EP2859411B1 - Escapement device for timepiece - Google Patents

Escapement device for timepiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2859411B1
EP2859411B1 EP12726440.6A EP12726440A EP2859411B1 EP 2859411 B1 EP2859411 B1 EP 2859411B1 EP 12726440 A EP12726440 A EP 12726440A EP 2859411 B1 EP2859411 B1 EP 2859411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mobile element
blocking
escapement
mobile
escapement wheel
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EP12726440.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2859411A1 (en
Inventor
Xuan Mai Tu
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Detra SA
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Detra SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/02—Escapements permanently in contact with the regulating mechanism
    • G04B15/04—Cylinder escapements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust device for a timepiece, in particular for a spiral balance type wristwatch.
  • the exhaust device in a mechanical watch is the master piece intended on the one hand to deliver the energy necessary for the maintenance of the oscillation movement of the mechanical oscillator, and on the other hand to transmit the frequency of oscillation of the oscillator to the gear train causing the time display.
  • the EP0018796 A2 proposes a type of tangential drive exhaust.
  • the disadvantage of this type of exhaust is the need for use of two superimposed wheels, which increases the inertia of the exhaust and consequently a decrease in efficiency, and the number of final touches of high accuracy is also important than that of a Swiss lever escapement.
  • detent escapement Another type of tangential drive exhaust well known in the technical literature is the detent escapement. This type of escapement has only one active alternation, that is to say the escape wheel advances and gives the mechanical pulse only once per period of oscillation of the balance spring.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the known exhaust faults mentioned above by proposing a tangential drive exhaust device with two active alternations per oscillation period of the balance spring, with a single escape wheel and which however, consumes less energy during operation than the Swiss lever escapement.
  • the figure 1 also represents the platform of the balance 4 pivoting about the axis 41 and having a toothed structure 42
  • the figure 2 represents the first rest position of the exhaust of the figure 1 .
  • the balance turns clockwise.
  • the toothed structure 42 of the rocker moves away from the toothed structure 35 of the mobile 3.
  • the tooth of the escape wheel 1, under the effect of the torque of the barrel, exerts a force F on the blocking surface 33 of the mobile 3
  • This locking surface 33 is arranged so that the direction of the force F passes substantially in the vicinity of the center of the mobile 3. Under these conditions the escape wheel is locked and therefore immobilizes the mobile 3 as well as the mobile 2 by the intermediate of the toothed structures 24 and 34.
  • the figure 3 represents the position of the exhaust of the figure 6 just after the release of the first resting position
  • the balance turns counterclockwise.
  • the toothed structure 42 of the rocker comes into contact with the toothed structure 35 and rotates the wheel 3 in the clockwise direction. This action releases the tooth of the escape wheel from the locking surface 33.
  • the mechanical energy required for the clearance is extremely low since it serves only to overcome the friction of the escape wheel on the blocking surface 33 and to move the mobiles 2 and 3 on a few degrees. In this application example the angular displacement of the mobiles 2 and 3 during the release is about 4 degrees.
  • the figure 4 represents the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance wheel when the last turns counterclockwise
  • the tooth of the escape wheel 1 bears on the impulse surface 32 and drives the mobile 3 in the clockwise direction.
  • the mechanical energy of the escape wheel is transmitted to the balance thanks to the toothed structures 42 and 35.
  • the mobile 2 is also driven by the mobile 3 by the toothed structures 34 and 24. Note that unlike a Swiss lever escapement , driving the mobile 3 by the escape wheel is substantially tangential to the trajectory of the impulse surface 32.
  • the tangential drive of the mobile 3 by the escape wheel is obtained thanks to the particular arrangement of the surfaces 33 and 32 of the mobile 3.
  • the figure 5 represents the mobiles 2 and 3 and the escape wheel 1 in the first rest position.
  • the vector n33 represents the normal to the blocking surface 33 at the locking point of the tooth of the escape wheel
  • the vector n32 represents the normal passing through the center of impulse surface 32 of the mobile 3
  • ⁇ 3 represents the external angle between n33 and n32.
  • One of the particular characteristics of the escapement according to the invention is an external angle ⁇ 3 having the same sign as that of the rotation angle of the escape wheel.
  • the external angle ⁇ 3 and the rotation angle of the escape wheel are positive with respect to the trigonometric direction.
  • figure 6 represents the external angle ⁇ e between the normal n61 at the blocking surface 61 and the normal n62 at the impulse surface 62 of the input pallet, as well as the external angle ⁇ s between the normal n63 at the blocking surface 63 and the normal n64 at the impulse surface 64 of the output pallet, of a Swiss lever escapement.
  • the figure 7 represents the end of the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance when the last rotates counter-clockwise.
  • the tooth of the escape wheel leaves the impulse surface 32 of the mobile 3 and the locking surface 23 of the mobile 2 is in front of the tooth of the impeller wheel.
  • Exhaust 1 During this time, the beam describes its additional oscillation arc by moving its toothed structure 42 away from the toothed structure 35 of the mobile 3.
  • the figure 8 represents the second rest position of the exhaust of the figure 1 .
  • the balance turns counterclockwise.
  • the toothed structure 42 of the rocker moves away from the toothed structure 35 of the mobile 3.
  • the tooth of the escape wheel 1, under the effect of the torque of the barrel, exerts a force F on the blocking surface 23 of the mobile 2
  • This locking surface 23 is arranged so that the direction of the force F passes substantially in the vicinity of the center of the mobile 2, therefore, the escape wheel is locked and immobilizes the mobile 2 and the mobile 3 via toothed structures 24 and 34.
  • the escapement device has two active alternations per oscillation period of the balance spring and that the escape wheel advances at each alternation by an angle equal to 180 ° / N, where N is the number teeth of the escape wheel; moreover, the same tooth of the escape wheel is locked successively on the locking surface 33 and 23. It can be deduced from this that the angle between the locking points on the surfaces 33 and 23 with respect to the center of rotation of the wheel exhaust is also equal to 180 ° / N.
  • the figure 12 represents in plan and in perspective the mobile 2 of the exhaust of the figure 1 .
  • the locking surface 23 is constituted by a plane whose normal to the locking point passes substantially in the vicinity of the center of rotation of the mobile 2. It is also possible to obtain the same effect by replacing this plane by a cylindrical surface whose axis of the cylinder passes through the center of rotation of the mobile 2.
  • the surfaces mentioned above allow the locking of the escape wheel, they do not guarantee precisely the blocking position due to bounce due to the shock between the tooth of the wheel exhaust with the blocking surface, at the end of the energy transmission phase and just before the rest phase.
  • an embodiment of the blocking surface 23, shown in FIG. figure 13 is to replace this plane by a concave surface.
  • the figure 15 represents the case where the pitch diameters (Dp) of the gears 24 and 34 are equal, in order to minimize the differences in inertia between the two mobiles 2 and 3.
  • the Figures 16 and 17 represent a variant of the blocking surface respectively of the second and the first mobile, where these surfaces are concave and formed by two secant planes and inclined by an angle v, to provide blocking security in the case of a shock or a rebound of the escape wheel 1 on one of the first or second mobiles 2 or 3.
  • the relative angular position of the escape wheel 1 relative to the first and second mobile 2 and 3 is guaranteed and there is no possibility of inadvertent rotation.
  • the figure 18 represents a variant of the blocking surface 33 of the second mobile.
  • the plane n represents the plane normal to the vertical surface passing through the locking point between the second mobile 3 and the escape wheel 1 and the center of rotation of the second mobile 3.
  • the first plane of the locking surface 33 makes a angle ⁇ with respect to plane n.
  • a non-zero angle ⁇ provides better resistance to the impact of the escape wheel, against it causes a recoil of the escape wheel during release and therefore a loss of energy at the release.
  • the second locking plane is at an angle ⁇ relative to plane n.
  • a large value of ⁇ makes it possible to improve the blocking precision, on the other hand it causes a large rebound of the escape wheel 1 before the blockage.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'échappement pour une pièce d'horlogerie, notamment pour une montre bracelet de type balancier spiral.The present invention relates to an exhaust device for a timepiece, in particular for a spiral balance type wristwatch.

Le dispositif d'échappement dans une montre mécanique est la pièce maîtresse destinée d'une part à délivrer l'énergie nécessaire pour l'entretien du mouvement d'oscillation de l'oscillateur mécanique, et d'autre part à transmettre la fréquence d'oscillation de l'oscillateur au rouage entraînant l'affichage horaire.The exhaust device in a mechanical watch is the master piece intended on the one hand to deliver the energy necessary for the maintenance of the oscillation movement of the mechanical oscillator, and on the other hand to transmit the frequency of oscillation of the oscillator to the gear train causing the time display.

Le dispositif d'échappement le plus utilisé actuellement est l'échappement à ancre suisse. Ce type d'échappement a fait l'objet de nombreuses études et de publications. Le manuel intitulé « Théorie d'horlogerie » édité par la Fédération des Ecoles techniques de Suisse ainsi que le manuel « Echappement et moteurs pas à pas » du même éditeur décrivent en détail le fonctionnement de ce type d'échappement. Les inconvénients majeurs de ce type d'échappement sont :

  • un faible rendement : le meilleur rendement est de l'ordre de 30% à 40% ;
  • des difficultés de fabrication : pour obtenir les rendements précités, l'échappement à ancre suisse nécessite plusieurs retouches finales de grande précision ;
  • une fréquence de travail limitée : l'entraînement de l'ancre par la roue d'échappement n'est pas tangentiel, pendant l'impulsion mécanique, la dent à la roue d'échappement glisse sur la palette de l'ancre, ce qui conduit à un problème d'usure pour des fréquences de travail élevées.
The most widely used exhaust system is the Swiss lever escapement. This type of exhaust has been the subject of numerous studies and publications. The manual entitled "Theorie d'horlogerie" published by the Federation of Technical Schools of Switzerland and the manual "Exhaust and stepper motors" by the same editor describe in detail the operation of this type of exhaust. The major disadvantages of this type of exhaust are:
  • a low yield: the best return is of the order of 30% to 40%;
  • manufacturing difficulties: to obtain the aforementioned yields, the Swiss lever escapement requires several final touches of great precision;
  • a limited working frequency: the anchor drive by the escape wheel is not tangential, during the mechanical impulse, the tooth on the escape wheel slides on the pallet of the anchor, which leads to a wear problem for high working frequencies.

Pour résoudre le problème d'usure, le brevet EP0018796 A2 propose un type d'échappement à entraînement tangentiel. L'inconvénient de ce type d'échappement est la nécessité d'utilisation de deux roues superposées, ce qui augmente l'inertie de l'échappement et par conséquent une diminution du rendement, de plus le nombre de retouches finales de grande précision est aussi important que celui d'un échappement à ancre suisse.To solve the problem of wear, the EP0018796 A2 proposes a type of tangential drive exhaust. The disadvantage of this type of exhaust is the need for use of two superimposed wheels, which increases the inertia of the exhaust and consequently a decrease in efficiency, and the number of final touches of high accuracy is also important than that of a Swiss lever escapement.

Un autre type d'échappement à entraînement tangentiel bien connu de la littérature technique est l'échappement à détente. Ce type d'échappement possède une seule alternance active, c'est-à-dire la roue d'échappement avance et donne l'impulsion mécanique une seule fois par période d'oscillation du balancier spiral.Another type of tangential drive exhaust well known in the technical literature is the detent escapement. This type of escapement has only one active alternation, that is to say the escape wheel advances and gives the mechanical pulse only once per period of oscillation of the balance spring.

Enfin, le document EP1 276 021 A1 décrit un échappement pour garde temps.Finally, the document EP1 276 021 A1 describes an escapement for time keeping.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux défauts des échappements connus mentionnés ci-dessus en proposant un dispositif d'échappement à entraînement tangentiel à deux alternances actives par période d'oscillation du balancier spiral, avec une seule roue d'échappement et qui consomme toutefois moins d'énergie lors de son fonctionnement que l'échappement à ancre suisse.The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the known exhaust faults mentioned above by proposing a tangential drive exhaust device with two active alternations per oscillation period of the balance spring, with a single escape wheel and which however, consumes less energy during operation than the Swiss lever escapement.

A cet effet, l'échappement tel que défini dans la revendication 1 ne possède qu'une roue d'échappement et grâce aux angles externes de chaque mobile qui vont de la surface de blocage vers la surface d'entraînement et qui ont le même sens que le sens de rotation principal de la roue d'échappement (pendant la phase d'impulsion), le fonctionnement nécessite moins d'énergie car les frottements sont diminués entre la roue d'échappement et chaque mobile. En d'autres termes, les surfaces de blocage et d'entraînement de chaque mobile sont agencées de sorte que lors de la phase d'entraînement ou d'impulsion, la roue d'échappement et le mobile alors en contact avec la roue d'échappement ont des rotations de sens opposés, l'entraînement pendant la phase d'impulsion est tangentiel. L'échappement selon la présente invention est donc simple car il ne possède qu'une roue d'échappement, mais augmente la réserve de marche et peut être utilisé à des fréquences élevées d'oscillation. On peut également noter que selon cet agencement, la transmission de l'énergie de la roue d'échappement vers le balancier est efficace.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue générale en plan d'une forme d'exécution du dispositif d'échappement selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente la première position de repos de l'échappement de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 représente la position de l'échappement de la figure 1 juste après le dégagement de la première position de repos.
  • La figure 4 représente la phase de transmission d'énergie de la roue d'échappement au balancier lorsque le dernier tourne dans le sens anti-horaire.
  • La figure 5 représente les mobiles 2 et 3 ainsi que la roue d'échappement 1 dans la première position de repos.
  • La figure 6 représente l'angle externe αe entre les normales n61 et 62 de la palette d'entrée ainsi l'angle externe αs entre les normales n63 et 64 de la palette de sortie d'un échappement à ancre suisse.
  • La figure 7 représente la fin de la phase de transmission d'énergie de la roue d'échappement au balancier lorsque le dernier tourne dans le sens anti-horaire.
  • La figure 8 représente la deuxième position de repos de l'échappement de la figure 1.
  • La figure 9 représente la position de l'échappement de la figure 1 juste après le dégagement de la deuxième position de repos.
  • La figure 10 représente la phase de transmission d'énergie de la roue d'échappement au balancier lorsque le dernier tourne dans le sens horaire.
  • La figure 11 représente la fin de la phase de transmission d'énergie de la roue d'échappement au balancier lorsque le dernier tourne dans le sens horaire.
  • La figure 12 représente le mobile 2 du dispositif d'échappement de la figure 1.
  • La figure 13 représente une variante d'exécution de la surface de blocage 23 du mobile 2.
  • La figure 14 représente une variante d'exécution de la surface de blocage 33 du mobile 3.
  • La figure 15 représente le cas où les diamètres primitifs de chaque mobile 2 et 3 sont égaux.
  • La figure 16 représente une variante de la surface de blocage du second mobile.
  • La figure 17 représente une variante de la surface de blocage du premier mobile.
  • La figure 18 représente une variante de la surface de blocage du second mobile.
For this purpose, the escapement as defined in claim 1 has only one escape wheel and thanks to the external angles of each mobile which go from the blocking surface to the training surface and which have the same meaning that the main direction of rotation of the escape wheel (during the pulse phase), the operation requires less energy because the friction is decreased between the escape wheel and each mobile. In other words, the locking and driving surfaces of each mobile are arranged so that during the driving phase or pulse, the escape wheel and the mobile then in contact with the wheel of exhaust have rotations in opposite directions, the drive during the impulse phase is tangential. The exhaust according to the present invention is therefore simple because it has only one escape wheel, but increases the power reserve and can be used at high oscillation frequencies. We can also note that according to this arrangement, the transmission of energy from the escape wheel to the beam is effective.
  • The figure 1 represents a general plan view of an embodiment of the exhaust device according to the invention.
  • The figure 2 represents the first rest position of the exhaust of the figure 1 .
  • The figure 3 represents the position of the exhaust of the figure 1 just after the release of the first rest position.
  • The figure 4 represents the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance when the last rotates counter-clockwise.
  • The figure 5 represents the mobiles 2 and 3 and the escape wheel 1 in the first rest position.
  • The figure 6 represents the external angle αe between the normals n61 and 62 of the entry pallet and the external angle αs between the normals n63 and 64 of the output pallet of a Swiss anchor escapement.
  • The figure 7 represents the end of the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance when the last rotates counter-clockwise.
  • The figure 8 represents the second rest position of the exhaust of the figure 1 .
  • The figure 9 represents the position of the exhaust of the figure 1 just after the release of the second rest position.
  • The figure 10 represents the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance when the last turns clockwise.
  • The figure 11 represents the end of the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance when the last rotates clockwise.
  • The figure 12 represents the mobile 2 of the exhaust system of the figure 1 .
  • The figure 13 represents an alternative embodiment of the locking surface 23 of the mobile 2.
  • The figure 14 represents an alternative embodiment of the locking surface 33 of the mobile 3.
  • The figure 15 represents the case where the pitch diameters of each mobile 2 and 3 are equal.
  • The figure 16 represents a variant of the locking surface of the second mobile.
  • The figure 17 represents a variant of the blocking surface of the first mobile.
  • The figure 18 represents a variant of the locking surface of the second mobile.

Dans la présente demande, on fera référence à des angles externes qui sont mesurés dans le même sens que celui que parcours le point de contact entre la roue d'échappement et le corps mobile considéré. Dans la présente demande, cela revient à dire que le sens de mesure de cet angle externe est opposé au sens de rotation du mobile considéré lors de la libération de la roue d'échappement.In the present application, reference will be made to external angles which are measured in the same direction as that which the point of contact between the escape wheel and the mobile body in question takes. In the present application, this amounts to saying that the measuring direction of this external angle is opposite to the direction of rotation of the mobile considered during the release of the escape wheel.

Une forme d'exécution du dispositif d'échappement selon l'invention est représentée à la figure 1, en plan et en élévation selon 3 plans de coupe en lignes brisées. Le dispositif d'échappement selon la figure 1 comprend :

  • une roue d'échappement 1 entraînée par le barillet à travers les roues de transmission ; cette roue d'échappement tourne autour de l'axe 11 dans le sens anti-horaire.
  • un mobile 2 pivotant autour de l'axe 21, comportant une première structure dentée avec les surfaces d'impulsion 22 et de blocage 23 ainsi qu'une deuxième structure dentée 24
  • un mobile 3 pivotant autour de l'axe 31, comportant une première structure dentée avec les surfaces d'impulsion 32 et de blocage 33, une deuxième structure dentée 34 ainsi qu'une troisième structure dentée 35
An embodiment of the exhaust device according to the invention is shown in FIG. figure 1 , in plan and in elevation according to 3 cutaway planes in broken lines. The exhaust system according to the figure 1 includes:
  • an escape wheel 1 driven by the barrel through the transmission wheels; this escape wheel rotates about the axis 11 in the counterclockwise direction.
  • a mobile 2 pivoting about the axis 21, having a first toothed structure with the impulse 22 and locking surfaces 23 and a second toothed structure 24
  • a mobile 3 pivoting about the axis 31, having a first toothed structure with the impulse 32 and locking surfaces 33, a second toothed structure 34 and a third toothed structure 35

Bien qu'il ne fasse pas directement partie du dispositif d'échappement, la figure 1 représente aussi le plateau du balancier 4 pivotant autour de l'axe 41 et comportant structure dentée 42Although not a direct part of the exhaust system, the figure 1 also represents the platform of the balance 4 pivoting about the axis 41 and having a toothed structure 42

Les figures qui suivent décrivent les principales étapes de fonctionnement du dispositif d'échappement selon invention.The following figures describe the main operating steps of the exhaust device according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente la première position de repos de l'échappement de la figure 1.The figure 2 represents the first rest position of the exhaust of the figure 1 .

Dans cette figure, le balancier tourne dans le sens horaire. La structure dentée 42 du balancier s'éloigne de la structure dentée 35 du mobile 3. La dent de la roue d'échappement 1, sous l'effet du couple du barillet, exerce une force F sur la surface de blocage 33 du mobile 3. Cette surface de blocage 33 est arrangée pour que la direction de la force F passe sensiblement au voisinage du centre du mobile 3. Dans ces conditions la roue d'échappement est bloquée et immobilise en conséquence le mobile 3 ainsi que le mobile 2 par l'intermédiaire des structures dentées 24 et 34.In this figure, the balance turns clockwise. The toothed structure 42 of the rocker moves away from the toothed structure 35 of the mobile 3. The tooth of the escape wheel 1, under the effect of the torque of the barrel, exerts a force F on the blocking surface 33 of the mobile 3 This locking surface 33 is arranged so that the direction of the force F passes substantially in the vicinity of the center of the mobile 3. Under these conditions the escape wheel is locked and therefore immobilizes the mobile 3 as well as the mobile 2 by the intermediate of the toothed structures 24 and 34.

La figure 3 représente la position de l'échappement de la figure 6 juste après le dégagement de la première position de reposThe figure 3 represents the position of the exhaust of the figure 6 just after the release of the first resting position

Dans cette figure, le balancier tourne dans le sens anti-horaire. La structure dentée 42 du balancier vient en contact avec la structure dentée 35 et fait tourner le mobile 3 dans le sens horaire. Cette action libère la dent de la roue d'échappement de la surface de blocage 33. L'énergie mécanique nécessaire pour le dégagement est extrêmement faible car elle sert uniquement à vaincre le frottement de la roue d'échappement sur la surface de blocage 33 et à déplacer les mobiles 2 et 3 sur quelques degrés. Dans cet exemple d'application le déplacement angulaire des mobiles 2 et 3 lors du dégagement est d'environ 4 degrés.In this figure, the balance turns counterclockwise. The toothed structure 42 of the rocker comes into contact with the toothed structure 35 and rotates the wheel 3 in the clockwise direction. This action releases the tooth of the escape wheel from the locking surface 33. The mechanical energy required for the clearance is extremely low since it serves only to overcome the friction of the escape wheel on the blocking surface 33 and to move the mobiles 2 and 3 on a few degrees. In this application example the angular displacement of the mobiles 2 and 3 during the release is about 4 degrees.

La figure 4 représente la phase de transmission d'énergie de la roue d'échappement au balancier lorsque le dernier tourne dans le sens anti-horaireThe figure 4 represents the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance wheel when the last turns counterclockwise

Dans cette figure, la dent de la roue d'échappement 1 s'appuie sur la surface d'impulsion 32 et entraîne le mobile 3 dans le sens horaire. L'énergie mécanique de la roue d'échappement est transmise au balancier grâce aux structures dentées 42 et 35. Le mobile 2 est également entraîné par le mobile 3 par les structures dentées 34 et 24. On remarque que contrairement à un échappement à ancre suisse, l'entraînement du mobile 3 par la roue d'échappement est sensiblement tangentiel à la trajectoire de la surface d'impulsion 32.In this figure, the tooth of the escape wheel 1 bears on the impulse surface 32 and drives the mobile 3 in the clockwise direction. The mechanical energy of the escape wheel is transmitted to the balance thanks to the toothed structures 42 and 35. The mobile 2 is also driven by the mobile 3 by the toothed structures 34 and 24. Note that unlike a Swiss lever escapement , driving the mobile 3 by the escape wheel is substantially tangential to the trajectory of the impulse surface 32.

L'entraînement tangentiel du mobile 3 par la roue d'échappement est obtenu grâce à l'arrangement particulier des surfaces 33 et 32 du mobile 3.The tangential drive of the mobile 3 by the escape wheel is obtained thanks to the particular arrangement of the surfaces 33 and 32 of the mobile 3.

La figure 5 représente les mobiles 2 et 3 ainsi que la roue d'échappement 1 dans la première position de repos.The figure 5 represents the mobiles 2 and 3 and the escape wheel 1 in the first rest position.

Le vecteur n33 représente la normale à la surface de blocage 33 au point de blocage de la dent de la roue d'échappement, le vecteur n32 représente la normale passant par le centre de surface d'impulsion 32 du mobile 3 et α3 représente l'angle externe entre n33 et n32.The vector n33 represents the normal to the blocking surface 33 at the locking point of the tooth of the escape wheel, the vector n32 represents the normal passing through the center of impulse surface 32 of the mobile 3 and α 3 represents the external angle between n33 and n32.

Une des caractéristiques particulières de l'échappement selon l'invention se traduit par un angle externe α3 possédant le même signe que celui de l'angle de rotation de la roue d'échappement. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, l'angle externe α3 ainsi que l'angle de rotation de la roue d'échappement sont positifs par rapport au sens trigonométrique.One of the particular characteristics of the escapement according to the invention is an external angle α 3 having the same sign as that of the rotation angle of the escape wheel. In this embodiment, the external angle α 3 and the rotation angle of the escape wheel are positive with respect to the trigonometric direction.

Ces caractéristiques se retrouvent également sur l'angle externe α2 entre la normale n23 à la surface de blocage 23 et la normale n22 à la surface d'impulsion 22 du mobile 2.These characteristics are also found on the external angle α 2 between the normal n23 at the locking surface 23 and the normal n22 at the impulse surface 22 of the mobile 2.

A titre de comparaison la figure 6 représente l'angle externe αe entre la normale n61 à la surface de blocage 61 et la normale n62 à la surface d'impulsion 62 de la palette d'entrée, ainsi que l'angle externe αs entre la normale n63 à la surface de blocage 63 et la normale n64 à la surface d'impulsion 64 de la palette de sortie, d'un échappement à ancre suisse.For comparison figure 6 represents the external angle αe between the normal n61 at the blocking surface 61 and the normal n62 at the impulse surface 62 of the input pallet, as well as the external angle αs between the normal n63 at the blocking surface 63 and the normal n64 at the impulse surface 64 of the output pallet, of a Swiss lever escapement.

On constate que les angles externes αe et αs sont de signes opposés à celui de l'angle de rotation de la roue d'échappement.It can be seen that the external angles αe and αs are opposite signs to that of the angle of rotation of the escape wheel.

La figure 7 représente la fin de la phase de transmission d'énergie de la roue d'échappement au balancier lorsque le dernier tourne dans le sens anti-horaire. Dans cette fin de phase de transmission d'énergie, la dent de la roue d'échappement quitte la surface d'impulsion 32 du mobile 3 et la surface de blocage 23 du mobile 2 se présente en face de la dent de la roue d'échappement 1. Pendant ce temps, le balancier décrit son arc d'oscillation supplémentaire en éloignant sa structure dentée 42 de la structure dentée 35 du mobile 3.The figure 7 represents the end of the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance when the last rotates counter-clockwise. In this end of energy transmission phase, the tooth of the escape wheel leaves the impulse surface 32 of the mobile 3 and the locking surface 23 of the mobile 2 is in front of the tooth of the impeller wheel. Exhaust 1. During this time, the beam describes its additional oscillation arc by moving its toothed structure 42 away from the toothed structure 35 of the mobile 3.

La figure 8 représente la deuxième position de repos de l'échappement de la figure 1.The figure 8 represents the second rest position of the exhaust of the figure 1 .

Dans cette figure, le balancier tourne dans le sens anti-horaire. La structure dentée 42 du balancier s'éloigne de la structure dentée 35 du mobile 3. La dent de la roue d'échappement 1, sous l'effet du couple du barillet, exerce une force F sur la surface de blocage 23 du mobile 2. Cette surface de blocage 23 est arrangée pour que la direction de la force F passe sensiblement au voisinage du centre du mobile 2, par conséquent, la roue d'échappement est bloquée et immobilise le mobile 2 ainsi que le mobile 3 par l'intermédiaire des structures dentées 24 et 34.In this figure, the balance turns counterclockwise. The toothed structure 42 of the rocker moves away from the toothed structure 35 of the mobile 3. The tooth of the escape wheel 1, under the effect of the torque of the barrel, exerts a force F on the blocking surface 23 of the mobile 2 This locking surface 23 is arranged so that the direction of the force F passes substantially in the vicinity of the center of the mobile 2, therefore, the escape wheel is locked and immobilizes the mobile 2 and the mobile 3 via toothed structures 24 and 34.

Les phases de dégagement, de transmission d'énergie ainsi que la fin de la transmission d'énergie lorsque le balancier tourne dans le sens horaire se traduisent de façons analogues à celles déjà présentées lorsque le balancier tourne dans le sens anti-horaire.The phases of disengagement, of energy transmission as well as the end of the transmission of energy when the pendulum rotates in the clockwise direction are translated in ways analogous to those already presented when the pendulum rotates in the anti-clockwise direction.

Les figures suivantes illustrent ces différentes phases :

  • La figure 9 représente la position de l'échappement de la figure 1 juste après le dégagement de la deuxième position de repos.
  • La figure 10 représente la phase de transmission d'énergie de la roue d'échappement au balancier lorsque le dernier tourne dans le sens horaire.
  • La figure 11 représente la fin de la phase de transmission d'énergie de la roue d'échappement au balancier lorsque le dernier tourne dans le sens horaire.
The following figures illustrate these different phases:
  • The figure 9 represents the position of the exhaust of the figure 1 just after the release of the second rest position.
  • The figure 10 represents the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance when the last turns clockwise.
  • The figure 11 represents the end of the energy transmission phase of the escapement wheel to the balance when the last rotates clockwise.

Après cette phase de transmission d'énergie dans le sens horaire, la roue d'échappement est de nouveau bloquée à la surface de blocage 33 et le cycle de fonctionnement recommence.After this energy transmission phase in the clockwise direction, the escape wheel is again locked to the blocking surface 33 and the operating cycle begins again.

On constate que le dispositif d'échappement selon l'invention possède deux alternances actives par période d'oscillation du balancier spiral et que la roue d'échappement avance à chaque alternance d'un angle égal à 180°/N, N étant le nombre de dents de la roue d'échappement ; de plus la même dent de la roue d'échappement est bloquée successivement sur la surface de blocage 33 et 23. On en déduit que l'angle entre les points de blocage sur les surfaces 33 et 23 par rapport au centre de rotation de la roue d'échappement est aussi égal à 180°/N.It can be seen that the escapement device according to the invention has two active alternations per oscillation period of the balance spring and that the escape wheel advances at each alternation by an angle equal to 180 ° / N, where N is the number teeth of the escape wheel; moreover, the same tooth of the escape wheel is locked successively on the locking surface 33 and 23. It can be deduced from this that the angle between the locking points on the surfaces 33 and 23 with respect to the center of rotation of the wheel exhaust is also equal to 180 ° / N.

La figure 12 représente en plan et en perspective le mobile 2 de l'échappement de la figure 1.The figure 12 represents in plan and in perspective the mobile 2 of the exhaust of the figure 1 .

Dans cet exemple , qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention revendiquée, la surface de blocage 23 est constituée par un plan dont la normale au point de blocage passe sensiblement au voisinage du centre de rotation du mobile 2. On peut également obtenir le même effet en remplaçant ce plan par une surface cylindrique dont l'axe du cylindre passe par le centre de rotation du mobile 2. Toutefois, si les surfaces mentionnées ci-dessus permettent le blocage de la roue d'échappement, elles ne permettent pas de garantir avec précision la position de blocage à cause du rebond dû au choc entre la dent de la roue d'échappement avec la surface de blocage, à la fin de la phase de transmission d'énergie et juste avant la phase de repos.In this example, which is not part of the claimed invention, the locking surface 23 is constituted by a plane whose normal to the locking point passes substantially in the vicinity of the center of rotation of the mobile 2. It is also possible to obtain the same effect by replacing this plane by a cylindrical surface whose axis of the cylinder passes through the center of rotation of the mobile 2. However, if the surfaces mentioned above allow the locking of the escape wheel, they do not guarantee precisely the blocking position due to bounce due to the shock between the tooth of the wheel exhaust with the blocking surface, at the end of the energy transmission phase and just before the rest phase.

Pour améliorer la précision de blocage, une forme d'exécution de la surface de blocage 23, représentée à la figure 13, consiste à remplacer ce plan par une surface concave.To improve the blocking accuracy, an embodiment of the blocking surface 23, shown in FIG. figure 13 is to replace this plane by a concave surface.

La figure 15 représente le cas où les diamètres primitifs (Dp) des engrenages 24 et 34 sont égaux, afin de minimiser les différences d'inertie entre les deux mobiles 2 et 3.The figure 15 represents the case where the pitch diameters (Dp) of the gears 24 and 34 are equal, in order to minimize the differences in inertia between the two mobiles 2 and 3.

Les figures 16 et 17 représentent une variante de la surface de blocage respectivement du second et du premier mobile, où ces surfaces sont concaves et formées par deux plans sécants et inclinés d'un angle v, afin d'offrir une sécurité de blocage dans le cas d'un choc ou d'un rebond de la roue d'échappement 1 sur l'un des premier ou second mobiles 2 ou 3. Avec cette mise en oeuvre, la position relative angulaire de la roue d'échappement 1 par rapport au premier et second mobile 2 et 3 est garantie et il n'y a pas de possibilité de rotation intempestive.The Figures 16 and 17 represent a variant of the blocking surface respectively of the second and the first mobile, where these surfaces are concave and formed by two secant planes and inclined by an angle v, to provide blocking security in the case of a shock or a rebound of the escape wheel 1 on one of the first or second mobiles 2 or 3. With this implementation, the relative angular position of the escape wheel 1 relative to the first and second mobile 2 and 3 is guaranteed and there is no possibility of inadvertent rotation.

La figure 18 représente une variante de la surface de blocage 33 du second mobile. Le plan n représente le plan normal à la surface verticale passant par le point de blocage entre le second mobile 3 et la roue d'échappement 1 et le centre de rotation du second mobile 3. Le premier plan de la surface de blocage 33 fait un angle β par rapport au plan n. Un angle β non nul offre une meilleure tenue au choc de la roue d'échappement, par contre il provoque un recul de la roue d'échappement lors du dégagement et par conséquent une perte d'énergie au dégagement. Le deuxième plan de blocage fait un angle γ par rapport au plan n. Une grande valeur de γ permet d'améliorer la précision de blocage, par contre il provoque un rebond important de la roue d'échappement 1 avant le blocage. Les différents essais ont montré que la valeur de l'angle ν=180-(β+γ) comprise entre 120° et 170° représente le meilleur compromis entre une bonne sécurité de blocage, un rebond minimal ou nul à la fin de l'impulsion et la perte d'énergie minimale au dégagement.The figure 18 represents a variant of the blocking surface 33 of the second mobile. The plane n represents the plane normal to the vertical surface passing through the locking point between the second mobile 3 and the escape wheel 1 and the center of rotation of the second mobile 3. The first plane of the locking surface 33 makes a angle β with respect to plane n. A non-zero angle β provides better resistance to the impact of the escape wheel, against it causes a recoil of the escape wheel during release and therefore a loss of energy at the release. The second locking plane is at an angle γ relative to plane n. A large value of γ makes it possible to improve the blocking precision, on the other hand it causes a large rebound of the escape wheel 1 before the blockage. The various tests have shown that the value of the angle ν = 180- (β + γ) between 120 ° and 170 ° represents the best compromise between a good blocking security, minimal or no rebound at the end of the impulse and minimal energy loss at release.

On comprendra que diverses modifications et/ou améliorations évidentes pour l'homme du métier peuvent être apportées aux différents modes de réalisation de l'invention décrits dans la présente description sans sortir du cadre de l'invention défini par les revendications annexées.It will be understood that various modifications and / or improvements obvious to those skilled in the art can be made to the various embodiments of the invention described in the present description without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

  1. An escapement device of a clockwork movement with two active alternations between a pendulum plate (4) and an escapement wheel (1) comprising:
    - a first mobile element (2),
    - a second mobile element (3),
    - the escapement wheel (1) subject to an essentially constant mechanical torque, and arranged for alternately transmitting mechanical energy to the first mobile element (2) and to the second mobile element (3),
    - mechanical transmission means (24, 34) between the first mobile element (2) and the second mobile element (3),
    - mechanical transmission (22) and blocking (23) means between the escapement wheel (1) and the first mobile element (2),
    - mechanical transmission (32) and blocking (33) means between the escapement wheel (1) and the second mobile element (3) ,
    - mechanical transmission (35) means between the second mobile element (3) and the plate of the pendulum (4),
    the blocking means (23) of the first mobile element (2) being formed with a blocking surface (23), arranged so that the force transmitted by the escapement wheel (1) on this blocking surface (23) substantially passes in the vicinity of the center of rotation of the first mobile element (2),
    the blocking means (33) of the second mobile element (3) being formed with a blocking surface (33), arranged so that the force transmitted by the escapement wheel (1) on this blocking surface (33) substantially passes in the vicinity of the center of rotation of the mobile element (3),
    the mechanical transmission means of the first mobile element (2), being formed with a driving surface (22) arranged adjacent to the blocking surface (23) and so that an external angle α2 ranging from the blocking surface (23) of the first mobile element (2) to the driving surface (22) of the first mobile element (2) is of the same sign as that of the angle of rotation of the escapement wheel (1),
    the mechanical transmission means of the second mobile element (3) being formed with a driving surface (32) arranged adjacent to the blocking surface (33) and so that an external angle α3 ranging from the blocking surface (33) of the second mobile element (3) to the driving surface (32) of the second mobile element (3) is of the same sign as that of the angle of rotation of the escapement wheel (1),
    characterized in that said blocking surfaces (23, 33) of the first mobile element (2) and of the second mobile element (3), are concave surfaces.
  2. The escapement device according to claim 1, characterized in that the escapement wheel (1), the first mobile element (2), the second mobile element (3) and the plate of the pendulum (4) are arranged in the same median plane.
  3. The escapement device according to claim 1 or according to claim 2, characterized in that the escapement wheel (1) has a number of teeth (N) and in that the angle covered by the escapement wheel (1) between the blocking point on the surface (33) and the blocking point on the surface (23) with respect to the center of rotation of the escapement wheel (1) is equal to 180°/N.
  4. The escapement device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said blocking surfaces (23, 33) of the first mobile element (2) and of the second mobile element (3) are cylindrical surfaces.
  5. The escapement device according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the number of teeth of the escapement wheel (1) is less than or equal to 6.
  6. The escapement device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that mechanical transmission means (24, 34) between the first mobile element (2) and the second mobile element (3) are formed with gears having the same primitive diameter.
  7. The escapement device according to claim 1, characterized in that said blocking surfaces (23, 33) of the first mobile element (2) and of the second mobile element (3) are formed with 2 planes, the external angle ν of which is comprised between 120° and 170°.
  8. A timepiece provided with an escapement device according to one of the preceding claims.
EP12726440.6A 2012-06-07 2012-06-07 Escapement device for timepiece Active EP2859411B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/060825 WO2013182243A1 (en) 2012-06-07 2012-06-07 Escapement device for timepiece

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EP2859411A1 EP2859411A1 (en) 2015-04-15
EP2859411B1 true EP2859411B1 (en) 2016-10-12

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US (1) US9052694B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2859411B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5961753B2 (en)
CN (1) CN104364719B (en)
WO (1) WO2013182243A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108700845B (en) * 2015-12-21 2020-08-04 迪特拉有限公司 Timepiece escapement device and method for operating such a device
EP3306416B1 (en) * 2016-10-04 2019-08-21 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Mechanical clock movement with power-reserve detection
EP3462251B1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2020-06-10 Montres Breguet S.A. Time-setting mechanism for a clock movement
NL2020384B1 (en) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-14 Flexous Mech Ip B V Mechanical watch oscillator
WO2020043720A1 (en) 2018-08-28 2020-03-05 Rolex Sa Clockmaking escapement
JP7485506B2 (en) 2018-10-12 2024-05-16 ロレックス・ソシエテ・アノニム Regulators for small clock movements

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US3143848A (en) * 1957-01-02 1964-08-11 Hamilton Watch Co Indexing mechanism
US3538705A (en) * 1968-11-07 1970-11-10 Hamilton Watch Co Escapement
DE2458503A1 (en) * 1974-12-11 1976-06-16 Graesslin Feinwerktech Stop watch or timer restraint mechanism - uses two congruent wheels with meshing peripheral teeth of two wheels
EP0018796B1 (en) 1979-04-30 1984-11-07 George Daniels Watches, clocks and chronometers and escapements therefor
EP1041459B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2002-09-18 Ulysse Nardin S.A. Escapement for timepiece
WO2001077759A1 (en) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-18 Detra Sa Escapement device for timepiece component
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DE60233783D1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2009-11-05 Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres E Inhibition for watches
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EP1708048B1 (en) * 2005-03-30 2010-06-09 Montres Breguet S.A. Watch comprising at least two regulation systems
EP1967919B1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2009-06-03 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Exhaust with tangential impulses
ATE449985T1 (en) * 2007-04-18 2009-12-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse ESCAPEMENT COMPRISING TWO ESCAPE WHEELS
CH702313B1 (en) * 2007-05-14 2011-06-15 Hugues Jolidon Energy distributing escapement for mechanical watch movement, has kinematic inversion units arranged to allow teeth alternately exert meshing action to permit transmission of optimal energy for completeness and consistency
FR2928015B1 (en) * 2008-02-22 2010-02-19 Jean Paul Lenoble IMPROVED EXHAUST WITH ARTICULATED ANCHOR WITH TANGENTIAL IMPULSE, MECHANICAL WATCH
EP2166419B1 (en) * 2008-09-18 2013-06-26 Agenhor SA Clockwork comprising a constant-force device
IT1396734B1 (en) 2009-11-25 2012-12-14 Ferrara ESCAPEMENT FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE CLOCKS.

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Publication number Publication date
WO2013182243A1 (en) 2013-12-12
EP2859411A1 (en) 2015-04-15
US20150131414A1 (en) 2015-05-14
CN104364719A (en) 2015-02-18
CN104364719B (en) 2017-03-15
US9052694B2 (en) 2015-06-09
JP2015518965A (en) 2015-07-06
JP5961753B2 (en) 2016-08-02

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