DE102010055786B4 - Perforated disc system - Google Patents

Abstract

Shredding machine for shredding food, especially meat (sausage meat), - with at least one cutting set, - with, per cutting set, a stationary perforated plate (10, 10I, 10II, 10III), in which the diameter of the individual holes (12) in Direction of conveyance of the meat from the stationary perforated plate (10, 10I, 10II, 10III) to a possible subsequent stationary perforated plate (10, 10I, 10II, 10III) decreases, - with at least one rotatingly driven and with the stationary perforated plate (10, 10I, 10II , 10III) for comminuting the sausage meat cooperating cutting device and - with a conveyor for the sausage meat, characterized in that - a perforated plate (7, 7I, 7II, 7III, 7IV) is also used as the cutting device, which is driven to form a cutting plane, - that the holes (13) in this perforated plate (7, 7I, 7II, 7III, 7IV) in number, position and diameter are those of the associated stationary perforated plate te (10, 10I, 10II, 10III) correspond - that this cutting hole plate (7, 7I, 7II, 7III, 7IV) is arranged parallel to the stationary hole plate (10, 10I, 10II, 10III), - so that the cutting effect for the sausage meat is brought about by the interaction of the outlet edges of the holes (12) of the stationary perforated plate (10, 10I, 10II, 10III) with the input edges of the holes (13) of the rotating cutting hole plate (7, 7I, 7II, 7III, 7IV).

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a crusher for the comminution of food, especially meat (sausage meat), according to the preamble of the main claim.

In a known crushing machine of the generic type (US Pat. DE 199 60 409 A1 ) four successively arranged cutting sets are provided, each with a perforated plate, wherein the perforated plates are anchored against rotation in the housing and wherein the sausage meat is pressed from cutting set to cutting set by narrowing or decreasing holes and comminuted via upstream of the holes arranged cutting devices in the form of knives , The knives are driven by a central axis, wherein the axial distance between the cutting blades is determined by spacer rings, which are arranged for their radial guidance within central holes of the perforated plates. In this known crushing machine are according to 3 four cutting sets arranged one behind the other and it is mentioned that in the absence of, caused by the cutting blades promotion of the sausage meat, the distance between the perforated plates or cutting blades to the perforated plates is changeable out, thereby to bring the promotion back into motion.

Apart from the fact that these aids in the form of distance promotion of the rotating to the stationary parts means a deterioration of the function, it is unavoidable that, if sufficient crushing is to be achieved, the cutting blades come into contact with the perforated plates, where it inevitably to a Metal abrasion comes, with the result of contamination of the cut material. Due to the friction between the cutting blade and the perforated plate, there is additional frictional heat, so that the cell protein of the sausage meat is coagulated and thus does not remain in the meat, which mainly affects the flavor development. Due to the nature of the flexibility within the cutting sets, the uniformity of the fineness of the sausage meat is not subject to any controllable limits, which is insufficient, for example, in the case of fine sausages and the productivity demanded today.

In another known crushing machine of the generic type ( CH 489279 ), in which the cutter head is axially displaceable, this is surrounded by the central axis coil springs in the direction of perforated disc - while axially displaceable - a Vorschneider and blade holder is provided and due to the axial relative position of the perforated disc obliquely facing front surfaces of the cutter head arms the required promotional Pumping action is generated. An automatic adjustment of the knife blades to the position of the perforated disc is achieved in that the blade holder can wobble slightly on the drive shaft. In any case, there is a metal scraping between knives and perforated plate, which leads to a contamination of the material to be cut with metal abrasion.

How difficult it is to counter the problem of wear between cutting heads and perforated discs is the DE 39 15 409 A1 can be removed, in which it is mentioned that the adjustment of the distance between the perforated plates and the cutting blades of the associated cutting heads is only possible by hand, for example by means of hand wheels. This could only be done with machine running with shredded material, in a so-called paper cutting, by hearing control. From the slightly scraping sound of the knife can be closed on the crushing effect in the machine, which experience shows when adjusting a lot of wear on the knife blades and the perforated plates, which, since this adjustment can only be done with machine to be crushed material, to an undesirable contamination of the Brats leads. In these known machines but can not be dispensed with during the operation of the machine adjustment of the gap, because the gap widths make immediately noticeable on the crushed material.

In yet another known crusher ( DE 17 57 274 ) are also the knife in the axial direction of the machine relative to the perforated plate displaceable by means of a centrifugal governor, with higher engine speeds, the distance between the cutting blades and the perforated plates is reduced by means of the centrifugal governor. As a result, the undesired friction between the cutting blades and the perforated plate increases as the desired rotational speed increases.

In the patent US 4,015,784 there is disclosed a device for emulsifying sausage dough or the like having a closed, cylindrical emulsifying chamber with an axial inlet opening at its upper end and with an outlet line at its lower end, wherein a drive shaft arrangement is rotatably arranged therein, several spaced apart and one above the other arranged perforated rings which are alternately formed as rotatable and non-rotatable rings, drives. Furthermore, a conveying device and a discharge device are provided in the interior of the emulsifying chamber, with the aid of which the sausage dough axially fed at the inlet opening is conveyed or out of the emulsifying chamber is discharged. A disadvantage of this technical solution is that in addition to the emulsifying a conveyor must be installed, which requires an increased design needs.

In any case, it is in all known crushing machines of this type to cooperating with the perforated plates cutting blades and the resulting harmful metal abrasion.

Underlying task

The invention has for its object to develop a crushing machine of the generic type, in which in several stages, d. H. in the conveying direction of the sausage meat in a plurality of successively arranged cutting sets, a comminution of the food, in particular of sausage meat, without the described disadvantages of the known crushing machines, namely the aforementioned metal abrasion with contamination and improper heating of the sausage meat, and this with maximum performance.

This object is achieved by a crusher with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the crushing machine are specified in the subclaims.

The invention and its advantages

The crusher according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage over the known machines that a very fine sausage meat can be produced without contamination by metal abrasions and without premature coagulation of the cell protein. A harmful frictional heat is avoided. Instead of always having an abrasion entailing cutting blades in the cutting sets of the known machines, the cutting of the sausage meat is effected by cooperation of the corresponding holes of the rotating perforated plates with those of the stationary perforated plates, wherein the sharp outlet edges of the holes of the stationary perforated plates with the also sharp input edges slicing the meat from the holes in the rotating cut-hole plates. This extremely effective cutting without blade wear is known in scissors, in particular, bone-containing parts are cut between the shearing edges of the passing holes.

An additional advantage is that the feed pressure for the sausage meat in this type of cutting method can be much lower than in the known cutting sets which operate with cutting blades, in which the cutting blades assume the conveying function due to their design and their arrangement towards the perforated plate. Apart from the fact that an extreme fineness and perfect emulsification of the sausage meat can be achieved, the shredding machine according to the invention is extraordinarily efficient up to 700,000 cuts per second. The rotational speed of the rotating inserts can be infinitely variable, which accommodates the field of application. The fact that, in contrast to the known working with cutting blades cutting sets, no unnecessary frictional heat generated in the crushing machine according to the invention, the cell protein is not prematurely coagulated and remains completely for binding and full flavor in the meat.

According to an additional embodiment of the invention, at least two existing of stationary perforated plates and associated cutting hole plates cutting planes are provided, wherein the holes or the total hole cross-section in a flow direction in the first hole plate is up to 50% larger than in the subsequent perforated plate. Due to the simple structure, namely the parallel superimposed plates up to six or more cutting planes are possible. The nature of the given structure thus allows a high number of cutting sets, in which the stationary perforated plates are anchored in a known manner in the simplest way in a wedge arranged in the housing against rotation. The rotating cutting hole plates are due to the parallel arrangement can be driven very easily via central means, due to the structural design of a perforated plate no incriminating centrifugal forces arise. Since a radial seal for the sausage meat is not required due to the plate system, but the seal is caused by the size of the running surfaces to each other, it is also in this point an extremely simple construction. The drive of the cutting hole plates can either be done via a central shaft or by the rotating cutting plates mounted on an axle and driven by driving pin. The drive of the cutting blades via a central shaft is known per se ( DE 199 60 409 A1 ). The 50% larger total passage area of the first plate is used primarily to get a flow start of the sausage meat.

According to an additional embodiment of the invention is provided in a central guide bore of the stationary perforated plates rotatably arranged on a main axis and co-rotating with the cutting plates spacer ring, which, as a result of its thickness, especially with multiple cutting sets the axial distance from rotating cutting hole plate to next in the conveying direction Cutting hole plate determined.

This makes it possible to keep the distance between all cutting hole plates and the associated perforated plate so small that thereby a conveying effect in the sense of a water jet pump arises. Here, the distance to 0.02 mm to 0.04 mm is possible, ie a distance of 2/100 to 4/100 mm. At distances smaller than 2/100 mm, however, this Bernoulli effect is hardly effective and of course also at distances of more than 3/10 mm. A production of more than 3/10 mm is also difficult.

According to an additional embodiment of the invention, the speed of the cutting hole plates is changeable and adjustable, with more than 270000 cuts per kilogram of meat are possible. This is especially true for Feinbratsorten, which usually accounts for more than 60% of all cases. The drive motors run between 2950 and 3150 rpm, whereby by means of a translation the speed is adapted to the needs. After all, there are more than 270000 cuts per kilogram, which should not be exceeded anyway.

An additional advantage of the claimed crusher can also be that with several cutting planes, the holes in either the orifice plates or stationary perforated plates are preferably round but could also be oval or kidney-shaped. Important for safe operation, the passage areas of the holes per interacting plate only + -5% from the subsequent deviate, so that no blockages arise due to different cross-sections.

Drawing and description of an embodiment

As shown in the drawing is in a housing 1 which is covered by a lid 2 is closed and on a pedestal 3 is fixed, arranged a crushing machine. About a funnel 4 the stuff to be crushed, in particular sausage meat, filled. A second funnel 5 Forwards the meat to the actual crusher.

In this particular example, the crusher has a shaft 6 on the successively rotating inserts 7 and co-rotating spacers 8th are arranged. The spacers are in a central bore 9 stationary perforated plates 10 rotatably arranged.

The stationary perforated plates 10 are over a wedge 11 arranged in the housing secured against rotation and have holes in a known manner 12 for the passage of the material to be crushed, for example, roast on. In the upstream of these stationary perforated plates is a rotating insert 7 ^I arranged with according to the shredded good relatively large cutting holes 13 so that the meat is above the funnel 4 and the lid 2 and one inside the lid 2 arranged access 14 in a funnel-shaped inlet 15 to the hole 13 the rotating insert 7 ^I and from there to the hole 12 ^I the stationary perforated plate 10 arrives. Between the two perforated plates or the holes facing each other there 12 ^I and 13 ^I consist cutting edges 16 on the one hand on the output edges of the holes of the rotating cutting plates and on the other hand on the inlet edges of the holes in the stationary perforated plates, wherein upon rotation of the inserts 7 the material to be cut at the cutting edges 16 scissor-like is cut.

Also in the example according to the invention several cutting sets are arranged one behind the other, wherein it is important that with the decreasing hole diameters in the conveying direction, the respective total passage area deviates at most 4-5% from one another. Unless, for the first insert, the above-mentioned holes have 50% larger diameter. In the following, the reference numbers of the corresponding parts are provided in the conveying direction with I, II or III or IV strokes to facilitate finding. An ejector 17 is also rotating on the shaft 6 stored, with the front side of this ejector 17 not shown bolts are arranged to penetrate the associated holes in the rotating inserts - to their entrainment - and also relevant holes in the spacers 8th , If necessary, these driving bolts can be used above the shaft 6 mounted centrifuge 18 be taken for the rotation.

The distance between the stationary perforated plate 10 ^III and the rotating insert 7 ^IV may be due to the thickness of the spacer ring 8th ^III are reduced so that this exerts on the material to be crushed a promotional effect in the sense of a water jet pump or the Bernoulli effect. This has the particular advantage that it is possible to dispense with additional means for conveying the comminuted material through the holes of the perforated plates.

All in the description, the following claims and the drawings illustrated features may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

casing

2

cover

3

base

4

feeding hopper

5

second funnel

6

wave

7

rotating insert

7 ^I

rotating insert

7 ^II

rotating insert

7 ^III

rotating insert

7 ^IV

rotating insert

8th

spacer

8 ^I

spacer

8 ^II

spacer

8 ^III

spacer

9

central hole

10

stationary perforated plate

10 ^l

stationary perforated plate

10 ^II

stationary perforated plate

10 ^III

stationary perforated plate

11

wedge

12

holes

12 ^I

holes

13

Insert holes

14

Access

15

inlet

16

cutting edges

17

ejector

18

centrifuge

19

Mechanical seal

Claims (8)

Crushing machine for shredding foodstuffs, in particular meat (sausage meat), - with at least one cutting set, - each with, per cutting set, a stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ), in which the diameter of the individual holes ( 12 ) in the conveying direction of the sausage meat from the stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) to a possible subsequent stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) decreases, - with at least one rotationally driven and with the stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) for comminuting the sausage meat cooperating cutting device and - with a conveying device for the sausage meat, characterized in that - as cutting device likewise a perforated plate ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ), which is rotatingly driven to form a cutting plane, - that the holes ( 13 ) in this cutting hole plate ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) in number, position and diameter of the associated stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ), - that this cutting hole plate ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) parallel to the stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ), so that the cutting action of the sausage meat by the interaction of the outlet edges of the holes ( 12 ) of the stationary perforated plate ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) with the entrance edges of the holes ( 13 ) of the rotating cutting hole plate ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) is effected. Crushing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two of stationary perforated plates ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) and rotating cutting hole plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) existing cutting planes are provided, wherein the holes or the total hole cross-section in a flow direction in the first hole plate is up to 50% larger than in the subsequent perforated plate. Crushing machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in a central guide bore of the stationary perforated plates ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) on a drive shaft ( 6 ) or a main axis rotatably arranged and with the cutting hole plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) co-rotating spacer rings ( 8th . 8th ^I , 8th ^II , 8th ^III ) are provided, due to their thickness, in the use of multiple cutting sets, the axial distance from rotating cutting hole plate ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) to determine cutting hole plate. Crushing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that for the transmission of the rotation serve bolts which at a distance from the central axis, in particular the drive shaft ( 6 ) or main axis, the rotating cutting hole plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) and the spacers ( 8th . 8th ^I , 8th ^II , 8th ^III ) in the axial direction and parallel to the central axis and drive. Crushing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the axial distance between the through hole cutting plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) and associated stationary perforated plates ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) formed by the spacer ring ( 8th . 8th ^I , 8th ^II , 8th ^III ) is between 5/100 to 8/100 mm. Crushing machine according to one of the preceding claims 3 to 5, characterized in that for transmitting the rotation, at a distance from the drive shaft ( 6 ) or main axis, the perforated plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV , 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) and spacers ( 8th . 8th ^I , 8th ^II , 8th ^III ) are penetrating driving bolts, wherein more than six cutting planes are made, wherein at least three stationary ( 10 . 10 ^I , 10 ^II , 10 ^III ) and four rotating perforated plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) are provided. Crushing machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational speed of the cutting hole plates ( 7 . 7 ^I , 7 ^II , 7 ^III , 7 ^IV ) can be changed and regulated. Crushing machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the rotating parts and the stationary housing ( 1 ) or lid ( 2 ) a mechanical seal ( 19 ) which partially has a sealing sliding function toward the stationary parts.

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