EP2923242B1 - Lever escapement for a timepiece - Google Patents

Lever escapement for a timepiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2923242B1
EP2923242B1 EP13792342.1A EP13792342A EP2923242B1 EP 2923242 B1 EP2923242 B1 EP 2923242B1 EP 13792342 A EP13792342 A EP 13792342A EP 2923242 B1 EP2923242 B1 EP 2923242B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
angle
lever
anchor
escapement
axis
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EP13792342.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2923242A1 (en
Inventor
Xuan Mai Tu
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Detra SA
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Detra SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/10—Escapements with constant impulses for the regulating mechanism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anchor escapement for a timepiece, in particular for a spiral balance-type wristwatch.
  • the anchor escapement is a well known type of escapement, it comprises an anchor having entry and exit pallets cooperating with an escape wheel and a fork cooperating with the balance plate pin.
  • Anchor escapements generally have fixed elements for limiting the amplitude of oscillation of the anchor in the form of pins fixed to the plate. These limiting elements define the two rest positions of the anchor. In these positions, the fork bears against the pins while a tooth of the escape wheel bears against the rest plane of the pallet entry or exit of the anchor.
  • anchor escapements which comprise movable elements for limiting the amplitude of oscillation of the anchor either by a particular form of the escape wheel, or by a particular form of the pallets.
  • These types of exhaust are described in the documents GB 682,566 , CH 101 651 , CH 569997 , CH 702930 .
  • the tooth resting on the entry or exit pallets must be positioned very precisely with respect to the end of the pallet resting plane so that the phases of disengagement and Exhaust impulse unfold correctly. Due to manufacturing tolerances, an anchor escapement generally requires a final adjustment of the positions of the entry and exit pallets. This adjustment is usually long and delicate because it can strongly influence the performance of the exhaust.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an anchor escapement that does not require adjustment operation of the pallets as a function of manufacturing tolerances.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a mechanical timepiece equipped with such an escapement.
  • the design of the exhaust according to the present invention implies that the settings are greatly reduced, because it is at the end of the pulse phase that the anchor is in the maximum angular position, and it returns back to the front middle position to be in a rest position. This implies that it does not abut on external pins like a conventional exhaust, but that the rest position is an equilibrium position on the escape wheel. This equilibrium position is ensured by the design of the shape of the pallets and / or the escape wheel: no adjustment is necessary.
  • the ratio ⁇ 1 / ⁇ 2 between the input contact end angle ⁇ 1 and the exit rest angle ⁇ 2 is greater than 1.045 and / or the ratio ⁇ 2 / ⁇ 1 between output contact end angle ⁇ 2 and the input quiescent angle ⁇ 1 is greater than 1.045.
  • the exhaust comprises at least one driving plane, located either on one of the pallets of the anchor or on the escape wheel and oriented so that the contact between the anchor and the escape wheel via said at least one plane of conduct creates a torque that tends to reduce the angle between the anchor and the reference axis (V) connecting the axes of the anchor and the balance.
  • the present implementation provides at least one driving plan that causes the anchor to naturally arrive in an equilibrium position, since the driving plane is arranged to create a torque creating a movement towards the position balance.
  • angles ⁇ 1 and / or ⁇ 2 for driving the vanes or driving the teeth of the escape wheel are between 12 and 38 degrees.
  • the contact force exerted by the escape wheel is outside the friction cone, so the anchor will slide to arrive in the rest position.
  • the exhaust has limiting pins G1, G2 to limit movement of the anchor in case of impact.
  • a second aspect of the invention is a timepiece provided with an exhaust according to the first aspect.
  • the anchor 2 comprises a fork 24 which engages temporarily during oscillations with the pin 32, which causes an angular oscillation movement of the anchor 2 around its axis. anchor 21.
  • a line F which passes through the anchor axis 21 and the axis of symmetry of the fork 24. It is this line F which is used to measure the angle of the anchor 2 with the reference axis V. It is understood that if the fork is arranged on the balance and the pin on the anchor, then the line F will pass through the pin (anchor), and by the axis of anchor 21.
  • the positions of the different elements of the exhaust of the figure 1 correspond to the anchor entry rest position.
  • the tooth 12 of the escape wheel is resting on the rest plane 221 of the entry pallet 22 and the fork 24 is resting on the pin 41.
  • the plate pin 32 rotating in the counterclockwise comes into contact with the fork 24 to release the anchor from its input rest position, the tooth 12 of the escape wheel slides on the pulse plane 222 of the input pallet.
  • figure 6 represents the end of contact between the output pallet 23 and the tooth 13 of the escape wheel.
  • ⁇ 2 represents the angle between the reference axis V and the line F of the range.
  • the exit contact angle ⁇ 2 is also less than the entry angle of repose ⁇ 1 corresponding to the anchor entry rest position.
  • the invention proposes a type of exhaust as described below.
  • the entry pallet comprises a rest plane 621, a pulse plane 622, a driving plane 623 while the output pallet has a rest plane 631, a pulse plane 632, a driving plane 633
  • the line connecting the axes 61 and 71 serves as a reference axis V for measuring the angle of the line F of the anchor 6.
  • the exhaust is at the anchor entry rest position, the axis of the fork F is at an angle ⁇ 1 with respect to V. In this position, the tooth 52 of the escape wheel is in resting on the intersection of the rest and driving planes 621 and 623 of the entry pallet 62.
  • This position is a position of rest or equilibrium stable because the resting surfaces 621 and conduit 623 are oriented relative to the axis of rotation 61 so that the tooth 52 pushes the anchor counterclockwise if it is resting on the surface 621 and clockwise if it bears on the surface 623.
  • the intersection between the resting plane 631 and the driving plane 633 is also a stable rest or equilibrium position for the tooth 53 because the resting surfaces 631 and the driving surfaces 633 are oriented with respect to the rotation 61 so that the tooth 53 pushes the anchor clockwise if it is on the surface 631 and counterclockwise if it is on the surface 633.
  • the driving and resting surfaces are arranged so that when the tooth of the escape wheel is resting on a driving surface, it moves the anchor to reduce the angle between the axis F of the fork and the reference axis V, while if it is resting on a resting surface, it moves the anchor to increase this angle.
  • the figure 8 illustrates the details of the 623 and rest plans 621.
  • n621 is the normal to the plane 621 and n623 is the normal to the plane 623 while d1 represents the line connecting the intersection of the planes 621, 623 and the axis 61.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 between n621 and d1 represents the draw angle of the input pallet and the angle ⁇ 1 between n623 and d1 represents the driving angle of the entry pallet.
  • figure 9 illustrates the details of the 633 and rest 631 plans.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 between n631 and d2 represents the draw angle of the output pallet and the angle ⁇ 2 between n633 and d2 represents the driving angle of the output pallet.
  • the value of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 must be between 5 and 20 degrees and the value of ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 between 12 and 38 degrees.
  • the figure 10 represents the end of contact between the input pallet and the tooth 52 of the escape wheel, in this position the angle between F and V is equal to ⁇ 1. This angle is chosen so that, given manufacturing tolerances, the tooth 53 still meets the driving plan 633. Under these conditions, the tooth 53, based on the surface 633, pushes the anchor counterclockwise to bring it to the stable output position represented by the figure 11 .
  • the angle ⁇ 1 is larger than the angle ⁇ 2, unlike the case of a conventional exhaust.
  • figure 12 represents the end of contact between the output pallet and the tooth 53 of the escape wheel.
  • ⁇ 2 represents the angle between the line V and the axis F of the range. This angle ⁇ 2 is also greater than the angle ⁇ 1 of the input rest position.
  • This ratio can vary according to several parameters such as the angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, the number of teeth of the escape wheel, the width of the head of the teeth of the escape wheel, width of the pallets etc.
  • the operating principle of this exhaust is practically identical to that of the figure 7 except for driving plans.
  • the driving planes 623 and 633 are placed on the pallets of the anchor while in this case these driving plans are placed at the teeth of the escape wheel.
  • the figure 14 represents the details of the 821 and rest 921 driving plans.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 between n921 and d1 represents the draw angle of the entry pallet and the angle ⁇ 1 between n821 and d1 represents the inlet duct angle of the tooth of the escape wheel. It can be seen that the two planes have the same functions as those in the case of the first execution example.
  • figure 15 illustrates the details of the 831 and the 931 Resting Plans.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 between n931 and d2 represents the pulling angle of the output pallet and the angle ⁇ 2 between n831 and d2 represents the output pipe angle of the tooth of the escape wheel.
  • the figure 16 represents a variant of the second embodiment of the exhaust according to the invention.
  • the exhaust has, in addition to the elements of Example 13, two limiting pins G1, G2. These pins do not participate in the normal operation of the exhaust but they aim to limit the amplitude of the anchor in the case of very large shocks. It is obvious that these pins must be placed outside the trajectories of the anchor in the case of normal operation, because unlike a conventional exhaust, they do not serve as mechanical stops during normal operation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un échappement à ancre pour pièce d'horlogerie, notamment pour une montre bracelet de type balancier spiral.The present invention relates to an anchor escapement for a timepiece, in particular for a spiral balance-type wristwatch.

L'échappement à ancre est un type d'échappement bien connu, il comporte une ancre possédant des palettes d'entrée et de sortie coopérant avec une roue d'échappement et une fourchette coopérant avec la cheville de plateau du balancier.The anchor escapement is a well known type of escapement, it comprises an anchor having entry and exit pallets cooperating with an escape wheel and a fork cooperating with the balance plate pin.

Les échappements à ancre possèdent généralement des éléments fixes de limitation de l'amplitude d'oscillation de l'ancre sous forme de goupilles fixées à la platine. Ces éléments de limitation définissent les deux positions de repos de l'ancre. Dans ces positions, la fourchette est en appui contre les goupilles tandis qu'une dent de la roue d'échappement est en appui contre le plan de repos de la palette d'entrée ou de sortie de l'ancre.Anchor escapements generally have fixed elements for limiting the amplitude of oscillation of the anchor in the form of pins fixed to the plate. These limiting elements define the two rest positions of the anchor. In these positions, the fork bears against the pins while a tooth of the escape wheel bears against the rest plane of the pallet entry or exit of the anchor.

Il existe aussi des échappements à ancre qui comportent des éléments mobiles de limitation de l'amplitude d'oscillation de l'ancre soit par une forme particulière de la roue d'échappement, soit par une forme particulière des palettes. Ces types d'échappement sont décrits dans les documents GB 682 566 , CH 101 651 , CH 569997 , CH 702930 .There are also anchor escapements which comprise movable elements for limiting the amplitude of oscillation of the anchor either by a particular form of the escape wheel, or by a particular form of the pallets. These types of exhaust are described in the documents GB 682,566 , CH 101 651 , CH 569997 , CH 702930 .

Dans les documents précités, on propose uniquement les moyens pour limiter l'amplitude d'oscillation de l'ancre et non pas les moyens pour amener l'ancre à la position de repos optimale en fonction des tolérances de fabrication.In the aforementioned documents, only the means for limiting the amplitude of oscillation of the anchor and not the means are proposed. to bring the anchor to the optimum rest position according to manufacturing tolerances.

Pour obtenir un bon fonctionnement de l'échappement, la dent en appui sur les palettes d'entrée ou de sortie doit être positionnée très précisément par rapport à l'extrémité du plan de repos des palettes de façon que les phases de dégagement et d'impulsion de l'échappement se déroulent correctement. Compte tenu des tolérances de fabrication, un échappement à ancre nécessite généralement un ajustement final des positions des palettes d'entrée et de sortie. Cet ajustement est en général long et délicat car il peut influencer fortement le rendement de l'échappement.To obtain proper operation of the escapement, the tooth resting on the entry or exit pallets must be positioned very precisely with respect to the end of the pallet resting plane so that the phases of disengagement and Exhaust impulse unfold correctly. Due to manufacturing tolerances, an anchor escapement generally requires a final adjustment of the positions of the entry and exit pallets. This adjustment is usually long and delicate because it can strongly influence the performance of the exhaust.

Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un échappement à ancre qui ne nécessite pas d'opération d'ajustage des palettes en fonction des tolérances de fabrication.An object of the present invention is to provide an anchor escapement that does not require adjustment operation of the pallets as a function of manufacturing tolerances.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer une pièce d'horlogerie mécanique équipée d'un tel échappement.Another object of the invention is to propose a mechanical timepiece equipped with such an escapement.

A cet effet, un premier aspect de l'invention est un échappement à ancre comprenant :

  • une roue d'échappement
  • un balancier
  • un axe de balancier autour duquel le balancier peut pivoter,
  • une ancre avec une palette d'entrée, et une palette de sortie,
  • un axe d'ancre autour duquel l'ancre peut pivoter dans un mouvement d'oscillation angulaire,
un axe de référence (V) passant par l'axe de balancier et l'axe d'ancre
caractérisé en ce que la roue d'échappement, la palette d'entrée et la palette de sortie sont arrangées pour qu'un angle de fin de contact d'entrée β1 de l'ancre avec l'axe de référence (V) soit supérieur à un angle de repos de sortie δ2 de l'ancre avec l'axe de référence (V) et/ou pour qu'un angle de fin de contact de sortie β2 de l'ancre avec l'axe de référence (V) soit supérieur à un angle de repos d'entrée δ1 de l'ancre avec l'axe de référence (V).For this purpose, a first aspect of the invention is an anchor escapement comprising:
  • an escape wheel
  • a pendulum
  • a balance shaft around which the balance can pivot,
  • an anchor with an entry pallet, and an exit pallet,
  • an anchor axis around which the anchor can pivot in an angular oscillation movement,
a reference axis (V) passing through the balance axis and the anchor axis
characterized in that the escape wheel, the entry pallet and the exit pallet are arranged so that an entry contact end angle β1 of the anchor with the reference axis (V) is greater than at an exit angle of repose δ2 of the anchor with the reference axis (V) and / or so that an exit contact angle β2 of the anchor with the reference axis (V) is greater than an angle of repose input δ1 of the anchor with the reference axis (V).

La conception de l'échappement selon la présente invention implique que les réglages sont fortement réduits, car c'est en fin de phase d'impulsion que l'ancre se trouve en position angulaire maximale, et elle revient en arrière vers la position milieu avant d'être en position de repos. Ceci implique qu'elle n'est pas en butée sur des goupilles externes comme un échappement classique, mais que la position de repos est une position d'équilibre sur la roue d'échappement. Cette position d'équilibre est assurée par la conception de la forme des palettes et/ou de la roue d'échappement: aucun réglage n'est nécessaire.The design of the exhaust according to the present invention implies that the settings are greatly reduced, because it is at the end of the pulse phase that the anchor is in the maximum angular position, and it returns back to the front middle position to be in a rest position. This implies that it does not abut on external pins like a conventional exhaust, but that the rest position is an equilibrium position on the escape wheel. This equilibrium position is ensured by the design of the shape of the pallets and / or the escape wheel: no adjustment is necessary.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le rapport β1/δ2 entre l'angle de fin de contact d'entrée β1 et l'angle de repos de sortie δ2 est supérieur à 1.045 et/ou en ce que le rapport β2/δ1 entre l'angle de fin de contact de sortie β2 et l'angle de repos d'entrée δ1 est supérieur à 1.045.According to one embodiment, the ratio β1 / δ2 between the input contact end angle β1 and the exit rest angle δ2 is greater than 1.045 and / or the ratio β2 / δ1 between output contact end angle β2 and the input quiescent angle δ1 is greater than 1.045.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'échappement comporte au moins un plan de conduite, se trouvant soit sur l'une des palettes de l'ancre, soit sur la roue d'échappement et orienté de sorte que le contact entre l'ancre et la roue d'échappement via ledit au moins un plan de conduite crée un couple qui tend à réduire l'angle entre l'ancre et l'axe de référence (V) reliant les axes de l'ancre et du balancier. En d'autres termes, la présente mise en oeuvre procure au moins un plan de conduite qui fait que l'ancre arrivera naturellement dans une position d'équilibre, car le plan de conduite est agencé pour créer un couple créant un mouvement vers la position d'équilibre.According to one embodiment, the exhaust comprises at least one driving plane, located either on one of the pallets of the anchor or on the escape wheel and oriented so that the contact between the anchor and the escape wheel via said at least one plane of conduct creates a torque that tends to reduce the angle between the anchor and the reference axis (V) connecting the axes of the anchor and the balance. In other words, the present implementation provides at least one driving plan that causes the anchor to naturally arrive in an equilibrium position, since the driving plane is arranged to create a torque creating a movement towards the position balance.

Selon un mode de réalisation, des angles γ1 et/ou γ2 de conduite des palettes ou de conduite des dents de la roue d'échappement sont compris entre 12 et 38 degrés. Selon cette mise en oeuvre, la force de contact exercée par la roue d'échappement est en dehors du cône de frottement, donc l'ancre glissera pour arriver en position de repos. On peut envisager d'utiliser par exemple un couple de matériaux acier/rubis pour arriver à cet effet technique.According to one embodiment, angles γ1 and / or γ2 for driving the vanes or driving the teeth of the escape wheel are between 12 and 38 degrees. According to this implementation, the contact force exerted by the escape wheel is outside the friction cone, so the anchor will slide to arrive in the rest position. For example, it is possible to use a pair of steel / ruby materials to achieve this technical effect.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'échappement possède des goupilles de limitation G1, G2 pour limiter un mouvement de l'ancre en cas de choc.According to one embodiment, the exhaust has limiting pins G1, G2 to limit movement of the anchor in case of impact.

Un deuxième aspect de l'invention est une pièce d'horlogerie munie d'un échappement selon le premier aspect.A second aspect of the invention is a timepiece provided with an exhaust according to the first aspect.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente une vue générale en plan d'un échappement à ancre suisse classique.
  • La figure 2 représente la fin de contact entre la palette d'entrée et la dent de la roue d'échappement d'un échappement à ancre suisse classique.
  • La figure 3 représente la position de repos de sortie d'un échappement à ancre suisse classique.
  • La figure 4 représente un premier cas d'erreur de positionnement d'un échappement à ancre suisse classique.
  • La figure 5 représente un deuxième cas d'erreur de positionnement d'un échappement à ancre suisse classique.
  • La figure 6 représente la fin de contact entre la palette de sortie et la dent de la roue d'échappement d'un échappement à ancre suisse classique.
  • La figure 7 représente un premier exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 8 illustre le détail des plans de conduite et de repos d'entrée du premier exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 9 illustre le détail des plans de conduite et de repos de sortie du premier exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 10 représente la fin de contact entre la palette d'entrée et la dent de la roue d'échappement du premier exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 11 représente la position de repos de sortie du premier exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 12 représente la fin de contact entre la palette de sortie et la dent de la roue d'échappement du premier exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 13 représente un deuxième exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 14 représente le détail des plans de conduite et de repos dans la position de repos d'entrée de l'exemple de la figure 13.
  • La figure 15 représente le détail des plans de conduite et de repos dans la position de repos de sortie de l'exemple de la figure 13.
  • La figure 16 représente une variante du deuxième exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 1 représente une vue générale en plan d'un échappement à ancre suisse classique. Cet échappement possède :
    • une roue d'échappement 1 tournant autour de l'axe de rotation 11 dans le sens horaire.
    • une ancre 2 tournant autour de l'axe 21 et comprenant une palette d'entrée 22, une palette de sortie 23 et une fourchette 24
    • un plateau de balancier 3 tournant autour de l'axe 31 et portant une cheville 32
    • les goupilles de limitation 41 et 42.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • The figure 1 represents a general plan view of a classic Swiss anchor escapement.
  • The figure 2 represents the end of contact between the entry pallet and the tooth of the escape wheel of a classic Swiss anchor escapement.
  • The figure 3 represents the exit rest position of a classic Swiss anchor escapement.
  • The figure 4 represents a first case of positioning error of a classic Swiss anchor escapement.
  • The figure 5 represents a second case of positioning error of a classic Swiss anchor escapement.
  • The figure 6 represents the end of contact between the output pallet and the tooth of the escape wheel of a classic Swiss anchor escapement.
  • The figure 7 represents a first example of execution of the escapement according to the invention.
  • The figure 8 illustrates the detail of the driving and rest plans input of the first embodiment of the exhaust according to the invention.
  • The figure 9 illustrates the detail of the output driving and resting plans of the first embodiment of the exhaust according to the invention.
  • The figure 10 represents the end of contact between the input pallet and the tooth of the escape wheel of the first embodiment of the exhaust according to the invention.
  • The figure 11 represents the exit rest position of the first embodiment of the exhaust according to the invention.
  • The figure 12 represents the end of contact between the output pallet and the tooth of the escape wheel of the first embodiment of the exhaust according to the invention.
  • The figure 13 represents a second example of execution of the escapement according to the invention.
  • The figure 14 represents the detail of the driving and resting plans in the position of rest of entry of the example of the figure 13 .
  • The figure 15 represents the detail of the driving and resting plans in the exit rest position of the example of the figure 13 .
  • The figure 16 represents a variant of the second embodiment of the exhaust according to the invention.
  • The figure 1 represents a general plan view of a classic Swiss anchor escapement. This exhaust has:
    • an escape wheel 1 rotating about the axis of rotation 11 in the clockwise direction.
    • an anchor 2 rotating about the axis 21 and comprising an entry pallet 22, an exit pallet 23 and a fork 24
    • a balance plate 3 rotating about the axis 31 and carrying an ankle 32
    • the limiting pins 41 and 42.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, l'ancre 2 comprend une fourchette 24 qui s'engage de manière temporaire lors des oscillations avec la goupille 32, ce qui provoque un mouvement d'oscillation angulaire de l'ancre 2 autour de son axe d'ancre 21. On peut définir alors une droite F qui passe par l'axe d'ancre 21 et par l'axe de symétrie de la fourchette 24. C'est cette droite F qui est utilisée pour mesurer l'angle de l'ancre 2 avec l'axe de référence V. On comprend que si la fourchette est agencée sur le balancier et la goupille sur l'ancre, alors la droite F passera par la goupille (de l'ancre), et par l'axe d'ancre 21.In the embodiment shown, the anchor 2 comprises a fork 24 which engages temporarily during oscillations with the pin 32, which causes an angular oscillation movement of the anchor 2 around its axis. anchor 21. We can then define a line F which passes through the anchor axis 21 and the axis of symmetry of the fork 24. It is this line F which is used to measure the angle of the anchor 2 with the reference axis V. It is understood that if the fork is arranged on the balance and the pin on the anchor, then the line F will pass through the pin (anchor), and by the axis of anchor 21.

Les positions des différents éléments de l'échappement de la figure 1 correspondent à la position de repos d'entrée de l'ancre. Dans cette position, la dent 12 de la roue d'échappement est en appui sur le plan de repos 221 de la palette d'entrée 22 et la fourchette 24 est en appui sur la goupille 41. Lorsque la cheville de plateau 32 tournant dans le sens antihoraire vient en contact avec la fourchette 24 pour dégager l'ancre de sa position de repos d'entrée, la dent 12 de la roue d'échappement glisse sur le plan d'impulsion 222 de la palette d'entrée.The positions of the different elements of the exhaust of the figure 1 correspond to the anchor entry rest position. In this position, the tooth 12 of the escape wheel is resting on the rest plane 221 of the entry pallet 22 and the fork 24 is resting on the pin 41. When the plate pin 32 rotating in the counterclockwise comes into contact with the fork 24 to release the anchor from its input rest position, the tooth 12 of the escape wheel slides on the pulse plane 222 of the input pallet.

La figure 2 représente la fin de contact entre la palette d'entrée et la dent 12 de la roue d'échappement. Dans cette position la droite F de la fourchette 24 fait un angle α1 par rapport à l'axe de référence V passant par les axes 21 et 31. Lorsque la dent 12 quitte le plan d'impulsion 222 de la palette d'entrée, la dent 13 de la roue d'échappement va rencontrer la palette de sortie 23. Dans ce cas, plusieurs possibilités se présentent :

  • si tous éléments de l'échappement : la roue d'échappement 1, les palettes d'entrée et de sortie 22 et 23, l'ancre, les goupilles 41 et 42, la distance entre les axes de rotation, ont les dimensions idéales correspondantes aux valeurs nominales, la dent 13 vient en contact avec le plan de repos 231 et pousse la fourchette de l'ancre vers la goupille 42 pour se stabiliser à la position de repos de sortie représentée par la figure 3. Généralement la position idéale de l'extrémité de la dent par rapport à l'extrémité du plan de repos des palettes est de l'ordre de 0.05 mm.
    Dans la position de repos de sortie, la droite F de la fourchette 24 fait un angle δ2 par rapport à l'axe de référence V passant par les axes 21 et 31. On constate que dans un échappement à ancre classique, l'angle de fin de contact d'entrée α1 est plus petit que l'angle de repos de sortie δ2.
  • si un ou plusieurs éléments de l'échappement ne possèdent pas la valeur idéale, la dent 13 peut se reposer soit sur le plan d'impulsion 232 au lieu du plan de repos 231 (figure 4), soit sur le plan de repos 231 à une grande distance par rapport à l'extrémité de ce plan (figure 5). Dans ces 2 cas le rendement de l'échappement diminue de façon significative.
The figure 2 represents the end of contact between the entry pallet and the tooth 12 of the escape wheel. In this position the line F of the fork 24 makes an angle α1 with respect to the reference axis V passing through the axes 21 and 31. When the tooth 12 leaves the pulse plane 222 of the input pallet, the tooth 13 of the escape wheel will meet the output pallet 23. In this case, several possibilities arise:
  • if all elements of the exhaust: the escape wheel 1, the entry and exit pallets 22 and 23, the anchor, the pins 41 and 42, the distance between the axes of rotation, have the ideal dimensions corresponding at the nominal values, the tooth 13 comes into contact with the rest plane 231 and pushes the fork of the anchor towards the pin 42 to stabilize at the rest position of exit represented by the figure 3 . Generally the ideal position of the end of the tooth relative to the end of the plane of rest of the pallets is of the order of 0.05 mm.
    In the exit rest position, the line F of the fork 24 makes an angle δ2 with respect to the reference axis V passing through the axes 21 and 31. It can be seen that in a conventional anchor escapement, the angle of end of input contact α1 is smaller than the exit angle of exit δ2.
  • if one or more elements of the exhaust do not have the ideal value, the tooth 13 can rest either on the pulse plane 232 instead of the rest plane 231 ( figure 4 ), or on the rest plane 231 at a great distance from the end of this plane ( figure 5 ). In these two cases, the efficiency of the exhaust decreases significantly.

Par analogie, la figure 6 représente la fin de contact entre la palette de sortie 23 et la dent 13 de la roue d'échappement. Dans cette position, α2 représente l'angle entre l'axe de référence V et la droite F de la fourchette. L'angle de fin de contact de sortie α2 est également inférieur à l'angle de repos d'entrée δ1 correspondant à la position de repos d'entrée de l'ancre.By analogy, figure 6 represents the end of contact between the output pallet 23 and the tooth 13 of the escape wheel. In this position, α2 represents the angle between the reference axis V and the line F of the range. The exit contact angle α2 is also less than the entry angle of repose δ1 corresponding to the anchor entry rest position.

On comprend aisément que lorsque les angles de fin de contact α1 et α2 sont inférieurs aux angles de repos δ2, δ1, et compte tenu des tolérances de fabrication, le réglage final de la longueur des palettes est inévitable pour obtenir un bon fonctionnement de l'échappement.It is easily understood that when the contact end angles α1 and α2 are smaller than the resting angles δ2, δ1, and taking into account the manufacturing tolerances, the final adjustment of the length of the pallets is inevitable in order to obtain a smooth operation of the exhaust.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, l'invention propose un type d'échappement tel que décrit ci dessous.To remedy this drawback, the invention proposes a type of exhaust as described below.

La figure 7 représente un premier exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon l'invention. Cet échappement possède :

  • une roue d'échappement 5 tournant autour de l'axe de rotation 51 dans le sens horaire.
  • une ancre 6 tournant autour de l'axe 61 et comprenant une palette d'entrée 62 et une palette de sortie 63 et une fourchette 64
  • un plateau de balancier 7 tournant autour de l'axe 71 et portant une cheville 72.
The figure 7 represents a first example of execution of the escapement according to the invention. This exhaust has:
  • an escape wheel 5 rotating about the axis of rotation 51 in the clockwise direction.
  • an anchor 6 rotating about the axis 61 and comprising an entry pallet 62 and an exit pallet 63 and a fork 64
  • a balance plate 7 rotating about the axis 71 and carrying an ankle 72.

La palette d'entrée comprend un plan de repos 621, un plan d'impulsion 622, un plan de conduite 623 tandis que la palette de sortie possède un plan de repos 631, un plan d'impulsion 632, un plan de conduite 633The entry pallet comprises a rest plane 621, a pulse plane 622, a driving plane 623 while the output pallet has a rest plane 631, a pulse plane 632, a driving plane 633

La droite qui relie les axes 61 et 71 sert d'axe de référence V pour la mesure de l'angle de la droite F de l'ancre 6.The line connecting the axes 61 and 71 serves as a reference axis V for measuring the angle of the line F of the anchor 6.

Dans la figure 7, l'échappement se trouve à la position de repos d'entrée de l'ancre, l'axe de la fourchette F fait un angle δ1 par rapport à V. Dans cette position, la dent 52 de la roue d'échappement est en appui sur l'intersection des plans de repos et de conduite 621 et 623 de la palette d'entrée 62.In the figure 7 , the exhaust is at the anchor entry rest position, the axis of the fork F is at an angle δ1 with respect to V. In this position, the tooth 52 of the escape wheel is in resting on the intersection of the rest and driving planes 621 and 623 of the entry pallet 62.

Cette position est une position de repos ou d'équilibre stable car les surfaces de repos 621 et de conduite 623 sont orientées par rapport à l'axe de rotation 61 de façon que la dent 52 pousse l'ancre dans le sens antihoraire si elle est en appui sur la surface 621 et dans le sens horaire si elle est en appui sur la surface 623.This position is a position of rest or equilibrium stable because the resting surfaces 621 and conduit 623 are oriented relative to the axis of rotation 61 so that the tooth 52 pushes the anchor counterclockwise if it is resting on the surface 621 and clockwise if it bears on the surface 623.

Par analogie, l'intersection entre les plans de repos 631 et de conduite 633 est aussi une position de repos ou d'équilibre stable pour la dent 53 car les surfaces de repos 631 et de conduite 633 sont orientées par rapport à l'axe de rotation 61 de façon que la dent 53 pousse l'ancre dans le sens horaire si elle se trouve sur la surface 631 et dans le sens antihoraire si elle se trouve sur la surface 633.By analogy, the intersection between the resting plane 631 and the driving plane 633 is also a stable rest or equilibrium position for the tooth 53 because the resting surfaces 631 and the driving surfaces 633 are oriented with respect to the rotation 61 so that the tooth 53 pushes the anchor clockwise if it is on the surface 631 and counterclockwise if it is on the surface 633.

De façon générale, les surfaces de conduite et de repos sont arrangées pour que, lorsque la dent de la roue d'échappement est en appui sur une surface de conduite, elle déplace l'ancre pour réduire l'angle entre l'axe F de la fourchette et l'axe de référence V, tandis que si elle est en appui sur une surface de repos, elle déplace l'ancre pour augmenter cet angle.In general, the driving and resting surfaces are arranged so that when the tooth of the escape wheel is resting on a driving surface, it moves the anchor to reduce the angle between the axis F of the fork and the reference axis V, while if it is resting on a resting surface, it moves the anchor to increase this angle.

La figure 8 illustre le détail des plans de conduite 623 et de repos 621.The figure 8 illustrates the details of the 623 and rest plans 621.

Dans cette figure n621 est la normale au plan 621 et n623 est la normale au plan 623 tandis que d1 représente la droite reliant l'intersection des plans 621, 623 et l'axe 61.In this figure n621 is the normal to the plane 621 and n623 is the normal to the plane 623 while d1 represents the line connecting the intersection of the planes 621, 623 and the axis 61.

L'angle ξ1 entre n621 et d1 représente l'angle de tirage de la palette d'entrée et l'angle γ1 entre n623 et d1 représente l'angle de conduite de la palette d'entrée.The angle ξ1 between n621 and d1 represents the draw angle of the input pallet and the angle γ1 between n623 and d1 represents the driving angle of the entry pallet.

Par analogie, la figure 9 illustre le détail des plans de conduite 633 et de repos 631.By analogy, figure 9 illustrates the details of the 633 and rest 631 plans.

L'angle ξ2 entre n631 et d2 représente l'angle de tirage de la palette de sortie et l'angle γ2 entre n633 et d2 représente l'angle de conduite de la palette de sortie.The angle ξ2 between n631 and d2 represents the draw angle of the output pallet and the angle γ2 between n633 and d2 represents the driving angle of the output pallet.

Pour obtenir une bonne stabilisation de la dent au point de repos, selon la fréquence du balancier spiral et le nombre de dents de la roue d'échappement, la valeur de ξ1,ξ2 doit être comprise entre 5 et 20 degrés et la valeur de γ1,γ2 entre 12 et 38 degrés.To obtain a good stabilization of the tooth at the point of rest, according to the frequency of the spiral balance and the number of teeth of the escape wheel, the value of ξ1, ξ2 must be between 5 and 20 degrees and the value of γ1 , γ2 between 12 and 38 degrees.

Lorsque la cheville de plateau 72 de la figure 7 entre en contact avec la fourchette 64, elle dégage l'ancre de sa position de repos d'entrée. La dent 52 de la roue d'échappement glisse sur le plan d'impulsion 622 de la palette d'entrée.When the plateau pin 72 of the figure 7 comes into contact with the fork 64, it releases the anchor from its input rest position. The tooth 52 of the escape wheel slides on the pulse plane 622 of the entry pallet.

La figure 10 représente la fin de contact entre la palette d'entrée et la dent 52 de la roue d'échappement, dans cette position l'angle entre F et V est égal à β1. Cet angle est choisi de sorte que, compte tenu des tolérances de fabrication, la dent 53 rencontre toujours le plan de conduite 633. Dans ces conditions, la dent 53, s'appuyant sur la surface 633, pousse l'ancre dans le sens antihoraire pour l'amener à la position stable de sortie représentée par la figure 11.The figure 10 represents the end of contact between the input pallet and the tooth 52 of the escape wheel, in this position the angle between F and V is equal to β1. This angle is chosen so that, given manufacturing tolerances, the tooth 53 still meets the driving plan 633. Under these conditions, the tooth 53, based on the surface 633, pushes the anchor counterclockwise to bring it to the stable output position represented by the figure 11 .

On remarque que dans le cas de l'échappement selon l'invention, l'angle β1 est plus grand que l'angle δ2 contrairement au cas d'un échappement classique.Note that in the case of the exhaust according to the invention, the angle β1 is larger than the angle δ2, unlike the case of a conventional exhaust.

Par analogie, la figure 12 représente la fin de contact entre la palette de sortie et la dent 53 de la roue d'échappement. Dans cette position, β2 représente l'angle entre la droite V et l'axe F de la fourchette. Cet angle β2 est également supérieur à l'angle δ1 de la position de repos d'entrée.By analogy, figure 12 represents the end of contact between the output pallet and the tooth 53 of the escape wheel. In this position, β2 represents the angle between the line V and the axis F of the range. This angle β2 is also greater than the angle δ1 of the input rest position.

Des essais pratiques ont montré que pour que les dents de la roue d'échappement rencontrent toujours les plans de conduite 623 et 633 après le contact avec les plans d'impulsion 632 et 622, dans toute la plage des tolérances de fabrication usuelles, il faut que le rapport β1/δ2 entre l'angle de fin de contact d'entrée β1 et l'angle δ2 soit supérieur à 1.045. De même, le rapport β2/δ1 entre l'angle de fin de contact de sortie β2 et δ1 doit être supérieur à 1.045.Practical tests have shown that for the teeth of the escape wheel to always meet the driving plans 623 and 633 after contact with the pulse planes 632 and 622, in the whole range of usual manufacturing tolerances, it is necessary to that the ratio β1 / δ2 between the input contact end angle β1 and the angle δ2 is greater than 1.045. Likewise, the ratio β2 / δ1 between the exit contact end angle β2 and δ1 must be greater than 1.045.

Ce rapport peut varier en fonction de plusieurs paramètres tels que les angles δ1, δ2, le nombre de dents de la roue d'échappement, la largeur de la tête des dents de la roue d'échappement, largeur des palettes etc.This ratio can vary according to several parameters such as the angles δ1, δ2, the number of teeth of the escape wheel, the width of the head of the teeth of the escape wheel, width of the pallets etc.

La figure 13 représente un deuxième exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon invention. Cet échappement possède :

  • une roue d'échappement 8 tournant autour de l'axe de rotation 81 dans le sens horaire.
  • une ancre 9 tournant autour de l'axe 91 et comprenant une palette d'entrée 92 et une palette de sortie 93 et une fourchette 94
  • un plateau de balancier 7 tournant autour de l'axe 71 et portant une cheville 72.
The figure 13 represents a second example of execution of the escapement according to the invention. This exhaust has:
  • an escape wheel 8 rotating about the axis of rotation 81 in the clockwise direction.
  • an anchor 9 rotating about the axis 91 and comprising an entry pallet 92 and an exit pallet 93 and a fork 94
  • a balance plate 7 rotating about the axis 71 and carrying an ankle 72.

Le principe de fonctionnement de cet échappement est pratiquement identique à celui de la figure 7 à l'exception des plans de conduite. Dans l'exemple d'exécution de la figure 7, les plans dé conduite 623 et 633 sont placés sur les palettes de l'ancre tandis que dans le présent cas ces plans de conduite sont placés au niveau des dents de la roue d'échappement.The operating principle of this exhaust is practically identical to that of the figure 7 except for driving plans. In the execution example of the figure 7 , the driving planes 623 and 633 are placed on the pallets of the anchor while in this case these driving plans are placed at the teeth of the escape wheel.

Dans la figure 13, les plans de conduite 821, 831 des dents 82 et 83 sont représentés.In the figure 13 the driving plans 821, 831 of the teeth 82 and 83 are shown.

La figure 14 représente le détail des plans de conduite 821 et de repos 921.
L'angle ξ1 entre n921 et d1 représente l'angle de tirage de la palette d'entrée et l'angle γ1 entre n821 et d1 représente l'angle de conduite d'entrée de la dent de la roue d'échappement.
On constate que les 2 plans ont les mêmes fonctions que celles dans le cas du premier exemple d'exécution.The figure 14 represents the details of the 821 and rest 921 driving plans.
The angle ξ1 between n921 and d1 represents the draw angle of the entry pallet and the angle γ1 between n821 and d1 represents the inlet duct angle of the tooth of the escape wheel.
It can be seen that the two planes have the same functions as those in the case of the first execution example.

Par analogie, la figure 15 illustre le détail des plans de conduite 831 et de repos 931.By analogy, figure 15 illustrates the details of the 831 and the 931 Resting Plans.

L'angle ξ2 entre n931 et d2 représente l'angle de tirage de la palette de sortie et l'angle γ2 entre n831 et d2 représente l'angle de conduite de sortie de la dent de la roue d'échappement.The angle ξ2 between n931 and d2 represents the pulling angle of the output pallet and the angle γ2 between n831 and d2 represents the output pipe angle of the tooth of the escape wheel.

La figure 16 représente une variante du deuxième exemple d'exécution de l'échappement selon invention. Dans cet exemple d'exécution l'échappement possède, en plus des éléments de l'exemple 13, deux goupilles de limitation G1, G2. Ces goupilles ne participent pas au fonctionnement normal de l'échappement mais ils ont pour but de limiter l'amplitude de l'ancre dans le cas des très grands chocs. Il est bien évident que ces goupilles doivent être placées en dehors des trajectoires de l'ancre dans le cas du fonctionnement normal, car à la différence d'un échappement classique, elles ne servent pas de butées mécanique pendant le fonctionnement normal.The figure 16 represents a variant of the second embodiment of the exhaust according to the invention. In this embodiment, the exhaust has, in addition to the elements of Example 13, two limiting pins G1, G2. These pins do not participate in the normal operation of the exhaust but they aim to limit the amplitude of the anchor in the case of very large shocks. It is obvious that these pins must be placed outside the trajectories of the anchor in the case of normal operation, because unlike a conventional exhaust, they do not serve as mechanical stops during normal operation.

Claims (6)

  1. A lever escapement comprising:
    - an escapement wheel (5; 8),
    - a balance wheel (7),
    - a balance wheel axis (71) around which the balance wheel (7) can pivot,
    - a lever (6; 9) with an input pallet stone (62; 92), and an output pallet stone (63; 93),
    - a lever axis (61; 91) around which the lever (6; 9) can pivot in an angular oscillation movement,
    - a straight line (V) passing through the balance wheel axis (71) and the lever axis (61; 91),
    characterized in that the escapement wheel (5; 8), the input pallet stone (62; 92) and the output pallet stone (63; 93) are arranged so that an input end of contact angle β1 of the lever (6; 9) with the straight line (V) is higher than an output locking-angle δ2 of the lever (6; 9) with the straight line (V);
    and/or so that an output end of contact angle β2 of the lever (6; 9) with the straight line (V) is higher than an input locking-angle δ1 of the lever (6; 9) with the straight line (V).
  2. The escapement according to claim 1 characterized in that the ratio β1/δ2 between the input end of contact angle β1 and the output locking-angle δ2 is higher than 1.045 and/or in that the ratio β2/δ1 between the output end of contact angle β2 and the input locking angle δ1 is higher than 1.045.
  3. The escapement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it includes at least one driving plane (623, 633; 821, 831), being either on one of the pallet stones (62, 63,; 92, 93) of the lever (6; 9), or on the escapement wheel (5; 8) and oriented so that the contact between the lever (6; 9) and the escapement wheel (5;8) via said at least one driving plane creates a torque which tends to reduce the angle between the lever (6; 9) and the reference axis (V) connecting the axis of the lever (61; 91) and the axis of the balance wheel (71).
  4. The escapement according to claim 3, characterized in that driving angles γ1 and/or γ2 of the pallet stones (62, 63; 92, 93) or of the teeth of the escapement wheel (5; 8) range between 12 and 38 degrees.
  5. The escapement according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has limiting pins (G1, G2) to limit a movement of the lever (6; 9) in the event of shock.
  6. A timepiece fitted with an escapement according to any of claims 1 to 5.
EP13792342.1A 2012-11-26 2013-11-14 Lever escapement for a timepiece Active EP2923242B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH02536/12A CH706532B1 (en) 2012-11-26 2012-11-26 Anchor escapement for a timepiece.
PCT/EP2013/073807 WO2014079765A1 (en) 2012-11-26 2013-11-14 Lever escapement for a timepiece

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EP2923242A1 EP2923242A1 (en) 2015-09-30
EP2923242B1 true EP2923242B1 (en) 2016-06-15

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US (1) US9323220B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2923242B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6214669B2 (en)
CN (1) CN104813241B (en)
CH (1) CH706532B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014079765A1 (en)

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CN107132749B (en) * 2017-05-27 2019-10-01 江苏金钿实业有限公司 A kind of mechanical watch escapement structure
CN107145054B (en) * 2017-05-27 2019-11-08 江苏金钿实业有限公司 A kind of more escapement control methods controlling each pointer accurate movement of mechanical watch
WO2019219679A1 (en) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-21 Dominique Renaud Sa Escapement mechanism for timepiece
JP7103041B2 (en) * 2018-08-03 2022-07-20 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Ankles, movements, watches
CH716337A1 (en) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-30 Mft Dhorlogerie Audemars Piguet Sa Set for anchor escapement of watch movement.
EP3901707B1 (en) * 2020-04-23 2024-02-28 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Escapement mechanism for a timepiece
WO2023214300A1 (en) 2022-05-03 2023-11-09 Chronode Sa Regulating member for a timepiece movement
EP4273634A1 (en) 2022-05-03 2023-11-08 Chronode SA Regulating device for a timepiece movement

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CH101651A (en) * 1922-09-25 1923-10-01 Assortiments Georges Perrenoud Anchor escapement.
GB682566A (en) * 1951-01-25 1952-11-12 Ole Kaada Improvements in or relating to lever escapements
US3146581A (en) * 1961-12-26 1964-09-01 United States Time Corp "d" jewel watch escapement
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US3685279A (en) * 1971-07-15 1972-08-22 Ivnghans Gmbh Fa Geb Continuous switching device for the gear mechanism of an electric wrist watch
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JP5462006B2 (en) * 2009-02-17 2014-04-02 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Escape governor, mechanical timepiece, and method of manufacturing ankle body
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EP2336832B1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2020-12-02 Rolex Sa Swiss lever escapement
CH702930A2 (en) * 2010-04-01 2011-10-14 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Exhaust watch to protection against shocks.
JP5485859B2 (en) * 2010-11-17 2014-05-07 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Uncle escapement and mechanical watch with the same

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JP2015535602A (en) 2015-12-14
EP2923242A1 (en) 2015-09-30
JP6214669B2 (en) 2017-10-18
CN104813241A (en) 2015-07-29
US20150301501A1 (en) 2015-10-22
US9323220B2 (en) 2016-04-26
CH706532B1 (en) 2013-11-29
WO2014079765A1 (en) 2014-05-30
CN104813241B (en) 2017-07-07

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