EP2908010A2 - Tige de piston pour compresseurs à pistons et compresseur à pistons - Google Patents

Tige de piston pour compresseurs à pistons et compresseur à pistons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2908010A2
EP2908010A2 EP15151804.0A EP15151804A EP2908010A2 EP 2908010 A2 EP2908010 A2 EP 2908010A2 EP 15151804 A EP15151804 A EP 15151804A EP 2908010 A2 EP2908010 A2 EP 2908010A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
piston rod
cavity
solid
filled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15151804.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2908010B1 (fr
EP2908010A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Hoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neuman & Esser & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Neuman & Esser & Co KG GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neuman & Esser & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Neuman & Esser & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP2908010A2 publication Critical patent/EP2908010A2/fr
Publication of EP2908010A3 publication Critical patent/EP2908010A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2908010B1 publication Critical patent/EP2908010B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/144—Adaptation of piston-rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0022—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons piston rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/08—Cooling; Heating; Preventing freezing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston rod for reciprocating compressors, which has a base body with a piston-facing end, a piston-remote end and at least one cavity. Furthermore, the invention relates to a piston compressor with such a piston rod.
  • compressors and in particular reciprocating compressors are used for the compression of liquids or gases.
  • compressors with oil lubrication are preferably used.
  • This oil lubrication has the task of producing predominantly hydrodynamic tribological contact between the sliding partners on the piston and guide rings and on the sealing rings of the piston rod seal. By this tribological contact very low rates of wear of these sealing elements can be achieved. Thus, service life of lubricated machines of over 25,000 hours without significant wear can be achieved.
  • oil lubrication there is a risk that lubricants are dissolved in the gases or liquids to be compressed. Consequently, the oil-lubricated compressors are unsuitable for sensitive media such as those used in the food industry or in the medical field.
  • sealing elements are used for example in the DE 10 2006 015 327 B9 described.
  • materials for piston rod seals mainly plastics, for example, filled polymers enforced.
  • a commonly used polymer material is, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • Solids such as amorphous carbon, graphite, glass fibers, metals, ceramics or solid lubricants are incorporated into the PTFE matrix.
  • a plurality of piston rod sealing rings at least two in the axial direction, arranged one behind the other and form a sealing element set, which is also referred to as a seal pack.
  • the sealing rings of the piston rod seal are in the so-called gasket, which is also referred to as stuffing box arranged.
  • the chambers of the packing are usually cooled with water. However, the cooling is not very effective because a process gas located between the contact surface and the chambers prevents good heat flow.
  • DE-PS 340 086 discloses a piston rod for double-acting internal combustion engines, which has a central bore and a number lying in the vicinity of the surface of the rod bores, so that the surface is cooled by a coolant flowing through the bores.
  • this device has the disadvantage that connections for the coolant flowing through must be provided on the piston rod. Furthermore, a circulating pump must be operated permanently during operation, which pumps the coolant through the piston rod. Both the connections, as well as the pump increase the cost and maintenance of such cooled piston rods. Furthermore, an unnoticed failure of the circulation pump leads to an immediate increase in the temperature of the piston rod and, consequently, damage to the same. Thus, the functionality of the circulation pump must be constantly monitored during operation, which is also associated with increased costs and time.
  • a piston rod which has at least one coolant supply channel and at least one coolant discharge channel.
  • the piston rod has an axial blind bore and at least adestoffzu 1500kanal and the at least onedestoffab technologicalkanal are each arranged laterally to this blind bore.
  • the blind bore results in a reduction in weight, so that when the piston rod is operated horizontally it is intended to reduce friction and thus reduce wear.
  • the piston rod according to the invention for reciprocating compressors has a base body with a piston-facing end, a piston-remote end and at least one cavity.
  • the piston rod is characterized that the cavity is filled with a solid whose specific thermal conductivity is greater than that of the main body.
  • Under the piston-facing end of the body is understood to be the end of the piston rod, which has the smallest distance to the piston when installed in a compressor.
  • the end remote from the piston represents the opposite end of the piston, which is connectable via a connecting portion in particular with a crosshead.
  • the piston rod may have exactly one cavity which is filled with solids. It is preferred to provide at least two solid cavities.
  • piston rods made of a single material can be dissipated by the filling of the cavity in the body with a solid which has a higher specific thermal conductivity compared to the body, the resulting at the contact point between piston rod seal and piston rod heat energy significantly faster from the seal packing area , The forming within the piston rod temperature gradient between the end facing the piston and the end facing away from the piston is thus significantly reduced compared to the prior art. Consequently, the non-piston end has an elevated temperature so that the heat energy can be dissipated more quickly and effectively by convection to the environment. This allows a much more efficient cooling of the seals of the piston rod seal against piston rods of a single material.
  • the piston rods filled with a solid have a significantly simplified construction. Additional peripherals, such as a pump, are not necessary. Even complex connection constructions for liquid transport are eliminated. Thus, the filled with solid piston rods on a significantly reduced production and maintenance costs and a concomitant cost reduction while good cooling of the piston rod.
  • the piston rod therefore preferably has no cavities for the passage of cooling liquids or internals, such. Pipes, for the passage of coolant. Also, with the exception of vent holes, the piston rod may not have any e.g. chambers filled with air, in particular between the solid and the base body, since such chambers would impair the thermal conductivity of the entire piston rod.
  • the filled with the solid cavity is limited by the body. This means that the solid rests against the base body, whereby the heat energy to be dissipated can be absorbed and discharged directly by the solid.
  • Closure means for the cavity e.g. are arranged in the filling opening for the solid, and optionally provided vents, which are provided on the cavity.
  • the formation of the transfer film is favorably influenced by tribochemical processes between the sealing rings and the piston rod.
  • the wear rate decreases, whereby the life of the sealing rings and thus the entire piston compressor is extended.
  • the specific thermal conductivity of the solid is> 75 W / (m ⁇ k), particularly preferably> 100 W / (m ⁇ k) and in particular> 200 W / (m ⁇ k).
  • piston rod seals can be cooled much more effectively with high thermal conductivity. It is achieved a significantly improved cooling compared to piston rods, which consist of only a homogeneous body.
  • the solid consists of at least one material selected from the group copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, silver and silver alloy.
  • the solid may consist of one of the mentioned materials or else of a mixture of the materials.
  • Both copper, aluminum, silver, and their alloys are each characterized by high thermal conductivity.
  • copper has a thermal conductivity of 400 W / (m ⁇ K), aluminum of 235 W / (m ⁇ K) and silver of 430 W / (m ⁇ K). Due to the relatively high thermal conductivity and the favorable material price, in particular copper or a copper alloy is preferred as a solid.
  • the body can be filled quickly, effectively and inexpensively with the respective solids.
  • the base body has at least one cavity, which is filled with the solid, preferably completely.
  • the main body can be prepared in advance independently of the solid and then filled with the desired solid. The thermal properties can thus be adapted to different requirement profiles of the piston rod.
  • the solid is preferably melted and poured in the liquid state into the cavity.
  • the solid can also be pressed directly into the cavity.
  • a cavity is advantageous, which extends from the end facing the piston at least partially up to the piston end remote from the base body.
  • the piston-facing end is closer to the piston rod seal than the piston-remote end. It is therefore advantageous if the cavity with the solid also begins at this end of the piston rod and extends from there in the direction of the piston-remote end, wherein the cavity does not have to extend completely to this end. The heat energy can be further dissipated from the gasket area the longer this cavity is, which in turn improves the cooling process. It is therefore advantageous if: L H ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ L G , in particular L H ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ L G , where L H denotes the length of the cavity and L G denotes the length of the main body. Preferably, L H ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ L G, and more preferably L H ⁇ 0.75 ⁇ L G.
  • L H L F , where L F denotes the length of the solid-filled cavity section.
  • L F denotes the length of the solid-filled cavity section.
  • L F ⁇ 0.3 L G in particular L F ⁇ 0.5 L G.
  • L F ⁇ 0.6 L G and more preferably L F ⁇ 0.75 L G.
  • the length L F of the solid filled cavity portion extends at least the length of the contact portion of the piston rod contacted by the piston rod seal upon reciprocation of the piston rod.
  • the volume of the cavity and thus the volume of the solid at full filling of the cavity is at least 25%, more preferably at least 50% of the volume of the entire piston rod.
  • the volume of the solid is preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 25%, in particular at least 50%, of the volume of the entire piston rod. The more solid contained in the body, the faster the heat is dissipated.
  • the cavity is in a further advantageous embodiment, a cylindrical cavity, for whose radius R H preferably applies: R H ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ R G , where R G is the radius of the main body of the piston rod.
  • R H preferably applies: R H ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ R G , where R G is the radius of the main body of the piston rod.
  • R G is the radius of the main body of the piston rod.
  • Piston rods for reciprocating compressors generally have a round cross-section. This cross-section allows optimal distribution of force and load within the piston rod. A cylindrical cavity within this piston rod has no significant influence on these load distributions, so that the mechanical stability of the piston rod is only slightly impaired by the cavity. Furthermore, a cylindrical cavity in the piston rod can be easily realized by, for example, a bore. An advantageous embodiment therefore provides that the cavity is a blind hole.
  • the blind hole is preferably introduced from the piston-facing end into the piston rod.
  • the bore ends before the end facing away from the piston, so that only one inlet opening into the cavity, but no outlet opening is formed.
  • a cavity, which is formed by a blind hole, can be produced quickly and inexpensively, on the other hand, this cavity can also be easily filled with the solid.
  • the cavity of the piston rod is closed in a likewise advantageous embodiment of the piston-facing end by means of a connecting pin for the piston.
  • a connecting pin for the piston for example, a thread is cut in or on the end facing the piston, so that the connection pin can be screwed into or screwed into the piston rod.
  • This embodiment allows for quick assembly of the piston rod to the piston.
  • the closure of the cavity protects the solid from external environmental influences. In particular, a favored by the high temperatures oxidation is prevented. This could possibly have negative effects on, for example, the thermal conductivity of the solid.
  • the main body of the piston rod has a cavity, for example in the form of a blind hole, this cavity is preferably provided in the longitudinal axis of the piston rod.
  • the main body of the piston rod has two or more cavities which are each filled with a solid, then these cavities can be filled with the same or with different solids.
  • the cavities preferably extend parallel to one another and / or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod through the base body.
  • the cavities are preferably arranged on a circle about the longitudinal axis of the base body, preferably evenly distributed.
  • Two or more cavities within the body have the advantage that they can be arranged closer to the surface of the piston rod, without affecting the stability of the piston rod negative.
  • the cavities may be cylindrical and arranged side by side. It is also possible to provide annular cavities which are arranged concentrically. Concentric cavities may also be combined with a cylindrical cavity in the longitudinal axis of the piston rod.
  • the base body has at least one vent opening.
  • This at least one vent opening is preferably formed as a vent hole and preferably extends from the piston end remote from the cavity completely through the main body of the piston rod to the outside.
  • the vent hole may be arranged parallel or perpendicular to the cavity and / or to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod.
  • a venting opening is preferably arranged on each cavity.
  • a vent opening offers the further advantage that the risk of air inclusions during the filling process of the at least one cavity with the solid is greatly reduced. Consequently, the filling process of the cavity simplified, which in turn allows a shorter and more cost-effective production of the piston rod.
  • the invention in addition to a piston rod, relates to a reciprocating compressor having a piston and a piston cylinder having an unlubricated piston rod seal.
  • This piston compressor is characterized in that the piston is connected to a piston rod according to claim 1.
  • the piston rod seal contacts a contact portion on the piston rod due to the reciprocating motion of the piston rod.
  • a solid filled cavity portion extends at least over the contact portion.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a reciprocating compressor 10.
  • the reciprocating compressor 10 has a cylinder 11 which is closed at a first end 11a and at a second end 11b has an opening 18 for the passage of a piston rod 20.
  • a piston 12 In the interior of the cylinder 11, a piston 12 is arranged to be movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the compressor 10.
  • the piston 12 has piston seals 17 and a connection pin 15, which connects the piston 12 with the piston rod 20.
  • the connecting pin 15 extends through the piston 12 and is connected to the piston 12 with a first end 15a. With a second end 15 b of the connecting pin 15 is fixed to the piston rod 20.
  • the piston rod 20 has a piston-facing end 20a and a piston-remote end 20b, wherein the piston-facing end 20a is connected to the connecting pin 15.
  • the piston rod 20 has a base body 21 made of a steel material with a connecting portion 22 to which a crosshead (not shown) can be attached.
  • the main body 21 is partially filled with a solid 26, which has a higher thermal conductivity than the material of the main body 21.
  • the piston rod 20 a cavity 24 which is formed as a blind hole 23 and which is filled with the solid 26.
  • the main body 21 of the piston rod 20 extends through a second end 11 b of the cylinder 11 arranged piston rod seal 13, the plurality of sealing chambers 13 a-f with sealing rings 14, which consist for example of PTFE. It is an unlubricated piston rod seal 13, which forms in operation between the sealing rings 14 and the base 21 of the piston rod 20 of the above-explained transfer film.
  • the solid filling extends from the piston-facing end 20a to the connecting portion 22, so that not only the contact portion 28 of the piston rod 20, which is contacted during the reciprocation of the piston rod of the piston rod seal 13, but also the exposed portion of the piston rod 20th between the contact portion 28 and the connecting portion 22 is filled with solid such as copper or a copper alloy.
  • solid such as copper or a copper alloy.
  • FIG. 2a In the FIG. 2a is the one in the FIG. 1 contained piston rod 20, which has a length L G , shown enlarged with the connecting pin 15 in section.
  • the blind hole 23 which is located in the longitudinal axis L of the piston rod 20 and has been introduced from the end 20a facing the piston in the main body 21 of the piston rod 20.
  • the blind bore 23 has the length L H and extends to the front of the connecting portion 22.
  • L F the length of the cavity 26 filled with solids cavity portion 24 'is designated.
  • Both L H and L F are ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ L G.
  • the solid 26 By means of the cavity opening 27 located at the end facing the piston 20a, the solid 26 is introduced into the cavity 24 formed by the blind bore 23. After filling with solid 26, the cavity opening 27 is closed by means of the connecting pin 15. The cavity 24 is completely filled with the solid 26 except for the area where the connecting pin 15 is arranged.
  • an internal thread 25 is provided on the inside of the main body 21 of the piston rod 20 at the end 20a facing the piston, and an external thread 16 corresponding to the internal thread 25 is provided on the outside of the second end 15b of the connecting pin 15.
  • a piston rod 20 is shown, in addition to the already in FIG. 2a described cavity 24 of the piston rod 20 has a vent opening 29a.
  • This vent opening 29a is formed as a vent hole and facilitates the filling of the cavity 24 with the solid 26, since the excess air can escape from the cavity 24 through this vent hole.
  • the vent bore extends parallel to the longitudinal axis L and in particular on the longitudinal axis L from the end of the cavity 24 to the piston end facing away from the piston rod 20. In the illustration shown here is also in the vent bore of the solid 26th
  • FIG. 3 is a section along the line AA through the in FIG. 2a shown piston rod 20 which has a cylindrical base body 21.
  • R H1 the radius of the blind hole 23 and thus the radius of the cavity 24 is referred to.
  • R G is the radius of the cylindrical body 21, where R H1 > 0.5 ⁇ R G.
  • the main body 21 may also other cross-sections such. B. rectangular or oval. Also, a plurality of blind holes 23 can be introduced into the main body 21, which are filled with solid 26.
  • FIG. 4 is like in the FIG. 1 a piston compressor 10 is shown. Unlike the FIG. 1 has the piston rod 20 of the FIG. 4 two cavities 24, which are each filled with a solid 26. Furthermore, a vent 29b is arranged in each case at the piston end remote from the cavities 24. These vent openings 29b preferably extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L through the main body 21 of the piston rod 20th
  • FIG. 5 In the FIG. 5 is the piston rod 20, which has a length L G , with the connecting pin 15 in section, similar to FIG. 2 represented.
  • the blind holes 23 In contrast to the piston rod 20 off FIG. 2 are in the main body of the piston rod 20 of the FIG. 5 two cavities 24 in the form of blind holes 23, which have been introduced from the piston-facing end 20a in the main body 21 of the piston rod 20.
  • the blind holes 23 each have the length L H and extend parallel to each other to the front of the connecting portion 22.
  • the solid-filled cavity portion 24 ' of the cavity 24 has a length L F. It is also possible for the blind bores 23 to extend into the connecting section 22. In addition, the lengths of the two blind holes 23 may be the same or different.
  • At the ends of the cavities 24 facing away from the piston in each case at least one ventilation opening 29b is arranged in the form of a ventilation bore. These extend, as already in connection with the FIG. 4 has been explained, preferably from the cavity 24 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L completely through the main body 21 of the piston rod 20.
  • the vent holes contain no solids 26th
  • each cavity 24 can be filled with the same but also with different solids 26.
  • the cavity opening 27 is closed by means of the connecting pin 15.
  • an internal thread 25 and on the outside of the second end 15b of the connecting pin 15 to the internal thread 25 corresponding external thread 16 is provided.
  • FIG. 6 is a section along the line BB through the in FIG. 5 shown piston rod 20 which has a cylindrical base body 21.
  • the two cavities 24 are arranged off-center and close to the surface of the main body 21.
  • R H2 respectively, the radius of the cavities 24 and thus the radius of the blind holes 23 is referred to. This radius may be identical or different for each blind hole 23.
  • R G is the radius of the cylindrical basic body 21, wherein in the case where the radii R H2 of the blind bores 23 are equal: 2 ⁇ R H2 > 0.5 ⁇ R G.
  • the blind-hole bores 23 have different radii R H2 , the following applies preferably: the sum of the radii R H2 > 0.5 R G.
  • the main body 21 may also other cross-sections such. B. rectangular or oval.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
EP15151804.0A 2014-01-28 2015-01-20 Tige de piston pour compresseurs à pistons et compresseur à pistons Active EP2908010B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014201473.5A DE102014201473A1 (de) 2014-01-28 2014-01-28 Kolbenstange für kolbenkompressoren und kolbenkompressor

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2908010A2 true EP2908010A2 (fr) 2015-08-19
EP2908010A3 EP2908010A3 (fr) 2015-10-21
EP2908010B1 EP2908010B1 (fr) 2018-05-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9869312B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2908010B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104806474B (fr)
BR (1) BR102015001966A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2879038C (fr)
DE (1) DE102014201473A1 (fr)
IN (1) IN2015DE00199A (fr)

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EA029820B1 (ru) * 2016-01-27 2018-05-31 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Тегас" Поршень составной на три ступени сжатия
CN107308708A (zh) * 2017-06-27 2017-11-03 蔡兵 催化油浆过滤器
JP7009238B2 (ja) * 2018-01-31 2022-01-25 株式会社神戸製鋼所 往復動圧縮機
CN110481528B (zh) 2018-10-24 2020-11-06 京西重工（上海）有限公司 液压控制单元
DE102022001448A1 (de) 2022-04-14 2023-10-19 Borsig Zm Compression Gmbh Kolbenverdichter

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DE340086C (de) 1920-09-19 1921-09-01 Hans Henrik Blache Kolbenstange fuer doppelt wirkende Verbrennungsmotoren
DE521491C (de) 1930-09-24 1931-03-21 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Gekuehlte Kolbenstange fuer doppelt wirkende Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere Zweitaktdieselmaschinen
CH163967A (de) 1932-12-10 1933-09-15 Sulzer Ag Kolbenstange, in der Kühlwasser durch ineinander angeordnete Rohre zum Kolben und zurückgeführt wird, insbesondere für doppeltwirkende Brennkraftmaschinen.
DE19901868B4 (de) 1999-01-19 2007-07-26 Wieland-Werke Ag Kolbenstange einer Druckgießmaschine
DE102006015327B4 (de) 2006-03-30 2010-02-25 Stasskol Kolbenstangendichtungen Gmbh Kolbenstangendichtring

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US9869312B2 (en) 2018-01-16
DE102014201473A1 (de) 2015-07-30
CN104806474B (zh) 2018-01-30
CN104806474A (zh) 2015-07-29
CA2879038A1 (fr) 2015-07-28
IN2015DE00199A (fr) 2015-07-31
US20150211514A1 (en) 2015-07-30
BR102015001966A2 (pt) 2016-04-19
CA2879038C (fr) 2017-07-04
EP2908010B1 (fr) 2018-05-23
EP2908010A3 (fr) 2015-10-21

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