforated plate and at least one stationary perforated plate (10 , 10I, 10II, 10III) cooperating cutting device, - with promotion of the comminuted material after crushing and - the comminuted material flows through the holes (12, 13) of at least one cooperating with the stationary perforated plate (10, 10I, 10II, 10III) cutting device, characterized in that - that the cutting device is designed as a cutting hole plate (7, 7I, 7II, 7III, 7IV), - that the promotion is due to a negative pressure (vacuum), - that this negative pressure at the exit of the holes (12, 13) consists or and - the distance of the hole openings to opposite surfaces between 1/100 and 5/10 mm lies (water jet pump effect, Bernoulli effect), so - that due to the effect of acting in the conveying direction on the sausage meat vacuum (delivery vacuum) is formed.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a method for the promotion of comminuted material in a crusher for meat (sausage meat) according to the preamble of the main claim or a crushing machine, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2, according to the preamble of the independent claim 3. An essential feature in all methods of this type and crushing machines consists in the promotion of the sausage meat through the holes of the perforated plates, wherein the sausage meat is crushed.

In a known crusher of this type ( DE 199 60 409 A1 ) four consecutively arranged cutting sets are each provided with a stationary perforated plate, wherein a provided with knife blades cutting head for crushing the material to be cut is driven in rotation and according to its design presses the material to be cut through the holes of the perforated plate. The number of holes in the conveying direction is likewise increasing in accordance with the delivery rate in an increasing conveying direction, so that approximately one overall passage cross section is maintained. When in the direction of flow last cutting set, which is followed by an ejector for the cut meat, a possible unhindered forwarding or onward flow of the sausage meat should be possible. If it turns out that "the activity between cutting blades and perforated plate is no longer optimal, the distance between cutting blades and perforated plates must be adjusted. For this purpose, the drive not shown in detail ... ". The promotion of the sausage meat takes place in any case via the appropriately arranged obliquely to the direction of rotation and sliding over the perforated plates Messenrklingen.

Apart from the fact that these aids in the form of distance promotion of the rotating to the stationary parts means a deterioration of the function, it is unavoidable that, if sufficient crushing is to be achieved, the cutting blades come into contact with the perforated plates, where it inevitably to a Metal abrasion comes, with the result of contamination of the cut material. Due to the friction between the cutting blade and the perforated plate, there is additional frictional heat, so that the cell protein of the sausage meat is coagulated and thus does not remain in the meat, which mainly affects the flavor development. Due to the nature of the flexibility within the cutting sets, the uniformity of the fineness of the sausage meat is not subject to any controllable limits, which is insufficient, for example, in the case of fine sausages and the productivity demanded today.

In another known crushing machine of the generic type ( CH 489279 ), in which the cutter head is axially displaceable, this is surrounded by the central axis coil springs in the direction of perforated disc - while mounted axially displaceable - a Vorschneider and blade holder is provided and due to the axial relative position of the perforated disc obliquely facing front surfaces of the cutter head arms the required promotional Pumping action is generated. An automatic adjustment of the knife blades to the position of the perforated disc is achieved in that the blade holder can wobble slightly on the drive shaft. In any case, there is a metal scraping between knives and perforated plate, which leads to a contamination of the material to be cut with metal abrasion.

In all known crushing machines for meat an ejector of the shredded material is required, which is immediately downstream of the last cutting set. In some cases, a centrifugal ejector or conveyor is provided here, in some cases an upstream or downstream pump. In any case, the conveying of the sausage meat has so far been unsatisfactorily solved.

The publication CH 359 053 A describes a crushing, emulsifying and homogenizing machine with a knife rotating over a perforated plate, wherein at the same time several perforated plates with increasing from one perforated plate to another downwards number and fineness of the holes at a mutual distance for continuous operation are arranged one above the other and that about each so stationary perforated plate a at least two-armed knife is arranged on a perforated plate passing through the working shaft, the blades are individually axially adjustable and the individual perforated plates held by interposed spacer bushings at a distance and together with these and the blade sets and a part of the drive shaft to a replaceable as a whole Working set are summarized and each of the rotating knife sets by means of a permanently fixed to the shaft threaded ring and a locking member in the axial direction individually adjustable in height and lockable. The disadvantage of this is that, for example, the blades of the two-armed knives can wear, which leads to a subsequent poorer crushing of the material to be crushed and can lead to a contamination of the goods with metal abrasion on the other hand.

In the published patent application GB 205 422 A discloses a mill-type crushing machine of a completely different kind, where the features claimed there easily exchangeable or replaceable spacers between stationary Discs with or without openings relate to. These work together for the grinding effect with the driven disks. The disadvantage of this is that caused by the fixed discs and the driven discs no conveying effect.

Underlying task

The invention has for its object to develop a method or a crushing machine in which the sausage meat is promoted, without affecting mechanical or temperature means, in particular evenly and also through the perforated plate with the holes smallest diameter.

This object is achieved by a method for conveying comminuted material in a comminuting machine having the features of claim 1 and a comminution machine, in particular for carrying out the conveying method according to claim 1 or 2, having the features of claim 3. Advantageous developments of the method or the size reduction machine are specified in the subclaims.

The invention and its advantages

• – erfolgt keine vorzeitige Teilkoagulation des Eiweißes im Brät durch Reibungswärme,
• – die Körnung bzw. Feinheit kann exakt vorbestimmt werden und
• – der Vakuumeffekt bewirkt vorteilhafterweise eine Reduzierung der Luft und damit des Sauerstoffgehaltes in der Emulsion des Bräts.

The inventive method for the promotion of crushed material and a crushing machine according to the invention are called in the characterizing features of the main claim and claim 3 over known methods and machines have the advantage that in the cutting planes between the cutting devices due to the small distance from perforated plate to cutting tool a mechanical Vacuum is generated. This vacuum, which works in the manner of a water jet pump, the sausage meat is sucked through the holes of the perforated plates due to the flow rate of the thin sausage meat. Due to this continuous mechanical promotion of the material to be cut by the cutting set

• No premature partial coagulation of the protein in the sausage meat occurs due to frictional heat,
• - The grain or fineness can be exactly predetermined and
• - The vacuum effect advantageously causes a reduction of the air and thus the oxygen content in the emulsion of the sausage meat.

This in turn causes a significant reduction in fat oxidation (the reaction of fatty acids and oxygen) in the sausage meat, resulting in a longer shelf life of the product. In addition, the depletion of air / oxygen reduces germ proliferation in the meat. To generate this water jet pumping effect, d. H. the vacuum promoting the sausage meat, only a stream of jet water is required and no other moving parts, this jet stream results through the change of the hole cross sections during the interaction of the cutting blade and perforated plate, however, for the effectiveness of a correspondingly small distance between the bore mouth and baffle required.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a plurality of cutting planes are formed by perforated plates, wherein the vacuum effect or conveying effect according to Bernoulli arises in the direction of flow of the sausage meat between the cutting sets.

After Nebenanspruch 3 there is a defined axial distance between the perforated plates and the cutting device between 1/100 and 5/10 mm, which on the meat according to the principle of the water jet pump, a Vakuumpumpwirkung is generated.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention serve as a cutting device also perforated plates, which are driven in rotation, wherein the holes in number and location correspond to those of the stationary perforated plates and said cutting hole plates are mounted parallel to the stationary perforated plates, so that due to a small distance between the plates the Brätförderung invention or the vacuum effect arises. These two or three perforated plates having cutting sets also have the advantage that a very fine sausage meat can be produced without contamination by metal abrasions and without premature coagulation of cellular protein. A harmful frictional heat is avoided. Instead of always having an abrasion entailing cutting blades in the cutting sets of the known machines, the cutting of the sausage meat is effected by cooperation of the corresponding holes of the rotating perforated plates with those of the stationary perforated plates, wherein the sharp outlet edges of the holes of the stationary perforated plates with the also sharp input edges slicing the meat from the holes in the rotating cut-hole plates. This extremely effective cutting without blade wear is known in scissors, in particular, bone-containing parts are cut between the shearing edges of the passing holes.

An additional advantage is that the feed pressure for the sausage meat in this type of cutting method can be much lower than in the known cutting sets that operate with cutting blades, in which the cutting blades assume the conveying function due to their design and their arrangement towards the perforated plate. Apart from the fact that an extreme fineness and perfect emulsification of the sausage meat can be achieved, the shredding machine according to the invention is extremely efficient up to 700,000 cuts per second. The rotational speed of the rotating inserts can be infinitely variable, which accommodates the field of application. The fact that, in contrast to the known working with cutting blades cutting sets, no unnecessary frictional heat generated in the crushing machine according to the invention, the cell protein is not coagulated prematurely and remains completely for binding and full flavor in the sausage meat.

According to an additional embodiment of the invention, at least two existing of stationary perforated plates and associated cutting hole plates cutting planes are provided, wherein the holes or the total hole cross-section in a flow direction in the first hole plate is up to 50% larger than in the subsequent perforated plate. Due to the simple structure, namely the parallel superimposed plates up to six or more cutting planes are possible. The nature of the given structure thus allows a high number of cutting sets, in which the stationary perforated plates are anchored in a known manner in the simplest way in a wedge arranged in the housing against rotation. The rotating cutting hole plates are due to the parallel arrangement can be driven very easily via central means, due to the structural design of a perforated plate no incriminating centrifugal forces arise. Since a radial seal for the sausage meat is not required due to the plate system, but the seal is caused by the size of the running surfaces to each other, it is also in this point an extremely simple construction. The drive of the cutting hole plates can either be done via a central shaft or by the rotating cutting plates mounted on an axle and driven by driving pin. The drive of the cutting blades via a central shaft is known per se ( DE 199 60 409 A1 ). The 50% larger total passage area of the first plate is used primarily to get a flow start of the sausage meat.

According to an additional embodiment of the invention in a central guide bore of the stationary perforated plates rotatably mounted on a main axis and provided with the cutting holes mitrotierender spacer ring, the hole, in consequence of its thickness, especially with multiple cutting sets the axial distance from rotating cutting hole plate in the conveying direction next rotating cutting hole plate determined.

This makes it possible to keep the distance between all cutting hole plates and the associated perforated plate so small that thereby a conveying effect in the sense of a water jet pump arises. In this case, the distance to 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm is possible, d. H. a distance of 1/100 to 5/10 mm. At distances smaller than 1/100 mm, however, this Bernoulli effect is hardly effective and of course also at distances of more than 5/10 mm. A production of more than 5/10 mm is also difficult.

According to an additional embodiment of the invention, the speed of the cutting hole plates is changeable and adjustable, with more than 270000 cuts per kilogram of meat are possible. This is especially true for Feinbratsorten, which usually accounts for more than 60% of all cases. The drive motors run between 2950 and 3150 rpm, whereby by means of a translation the speed is adapted to the needs. After all, there are more than 270000 cuts per kilogram, which should not be exceeded anyway.

An additional advantage of the claimed crusher can also be that with several cutting planes, the holes in either the orifice plates or stationary perforated plates are preferably round but could also be oval or kidney-shaped. Important for safe operation, the passage areas of the holes per interacting plate only + -5% from the subsequent deviate, so that no blockages arise due to different cross-sections.

The essence of the invention is that the Brätförderung is independent of the mechanical engineering design due to the vacuum or vacuum effect of the water jet principle of subsidized sausage meat. This principle follows the well-known Bernoulli equation.

Drawing and description of an embodiment

As shown in the drawing is in a housing 1 which is covered by a lid 2 is closed and on a pedestal 3 is fixed, arranged a crushing machine. About a funnel 4 the stuff to be crushed, in particular sausage meat, filled. A second funnel 5 Forwards the meat to the actual crusher.

In this particular example, the crusher has a shaft 6 on the successively rotating inserts 7 and co-rotating spacers 8th are arranged. The spacers are in a central bore 9 stationary perforated plates 10 rotatably arranged.

The stationary perforated plates 10 are over a wedge 11 arranged in the housing secured against rotation and have holes in a known manner 12 for the passage of the material to be crushed, for example, roast on. In the upstream of these stationary perforated plates is a rotating insert 7 ^I arranged with according to the shredded good relatively large cutting holes 13 so that the meat is above the funnel 4 and the lid 2 and one inside the lid 2 arranged access 14 in a funnel-shaped inlet 15 to the hole 13 the rotating insert 7 ^I and from there to the hole 12 ^I the stationary perforated plate 10 arrives. Between the two perforated plates or the holes facing each other there 12 ^I and 13 ^I consist cutting edges 16 on the one hand on the output edges of the holes of the rotating cutting plates and on the other hand on the inlet edges of the holes in the stationary perforated plates, wherein upon rotation of the inserts 7 the material to be cut at the cutting edges 16 scissor-like is cut.

Also in the example according to the invention several cutting sets are arranged one behind the other, wherein it is important that with the decreasing hole diameters in the conveying direction, the respective total passage area deviates at most 4-5% from one another. Unless, for the first insert, the above-mentioned holes have 50% larger diameter. In the following, the reference numbers of the corresponding parts are provided in the conveying direction with I, II or III or IV strokes to facilitate finding. An ejector 17 is also rotating on the shaft 6 stored, with the front side of this ejector 17 not shown bolts are arranged to penetrate the associated holes in the rotating inserts - to their entrainment - and also relevant holes in the spacers 8th , If necessary, these driving bolts can be used above the shaft 6 mounted centrifuge 18 be taken for the rotation.

The distance between the stationary perforated plate 10 ^III and the rotating insert 7 ^IV may be due to the thickness of the spacer ring 8th ^III are reduced so that this exerts on the material to be crushed a promotional effect in the sense of a water jet pump or the Bernoulli effect. This has the particular advantage that it is possible to dispense with additional means for conveying the comminuted material through the holes of the perforated plates.

All in the description, the following claims and the drawings illustrated features may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

casing

2

cover

3

base

4

feeding hopper

5

second funnel

6

wave

7

rotating insert

7 ^I

rotating insert

7 ^II

rotating insert

7 ^III

rotating insert

7 ^IV

rotating insert

8th

spacer

8 ^I

spacer

8 ^II

spacer

8 ^III

spacer

9

central hole

10

stationary perforated plate

10 ^l

stationary perforated plate

10 ^II

stationary perforated plate

10 ^III

stationary perforated plate

11

wedge

12

holes

12 ^I

hole

13

Insert holes

14

Access

15

inlet

16

cutting edges

17

ejector

18

centrifuge

19

Mechanical seal

Claims (6)

Method for conveying comminuted material in a comminuting machine, in particular for meat (sausage meat), which is equipped with at least one stationary perforated plate (FIG. 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) works and - with at least one rotationally driven and at least one stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) cooperating cutting device, - with promotion of the comminuted material after crushing and - the comminuted material through the holes ( 12 . 13 ) the at least one with the stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) co-operating cutting device, characterized in that - the cutting device as a cutting hole plate ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) is carried out, - that the promotion is due to a negative pressure (vacuum), - that this negative pressure at the exit of the holes ( 12 . 13 ) exists and / or is generated and - the distance of the hole mouths to opposite surfaces between 1/100 and 5/10 mm is (water jet pump effect, Bernoulli effect), so - that due to the effect of acting in the conveying direction on the sausage vacuum (delivery vacuum) arises. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of cutting planes are formed by perforated plates, wherein the conveying effect in the current direction of the sausage meat by the negative pressure forming between the Schneidsätzen (Bernoulli effect) is formed. Crushing machine especially for carrying out the conveying method according to claim 1 or 2, in particular for the comminution of foods such as meat (sausage meat), - with at least one cutting set comprising a stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ), wherein in the case of several cutting sets the holes of the stationary perforated plates ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) decrease in diameter in the conveying direction of the sausage meat from plate to plate, - with at least one rotationally driven and with the at least one stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) of the at least one cutting set cooperating cutting device for the sausage meat and - with a conveyor for the sausage meat, characterized in that - the cutting device as a cutting hole plate ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) is executed and, - that an axial distance between the at least one stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) and the cutting device with a defined distance between 1/100 and 5/10 mm, which exerts a vacuum pumping action on the sausage meat according to the principle of the water jet pump. Crushing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that in a cutting set the holes ( 12 . 13 ) of the cutting device in number and position of those of the stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) and wherein the cutting hole plate ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) parallel to the stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) is mounted, so that the cutting action is effected by the mutually facing hole edges. Crushing machine according to one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the axial distance between cutting hole plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) and the associated perforated plate defined for vacuum generation is between 1/100 to 5/10 mm. Crushing machine according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that axially between the cutting hole plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) co-rotating and their axial distance or the axial position determining spacer rings ( 8th . 8th ^I , 8th ^II , 8th ^III ) are arranged.

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