EP3515602B1 - Fine grinder - Google Patents
Fine grinder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3515602B1 EP3515602B1 EP17777524.4A EP17777524A EP3515602B1 EP 3515602 B1 EP3515602 B1 EP 3515602B1 EP 17777524 A EP17777524 A EP 17777524A EP 3515602 B1 EP3515602 B1 EP 3515602B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- angle
- cutting element
- axis
- rotation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
- B02C18/0092—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
- B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a crushing device with first and second cutting elements, which are rotatable relative to each other.
- a generic crushing device is for example off EP 2 613 884 B1 known.
- Such cutting devices are used to comminute solids, solid masses or solids-containing liquids and are used in particular as so-called wet comminutor, for example in the food industry, the treatment of bio-suspensions for further energetic use or mixed in other agricultural uses with solids flowable Prepare mixtures and crush the solids contained therein.
- the first and second cutting element are formed by a fixed, circular perforated disc on the one hand and a rotating around the central axis of the perforated disc blade, which rests with a cutting edge on the surface of the perforated disc.
- the mass to be crushed is pressed through the holes in the perforated disc, or flows through these and this are through the holes passing through solids by a shearing action between the knife edge and an edge bounding the respective hole crushed by shearing.
- US 6012662 discloses a crushing device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- shredders are indeed well suited to provide a rough crushing, and they have also proven largely in practice, however, there is the need for some processes to further reduce the material. This applies, for example, to materials that are difficult to ferment, such as long-fiber materials, manure or grass silage.
- shredders can cut the fibers here, comminution into very short fiber parts is generally not possible.
- the present invention seeks to provide a crushing device of the type mentioned, with a fine crushing of difficult to ferment material, such as long-fiber material, manure or grass silage is effectively and efficiently possible.
- the invention is based on the finding that the formation of the cutting elements with serrated cutting edges is advantageous for the comminution of fibrous material.
- the entire length of the cutting edges is increased by the formation of serrated cutting edges and thus also increases the cutting action.
- the circular arrangement of the plurality of first cutting elements serves the purpose of efficient separation when the second cutting element rotates.
- cutting elements acts as a sieve, so that non-divided material is retained, and can only pass through the first cutting elements after being divided.
- the term plurality in the present application always means that two or more of these elements are present.
- the invention is based on the idea that the cutting gap between the first and second cutting edges is adjustable.
- the cutting gap can be reduced to a minimum, so that the cutting elements abut each other directly. Here, a particularly fine crushing is achieved.
- the cutting gap can also be set positive, so that the cutting elements rotate at a distance to each other. Here, a less fine comminution takes place, which is particularly suitable for coarser materials or good fermentable materials.
- an adjustment mechanism is provided for adjusting the cutting gap.
- the first and second cutting elements can be moved axially relative to each other. That is, it is on the one hand possible to move only the second cutting element axially, while the plurality of first cutting elements is stationary.
- This variant is particularly preferred since this achieves a simple construction. In other variants, however, it may also be provided that the second cutting element is stationary, while the plurality of first cutting elements is moved relatively along the axis of rotation.
- both cutting elements are moved towards each other.
- a plurality of second cutting elements are provided, in particular 2, 4, 6 or 8 second cutting elements. These are preferably arranged evenly distributed on the circular path, which also takes place a uniform crushing and centrifugal forces are balanced on a drive shaft of the drive.
- the second cutting elements preferably have a plate-shaped body, which is preferably arranged with its main plane parallel to the axis of rotation.
- the main plane extends obliquely to the axis of rotation, so that due to the inclination of the second cutting elements a screw funding for fluid can be provided, so that a flow is caused.
- the second serrated cutting edge has a plurality of prongs, and each prong a radially inner edge and a radially outer Flank, each of which is at an angle to the axis of rotation.
- the second cutting edge has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 prongs.
- the number of prongs depends in particular on the volume flow to be processed.
- the flanks can be curved or straight. Straight flanks have the advantage that the production is simplified, and also a regrinding of the cutting elements can be performed in a simple manner.
- the first and second cutting edges correspond to one another, so that the described geometry of the teeth of the second cutting edge also applies correspondingly to the first cutting edge. Also, this has accordingly prongs, with each tip of the teeth of the second cutting edge engage in valleys between teeth of the first cutting edge.
- the cutting gap preferably has a substantially constant width along the entire cutting edge.
- the prongs are arranged on a path which runs obliquely to the axis of rotation.
- the cutting of the material thus does not take place in a plane, but rather on a frusto-conical surface or conical surface.
- the web preferably has an angle to the axis of rotation which is in a range of 45 ° to 70 °, in particular about 60 °.
- This has the particular advantage that material can enter axially into the comminuting device, and then can flow out of it radially.
- An advantage here is that the arrangement of the motor is simplified; this can be arranged axially and be equipped with a short shaft. It is not necessary that the severed material flows around the drive shaft of the motor.
- the angle of the outer flanks and the inner flanks is different. This results in changing the cutting gap by moving axially a different cutting gap width for the inner and outer edges, as a larger angle to the axis of rotation during axial movement leads to a larger difference in the cutting gap, as a small, acute angle. As a result, the cutting gap on the radially outer flank and the radially inner flank can be adjusted differently. In variants but can also be provided that the angles of the inner and outer edges are equal.
- the angle of the outer flank is greater than the angle of the inner flank. This is particularly advantageous when the adjustment mechanism is used to make wear adjustment. It has shown, that the radially outer flanks wear out faster, also due to a radially outward flow and centrifugal forces. If the angles are flatter on the outside, a stronger adjustment, ie gap narrowing during axial movement, can be carried out here.
- the angle of the radially outer flank of at least one radially outer tooth is greater than the angle of the radially outer flank of a radially inner tooth.
- the angle of the radially outer flanks of the radially outer spikes is in each case greater than the angle of the radially outer flanks of the radially inner spikes. That is, the farther outward a spike lies, the flatter the angle.
- the angle should change continuously. There is preferably a gradual change in angle from the radially inner prongs to the radially outer prongs instead.
- the radially outer flank of at least one prong is longer than the radially inner flank of the prong.
- this is provided at 2, 3, 4, 5, or preferably all tines.
- the second cutting element is held on an axially movable hub, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises means for determining an axial position of the hub.
- the hub is preferably mounted on a drive shaft, which is coupled to the drive, in particular an electric motor.
- the hub is attached to it in an axially displaceable shaft-hub connection on this, for example using a feather key.
- the adjustment mechanism the axial position of the hub is determined, and so set a distance between the first and second cutting elements.
- the first cutting elements are preferably stationary according to this embodiment, based on the axial position of the drive shaft arranged.
- the first cutting elements can be fixedly coupled to a housing in which the drive shaft is also mounted.
- the device comprises a first screw for defining the axial position of the hub and a second lock screw for fixing the axial position.
- the axial position is preferably adjusted.
- the first screw preferably extends through a portion of the hub, and is supported on the drive shaft.
- the hub itself is arranged with a thread on the shaft and in this way is axially adjustable to the shaft.
- a further counter-screw is provided, which may be in the form of a nut on the first screw, or in the form of a jam, which results in that the first screw can not be further rotated.
- Both of the first and the second lock screw are preferably provided several, preferably around the circumference of the hub around. As a result, a uniform power transmission is ensured.
- the crushing device further comprises a plurality of third cutting elements with third serrated cutting edges, which are arranged on a third circular path.
- the third circular path is concentric with the first circular path and has the same diameter.
- the plurality of third cutting elements is formed substantially mirror-symmetrically to the plurality of first cutting elements, in particular to a plane which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
- the second cutting element it is preferred here for the second cutting element to have a fourth serrated cutting edge which corresponds to the third serrated cutting edges for cutting cutting material.
- a fourth cutting element is provided which has the fourth cutting edge.
- the fourth cutting edge is formed on the second cutting element, so that the second cutting element has a total of two cutting edges, namely the second cutting edge and the fourth cutting edge.
- the second cutting element is thus double-edged educated.
- the serrated shape of the fourth cutting edges the same applies as defined above to the second cutting edge. In this respect, reference is made in full to the above description of the second cutting edge.
- the second cutting edge and the fourth cutting edge are preferably formed substantially mirror-symmetrical.
- the plane of symmetry is preferably arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
- the plurality of third cutting elements and the second cutting element are axially movable in the direction of the axis of rotation relative to one another such that a cutting gap is adjustable between them. Consequently, the cutting gap between the third and fourth cutting edges is adjustable, namely by means of the adjustment mechanism.
- the second cutting element is held stationary, it is necessary for the plurality of first cutting elements and the plurality of third cutting elements to be moved axially substantially uniformly toward the second cutting element to uniformly form the cutting gap between the first and second cutting edges and the third and fourth cutting edges.
- the plurality of first cutting elements is held stationary and the second cutting element is moved relative to the first cutting elements to this. Therefore, it is required that the plurality of third cutting elements be doubled axially in order to uniformly form a cutting gap constriction. It is preferably provided that the adjustment mechanism takes this into account and always provides a double delivery of the third cutting elements.
- the third cutting elements are held in a housing, wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises means for determining the axial position of the housing.
- the means for determining the axial position of the housing comprises a first screw for defining the axial position of the housing and a second lock screw for fixing the axial position of the housing.
- the mechanism is thus designed in a similar way as the device for setting the first Cutting gap, which has been described above. It can be provided that the thread of the screw for defining the axial position of the housing has a double thread pitch, as the screw for defining the axial position of the hub. Then it is sufficient to adjust the screws in the same sense to provide a double delivery for the third cutting elements.
- the comminution device further comprises a pre-shredder disposed upstream of the first and second cutting elements, and comprising: a first precutting element comprising at least a first precut edge, and a second, on a fourth circular path relative to the first Pre-cutting element movable second Vorschneidelement, comprising at least a second Vorschneidkante, wherein the second Vorschneidelement is coupled to the drive, for moving together with the second cutting element.
- the pre-shredder is preferably substantially formed as the crushing device, which in EP 2 613 884 is described.
- pre-shredding by the first and second precutting elements additionally takes place before the superfine comminution, which takes place through the first, second and optionally third cutting elements according to the invention.
- the second cutting element is arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation. This preferably applies to all second cutting elements of the comminution device. Preferably, all second cutting elements are arranged obliquely in the same direction.
- the second cutting elements are preferably substantially plate-shaped, so that a plane of the plate-shaped cutting element is arranged obliquely.
- the cutting prongs are preferably also arranged obliquely to the cutting element in this embodiment, so that the cutting prongs preferably define a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
- the at least one second cutting element includes an angle with the axis of rotation which is in a range of> 0 ° to 90 °, preferably> 0 ° to 45 °, more preferably 5 ° to 45 °. It has been found that even a slight inclination can be sufficient to achieve the above effects. An angle of 45 ° is optimal for many applications.
- the second cutting element is held on a hub, wherein the hub has at least one radial recess with a holding surface arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation, wherein the second cutting element is held on the holding surface.
- the second cutting elements can be kept structurally simple in this way. It is advantageous if the second cutting elements are as simple as possible, since they wear out and have to be replaced. Cost-effective production is therefore particularly preferred.
- the increased complexity that occurs due to the skew is transmitted to the hub according to this embodiment, which usually does not need to be replaced.
- the inclination of the retaining surfaces of the hub preferably defines the inclination of the second cutting elements.
- the at least one second cutting element has a passage for reducing a flow resistance. This is particularly preferred when the second cutting elements are plate-shaped. As a result, the flow resistance is reduced and the energy requirement of the crushing device can be reduced. This is particularly preferred when the second cutting elements are arranged obliquely, since then preferably always a cutting teeth is engaged.
- a crushing device 1 is arranged in a pot 2 of a piping system.
- the pot 2 has an inlet 4 and a drain 6, which can be flanged to corresponding pipes.
- the pot 2 has a separating plate 8, the inlet 4 and 6 drain separates each other.
- a passage 10 is formed, in which the crushing device 1 is inserted.
- the crushing device 1 will be described in more detail with reference to the other figures. It has a main housing 12, in which a drive shaft 14 is mounted, which is coupled to a drive 16.
- the entire crushing device 1 is pivotally supported on the pot 2 via a pivoting mechanism 18, and can with reference to FIG. 1 about a pivot point 20 are pivoted away from the pot 2. This serves to perform maintenance on the crushing device 1 and the pot 2, for example, in the event that individual parts are jammed there.
- the comminution device 1 (cf. Fig. 2 ) has a cutting unit 22, in which a plurality of first cutting elements 24, at least one second cutting element 26 and according to this embodiment, a plurality of third cutting elements 28 cooperate.
- the cutting unit 22 In a lower portion, annularly surrounded by the third cutting elements 28, the cutting unit 22 has a circular inlet opening 30 through which material to be cut can enter the cutting unit 22. After passing through the cutting unit, the material may pass radially through gaps 32 (in FIG Fig. 2 only one provided with reference numerals) between the plurality of first cutting elements 24 and the plurality of third cutting elements 28 emerge.
- the flow path of the material is in Fig. 2 represented by the dashed arrow P.
- the material thus flows in through the inlet 4, then slightly upwards through the opening 30 into the cutting unit 22, exits there radially, thus passes crushed behind the separating plate 8 and can flow out of the outlet 6.
- the slight upward flow of the material also has the task of separating off solid, non-cutting components, such as stones and the like. These fall down and can then be removed from the bottom of the pot 2.
- the drive shaft 14 On the main housing 12 of the drive 16 is arranged. Rotationally fixed to the drive 16 and an output shaft of the drive 16 (not shown in detail), the drive shaft 14 is fixed. For this purpose, on the one hand a central screw 32 is provided, as well as a feather key to transmit rotational forces.
- the drive shaft 14 is mounted by means of a bearing 36 on the main housing 12.
- the front side against the main housing 12, the plurality of first cutting elements 24 is initially attached.
- a further screw 38 is provided.
- the plurality of first cutting elements 24 is integrally formed as a whole and the individual cutting edges 40 are milled out of a body, so that the cutting elements 24 have a common housing portion 42 and can be attached as a unit to the main housing 12.
- the cutting elements 24 are arranged on a circular path and each aligned with its main plane radially to the axis of rotation A.
- the central axis of the circular path is identical to the axis of rotation A.
- a second cutting element 26 is provided.
- the second cutting element 26 has a second cutting edge 44 which is serrated and corresponds to the first cutting edge 40.
- the second cutting element 26 is fastened to a hub 48 via a clamping connection 46.
- the hub 48 is in turn mounted axially on the shaft 14, wherein a key 50 is provided for torque transmission.
- the hub 48 is axially displaceable in the direction of the axis of rotation A and thus a distance between a shaft shoulder 52 of the drive shaft 14 and an end face 54 of the hub 48 is provided. How easy Fig. 3 it is possible to see the hub 48 with reference to FIG Fig. 3 continue to push up so that the end 54 comes into contact with the paragraph 52.
- the cutting edges 40, 44 are aligned so that they substantially abut and forms a cutting gap, which is only a few tenths of a millimeter. If it comes to wear on the cutting edges 40, 44, it may be necessary that an adjustment should be made. It is also conceivable that the cutting gap should be increased in order to provide a coarser crushing.
- the crushing device 1 according to the present invention has an adjusting mechanism 60, which will now be described.
- the adjustment mechanism 60 first comprises the slidable hub 48 which carries the second cutting element or elements 26.
- a first screw 62 is provided according to this embodiment, which extends through a corresponding threaded hole 64 in the hub 48.
- the foot of the screw 62 extends to a certain extent from the end face 54 of the hub 48 and is in abutment with the shaft shoulder 52.
- the head of the screw 62 does not abut the annular shoulder of the threaded hole 64, but has a certain Distance to it.
- a second lock screw 66 is provided which braces a cover 68 against the hub 48 and the drive shaft 14 and thus defines the hub 48. Even if in Fig. 3 only a first screw 62 and a second counter screw 68 are shown, it should be understood that around the periphery of the hub 48 and the lid 68 a plurality of such screws may be provided to achieve a uniform tension.
- the cutting unit 22 has a plurality of third cutting elements 28 which are formed substantially identical to the first cutting elements 24. These also have serrated cutting edges 70.
- the third cutting elements 28 are optional, but lead to a higher rate of comminution.
- the third cutting elements 28 correspond according to this embodiment with a fourth cutting edge 72 of the second cutting element 26.
- the third cutting elements 28 are machined from a material and thus have a common housing 74. Through the housing 74 and the inlet 30 is defined.
- the third cutting elements 28 are attached to the housing 42 of the first cutting elements 24.
- the distance between the third cutting edges 70 and fourth cutting edges 72 is adjustable.
- 74 threaded bores 76 are provided on the housing (see. Fig. 5 ), which have a similar principle as the threaded holes 64 of the screw 62.
- a screw 78 is inserted, which is supported with its foot against a stop 80 on the housing 42 of the first cutting elements 24.
- An outer diameter of the third cutting elements 28 is slightly smaller than an inner diameter of a portion 82 of the first cutting elements 24, so that the housing part 74 with the third cutting elements 28 can dip into the first housing part 42 with the first cutting elements 24.
- a guide tab 84 is provided, which engages in a recess 86.
- a further screw 88 is provided which engages in a threaded bore 90 on the housing 42 and so the two housing parts 72, 74 braced against each other and the screw 78 loaded on pressure.
- a single second cutting element 26 is shown, on which the geometry of the prongs 100 can be seen.
- the tine 100 has two flanks 102, 104, wherein 102 denotes the radially inner flank, while 104 denotes the radially outer flank.
- the radially inner flank 102 encloses an angle ⁇ with the axis of rotation A or an axis A 'running parallel to it.
- a corresponding angle ⁇ includes the flank 104 with the axis A '.
- the radially outer flanks 104 are longer than the radially inner flanks 102, so that the prongs 100 are arranged in total on a path B, which is oblique to the axis of rotation.
- an angle ⁇ is located, which is approximately in the range of 30 °.
- the angle ⁇ of serrations 100 which are radially outward, ie with respect to Fig. 4 to the right, is greater than the angle ⁇ of prongs, which lie radially inward, ie with respect to Fig. 4 further left.
- This has the effect that the flanks 104 of prongs, which are radially outward flatter, than of prongs 100 which are radially inward.
- the distance between the flanks 104, which are radially outward, and the corresponding counter flanks at the cutting edges 40 disproportionately smaller than the distance between the flanks 104, which lie radially inward and the corresponding counter flanks, both seen as normal distance to the flank surface. This makes it possible to compensate for the higher wear on radially outwardly extending prongs 100 when a wear adjustment is made and to an axial adjustment is performed.
- Fig. 7 a second embodiment of the crushing device 1 is shown.
- the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals and insofar is fully to the above description of the first embodiment (see. Fig. 1-6 ).
- a pre-shredder 120 In contrast to the first embodiment (see in particular Fig. 2 ), the crushing device 1 according to this embodiment, a pre-shredder 120.
- the pre-shredder 120 has a first precutting element 122 and a second precutting element 124.
- the first precutting element 122 is designed as a perforated disc and mounted in front of the inlet opening 30.
- the second precutting element 124 is a knife holder with a total of four knives 125a, 125b arranged thereon (in FIG Fig. 7 only two knives to see).
- the knife holder is connected via a shaft extension 126 to the drive shaft 14, so that the knife holder rotates together with the drive shaft 14, the hub 48 and thus also the at least one second cutting element 26.
- the pre-cutting element 122 is preferably made in accordance with the perforated disc EP 2 613 884 formed, and the second Vorschneidelement 124 is preferably like the knife holder EP 2 613 884 B1 educated.
- the edges of the holes of the perforated disc together with the blades 125a, 125b of the knife holder corresponding cutting and good to be separated can be separated thereon.
- Such a product is already known from the market and sold by the patent proprietor under the name "RotaCut”.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a third embodiment. More specifically, in the FIGS. 8 and 9 only the hub 48 and the second cutting elements 26 are shown. The remaining elements of the comminuting device 1 are identical to the first two embodiments, so that they are not shown here for reasons of clarity. The in the FIGS. 8 and 9 Thus, the unit shown can also be incorporated in the comminuting devices 1 of the first two embodiments ( Fig. 1 to 7 ) are used.
- the hub 48 has a plurality of radial recesses 130, which define a holding surface 132. At these holding surfaces 132, the respective second cutting elements 26 are held. This is achieved in this third embodiment by two screws 134, 136 each, which extend through corresponding through holes (not shown) on the second cutting elements 26 and are screwed into the hub 48 in internally threaded blind holes (not shown). As an alternative to this screw connection, other connections are conceivable and preferred, in particular clamping and / or plug connections.
- the second cutting elements 26 are all arranged obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation A. While the cutting elements 26 in the first exemplary embodiments were located together in a plane with the axis of rotation A or at least parallel thereto, they close in this exemplary embodiment (FIG. FIGS. 8 and 9 ) an angle ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ is measured between a plane E defined by the plate-shaped second cutting elements and the axis of rotation A.
- the angle ⁇ in the present embodiment is approximately 45 ° (cf. Fig. 9 ). But it can also have a different value, which is preferably in a range of> 0 ° to 90 °.
- the individual cutting teeth 100 are in turn preferably inclined, in a complementary angle ⁇ (cf. Fig.
- the second cutting elements each have a passage 140.
- the passages 140 are basically formed so that they are approximately matched to the outer contour of the second cutting elements 26, but allow a sufficient wall thickness both for fixing the second cutting elements 26 to the hub 48, as well as a cutting.
- different geometries are conceivable in order to allow an efficient fluid flow, or even positively influence this by the specific geometry of the passages 140.
- the passages 140 also in the second cutting elements 26 of the first two embodiments ( Fig. 1 to 7 ) and in the third embodiment ( FIGS. 8 and 9 ) are optional but preferred.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit ersten und zweiten Schneidelementen, die relativ zueinander rotierbar sind.The invention relates to a crushing device with first and second cutting elements, which are rotatable relative to each other.
Eine gattungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus
Eine weitere solche Schneidvorrichtung ist aus
Es hat sich allerdings gezeigt, dass derartige Zerkleinerer zwar gut geeignet sind, eine grobe Zerkleinerung bereitzustellen, und sie haben sich in der Praxis auch weitgehend bewährt, allerdings besteht für manche Prozesse der Bedarf, das Material noch weiter zu zerkleinern. Dies gilt beispielsweise für schwer vergärbare Materialien, wie langfaserige Materialien, Mist oder Grassilage. Hier können die bekannten Zerkleinerer zwar die Fasern kürzen, eine Zerkleinerung in sehr kurze Faserteile ist aber in der Regel nicht möglich.However, it has been found that such shredders are indeed well suited to provide a rough crushing, and they have also proven largely in practice, however, there is the need for some processes to further reduce the material. This applies, for example, to materials that are difficult to ferment, such as long-fiber materials, manure or grass silage. Although the known shredders can cut the fibers here, comminution into very short fiber parts is generally not possible.
Um diesem Problem zu begegnen, liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, mit der eine Feinstzerkleinerung auch von schwer vergärbarem Material, wie langfaserigem Material, Mist oder Grassilage effektiv und effizient möglich ist.To address this problem, the present invention seeks to provide a crushing device of the type mentioned, with a fine crushing of difficult to ferment material, such as long-fiber material, manure or grass silage is effectively and efficiently possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a crushing device according to
Der Erfindung liegt einerseits die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass die Ausbildung der Schneidelemente mit gezackten Schneidkanten vorteilhaft für die Zerkleinerung von faserigem Material ist. Andererseits wird durch die Ausbildung von gezackten Schneidkanten die gesamte Länge der Schneidkanten vergrößert und somit auch die Schneidwirkung erhöht. Die kreisförmige Anordnung der Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente dient dem Zweck der effizienten Zertrennung, wenn das zweite Schneidelement rotiert. Die Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente wirkt dabei zusätzlich als Sieb, sodass nicht zerteiltes Material zurückgehalten wird, und erst nach Zerteilung durch die ersten Schneidelemente hindurch passieren kann. Der Begriff Mehrzahl bedeutet in der vorliegenden Anmeldung stets, dass zwei oder mehr dieser Elemente vorhanden sind. Ferner basiert die Erfindung auf dem Gedanken, dass der Schneidspalt zwischen den ersten und zweiten Schneidkanten einstellbar ist. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, um Material entsprechend den Bedürfnissen, gröber oder feiner, zu zerteilen. Der Schneidspalt kann dabei auf ein Minimum reduziert werden, sodass die Schneidelemente unmittelbar aneinander anliegen. Hierbei wird eine besonders feine Zerkleinerung erreicht. Der Schneidspalt kann aber auch positiv eingestellt werden, sodass die Schneidelemente mit einem Abstand zueinander rotieren. Hierbei findet eine weniger feine Zerkleinerung statt, was sich insbesondere für gröbere Materialien oder gut vergärbare Materialien eignet.On the one hand, the invention is based on the finding that the formation of the cutting elements with serrated cutting edges is advantageous for the comminution of fibrous material. On the other hand, the entire length of the cutting edges is increased by the formation of serrated cutting edges and thus also increases the cutting action. The circular arrangement of the plurality of first cutting elements serves the purpose of efficient separation when the second cutting element rotates. The majority first In addition, cutting elements acts as a sieve, so that non-divided material is retained, and can only pass through the first cutting elements after being divided. The term plurality in the present application always means that two or more of these elements are present. Further, the invention is based on the idea that the cutting gap between the first and second cutting edges is adjustable. This is particularly advantageous to divide material according to the needs, coarser or finer. The cutting gap can be reduced to a minimum, so that the cutting elements abut each other directly. Here, a particularly fine crushing is achieved. The cutting gap can also be set positive, so that the cutting elements rotate at a distance to each other. Here, a less fine comminution takes place, which is particularly suitable for coarser materials or good fermentable materials.
Zur Einstellung des Schneidspalts ist erfindungsgemäß ein Einstellmechanismus vorgesehen. Mit dem Einstellmechanismus können die ersten und zweiten Schneidelemente axial zueinander bewegt werden. Das heißt, es ist einerseits möglich, nur das zweite Schneidelement axial zu bewegen, während die Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente ortsfest ist. Diese Variante ist besonders bevorzugt, da hierdurch eine einfache Konstruktion erreicht wird. In anderen Varianten kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, dass das zweite Schneidelement ortsfest ist, während die Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente relativ entlang der Rotationsachse bewegt wird.For adjusting the cutting gap, an adjustment mechanism is provided according to the invention. With the adjustment mechanism, the first and second cutting elements can be moved axially relative to each other. That is, it is on the one hand possible to move only the second cutting element axially, while the plurality of first cutting elements is stationary. This variant is particularly preferred since this achieves a simple construction. In other variants, however, it may also be provided that the second cutting element is stationary, while the plurality of first cutting elements is moved relatively along the axis of rotation.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass beide Schneidelemente aufeinander zu bewegt werden. Vorzugsweise sind mehrere zweite Schneidelemente vorgesehen, insbesondere 2, 4, 6 oder 8 zweite Schneidelemente. Diese sind vorzugsweise gleichmäßig verteilt auf der Kreisbahn angeordnet, wodurch ebenfalls eine gleichmäßige Zerkleinerung stattfindet und Fliehkräfte auf einer Antriebswelle des Antriebs ausgeglichen werden.In a further embodiment it is provided that both cutting elements are moved towards each other. Preferably, a plurality of second cutting elements are provided, in particular 2, 4, 6 or 8 second cutting elements. These are preferably arranged evenly distributed on the circular path, which also takes place a uniform crushing and centrifugal forces are balanced on a drive shaft of the drive.
Die zweiten Schneidelemente weisen vorzugsweise einen plattenförmigen Körper auf, der mit seiner Hauptebene vorzugsweise parallel zur Rotationsachse angeordnet ist. In Varianten kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Hauptebene schräg zur Rotationsachse verläuft, sodass aufgrund der Schrägstellung der zweiten Schneidelemente eine Schraubenförderung für Fluid vorgesehen sein kann, sodass eine Strömung hervorgerufen wird.The second cutting elements preferably have a plate-shaped body, which is preferably arranged with its main plane parallel to the axis of rotation. In variants it can also be provided that the main plane extends obliquely to the axis of rotation, so that due to the inclination of the second cutting elements a screw funding for fluid can be provided, so that a flow is caused.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass die zweite gezackte Schneidkante eine Mehrzahl an Zacken aufweist, und jeder Zacken eine radial innere Flanke und eine radial äußere Flanke aufweist, die jeweils unter einem Winkel zur Rotationsachse stehen. Vorzugsweise weist die zweite Schneidkante 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, oder 10 Zacken auf. Die Anzahl der Zacken ist insbesondere abhängig von dem zu verarbeitenden Volumenstrom. Die Flanken können gekrümmt oder gerade sein. Gerade Flanken haben den Vorteil, dass die Fertigung vereinfacht ist, und auch ein Nachschleifen der Schneidelemente auf einfache Art und Weise durchgeführt werden kann. Die ersten und zweiten Schneidkanten korrespondieren zueinander, sodass die beschriebene Geometrie der Zacken der zweiten Schneidkante entsprechend auch für die erste Schneidkante, korrespondierend, gilt. Auch diese weist demnach Zacken auf, wobei jeweils Spitzen der Zacken der zweiten Schneidkante in Täler zwischen Zacken der ersten Schneidkante eingreifen. Der Schneidspalt weist vorzugsweise entlang der gesamten Schneidkante eine im Wesentlichen konstante Weite auf.Furthermore, it is provided that the second serrated cutting edge has a plurality of prongs, and each prong a radially inner edge and a radially outer Flank, each of which is at an angle to the axis of rotation. Preferably, the second cutting edge has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 prongs. The number of prongs depends in particular on the volume flow to be processed. The flanks can be curved or straight. Straight flanks have the advantage that the production is simplified, and also a regrinding of the cutting elements can be performed in a simple manner. The first and second cutting edges correspond to one another, so that the described geometry of the teeth of the second cutting edge also applies correspondingly to the first cutting edge. Also, this has accordingly prongs, with each tip of the teeth of the second cutting edge engage in valleys between teeth of the first cutting edge. The cutting gap preferably has a substantially constant width along the entire cutting edge.
In einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Zacken auf einer Bahn angeordnet, die schräg zu der Rotationsachse verläuft. Das Schneiden des Materials findet folglich nicht in einer Ebene statt, sondern vielmehr auf einer kegelstumpfförmigen Fläche oder konischen Fläche. Die Bahn weist vorzugsweise einen Winkel zur Rotationsachse auf, der in einem Bereich von 45° bis 70° ist, insbesondere in etwa 60° beträgt. Dies hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass Material axial in die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung eintreten, und anschließend radial aus dieser hinausströmen kann. Ein Vorteil liegt hierbei darin, dass die Anordnung des Motors vereinfacht ist; dieser kann axial angeordnet sein und mit einer kurzen Welle ausgestattet sein. Es ist nicht erforderlich, dass das zertrennte Material die Antriebswelle des Motors umströmt.In a first preferred embodiment, the prongs are arranged on a path which runs obliquely to the axis of rotation. The cutting of the material thus does not take place in a plane, but rather on a frusto-conical surface or conical surface. The web preferably has an angle to the axis of rotation which is in a range of 45 ° to 70 °, in particular about 60 °. This has the particular advantage that material can enter axially into the comminuting device, and then can flow out of it radially. An advantage here is that the arrangement of the motor is simplified; this can be arranged axially and be equipped with a short shaft. It is not necessary that the severed material flows around the drive shaft of the motor.
Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, dass der Winkel der äußeren Flanken und der inneren Flanken verschieden ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich beim Verändern des Schneidspalts durch axiales Bewegen eine unterschiedliche Schneidspaltweite für die inneren und äußeren Flanken, da ein größerer Winkel zur Rotationsachse beim axialen Bewegen zu einer größeren Differenz im Schneidspalt führt, als ein kleiner, spitzer Winkel. Hierdurch lässt sich der Schneidspalt auf der radial äußeren Flanke und der radial inneren Flanke unterschiedlich einstellen. In Varianten kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Winkel der inneren und äußeren Flanken gleich sind.Furthermore, it is preferable that the angle of the outer flanks and the inner flanks is different. This results in changing the cutting gap by moving axially a different cutting gap width for the inner and outer edges, as a larger angle to the axis of rotation during axial movement leads to a larger difference in the cutting gap, as a small, acute angle. As a result, the cutting gap on the radially outer flank and the radially inner flank can be adjusted differently. In variants but can also be provided that the angles of the inner and outer edges are equal.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Winkel der äußeren Flanke zumindest bei einigen der Mehrzahl der Zacken größer ist als der Winkel der inneren Flanke. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn der Einstellmechanismus dazu verwendet wird, Verschleißnachstellung vorzunehmen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die radial äußeren Flanken rascher verschleißen, auch aufgrund von einer radial nach außen gehenden Strömung und Fliehkräften. Sind die Winkel außen flacher, kann hier eine stärkere Nachstellung, d.h. Spaltverengung bei axialer Bewegung, vorgenommen werden.In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the angle of the outer flank, at least in some of the plurality of prongs, is greater than the angle of the inner flank. This is particularly advantageous when the adjustment mechanism is used to make wear adjustment. It has shown, that the radially outer flanks wear out faster, also due to a radially outward flow and centrifugal forces. If the angles are flatter on the outside, a stronger adjustment, ie gap narrowing during axial movement, can be carried out here.
Ferner ist bevorzugt, dass der Winkel der radial äußeren Flanke wenigstens eines radial äußeren Zackens größer ist als der Winkel der radial äußeren Flanke eines radial inneren Zackens. Das bedeutet, ein radial weiter außen liegender Zacken weist eine flachere Flanke auf, als ein radial innenliegender Zacken. Hier gilt das Gleiche, was bereits oben erörtert wurde. Die Zacken, die radial weiter außen liegen, sind in der Regel höherem Verschleiß ausgesetzt, einerseits aufgrund von Fliehkraftwirkung, andererseits aufgrund von höheren Schnittgeschwindigkeiten. Radial außen liegende Zacken werden mit einer höheren Bahngeschwindigkeit bewegt als radial innenliegende Zacken, wodurch der Verschleiß erhöht sein kann. Durch das Vorsehen von flachen Winkeln fällt hier beim axialen Verstellen eine höhere Zustellung statt und der Schneidspalt kann über die Lebensdauer der Schneidelemente im Wesentlichen konstant gehalten werden. Der Spalt wird hierbei senkrecht zur Ebene der Flanken gemessen.Furthermore, it is preferred that the angle of the radially outer flank of at least one radially outer tooth is greater than the angle of the radially outer flank of a radially inner tooth. This means that a spike located radially further out has a flatter edge than a radially inward spike. The same applies here, which has already been discussed above. The spikes, which lie radially outward, are generally exposed to higher wear, on the one hand due to centrifugal force, on the other hand due to higher cutting speeds. Radially external prongs are moved at a higher line speed than radially inward prongs, whereby the wear can be increased. By providing shallow angles, a higher delivery takes place here during the axial adjustment, and the cutting gap can be kept substantially constant over the life of the cutting elements. The gap is measured perpendicular to the flank plane.
Dabei kann vorzugsweise vorgesehen sein, dass der Winkel der radial äußeren Flanken der radial äußern Zacken jeweils größer ist als der Winkel der radial äußeren Flanken der radial inneren Zacken. D.h., je weiter außen ein Zacken liegt, desto flacher ist der Winkel. Vorzugsweise sollte sich der Winkel kontinuierlich verändern. Es findet vorzugsweise eine graduelle Winkeländerung von den radial innenliegenden Zacken zu den radial außenliegenden Zacken statt.In this case, it can preferably be provided that the angle of the radially outer flanks of the radially outer spikes is in each case greater than the angle of the radially outer flanks of the radially inner spikes. That is, the farther outward a spike lies, the flatter the angle. Preferably, the angle should change continuously. There is preferably a gradual change in angle from the radially inner prongs to the radially outer prongs instead.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die radial äußere Flanke wenigstens eines Zackens länger ist als die radial innere Flanke des Zackens. Vorzugsweise ist dies bei 2, 3, 4, 5, oder vorzugsweise allen Zacken vorgesehen. Hierdurch wird die Anordnung der Zacken auf einer Bahn, die schräg zur Rotationsachse ist, vereinfacht und radial außen die Schnittkante verlängert.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the radially outer flank of at least one prong is longer than the radially inner flank of the prong. Preferably, this is provided at 2, 3, 4, 5, or preferably all tines. As a result, the arrangement of the teeth on a path which is oblique to the axis of rotation, simplified and extended radially outside the cutting edge.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das zweite Schneidelement auf einer axial beweglichen Nabe gehalten, wobei der Einstellmechanismus eine Einrichtung zum Festlegen einer axialen Position der Nabe aufweist. Die Nabe ist vorzugsweise auf einer Antriebswelle gelagert, die mit dem Antrieb, insbesondere einem Elektromotor, gekoppelt ist. Die Nabe ist dazu in einer axial verschieblichen Welle-Nabe-Verbindung auf dieser befestigt, beispielsweise unter Verwendung einer Passfeder. Mittels des Einstellmechanismus wird die axiale Position der Nabe festgelegt, und so ein Abstand zwischen ersten und zweiten Schneidelementen festgelegt. Die ersten Schneidelemente sind gemäß dieser Ausführungsform bevorzugt ortsfest, bezogen auf die axiale Position der Antriebswelle, angeordnet. Beispielsweise können die ersten Schneidelemente fest mit einem Gehäuse gekoppelt sein, in welchem auch die Antriebswelle gelagert ist.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the second cutting element is held on an axially movable hub, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises means for determining an axial position of the hub. The hub is preferably mounted on a drive shaft, which is coupled to the drive, in particular an electric motor. The hub is attached to it in an axially displaceable shaft-hub connection on this, for example using a feather key. By means of the adjustment mechanism the axial position of the hub is determined, and so set a distance between the first and second cutting elements. The first cutting elements are preferably stationary according to this embodiment, based on the axial position of the drive shaft arranged. For example, the first cutting elements can be fixedly coupled to a housing in which the drive shaft is also mounted.
Bevorzugt weist die Einrichtung eine erste Schraube zum Definieren der axialen Position der Nabe und eine zweite Konterschraube zum Fixieren der axialen Position auf. Mittels der ersten Schraube wird vorzugsweise die axiale Position eingestellt. Die erste Schraube erstreckt sich dazu vorzugsweise durch einen Abschnitt an der Nabe, und stützt sich an der Antriebswelle ab. Auch der umgekehrte Fall, dass die Schraube durch einen Gewindeabschnitt in einem Wellenabschnitt geführt ist, und sich an der Nabe abstützt, ist bevorzugt. Auch hier sind andere Varianten denkbar. Es kann ebenso vorgesehen sein, dass die Nabe selbst mit einem Gewinde auf der Welle angeordnet ist und auf diese Weise axial zu der Welle verstellbar ist. Zum Festlegen dieser Position ist gemäß dieser Ausführungsform eine weitere Konterschraube vorgesehen, die in Form einer Mutter an der ersten Schraube ausgebildet sein kann, oder in Form einer Verklemmung, die dazu führt, dass die erste Schraube nicht weiter verdreht werden kann. Sowohl von der ersten als auch der zweiten Konterschraube sind bevorzugt mehrere, bevorzugt um den Umfang der Nabe herum vorgesehen. Hierdurch wird eine gleichmäßige Kraftübertragung gewährleistet.Preferably, the device comprises a first screw for defining the axial position of the hub and a second lock screw for fixing the axial position. By means of the first screw, the axial position is preferably adjusted. The first screw preferably extends through a portion of the hub, and is supported on the drive shaft. Also, the reverse case, that the screw is guided by a threaded portion in a shaft portion, and is supported on the hub, is preferred. Again, other variants are conceivable. It can also be provided that the hub itself is arranged with a thread on the shaft and in this way is axially adjustable to the shaft. To fix this position, according to this embodiment, a further counter-screw is provided, which may be in the form of a nut on the first screw, or in the form of a jam, which results in that the first screw can not be further rotated. Both of the first and the second lock screw are preferably provided several, preferably around the circumference of the hub around. As a result, a uniform power transmission is ensured.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ferner eine Mehrzahl dritter Schneidelemente mit dritten gezackten Schneidkanten, die auf einer dritten Kreisbahn angeordnet sind. Vorzugsweise ist die dritte Kreisbahn konzentrisch zu der ersten Kreisbahn und weist denselben Durchmesser auf. Vorzugsweise ist die Mehrzahl dritter Schneidelemente im Wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zu der Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente ausgebildet, insbesondere zu einer Ebene, die senkrecht zur Rotationsachse ist.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the crushing device further comprises a plurality of third cutting elements with third serrated cutting edges, which are arranged on a third circular path. Preferably, the third circular path is concentric with the first circular path and has the same diameter. Preferably, the plurality of third cutting elements is formed substantially mirror-symmetrically to the plurality of first cutting elements, in particular to a plane which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Gleichzeitig ist hierbei bevorzugt, dass das zweite Schneidelement eine vierte gezackte Schneidkante aufweist, die mit den dritten gezackten Schneidkanten zum Zertrennen von Schneidgut korrespondieren. Alternativ ist es auch denkbar, dass wenigstens ein viertes Schneidelement vorgesehen ist, dass die vierte Schneidkante aufweist. Bevorzugt ist aber die vierte Schneidkante an dem zweiten Schneidelement ausgebildet, sodass das zweite Schneidelement insgesamt zwei Schneidkanten, nämlich die zweite Schneidkante und die vierte Schneidkante aufweist. Das zweite Schneidelement ist also doppelschneidig ausgebildet. Bezüglich der Zackenform der vierten Schneidkanten gilt das Gleiche, was oben zu der zweiten Schneidkante definiert wurde. Insofern wird vollumfänglich auf die obige Beschreibung zu der zweiten Schneidkante Bezug genommen.At the same time, it is preferred here for the second cutting element to have a fourth serrated cutting edge which corresponds to the third serrated cutting edges for cutting cutting material. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that at least a fourth cutting element is provided which has the fourth cutting edge. Preferably, however, the fourth cutting edge is formed on the second cutting element, so that the second cutting element has a total of two cutting edges, namely the second cutting edge and the fourth cutting edge. The second cutting element is thus double-edged educated. With respect to the serrated shape of the fourth cutting edges, the same applies as defined above to the second cutting edge. In this respect, reference is made in full to the above description of the second cutting edge.
Auch die zweite Schneidkante und die vierte Schneidkante sind bevorzugt im Wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch ausgebildet. Die Symmetrieebene ist vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Rotationsachse angeordnet. Durch eine symmetrische Ausbildung findet ein gleichmäßiges Schneiden auf beiden Seiten des zweiten Schneidelements statt, sodass das Schneiden zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schneidkante sowie der dritten und vierten Schneidkante gleichmäßig abläuft. Hierdurch ist auch der Verschleiß an beiden Seiten in etwa gleichförmig, wodurch die Wartung vereinfacht ist.Also, the second cutting edge and the fourth cutting edge are preferably formed substantially mirror-symmetrical. The plane of symmetry is preferably arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation. By a symmetrical design, a uniform cutting takes place on both sides of the second cutting element, so that the cutting between the first and second cutting edge and the third and fourth cutting edge runs smoothly. As a result, the wear on both sides is approximately uniform, whereby the maintenance is simplified.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind mittels des Einstellmechanismus die Mehrzahl der dritten Schneidelemente und das zweite Schneidelement derart axial in Richtung der Rotationsachse relativ zueinander bewegbar, dass ein Schneidspalt zwischen diesen einstellbar ist. Folglich ist auch der Schneidspalt zwischen den dritten und vierten Schneidkanten einstellbar, nämlich mittels des Einstellmechanismus. Wird das zweite Schneidelement ortsfest gehalten, ist es erforderlich, dass die Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente und die Mehrzahl dritter Schneidelemente im Wesentlichen gleichförmig auf das zweite Schneidelement axial zubewegt werden, um den Schneidspalt zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schneidkante sowie der dritten und vierten Schneidkante gleichförmig auszubilden.According to a further preferred embodiment, by means of the adjusting mechanism, the plurality of third cutting elements and the second cutting element are axially movable in the direction of the axis of rotation relative to one another such that a cutting gap is adjustable between them. Consequently, the cutting gap between the third and fourth cutting edges is adjustable, namely by means of the adjustment mechanism. When the second cutting element is held stationary, it is necessary for the plurality of first cutting elements and the plurality of third cutting elements to be moved axially substantially uniformly toward the second cutting element to uniformly form the cutting gap between the first and second cutting edges and the third and fourth cutting edges.
In einer bevorzugten Variante der Erfindung allerdings, ist die Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente ortsfest gehalten und das zweite Schneidelement wird relativ zu den ersten Schneidelementen auf diese zu bewegt. Daher ist es erforderlich, dass die Mehrzahl dritter Schneidelemente um das Doppelte axial zugestellt wird, um eine Schneidspaltverengung gleichförmig auszubilden. Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass der Einstellmechanismus dies berücksichtigt und stets eine doppelte Zustellung der dritten Schneidelemente vorsieht.In a preferred variant of the invention, however, the plurality of first cutting elements is held stationary and the second cutting element is moved relative to the first cutting elements to this. Therefore, it is required that the plurality of third cutting elements be doubled axially in order to uniformly form a cutting gap constriction. It is preferably provided that the adjustment mechanism takes this into account and always provides a double delivery of the third cutting elements.
Vorzugweise sind die dritten Schneidelemente in einem Gehäuse gehalten, wobei der Einstellmechanismus eine Einrichtung zum Festlegen der axialen Position des Gehäuses aufweist. Vorzugsweise weist die Einrichtung zum Festlegen der axialen Position des Gehäuses eine erste Schraube zum Definieren der axialen Position des Gehäuses und eine zweite Konterschraube zum Fixieren der axialen Position des Gehäuses auf. Der Mechanismus ist also ähnlich ausgebildet, wie die Einrichtung zum Einstellen des ersten Schneidspalts, der oben beschrieben wurde. Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Gewinde der Schraube zum Definieren der axialen Position des Gehäuses eine doppelte Gewindesteigung hat, wie die Schraube zum Definieren der axialen Position der Nabe. Dann ist es ausreichend, die Schrauben im gleichen Sinn zu verstellen, um eine doppelte Zustellung für die dritten Schneidelemente vorzusehen.Preferably, the third cutting elements are held in a housing, wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises means for determining the axial position of the housing. Preferably, the means for determining the axial position of the housing comprises a first screw for defining the axial position of the housing and a second lock screw for fixing the axial position of the housing. The mechanism is thus designed in a similar way as the device for setting the first Cutting gap, which has been described above. It can be provided that the thread of the screw for defining the axial position of the housing has a double thread pitch, as the screw for defining the axial position of the hub. Then it is sufficient to adjust the screws in the same sense to provide a double delivery for the third cutting elements.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, weist die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ferner einen Vorzerkleinerer auf, der stromaufwärts der ersten und zweiten Schneidelemente angeordnet ist, und aufweist: ein erstes Vorschneidelement umfassend zumindest eine erste Vorschneidkante, und ein zweites, auf einer vierten Kreisbahn relativ zu dem ersten Vorschneidelement bewegbares zweites Vorschneidelement, umfassend zumindest eine zweite Vorschneidkante, wobei das zweite Vorschneidelement mit dem Antrieb, zum gemeinsamen Bewegen mit dem zweiten Schneidelement gekoppelt ist. Der Vorzerkleinerer ist vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen ausgebildet wie die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, die in
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung ist das zweite Schneidelement schräg zu der Rotationsachse angeordnet. Dies gilt vorzugsweise für alle zweiten Schneidelemente der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung. Vorzugsweise sind alle zweiten Schneidelemente gleichsinnig schräg angeordnet. Die zweiten Schneidelemente sind vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen plattenförmig, sodass eine Ebene des plattenförmigen Schneidelements schräg angeordnet ist. Die Schneidzacken sind vorzugsweise in dieser Ausführungsform ebenso schräg zu dem Schneidelement angeordnet, sodass die Schneidzacken vorzugsweise eine Ebene definieren, die senkrecht zur Rotationsachse ist.In a preferred embodiment, the second cutting element is arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation. This preferably applies to all second cutting elements of the comminution device. Preferably, all second cutting elements are arranged obliquely in the same direction. The second cutting elements are preferably substantially plate-shaped, so that a plane of the plate-shaped cutting element is arranged obliquely. The cutting prongs are preferably also arranged obliquely to the cutting element in this embodiment, so that the cutting prongs preferably define a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Durch die Schrägstellung der zweiten Schneidelemente wird eine gleichmäßigere Belastung erreicht, da die einzelnen Schneidzacken nacheinander und nicht gleichzeitig in Eingriff kommen. Hierdurch kann die Stromaufnahme des Antriebs deutlich gleichmäßiger erfolgen, da eine Schwankung des Lastmoments verringert ist. Ferner kann durch diese Ausgestaltung die Lebensdauer vergrößert werden, insbesondere die eines etwaigen Getriebes, und auch eine Geräuschentwicklung kann reduziert werden.The skewing of the second cutting elements a more uniform load is achieved because the individual cutting teeth successively and not simultaneously engaged. As a result, the power consumption of the drive can be made much more uniform, since a fluctuation of the load torque is reduced. Furthermore, through this Design the life can be increased, in particular that of any transmission, and also a noise can be reduced.
Vorzugsweise schließt das wenigstens eine zweite Schneidelement einen Winkel mit der Rotationsachse ein, der in einem Bereich von >0° bis 90°, vorzugsweise >0° bis 45°, weiter bevorzugt 5° bis 45° ist. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass bereits eine geringe Schrägstellung ausreichen kann, um die oben genannten Effekte zu erreichen. Ein Winkel von 45° ist für viele Anwendungen optimal.Preferably, the at least one second cutting element includes an angle with the axis of rotation which is in a range of> 0 ° to 90 °, preferably> 0 ° to 45 °, more preferably 5 ° to 45 °. It has been found that even a slight inclination can be sufficient to achieve the above effects. An angle of 45 ° is optimal for many applications.
Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, dass das zweite Schneidelement auf einer Nabe gehalten ist, wobei die Nabe wenigstens eine radiale Ausnehmung mit einer schräg zu der Rotationsachse angeordneten Haltefläche ausweist, wobei das zweite Schneidelement an der Haltefläche gehalten ist. Die zweiten Schneidelemente können auf diese Weise konstruktiv einfach gehalten werden. Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die zweiten Schneidelemente möglichst einfach sind, da sie verschleißen und ausgewechselt werden müssen. Eine kostengünstige Herstellung ist daher besonders bevorzugt. Die erhöhte Komplexität, die durch die Schrägstellung auftritt, wird gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel auf die Nabe übertragen, die in der Regel nicht ausgewechselt werden muss. Die Schrägstellung der Halteflächen der Nabe definiert vorzugsweise die Schrägstellung der zweiten Schneidelemente.Furthermore, it is preferred that the second cutting element is held on a hub, wherein the hub has at least one radial recess with a holding surface arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation, wherein the second cutting element is held on the holding surface. The second cutting elements can be kept structurally simple in this way. It is advantageous if the second cutting elements are as simple as possible, since they wear out and have to be replaced. Cost-effective production is therefore particularly preferred. The increased complexity that occurs due to the skew is transmitted to the hub according to this embodiment, which usually does not need to be replaced. The inclination of the retaining surfaces of the hub preferably defines the inclination of the second cutting elements.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung weist das wenigstens eine zweite Schneidelement einen Durchlass auf zum Verringern eines Strömungswiderstands. Dies ist insbesondere dann bevorzugt, wenn die zweiten Schneidelemente plattenförmig sind. Hierdurch wird der Strömungswiderstand reduziert und der Energiebedarf der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung kann reduziert werden. Dies ist besonders bevorzugt wenn die zweiten Schneidelemente schräg angeordnet sind, da dann vorzugsweise stets eine Schneidzacke in Eingriff ist.In a preferred development, the at least one second cutting element has a passage for reducing a flow resistance. This is particularly preferred when the second cutting elements are plate-shaped. As a result, the flow resistance is reduced and the energy requirement of the crushing device can be reduced. This is particularly preferred when the second cutting elements are arranged obliquely, since then preferably always a cutting teeth is engaged.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Schnitt durch eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem eingebauten Zustand;
- Fig. 2
- das Detail Z aus
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt durch die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung;
- Fig. 4
- eine Detailansicht eines zweiten Schneidelements;
- Fig. 5
- den Schnitt B-B gemäß
Fig. 6 ; - Fig. 6
- eine Draufsicht mit teilweisem Ausbruch auf die Vorrichtung gemäß
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 7
- eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in eingebautem Zustand gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 8
- eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Nabe samt zweiten Schneidelementen einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel; und
- Fig. 9
- eine Seitenansicht der Nabe aus
Fig. 8 .
- Fig. 1
- a section through a crushing device according to a first embodiment in an installed state;
- Fig. 2
- the detail Z out
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 3
- a section through the crushing device;
- Fig. 4
- a detailed view of a second cutting element;
- Fig. 5
- the section BB according to
Fig. 6 ; - Fig. 6
- a plan view with partial outbreak on the device according to
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 7
- a crushing device in the installed state according to a second embodiment;
- Fig. 8
- a perspective view of a hub including second cutting elements of a crushing device according to a third embodiment; and
- Fig. 9
- a side view of the hub
Fig. 8 ,
Eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 ist in einem Topf 2 eines Leitungssystems angeordnet. Der Topf 2 weist einen Zulauf 4 und einen Ablauf 6 auf, die an entsprechende Rohre angeflanscht werden können. Im Inneren weist der Topf 2 ein Trennblech 8 auf, das Zulauf 4 und Ablauf 6 voneinander trennt. In dem Trennblech 8 ist ein Durchlass 10 ausgebildet, in den die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 eingesetzt ist. Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 wird mit Bezug auf die weiteren Figuren genauer beschrieben werden. Sie weist ein Hauptgehäuse 12 auf, in welchem eine Antriebswelle 14 gelagert ist, die mit einem Antrieb 16 gekoppelt ist. Die gesamte Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 ist über einen Schwenkmechanismus 18 schwenkbar an dem Topf 2 gehalten und kann mit Bezug auf
Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 (vgl.
Anhand der
An dem Hauptgehäuse 12 ist der Antrieb 16 angeordnet. Drehfest an dem Antrieb 16 bzw. einer Ausgangswelle des Antriebs 16 (nicht im Detail dargestellt) ist die Antriebswelle 14 befestigt. Dazu ist einerseits eine zentrale Schraube 32 vorgesehen, als auch eine Passfeder, um Drehkräfte zu übertragen. Die Antriebswelle 14 ist mittels einer Lagerung 36 an dem Hauptgehäuse 12 gelagert.On the
Stirnseitig gegen das Hauptgehäuse 12 ist zunächst die Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente 24 befestigt. Dazu ist eine weitere Schraubverbindung 38 vorgesehen. Die Mehrzahl erster Schneidelemente 24 ist insgesamt einteilig ausgebildet und die einzelnen Schneidkanten 40 sind aus einem Körper herausgefräst, sodass die Schneidelemente 24 einen gemeinsamen Gehäuseabschnitt 42 aufweisen und so als Einheit an dem Hauptgehäuse 12 befestigt werden können. Die Schneidelemente 24 sind auf einer Kreisbahn angeordnet und jeweils mit ihrer Hauptebene radial zur Rotationsachse A ausgerichtet. Die Zentralachse der Kreisbahn ist identisch mit der Rotationsachse A.The front side against the
Korrespondierend zu der ersten gezackten Schneidkante 40 der ersten Schneidelemente 24 ist ein zweites Schneidelement 26 vorgesehen. Insgesamt sind gemäß diesen Ausführungsbeispielen sieben zweite Schneidelemente 26 vorgesehen, auch wenn nur eines mit Bezugszeichen 26 versehen ist. Das zweite Schneidelement 26 weist eine zweite Schneidkante 44 auf, die gezackt ausgebildet ist und mit der ersten Schneidkante 40 korrespondiert. Das zweite Schneidelement 26 ist über eine Klemmverbindung 46 an einer Nabe 48 befestigt. Die Nabe 48 ist ihrerseits axial auf der Welle 14 gelagert, wobei zur Drehmomentenübertragung eine Passfeder 50 vorgesehen ist. Die Nabe 48 ist axial in Richtung der Rotationsachse A verschieblich und folglich ist ein Abstand zwischen einem Wellenabsatz 52 der Antriebswelle 14 und einer Stirnseite 54 der Nabe 48 vorgesehen. Wie leicht aus
In der in
Der Einstellmechanismus 60 umfasst gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zunächst die verschiebliche Nabe 48, die das oder die zweiten Schneidelemente 26 trägt. Zum Verstellen der axialen Position der Nabe 48 ist gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine erste Schraube 62 vorgesehen, die sich durch eine korrespondierende Gewindebohrung 64 in der Nabe 48 erstreckt. Wie aus
Gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel (
Über das Gehäuse 74 sind die dritten Schneidelemente 28 an dem Gehäuse 42 der ersten Schneidelemente 24 befestigt. Mittels des Einstellmechanismus 60 ist auch der Abstand zwischen den dritten Schneidkanten 70 und vierten Schneidkanten 72 einstellbar. Dazu sind an dem Gehäuse 74 Gewindebohrungen 76 vorgesehen (vgl.
In
Der Winkel β von Zacken 100, die radial weiter außen liegen, d.h. in Bezug auf
In
Im Unterschied zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel (vgl. insbesondere
Die
Die Nabe 48 weist eine Mehrzahl radialer Ausnehmungen 130 auf, die eine Haltefläche 132 definieren. An diesen Halteflächen 132 sind die jeweiligen zweiten Schneidelemente 26 gehalten. Dies ist in diesem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel durch jeweils zwei Schrauben 134, 136 gelöst, die sich durch entsprechende Durchgangslöcher (nicht gezeigt) an den zweiten Schneidelementen 26 erstrecken und in mit Innengewinde versehenen Sacklochbohrungen (nicht gezeigt) an der Nabe 48 eingeschraubt sind. Alternativ zu dieser Schraubverbindung sind auch andere Verbindungen denkbar und bevorzugt, wie insbesondere Klemm- und/oder Steckverbindungen.The
Die zweiten Schneidelemente 26 sind sämtlich mit Bezug auf die Rotationsachse A schräg angeordnet. Während die Schneidelemente 26 in den ersten Ausführungsbeispielen gemeinsam in einer Ebene mit der Rotationsachse A lagen oder wenigstens parallel zu dieser sind, schließen sie in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel (
Ein weiterer Unterschied liegt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel darin, dass die zweiten Schneidelemente jeweils einen Durchlass 140 aufweisen. Die Durchlässe 140 sind grundsätzlich so ausgebildet, dass sie in etwa der äußeren Kontur der zweiten Schneidelemente 26 angepasst sind, aber eine ausreichende Wandstärke sowohl zum Befestigen der zweiten Schneidelemente 26 an der Nabe 48, als auch ein Schneiden erlauben. Hier sind verschiedene Geometrien denkbar, um einen effizienten Fluidstrom zu erlauben, oder diesen sogar durch die bestimmte Geometrie der Durchlässe 140 positiv zu beeinflussen. Es soll verstanden werden, dass die Durchlässe 140 ebenso bei den zweiten Schneidelementen 26 der ersten beiden Ausführungsbeispiele (
Claims (15)
- A comminution device (1), comprising:- a plurality of first cutting elements (24) having first serrated cutting edges (40) disposed on a first circular path;- at least one second cutting element (26) having a second serrated cutting edge (44) corresponding to the first serrated cutting edges (44) for cutting through cutting material, the second cutting element (26) being displaceable about a rotational axis (A) on a second circular path concentric with the first circular path,- the second serrated cutting edge (44) comprising a plurality of jags (100) and each jag comprising a radially inner flank (102) and a radially outer flank (104), each at an angle (α, β) to the axis of rotation (A);- a drive (16) for rotationally driving the second cutting element (26) about the axis of rotation (A); characterized in that said device comprises an adjusting mechanism (60) by means of which the plurality of first cutting elements (24) and the second cutting element (26) are axially displaceable in the direction of the axis of rotation (A) relative to each other such that a cutting gap between them is adjustable.
- The comminution device according to claim 1, wherein the jags (100) are disposed on a path (B) running at an angle to the axis of rotation (A).
- The comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, wherein the angle (β) of the outer flanks (104) and the angle (α) of the inner flanks (102) are different.
- The comminution device according to claim 2, wherein the angle (β) of the outer flanks (104) of at least some of the plurality of jags (100) is greater than the angle (α) of the inner flank (102).
- The comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the angle (β) of the radially outer flank (104) of at least one radially outer jag (100) is greater than the angle (β) of the radially outer flank (104) of a radially inner jag (100).
- The comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the radially outer flank (104) of at least one jag (100) is longer than the radially inner flank (102) of said jag (100).
- The comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second cutting element (26) is mounted on an axially displaceable hub (48), and wherein the adjustment mechanism (60) comprises a device for setting the axial position of the hub (48), wherein the device preferably comprises a first screw (62) for defining the axial position of the hub (48) and a second counterscrew (66) for fixing the axial position.
- The comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a plurality of third cutting elements (28) having third serrated cutting edges (70) disposed on a third circular path preferably concentric to the first circular path and having the same diameter.
- The comminution device according to claim 8, wherein the second cutting element (26) comprises a fourth serrated cutting edge (72) corresponding to the third serrated cutting edges (70) for cutting through cutting material, wherein the second cutting edge (44) and the fourth cutting edge (72) are preferably substantially mirror-symmetrical in design.
- The comminution device according to any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein by means of the adjustment mechanism (60), the plurality of third cutting elements (28) and the second cutting element (26) are axially displaceable in the direction of the axis of rotation (A) relative to each other such that a cutting gap between them is adjustable.
- The comminution device according to claim 10, wherein the third cutting elements (28) are mounted in a housing (74), and wherein the adjustment mechanism (60) comprises a device for setting the axial position of the housing (74), wherein the device preferably comprises a first screw (78) for defining the axial position of the housing (74) and a second counterscrew (88) for fixing the axial position of the housing (74).
- The comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a pre-comminutor (120) disposed upstream of the first and second cutting elements (24, 26) and comprising:- a first pre-cutting element (122) comprising at least one first pre-cutting edge, and- a second pre-cutting element (124) displaceable on a fourth circular path relative to the first pre-cutting element (122), comprising at least one second precut edge (125a, 125b),wherein the second pre-cutting element (124) is coupled to the drive (16) for displacing together with the second cutting element (26).
- The comminuting device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one second cutting element (26) is disposed at an angle to the axis of rotation (A), wherein the at least one second cutting element (26) encloses an angle (γ) with the axis of rotation (A), said angle being preferably in a range from >0° to 90°, preferably >0° to 45°, further preferably 5° to 45°.
- The comminution device according to claim 13, wherein the second cutting element (26) is mounted on a hub (48), wherein the hub (48) comprises at least one radial recess (130) having a mounting surface (132) disposed at an angle to the axis of rotation (A), wherein the second cutting element (26) is mounted on the mounting surface (132).
- The comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one second cutting element (26) comprises an aperture (140) for reducing a flow resistance.
Priority Applications (1)
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DE202022103106U1 (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2023-09-04 | Vogelsang Gmbh & Co. Kg | Crushing device for comminuting a medium containing solids |
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