EP2965848B1 - Widerstandspunktschweissverfahren - Google Patents

Widerstandspunktschweissverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2965848B1
EP2965848B1 EP14759633.2A EP14759633A EP2965848B1 EP 2965848 B1 EP2965848 B1 EP 2965848B1 EP 14759633 A EP14759633 A EP 14759633A EP 2965848 B1 EP2965848 B1 EP 2965848B1
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Prior art keywords
welding
heat generated
current
welded
time
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EP14759633.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2965848A1 (de
EP2965848A4 (de
Inventor
Yasuaki Okita
Chikaumi SAWANISHI
Rinsei Ikeda
Kenji Oi
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • B23K11/11—Spot welding
    • B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a method of resistance spot welding by multistep current passage in which the current pattern has two or more steps.
  • this disclosure attempts to form a suitable nugget by utilizing adaptive control welding in each step.
  • Resistance spot welding which is a type of lap resistance welding, is typically used to join overlapping steel sheets.
  • This welding method is a method to join two or more overlapping steel sheets by applying a high welding current for a short time between a pair of electrodes squeezing the steel sheets from above and below.
  • a point-like weld is obtained using the resistance heat generated by passing the high-current welding current.
  • Such a point-like weld is referred to as a nugget and is the portion where both of the overlapping steel sheets fuse and coagulate at a location of contact between the steel sheets when current is applied to the steel sheets.
  • the steel sheets are joined in a point-like manner by this nugget.
  • the nugget diameter is determined by welding conditions such as the welding current, welding time, electrode shape, electrode force, and the like. Therefore, to form an appropriate nugget diameter, the above welding conditions need to be set appropriately in accordance with the conditions of materials to be welded, such as the material properties, sheet thickness, number of sheets overlapped, and the like.
  • the same nugget diameter can be obtained under the same welding conditions such as the welding current, welding time, electrode force, and the like.
  • the surfaces of the electrodes in contact with the materials to be welded gradually wear, so that the contact area gradually expands beyond that of the initial state. If the same welding current as in the initial state is applied after the contact area has thus expanded, the current density in the materials to be welded lowers, and the temperature rise in the weld is reduced. The nugget diameter therefore decreases.
  • the electrodes are either dressed or replaced, so that the electrode tip diameter does not expand excessively.
  • a resistance welding device provided with a function (stepper function) to increase the welding current after welding a predetermined number of times, so as to compensate for the reduction in current density due to wear of the electrodes, has also been used conventionally.
  • stepper function the above-described pattern for changing the welding current needs to be set appropriately in advance. Performing tests or the like, however, to derive a pattern for changing the welding current that corresponds to numerous welding conditions and conditions of materials to be welded is highly time-consuming and expensive.
  • the state of progress of electrode wear also varies during actual work. Therefore, the predetermined pattern for changing the welding current cannot always be considered appropriate.
  • JP H9-216071 A discloses a control unit of a resistance welder that obtains a set nugget by comparing an estimated temperature distribution of the weld with a target nugget and controlling output of the welder.
  • JP H10-94883 A discloses a method of controlling welding conditions of a resistance welder to achieve good welding by detecting the welding current and the voltage between tips, performing a simulation of the weld by heat transfer calculation, and estimating the formation state of the nugget.
  • JP H11-33743 A discloses the achievement of a good weld, regardless of the type of materials being welded or the wear state of the electrodes, with a welding system that first uses the sheet thickness of the materials being welded and the welding time to calculate the cumulative amount of heat generated per unit volume that allows for good welding of the materials being welded and then adjusts the welding current or voltage that yields the calculated amount of heat generated per unit volume and unit time.
  • the resistance spot welding method recited in PTL 3 always allows for good welding regardless of the degree of electrode wear by controlling the cumulative amount of heat generated to be a target value.
  • the set conditions of materials to be welded and the actual conditions of materials to be welded greatly differ, however, for example in cases such as when there is a disturbance nearby such as the aforementioned previously welded point, when the time variation pattern of the amount of heat generated changes greatly in a short period of time, or when welding hot-dip galvanized steel sheets with a large coating weight, then adaptive control cannot keep up. In some cases, the necessary nugget diameter is not obtained, or splashing occurs due to excessive heat input.
  • a timing for dividing into the two or more steps is a point in time at which a weld is formed between the materials to be welded.
  • the current pattern is divided into two or more steps, and in each step, the time variation of the instantaneous amount of heat generated per unit volume and the cumulative amount of heat generated per unit volume are stored as target values, thereby allowing for adaptive control welding in each step during actual welding. Therefore, wear of the electrode tip and the presence of a disturbance can also effectively be addressed, a good nugget can be obtained, and application of adaptive control welding to multistep resistance spot welding that requires multistep current passage becomes possible.
  • resistance spot welding is performed by multistep current passage in which the current pattern is divided into two or more steps, and before actual welding, test welding is performed to store, for each step as target values, a time variation of an instantaneous amount of heat generated per unit volume and a cumulative amount of heat generated per unit volume that are calculated from an electrical property between electrodes when forming an appropriate nugget. Even if the time variation amount of the instantaneous amount of heat generated deviates during any step from the time variation curve that is a standard by a difference, adaptive control welding is then utilized to compensate for the difference during the remaining welding time in the step so as to match a cumulative amount of heat generated in the actual welding to the cumulative amount of heat generated that is determined in advance in the test welding.
  • test welding according to our method will be described.
  • the case of passing welding current in two steps is described.
  • a test on the same type of steel and thickness as the materials to be welded is performed by welding under a variety of conditions with constant current control in a state with no gap or diversion to a previously welded point.
  • the welding conditions for obtaining a necessary nugget diameter i.e. the appropriate electrode force F, welding time T, and welding current I, are thus discovered.
  • an inverter DC resistance spot welder is preferable as the welder, and chromium copper electrodes with DR-shaped tips may be advantageously adapted for use as the electrodes.
  • the nugget diameter may be determined by a peel test or by cross-sectional observation at the nugget center (by etching with a saturated picric acid solution).
  • the point in time at which a weld is formed between the steel sheets, which are the materials to be welded may be adopted as the timing for division into steps in the case that the current pattern is divided into two steps.
  • welding is performed while changing the welding time to discover the point in time at which the weld forms.
  • Formation of the weld may be confirmed by a peel test.
  • the time variation of the instantaneous amount of heat generated per unit volume and the cumulative amount of heat generated per unit volume that are calculated from an electrical property between electrodes during welding performed under the above conditions are then stored for each step as target values, completing the test welding.
  • the electrical property between electrodes refers to the resistance between electrodes or the voltage between electrodes.
  • Cooling time may be provided between the first step welding conditions and the second step welding conditions yet is not essential.
  • the actual welding is started using, as a standard, a time variation curve of the instantaneous amount of heat generated per unit volume obtained by the test welding, and in each of the steps, when the time variation amount of the instantaneous amount of heat generated follows the time variation curve that is the standard, welding is performed as is to completion.
  • adaptive control welding is performed to control the current passage amount in response to the difference, thereby compensating during the remaining welding time in the step so as to match a cumulative amount of heat generated in the actual welding to the cumulative amount of heat generated that is determined in advance in the test welding.
  • PTL 3 discloses one example, which is used in this disclosure.
  • the cumulative amount of heat generated Q per unit volume is calculated with this method as follows.
  • the total thickness of the two materials to be welded be t
  • the electrical resistivity of the materials to be welded be r
  • the voltage between electrodes be V
  • the welding current be I
  • the area of contact between the electrodes and the materials to be welded be S.
  • the welding current passes through a columnar portion with a cross-sectional area S and thickness t, generating resistance heat.
  • the amount of heat generated q per unit volume and unit time in this columnar portion is determined with Equation (1) below.
  • the amount of heat generated q per unit volume and unit time can be calculated from the voltage between electrodes V, total thickness t of materials being welded, and electrical resistivity r of the materials being welded. Therefore, the amount of heat generated q is not affected by the area S of contact between the electrodes and the materials being welded.
  • Equation (3) the amount of heat generated is calculated from the voltage between electrodes V, yet the amount of heat generated q may also be calculated from the current between electrodes I. In this case as well, the area S of contact between the electrodes and the materials being welded need not be used.
  • the current pattern is divided into two or more steps.
  • the following points in time are possibilities as the timing for division into steps.
  • the time when the weld forms between steel sheets is preferably used as the dividing point. This is the point between the beginning of weld formation between the steel sheets and the subsequent process of nugget growth.
  • the timing at which the weld begins to form between the steel sheets can be determined by observation through a peel test, or through cross-sectional observation of the weld, after welding by changing the welding time.
  • the materials to be welded are coated steel sheets, three-step division that takes fusion of the coating into account is more preferable.
  • the reason is that when coating is present, there is a large change in the phenomenon up until a stable current path forms directly below the electrodes, where the effect of diversion is large. Since the melting point of the coating is lower than that of the steel sheets, the coating between the steel sheets first fuses after passage of current begins, and a portion of the fused coating is expelled from between the steel sheets due to the electrode force. The coating that is expelled at this time expands the current conducting area, thereby greatly reducing the resistance between electrodes during welding. Conversely, the specific resistance of the materials to be welded increases along with a rise in temperature.
  • the specific resistance increases as the welding time lengthens, and after the decrease in resistance between electrodes due to the expanded current conducting area, an increase in the resistance between electrodes occurs due to the rise in temperature of the materials to be welded. Subsequently, the weld forms. Therefore, dividing the welding process into three steps, i.e. the step in which the coating fuses and the current conducting area expands suddenly, the step up until a stable current path (weld) forms between the electrodes due to subsequent passage of current, and the subsequent nugget formation step, and then performing, in each step, adaptive control welding to guarantee the cumulative amount of heat generated per unit volume allows for a stable current path to be formed by resistance spot welding of coated steel sheets, even if a previously welded point is located nearby. This approach also allows for stable nugget growth in the subsequent third step.
  • Examples of the disturbance referred to in this disclosure include the above-described presence of a previously welded point near the welding point or contact point between the materials to be welded, as well as wear of the electrodes or the like.
  • test welding has been described as being performed in a state without disturbances such as previously welded points. Performing the test welding in a state with a previously welded point, however, poses no problem whatsoever, as doing so reduces the difference between the conditions of test welding and actual welding, thereby facilitating effective performance of adaptive control.
  • Mild steel (thickness: 1.6 mm) was prepared as the materials to be welded.
  • the welding current was passed with a two-step current passage method.
  • Two sheets of the materials to be welded were overlapped and welded with constant current control in a state with no gap or diversion to a previously welded point.
  • the welding conditions for obtaining a suitable nugget diameter were thus obtained.
  • An inverter DC resistance spot welder was used as the welder, and chromium copper electrodes with 6 mm face diameter DR-shaped tips were used as the electrodes.
  • an electrode force of 3.43 kN (350 kgf) and a welding time of 16 cyc (50 Hz (hereinafter, time units all refer to the number of cycles at 50 Hz)) were kept constant, and the welding current was changed to a variety of settings to determine the current at which a nugget diameter of 4 ⁇ t (t: sheet thickness) was obtained.
  • FIG. 1(a) illustrates a weld cross-section when performing this test welding
  • FIG. 1(b) illustrates the corresponding change over time of the welding current, electrical resistance, and cumulative amount of heat generated.
  • the target cumulative amount of heat generated that was obtained in the test welding was 138 J for the first step and 167 J for the second step. Therefore, the final target cumulative amount of heat generated was 305 J.
  • Multistep adaptive control resistance spot welding was performed with the above test welding as a standard, under the conditions of a previously welded point present near the welding point (distance between centers of points: 7.5 mm) and a large effect of diversion.
  • resistance spot welding was performed using, as a standard, the time variation curve of the instantaneous amount of heat generated per unit volume obtained by test welding.
  • FIG. 2(a) illustrates a weld cross-section at that time
  • FIG. 2(b) illustrates the change over time of the welding current, electrical resistance, and cumulative amount of heat generated.
  • resistance spot welding with constant current control (Comparative Example 1) and adaptive control welding with conventional one-step current passage were performed under the condition of a previously welded point present near the welding point (distance between centers of points: 7.5 mm).
  • the constant current control welding was performed under the conditions of an electrode force of 3.43 kN (350 kgf), welding time of 16 cyc, and welding current of 6.2 kA.
  • the adaptive control welding with conventional one-step current passage was performed under the condition of a previously welded point being present while using, as a standard, test welding with one-step current passage performed under the conditions of an electrode force of 3.43 kN (350 kgf), welding time of 16 cyc, welding current of 6.2 kA, and the absence of previously welded points.
  • FIG. 3(a) illustrates a weld cross-section when performing constant current control welding
  • FIG. 3(b) illustrates the corresponding change over time of the welding current, electrical resistance, and cumulative amount of heat generated.
  • FIG. 4(a) illustrates a weld cross-section when performing adaptive control welding with conventional one-step current
  • FIG. 4(b) illustrates the corresponding change over time of the welding current, electrical resistance, and cumulative amount of heat generated.
  • the current greatly changed so that the cumulative amount of heat generated became equivalent to the case of the test welding.
  • the obtained nugget had a nugget diameter of 5.0 mm, nearly the target diameter.
  • the cumulative amount of heat generated was 135 J in the first step and 172 J in the second step.
  • the resulting cumulative amount of heat generated of 307 J thus nearly equaled that of the test welding.
  • the current control could not keep pace with the change in the welding phenomenon, and the cumulative amount of heat generated grew larger than that of the test welding.
  • the nugget diameter of 5.6 mm was too large, and a state in which splashing occurred easily was reached.
  • Table 1 compares the cumulative amount of heat generated in the first step (up to the fourth cycle) for the test welding, two-step adaptive control welding according to our method, conventional constant current control welding, and conventional one-step adaptive control welding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Verfahren zum Widerstandspunktschweißen zum Vereinen von zu schweißenden Materialien durch Quetschen der Materialien zwischen einem Paar von Elektroden und Durchlaufenlassen von Strom, während Druck angelegt wird, wobei die Materialien eine Vielzahl einander überlappender Metalltafeln sind, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    Teilen eines Strommusters in zwei oder mehrere Schritte zum Schweißen;
    vor dem tatsächlichen Schweißen, Ausführen von Testschweißen, um, für jeden Schritt als einen Zielwert, eine Zeitvariation einer Momentanmenge an Hitze, die pro Volumeneinheit erzeugt wird, und eine kumulative Menge an Hitze zu speichern, die pro Volumeneinheit erzeugt wird, die aus einer elektrischen Eigenschaft zwischen Elektroden berechnet werden, wenn eine angemessene Schweißlinse gebildet wird, indem Strom mit konstanter Stromsteuerung durchgelassen wird; und
    anschließend, als tatsächliches Schweißen, Starten des Schweißens, indem, als ein Standard, eine Zeitvariationskurve der Momentanmenge an Hitze verwendet wird, die pro Volumeneinheit erzeugt wird, die durch das Testschweißen erhalten wird, gekennzeichnet durch Ausführen von Schweißen mit adaptiver Steuerung, um einen Schweißstrom mit der kumulativen Menge an Hitze, die erzeugt wird, die für jeden Schritt im Voraus bei dem Testschweißen bestimmt wird, als einen Zielwert zu steuern, um einen Unterschied während einer restlichen Schweißzeit bei dem Schritt zu kompensieren, wobei adaptive Steuerung ausgeführt wird, wenn eine Zeitvariationsmenge einer Momentanmenge an Hitze, die pro Volumeneinheit erzeugt wird, während eines beliebigen Schritts von der Zeitvariationskurve um den Unterschied abweicht.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein Timing für das Teilen in die zwei oder mehreren Schritte ein Zeitpunkt ist, in dem eine Schweißung zwischen den zu schweißenden Materialien gebildet wird.
EP14759633.2A 2013-03-08 2014-01-24 Widerstandspunktschweissverfahren Active EP2965848B1 (de)

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JP2013047180 2013-03-08
PCT/JP2014/052180 WO2014136507A1 (ja) 2013-03-08 2014-01-24 抵抗スポット溶接方法

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US (1) US10328518B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2965848B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5920523B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101714293B1 (de)
CN (1) CN105189014B (de)
MX (1) MX351054B (de)
WO (1) WO2014136507A1 (de)

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EP3130424B1 (de) * 2014-06-12 2018-11-21 JFE Steel Corporation Widerstandspunktschweissvorrichtung und widerstandspunktschweissverfahren
US10625365B2 (en) 2014-12-01 2020-04-21 Jfe Steel Corporation Resistance spot welding method
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JP6168246B1 (ja) 2015-08-27 2017-07-26 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法
WO2017212916A1 (ja) 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 抵抗スポット溶接方法
JP6913062B2 (ja) * 2017-08-18 2021-08-04 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法
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JP7006388B2 (ja) * 2018-03-09 2022-01-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 抵抗スポット溶接方法および抵抗スポット溶接装置
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CN112334261B (zh) * 2018-06-29 2021-12-21 杰富意钢铁株式会社 电阻点焊方法和焊接构件的制造方法
KR102415946B1 (ko) * 2018-06-29 2022-06-30 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 저항 스폿 용접 방법 및 용접 부재의 제조 방법
CN109317799A (zh) * 2018-11-21 2019-02-12 广州市精源电子设备有限公司 点焊电源输出调节方法、装置、系统和存储介质
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JP6897914B1 (ja) * 2020-02-21 2021-07-07 株式会社オリジン 接合装置及び接合済部材の製造方法
CN111390366A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-07-10 深圳市欧帝克科技有限公司 一种电阻焊电极温度补偿方法
CN113134671B (zh) * 2021-03-22 2022-11-18 首钢集团有限公司 一种焊接板组的电阻点焊方法
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WO2014136507A8 (ja) 2015-07-30
KR101714293B1 (ko) 2017-03-08
CN105189014B (zh) 2017-06-30
EP2965848A1 (de) 2016-01-13
KR20150119945A (ko) 2015-10-26
CN105189014A (zh) 2015-12-23
WO2014136507A1 (ja) 2014-09-12
MX2015011798A (es) 2016-01-08
US20160008913A1 (en) 2016-01-14
EP2965848A4 (de) 2016-06-08
JPWO2014136507A1 (ja) 2017-02-09
MX351054B (es) 2017-09-29

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