Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
  • C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
  • C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
  • C14B1/58—Drying

Definitions

• the present invention generally finds application in the field of tannery, and namely relates to a vacuum drier for drying wet industrial hides, as defined in the preamble of claim 1 .
• Vacuum driers for industrial hides which generally comprise a body consisting of a frame or bearing structure that supports one or more mutually superimposed and substantially horizontal tables, upon which hides lie during drying.
• the bearing structure is typically composed of at least two vertical columns at the ends of the tables, having vertical guides and mutually joined by a lower base and an upper cover.
• Each table may be vertically driven by appropriate hydraulic actuators or the like, to be moved toward the overlying table and form a hermetically sealed suction chamber therewith, in which the hides to be dried are enclosed.
• the tables are heated by appropriate heating means.
• the suction chambers formed by the tables are connected to vacuum sources, comprising one or more vacuum pumps, that are used to quickly draw vapors through a circuit comprising at least one manifold connected to the tables via appropriate connection tubing.
• the manifold, the vacuum pumps, the hydraulic and pneumatic stations and the switchboard form a distinct assembly, separate from the body and connected thereto by series of flexible or rigid tubes or power lines.
• a further drawback of this kind of plants is the presence of one or more external condensers downstream from the tables, which are generally mounted to the vacuum pump unit and are associated to condensate separators, that require chilled water supplied by a chiller or cooling towers, thereby involving high maintenance costs, and frequent replacements due to oxidation and contacts with highly aggressive vapors and condensates.
• the presence of these components along the circuit, with inevitable safety valves and by-passes increases pressure losses and involves a higher power consumption by the pumps, while requiring longer times for cyclic evacuation of the tables and hence longer times for drying the hides lying thereon, which may be of the order of one minute.
• a general object of the present invention is to eliminate or at least reduce the above drawbacks, by providing a vacuum drier for industrial hides that is highly efficient and relatively cost-effective.
• a particular object is to provide a drier for industrial hides that is highly compact and occupies a smaller space than conventional apparatus.
• a further particular object of the invention is to provide a drier that has lower pressure losses along the connection circuit, thereby increasing the useful rate and efficiency of the vacuum means, as well as reducing consumption and circuit evacuation and hide drying times.
• Yet another object is to reduce the number of parts to be dismantled for shipment, thereby reducing both times for disassembly at the factory and for assembly on site, and achieving savings on machine operation.
• a vacuum drier for drying industrial hides as defined in claim 1 , which comprises a bearing structure having at least one pair of end uprights with substantially vertical guide means, a lower base and an upper cover, a plurality of mutually superimposed and substantially horizontal tables for supporting the hides during drying, said tables being adapted to be peripherally and sealingly coupled to define respective vacuum chambers for drawing in vapors from the hides, drive means for vertically moving said tables along said guide means, which are connected to a power unit, heating means associated with the tables for heating the hides, connected to a hydraulic station, vacuum means adapted for selective connection to said tables for drawing vapors released from the hides from said vacuum chambers, control means for electrically controlling said drive means, said heating means and said vacuum means, a suction line for connecting said vacuum chambers with said vacuum means, comprising at least one vapor manifold connected to said vacuum chambers of all the tables via connection tubing.
• the drier is characterized in that said vacuum means, said power unit, said hydraulic station and said electric control means are integral with said bearing structure and are placed within the ground projection of the machine body and not in a separate assembly, said at least one vapor manifold being directly attached to at least one of said uprights near said tables thereby minimizing the length of said connection tubing, the length of said circuit, the volume of the vapor to be drawn and the time for evacuation of said vacuum chambers.
• the smaller length of the circuit and the smaller volume of vapor to be drawn reduces pressure losses, increases suction capacity and reliability of the plant, reduces power consumption and suction chamber evacuation times.
• the structure simplifies disassembly at the factory, shipment and reassembly at the installation site and affords savings in terms of installation costs and times.
• FIG. 1 is a general perspective view of a drier of the invention in a fully assembled state and with a protective guard;
• FIG. 2 is a general perspective view of the drier of FIG. 1 without the guard;
• FIG. 3 is a general perspective exploded view of the drier of
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1 ;
• FIG. 4 is a side view of the drier of FIG. 1 ;
• FIG. 5 is a front view of the drier of FIG. 1 from a longitudinal end;
• FIG. 6 is a front view of the drier of FIG. 1 from the longitudinal end opposite to that of FIG. 5;
• FIG. 7 is a top view of the drier of FIG. 1 ;
• FIG. 8 is the view of FIG. 5 with certain parts partially removed for clarity;
• FIG. 9 is the view of FIG. 5 with other parts partially removed for clarity;
• FIG. 1 0 is a perspective view of a detail of FIG. 1 ;
• FIG. 1 1 is a perspective view of a detail of FIG. 1 0;
• FIG. 1 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the pump unit of the drier as shown in FIG. 1 ;
• FIG. 1 3 is a schematic view of a pump as shown in FIG. 1 2;
• FIG. 14 is a diagram of the circuit of the drier of the invention.
• FIG. 1 5 is a side view of a body ready to be packaged in a case.
• a drier of the invention is particularly designed for drying flat products such as industrial hides P that have undergone tanning treatments and retain a high moisture content.
• the drier 1 comprises a body consisting of a bearing structure 2 which defines a longitudinal axis L and is entirely covered by a removable guard 3.
• the guard 3 has two shutters 3' at its longitudinal ends, that may be lifted for easy access to the interior of the machine without dismantling the whole guard.
• the bearing structure 2 is essentially composed of a pair of longitudinally offset end uprights 4, 5, a base 6 interposed between the uprights 4 and a flat cover 7.
• the uprights 4, 5, the base 6 and the cover 7 are rigidly connected together, as better shown in FIG. 4, such that a rigid and monolithic bearing structure 2 is obtained, to form the body.
• the base 6 has feet 6' for ground mounting.
• each upright 4, 5 is composed of a pair of columns 8, 9 having a polygonal or the like section, which are symmetrically arranged with respect to a vertical plane V passing through the longitudinal axis L and mutually joined by tables or ribs located at various heights.
• the cover 7 may be anchored to the uprights 4, 5 and is integral with a lattice truss 7' composed of a pair of longitudinal stringers 1 0, 1 0' symmetrically arranged with respect to the vertical plane V and joined by crossbeams, also attached to the uprights 4, 5.
• the columns 8, 9 have vertical guide means fixed thereto, which consist, for instance, of high-strength steel guides 1 1 .
• the bearing structure 2 supports one or more substantially horizontal and mutually superimposed identical tables 1 2 above the base 6.
• the bottom surfaces of the tables 1 2 and the cover 7 have peripheral seals 14 which are adapted to cooperate with the top surfaces 13 of the underlying tables to form respective vacuum chambers 1 5, that may be cyclically opened and sealed.
• the negative pressure created in the vacuum chambers 1 5 is useful for drawing the vapors released from the hides P but also provides the benefit of decreasing the pressure and hence the temperature of evaporation of water in the hides P, thereby reducing thermal stress thereon.
• Drive means are provided, which preferably consist of hydraulic cylinders, not shown, for controlled upward or downward movement of the tables 1 2.
• the actuators are powered by a power unit 1 6 comprising a pump and a valve-operated control unit.
• Heating means are also provided for heating the tables 12 and accelerate evaporation of the moisture in the hides P.
• the heating means may essentially consist of serpentines or labyrinths formed in the tables, not shown, and fed with a fluid, preferably hot water supplied by a circuit connected to a hydraulic station 1 7.
• the hydraulic heating circuit comprises a heat exchanger 1 7' with a primary circuit that receives steam or another high-temperature fluid from a tube 1 8 and a secondary circuit that receives cold water from a tube 1 9, pumped by a pump 20.
• the hot water that flows out of the exchanger 1 7' is conveyed to a supply manifold 21 and then to the tables 1 2 through flexible inlet tubes 22, flows through the serpentines and then out of the tables 1 2 through flexible outlet tubes 23 and is conveyed to a discharge manifold 24 from which it flows back into the exchanger 1 7' via a return tube 25.
• the heat exchanger 1 7' may be replaced by a direct hot water supply line, for water that comes from an external system, not shown.
• the heating circuit including the supply and discharge manifolds 21 , 24 are stably mounted to the upright 5.
• the vacuum means 26 include a pump unit composed of two tandem pumps, i.e. a high- performance lobe or Roots pump 27 connected in series to a dry screw pump 28.
• the Roots pump 27 may be of the type that has an internal bypass and an integrated inverter, with automatic elastic balancing of the bypass valve 27', allowing the opening to be adapted to the differential pressure ⁇ between upstream and downstream from maximum performance pumps, according to the suction pressure.
• suction chambers 1 5 of the tables 1 2 are connected to the pump unit 26 via a suction line.
• the suction line comprises at least one vapor manifold 30 connected to the suction chambers 15 of the tables via respective connection tubing 31 .
• connection tubing 31 Preferably, two vapor manifolds 30 are provided for connection to the connection tubing 31 .
• the tubing 31 are connected to the suction chambers 1 5 by a pair of lateral compartments 1 5 formed near the longitudinal edges of each table 1 2, as more clearly shown in FIGS, 10 and 1 1 .
• the lateral compartments 32 of each table 1 2 have a series of aligned and evenly arranged holes 33 on their top wall, to ensure fluid communication between said compartments 32 and the suction chamber 1 5 formed between the top surface 1 3 and the bottom surface of the overlying table.
• Each compartment 32 has a connection 34 at its longitudinal end for connection to a corresponding tube 31 . Furthermore, the vapor manifold 30 is connected to the pump unit 26 via a suction pipe 35. Thus, the vapors released from the hides P and collected in the vacuum chambers 1 5 are drawn through the holes 33 and flow into the lateral compartments 32, from which they are extracted by the tubing 31 and conveyed to the vapor manifold 30; the latter is connected to the pump unit 26 via the suction tube 35.
• each compartment 32 houses a condenser 36 with a longitudinal tube-bundle 37 for cold water circulation.
• the vapors generated in the vacuum chambers are drawn through the holes 33 into the compartments 32 where they flow on the tube-bundles 37 of the condensers 36, thereby condensing and depositing in the compartments.
• each compartment 32 has respective discharge tubes 38 at the end close to the connections 34, with free ends equipped with automatic valves 39
• the valves 39 are normally closed during the suction operation and automatically open when each vacuum chamber 1 5 is opened and vacuum is released, for the hides P to be laid on the surface 1 3.
• the condensate discharging tubes 38 and their respective automatic valves 38 are slidingly accommodated in two substantially vertical downpipes are arranged at the sides of the table 12 to prevent reevaporation of the separated condensate.
• each suction manifold 1 3 is directly mounted to one of the uprights of the bearing structure 2, particularly to the upright 4, and near the tables 1 2, to minimize the length of the connection tubing 31 .
• connection tubing 31 may be low- rigidity flexible tubes formed with wear-resistant materials, to allow bending with a small bending radius and reduction of the distance between the inlet and outlet connections, to limit the length of the suction circuit, the volume of the vapor to be drawn and the time required for evacuation of the suction chambers 1 5, with a consequent higher suction capacity and higher efficiency of the plant.
• connection tubing may be rigid or semirigid, and have, for example sleeve-type bellow expansion joints, for selective alignment with connections or apertures formed in the tables at the compartments, not shown.
• the vacuum means 26, the vapor manifolds 30, the suction circuit, the oleodynamic and hydraulic stations 1 6 and 1 7 are all stably mounted to the bearing structure 2 within the ground projection of the body, to reduce the overall plan dimensions of the drier.
• the pumps 27, 28, the oleodynamic and hydraulic stations 1 6, 1 7, as well as the control switchboard 29 are mounted to the lattice truss T above the cover 7, whose top surface defines a walking surface for any required maintenance of all the stations and control means.
• the pump unit 27, 28 is connected to the vapor manifold 30 via suction pipes 35 integral with the upright 4.
• Each vapor manifold 30 is substantially vertical and has a plurality of connections 41 evenly arranged along its vertical extent, for the connection tubing 31 .
• each suction tube 35 is also substantially vertical and has a cyclone condensate separator 42 at its bottom and, which is connected to a condensate collection vessel 43
• vertical suction tubes 35 are connected to the pump unit 26 by a horizontal tubes 44, 45.
• the columns 8, 9 are made up of two parts, an upper part 8', 9' and a lower part 8", 9", which are joined by connections 46, the upper part 8', 9' being removable and the lower part 8", 9" being integral with the base 66.
• the drier may be prepared for transportation by dismantling the upper part 8', 9' of the columns, packing all the tables 1 2 on the base 6, placing thereon the cover 7 and monolithic lattice truss 7', with the pump units and the various stations and control means, while keeping all the circuits and tubes connected and avoiding any disassembly and later assembly operations.
• this assembly In case of maritime transport, this assembly will be generally placed in a case, whereas the upper part of the columns, the guard and all the accessories may be placed in a separate container.
• the assembly composed of the base, the table pack, the cover and the truss with the various auxiliary and control units, stations and circuits will be protected by a plastic package in turn covered by the sheet, whereas the upper part of the columns, the guard and other accessories will be arranged to in a special transport vehicle.
• On-site assembly will only consist in assembling the columns, restoring the guides and mounting the external guard, which will afford about 35% shorter installation times.
• the drier of the invention is susceptible of a number of changes and variants, within the inventive principle disclosed in the appended claims. All the details thereof may be replaced by other technically equivalent parts, and the materials may vary depending on different needs, without departure from the scope of the invention.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
• Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
• Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=48703759

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2013
  • 2013-05-17 IT IT000138A patent/ITVI20130138A1/it unknown
  • 2013-06-28 PL PL13762564T patent/PL2922974T3/pl unknown
  • 2013-06-28 SI SI201330648T patent/SI2922974T1/sl unknown
  • 2013-06-28 RS RS20170493A patent/RS55973B1/sr unknown
  • 2013-06-28 KR KR1020147031216A patent/KR101950547B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2013-06-28 WO PCT/IB2013/055338 patent/WO2014184621A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2013-06-28 CN CN201380020466.1A patent/CN104321445B/zh active Active
  • 2013-06-28 EP EP13762564.6A patent/EP2922974B9/de active Active
  • 2013-06-28 BR BR112014028272-2A patent/BR112014028272B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2013-06-28 ES ES13762564.6T patent/ES2626449T3/es active Active
  • 2013-06-28 PT PT137625646T patent/PT2922974T/pt unknown
  • 2013-08-09 CN CN201320485258.6U patent/CN203474815U/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2014
  • 2014-12-10 IN IN10519DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN10519A/en unknown
• 2017
  • 2017-05-23 HR HRP20170771TT patent/HRP20170771T1/hr unknown

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events