EP2906873B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verstärkung der verbrennung fester brennstoffe in einen kamin - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verstärkung der verbrennung fester brennstoffe in einen kamin Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2906873B1
EP2906873B1 EP13844960.8A EP13844960A EP2906873B1 EP 2906873 B1 EP2906873 B1 EP 2906873B1 EP 13844960 A EP13844960 A EP 13844960A EP 2906873 B1 EP2906873 B1 EP 2906873B1
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Prior art keywords
burning
fire chamber
flow
combustion air
fuel
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EP13844960.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2906873A1 (de
EP2906873A4 (de
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Jouko Kettunen
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
    • F24B1/197—Hearths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
    • A61H33/06—Artificial hot-air or cold-air baths; Steam or gas baths or douches, e.g. sauna or Finnish baths
    • A61H33/063—Heaters specifically designed therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for intensifying the burning of solid fuels in a fireplace and a device for applying the method.
  • solid fuels such as wood or other materials including gasifiable components and carbon
  • solid fuels such as wood or other materials including gasifiable components and carbon
  • a fuel filling is put in the fireplace, the filling is lit and the fireplace starts to heat up gradually along with the lighting of wood, the burning proceeds to the gasifying stage and char burning of fuels, such as e.g. pieces of wood.
  • the quality of wood and its setting in the fireplace varies.
  • the way of lighting, the control of combustion air, draught, and some other factors the quality of the burning process varies.
  • the draught is weak in the smoke flue due to the weather, other environmental factors, low pressure in the indoor air or some other reason, smoke can even come inside.
  • Heating devices provided with a fire chamber often have a large mass which is used for storing heat. They heat up slowly and first give heat slowly to the surroundings.
  • the reason for this problem is usually the fact that the temperature in the fire chamber does not increase quickly enough to a good burning temperature or the temperature in the fire chamber has no prerequisites to increase suitably high for good burning in any stage of burning. This can be due to the great and quick heat absorption of stone material surfaces or metal or water surfaces. The heat-absorbing capacity of the surfaces is so good that heat is absorbed to it at a greater speed than it is formed. Thus, temperature close to the surface only increases so much as the heating of burning material and the flame enables. And it is nowhere near enough to the temperature enabling good burning. For instance, wood starts to gasify in about 200°C. The temperature which enables good burning is quite high; carbon monoxide does not start to burn until in the temperature of about 700°C.
  • Another factor which affects by hindering burning is the quick flow of combustion air through the fire chamber.
  • the flow continuously brings new cool air to the burning surroundings, even inside the flames, thus cooling them effectively.
  • the flow takes with it formed heat, transfers it from the burning section elsewhere in the surroundings of the fire chamber, to the flue and even outside.
  • the quick flow of air caused by draught provides an accelerating flow the boundary of which to the stationary or slower-moving air becomes harder and tighter, which further hinders swirling and mixing which are a prerequisite for good burning.
  • a turbulent flow is whirling.
  • a pressure-based flow is often turbulent.
  • Another type is a laminar flow which causes the mainly parallel transfer of materials, and its speed and extent can vary. This is based on suction or underpressure which causes it.
  • An object of the invention is to introduce a method for intensifying the burning of wood and other fuels including gasifiable components and carbon in a fireplace as well as a device and means for applying the method, which eliminate disadvantages related to current methods, devices and means.
  • a particular object of the invention is to introduce a method and a device which improve the burning of fuel in the fire chamber.
  • the burning of gases in it is separated from the burning of solid carbon in the fuel by releasing gases from the fuel by means of heat and by conveying them to a uniform, planar flow of combustion air in the top part of the fire chamber, where they are burned. Then during burning, combustion air is not supplied amongst or is not allowed directly to the fuel, but only heat is used for releasing the gases.
  • combustion air of combustion gases is conveyed after lighting only to the top part of the fire chamber, from gaps opening from air channels being all around in its sides in the top part, directed at the middle on top of the flames as a planar flow supporting itself on the top surface of the fire chamber, becoming denser as it moves forward, whereby the flames when rising upwards in the fire chamber hit the flow, are cut along with rising becoming merged to it for its every part, and the combustion gases are removed to an exit opening in the crown of the fire chamber being in the middle of said crown and from there to an afterburner, the inside volume of which is greater than the volume flow of holes of inlet flow entering from the exit opening, whereby the flow and the whirl first become quicker and then slow down, heavier particles of the gas flow first fly on the edges of the afterburner and turn to the slow flow directed downwards and lighter particles of the gas flow move slower and along a different route and at a different pace downwards than the heavier particles of the flow.
  • the partially insulated structure and the little heat-absorbing material of the inner surface of the fire chamber enable a quick increase of temperature to high in connection with lighting, whereby heat releases gasifiable particles of the fuel thus helping the bonds of the gasified fuel to open and transform into a form which burns better.
  • Char is burned separately by a method based on time or section, thus conveying the main part of combustion air from below chars amongst them.
  • heat affects the fuels, heat provides the release of gases separated from char burning and the mixing of burning gases to a uniform combustion air flow. This and variation in pressure ratios together achieve good burning.
  • char remaining of the fuel after gas burning is burned separately, in batch-burning devices, in the fireplace or, in continuous-burning fireplaces, in a separate section provided for char burning, whereby at the start of char burning the inlet of combustion air going through the gap in the top part is decreased and combustion air is supplied from below and through the chars increasing combustion air when the temperature increases in the chars and intensifies their burning.
  • a burner provided with narrow, directed inlet openings increases the speed and direction of the gas flow, directing the flow from different directions to a rising whirl in the middle, whereby intense coarse mixing occurs in it.
  • the whirl collides with the top part thus spreading and directing downwards.
  • buoyancy caused by heat causes differences in pace in the particles of the gas flow. When flowing in different paces, molecules and atoms collide with each other, thus becoming totally oxidised.
  • gas flow turns directing upwards to a channel around the burner at the same time delivering heat to the walls of the channel and exits the afterburner through an opening being in the top middle.
  • Burning can be controlled by monitoring the carbon monoxide content of burning gases. If carbon monoxide occurs in exiting gases during char burning despite of the slow start, it is possible to carefully supply combustion air to the top part of the fire chamber or the afterburner e.g. through the gap in the top part, whereby carbon monoxide will burn out in the afterburner.
  • the release of gasifiable components from fuel occurs by means of heat and their burning is separated from char burning, char is burned in batch-burning devices in a way based on time and in continuous-burning burning devices in a way based on sections separately, gasifiable components first and char after them.
  • the inventive method includes dividing the burning event exactly into two different stages.
  • gasifiable particles of burning material are gasified by means of heat and gas is burned, the burning of which supplies more heat.
  • the second stage remaining char is burned in a way well suited for it by supplying a correct amount of combustion air for chars at the correct point.
  • Another possible way of burning is suitable for continuous-burning fireplaces, which many boilers are.
  • the burning section is divided into different sections.
  • fuel enters to a grate continuing its travel forward there by means of either gravity or inclination according to the progress of burning or transported by the moving grate.
  • combustion air is carefully supplied to the fuel e.g. from below, after that, combustion air is supplied to the gasifying section only through the top part of the fire chamber, directing starting from the gap on the edge along the top part, the crown to the exit channel advantageously being located in its middle or one of the sides.
  • gas releasing from the fuel burns with a hot flame further enhancing gasifying and heat formation.
  • a separating wall or some other suitable obstacle there is another section to which char enters through an opening in the bottom part of the separating wall as the supply process proceeds.
  • combustion air is supplied thus burning the chars all the way effectively.
  • the gasifying section is separated from the char burning section by the separating wall or some other suitable obstacle, such as e.g. a gas curtain, such that chars enter past the wall to their own burning section. It is important that the gases of both burning sections stay on their own sides. Otherwise, they will mix the burning on the other side, and clean burning is not possible.
  • On both sides of the burning section there are their own pressure sensors which control the moving of air by means of suction fans and blowers and the supply and suction on both sides. The pressure sensors observe the pressure levels of the sections such that no significant flow occurs from one side to the other.
  • combustion gases and flames released by heat rise upwards in the fire chamber due to their lightness and buoyancy, mixing into the uniform flow of combustion air thus merging to it as they hit it.
  • Various burning compounds and atoms and molecules of combustion gases always hit the oxygen-rich fresh flow of combustion air, mix to it well and burn out.
  • Combustion air in gas burning is controlled totally from the edges of the top part of the fire chamber, from a narrow gap, to be directed advantageously to the middle such that a thin, unbroken planar flow is formed which supports itself of its top side to the level ceiling of the fire chamber, flowing from different sides to the exit opening advantageously located in the middle.
  • the flow directed to the middle partially accelerates of its speed, at the same time, the flow thickens as its volume and area decrease.
  • a gap or gaps entering from a combustion air channel or channels the direction of which is along the bottom surface of the top part of the fireplace towards an exit opening advantageously in the middle section. From the exit opening, the flow channel extends to the afterburner being above.
  • the inner surface of the fire chamber is of heat-resistant material having a low heat capacity, and there is a heat insulator layer behind it which decelerates the transfer of heat from the fireplace to the other structures of the fireplace and the medium of heat transfer.
  • a grate or a char basket inside the grate and an adjustable supply mechanism of combustion air, such as a tight ash box or a damper.
  • the burning section has two parts, at the inlet end of fuel on top of the grate there is a section for fuel entering, warming, heating up and gasifying and on the top part of that section a gap circulates its edges in which from the edges combustion air is supplied as a planar flow to the middle towards an exit opening for gas burning.
  • a separating wall or some other suitable obstacle which separates the different burning events from each other and prevents different combustion gases from mixing to each other.
  • chars are able to transfer to the char burning section, and it features a control mechanism which includes pressure sensors on both sides of the fire chamber, suction and pressure blowers controlled by them, which control the travel of gases in the fireplace keeping the pressure level the same on both sides the fireplace, in the gas burning and char burning section, and preventing the flow of gases occurring under the separating wall.
  • a fixed inclined grate or a moving grate having one or more parts as the base of fuel and transferring it from one stage to another and the operation of which is controlled and driven by sensors and actuators monitoring the burning as it proceeds.
  • a supply mechanism of combustion air is connected to the grate or the base by means of which combustion air is arranged to be supplied below and amongst chars.
  • the amount of burning and heat formed is controlled by the batching of fuel on the grate and by adjusting the moving speed of the grate.
  • the first end of a two-part grate is in the gasifying section as a receiver, base and forward transferer of fuel.
  • At the point of char burning there is the second part of the grate below and inside of which there are a combustion-air supply apparatus and channels for supplying combustion air to chars.
  • the different parts of the grate having two or more parts move independently such that their moving can be controlled based on signals given by sensors monitoring the progress of burning, according to the requirements of the progress of burning. It enables a more extensive power-adjustment range and cleaner burning such that both sections, the gas burning and the char burning sections, burn out the fuel entering the section.
  • the fireplace should also be designed such that its structures enable sufficiently quick rising of temperature in places necessary for burning, such as in the fire chamber, the heat formed is recovered in the other structures of the fireplace.
  • the so-called batch-burning mode is common. It means charging the fire chamber with fuel, lighting it and burning it for the most part before adding fuel or burning the chars. A batch of fuel is burned at a time.
  • the batch-burning mode most suitable is the division based on time for burning gasifiable components and, on the other hand, char.
  • the structure of the fireplace must be such that the supply of air can be controlled accurately based on requirements.
  • the inner structure of the fire chamber includes a top part all around the edges of which there is a supply gap of combustion air opening from air channels which controls the flow of combustion air from the air channels along the bottom surface of the top part as planar towards the exit opening in the middle section. It is important that the flow remains planar, thin and laminar of its nature.
  • the flow can be continuously uniform and even small side flows are not released from it which could possibly go amongst the fuel, but it is continuously ready to receive burning gases.
  • the atoms and molecules of burning materials rise to the flow of combustion air, there are continuously fresh oxygen atoms to receive them.
  • the rising gases and flames as turbulent meet the planar flow, they as if become cut, merge into it and the oxidation, i.e. burning, is effective.
  • the earlier notion of the importance of a turbulent flow in connection with mixing does not operate here properly.
  • a planar top part is an advantageous shape of the top part, but it is possible to use also other shapes, however such that there is a uniform support on top of the planar flow which enables the flow remaining uniform.
  • the inner surface material inside the fire chamber is material having a low heat capacity as is the heat insulation layer below it.
  • the insulation layer is dimensioned according to its heat production capacity such that, after lighting, the temperature of the fire chamber starts to rise quickly. Hence, it is possible to reach good burning temperature quickly.
  • the insulation layer should still be thin enough in order for the heat transfer speed in a higher temperature to the other structure of the fireplace to increase thus preventing the fire chamber from heating up too much and to be damaged due to too high a temperature. It is advantageous that the height of the fire chamber is quite small, in a batch-burning device about 0.8-1.2 times the width of the fire chamber such that the radiation heat of flames burning in the top part will heat up and gasify the fuel.
  • An advantageous distribution of the burning section is for gas burning about 2/3 and for char burning about 1/3 of the length of the grate.
  • the shape of the bottom side of the top surface of the fire chamber can be planar, straight, sloping or inclined into one or more directions directed at the exit opening which can be e.g. on top or on the side, still such that the principle presented in the claims of a planar laminar flow of combustion air and of flames and gases rising to it will be realised.
  • the device also includes a suitably insulated afterburner in which the unburned particles of combustion gases mix to combustion air and burn out in a suitable temperature.
  • the parts of the afterburner are an inlet/acceleration section, a conical inlet section provided with directed holes in which the speed of a scattered gas flow increases, its direction changes to uniform and a rising whirl is formed in the middle of the cone which whirl turns from the effect of a ceiling part all around to the sides.
  • the volume of the flow part increases and the speed of the gas flow decreases. Particles of gas flown close to the separating wall fall quickly to the downwards-directed flow, lighter particles of gas flow slower and buoyancy caused by heat affects them more also by decelerating.
  • the method according to the invention resolves some of the problems related to imperfect burning.
  • the method alters the earlier used supply method of combustion air from distributing combustion air amongst burning material and gases into batching combustion air to a continuous whole flow of air such that the gas flow and flames will be cut and as if merge to it of their each part simultaneously as they meet it. Then, the interiors of flames will not be lacking the effect of oxygen but all atoms and molecules can possible react with oxygen by burning.
  • a prerequisite for it is that there are no separate carbon atoms amongst gas entering oxygen-rich combustion air.
  • gasifiable components in fuel are burned by releasing gasifiable components first from the fuel by means of heat. Heat also incurs the reaction of oxygen possibly in the fuel with burning gases and, then, less extra oxygen is required. When no oxygen at all is added to the fuel layer during gas burning, the burning components gasify and solid char remains.
  • char burning is started by decreasing the supply of combustion air in the top part of the fire chamber and by carefully opening the supply of combustion air from below chars to flow through chars. According to the increase in the temperature of char burning, the supply of combustion air can be increased. Then if there is carbon monoxide in the exiting flow, there is too much air at the beginning in relation to the heating speed of chars.
  • a problem of the burning of fuels is the variation in reactions between exothermic reactions releasing heat and endothermic reactions absorbing heat.
  • the carbon monoxide reaction is intense and controls burning for some time in the immediate area and absorbs heat and forms solid carbon at the same time as it cools down its surroundings. The most prolonged burning compounds will not light until in the temperature of over 700°C burning explosively when burning is otherwise accurate.
  • gas burning in wood is separated from the burning of solid carbon in it. No combustion air is supplied directly to fuel, amongst it during burning, but gases are released from wood by means of heat and burned by conveying them to a whole, uniform, planar flow of combustion air in which they all are oxidised well changing into carbon dioxide. After gas burning has stopped, a flow of combustion air is conveyed below chars or, in another embodiment, chars are burned in a different section by conveying combustion air below and amongst them according to requirements.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show a sauna stove according to the invention which is implemented in a way required by the method.
  • an inlet door 1 of a fire chamber 8 is in front of the fire chamber and an air supply shutter 2 at the beginning of an air channel behind the stove.
  • Combustion air gaps 3 in the fire chamber circulate a top part 5 of the fire chamber.
  • An exit opening 4 is in the middle of the fire chamber connecting to other heat-release channels.
  • a route of combustion air is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 by a thick dashed line and arrows.
  • An ash box 6 is tight enabling the supply of combustion air in the first stage only though the gaps 3 in the top part of the fire chamber and, in the second stage, during char burning, after gas burning has stopped, decreasing the supply of combustion air from above from the gaps 3 by adjusting the air supply shutter 2 and directing combustion air to chars from below via the ash box 6 from below a grate 7.
  • the burning of fuel in the stove is intermittent; first, burning gases are released and burned and, after they have burned out, the supply of combustion air is switched to below chars and chars are burned.
  • a second example is a furnace of heating type according to Figs. 3 and 4 .
  • a fire chamber of the furnace includes a door 11 for adding wood to the fire chamber, an inlet door 12 in an outer covering for adding wood and for controlling combustion air and the supply of combustion air from the top part of the fire chamber from edges 13 towards the middle.
  • Inner walls of the fire chamber and a crown 14 of a ceiling part are advantageously of material having a low heat capacity.
  • the furnace includes an exit channel 15, in the bottom part a tight ash box door 16 and a box, above it a grate 17 or a netlike base for chars.
  • the fire chamber is insulated by a heat-resistant insulation 18, insulation circulates its bottom part as a seal 19 and above the fire chamber there is an insulation 20.
  • pieces of wood are put to the fire chamber by opening the inlet door 12 and the door 11 of the fire chamber.
  • Pieces of wood are put in the fire chamber, kindling amongst and on top of the pieces of wood. The kindlings are lit at several points. In the lighting stage, a little combustion air is supplied via the ash box door 16.
  • the burning method is intermittent; first, pieces of wood are lit in the fire chamber, they are let to warm and heat up, heat releases and burns burning gases, after the gas burning has stopped, it is possible to add pieces of wood to the fire chamber without smoke forming or, after gas burning has stopped, the supply of combustion air is decreased from above through the air control parts of the inlet door, the supply of combustion air is changed to below and amongst the chars and the chars are burned, e.g. on top of the grate or in a netlike char basket provided inside or below the grate of the fire chamber.
  • the route of combustion air inside the fire chamber is first adjustably via the inlet door 12 distributing outside the fire chamber between the structure to different sides and via the gap 13 inside the fire chamber from where combustion gases flow advantageously along the top part, the crown of the furnace to the exit channel 15 being in the middle of the crown which channel extends to an afterburner 31.
  • a third example is a continuous-operating boiler shown in Fig. 5 which is implemented with a moving 22 or a fixed inclined grate. Its burning method is different. It is based on various sections. At the beginning of the boiler, there is a section 22 in which fuel enters from a container 21 and in which it starts to move forward and dries up, heats up and gasifies on top of the grate. At the beginning in the gas burning section, no combustion air is supplied below the grate.
  • a separating wall 29 or some other suitable obstacle almost extending to fuels, at the beginning of the fire chamber in the gas burning section in the top part, there is on the edges a narrow opening 23, a gap, opening from the combustion air flues, also at the point of the separating wall 29, from which combustion air enters the fire chamber and is directed as a planar flow along the separating wall of a fire chamber 24 advantageously in the direction of an exit opening 25 being in the middle of the ceiling of the fire chamber.
  • Combustion air is conveyed to the gas burning section of the fire chamber all around only via the gap 23 in the top part. Otherwise, air entering below the grate disturbs the burning process of gases. It lights fire to char and, at the same time, generates separate carbon atoms. They start a carbon monoxide reaction which, when mixed with burning gases, prevents good burning. Behind the separating wall at the end of the fire chamber, there is a section for char burning 27 to which combustion air is supplied from below a grate 26 starting carefully and adjusting along the way in order for no carbon monoxide to occur in exiting combustion gases. There can also be for gases exiting the char burning section the afterburner 31 as an extension of the exit channel 30. Walls 28 and 29 as well as the ceiling 24 of the fire chamber are of material which allows and endures the increase of temperature sufficiently high.
  • a middle part 32, an inlet section, of the afterburner 31 according to Fig. 6 is an upwards expanding and circularly conical part closed of its bottom end on the side of which there are all around wavelike folds parallel in the vertical direction in the side directed in the middle of which there is a row of holes 33.
  • the common size of the holes enables a smaller volume flow than in the other flow section where the speed of the gas flow in the holes increases and a rising whirl 34 is formed in the middle of the cone.
  • the inlet section is open of its top part in the middle and, in the top end of the conical part 32, there is a flange open in the middle the edges of which extent/turn downwards thus forming an interior wall 36.
  • the interior wall 36 is directed from the flange directly downwards at a distance where it turns circularly as a base 37 outwards turning at a distance upwards forming a piece 38 of the shape of a circular cylinder, and the top part turns inwards as if a cover 39 in the middle of which there is an exit opening 40.
  • the volume of the flow section increases, whereby the speed of the gas flow decreases.
  • a ceiling Above the whirl, there is the top part 35 of the cylindrical vessel, a ceiling the edges 44 of which are directed downwards forming an upturned circular vessel-like separating wall all around.
  • Via an circular opening 42 in the bottom part of the side wall 44 the flow turns to rise upwards, rising between the walls 38 and 44 and exiting via the opening 40 in the middle of the ceiling part 39 further to the structures of the heating device.
  • Bernoulli's principle states the interdependency of pressure and flow speed: when speed increases, pressure decreases and vice versa.
  • the phenomenon operates by increasing the speed of the gas flow at the point of the holes and the decrease of volume decreases it at another point.
  • variations in speed change the pressure ratios of flow in the different sections of the afterburner. Variations in pressure have a positive effect on the discharge of molecules in burning and in the forming of new better-burning compounds.
  • the afterburner provided with the narrower directed inlet holes 33 directs the direction of a scattered gas flow to the rising whirl 34 in the middle rotating in the same direction, whereby intense coarse mixing occurs in it.
  • the volume of the inside of the afterburner is larger, whereby the flow and the whirl decelerate, the heavier particles of the gas flow fly first on the edges and turn to a slower flow directed downwards.
  • the effect of centrifugal force on the molecule level sorts out molecules and atoms to a new order and breaks even the last ribbon-like flows which prevent mixing.
  • the remainder is carbon dioxide. If after the start carbon monoxide occurs in exit gases during char burning despite a careful start, it is possible to carefully supply the afterburner with more combustion air from the gap in the top part, whereby it burns out carbon monoxide.
  • the most essential factors are sufficient burning temperature, separating the burning of burning gases and char, the mixing of burning gases and controlling combustion gases up to a uniform planar flow of combustion air and burning the most difficult-to-burn particles in the afterburner. Then, the burning process can proceed to the end without hindrances, and the carbon monoxide will not interrupt or cool it down.

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zur Verstärkung der Verbrennung von festen Brennstoffen in Feuerstellen, in denen Brennstoff erhitzt und in einem Brennraum (8) in Gas verwandelt wird, wobei das Verfahren bei der Verbrennung von Brennstoff das Trennen der Verbrennung von Gasen darin von der Verbrennung von festem Kohlenstoff im Brennstoff umfasst, indem Gase aus dem Brennstoff in dem Brennraum mittels Wärme freigesetzt werden, wobei Verbrennungsluft von Verbrennungsgasen nach dem Anzünden nur in den oberen Teil des Brennraums (8) gefördert wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Luft von Spalten (3, 13, 23), die sich von Luftkanälen aus öffnen, welche sich rund um die Seiten des Brennraums im oberen Teil des Brennraums befinden, gefördert wird, wobei die Luft in die Mitte oben auf die Flammen gelenkt wird als eine ebene Strömung, die sich auf der Bodenfläche des oberen Teils des Brennraums selbst trägt und beim Vorankommen vergrößert, wobei das Verfahren weiter umfasst:
    Entfernen von Verbrennungsgasen zu einer Austrittsöffnung (4, 15, 25) hin, die in der Mitte einer Krone (5, 14, 24) des Brennraums angeordnet ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch das Fördern von Gasen, die den Brennraum verlassen, zu einem Nachbrenner (31), wobei ein Mittelteil (32) des Nachbrenners (31) ein nach oben erweiterter und kreisförmig konischer Teil ist, der an seinem unteren Ende geschlossen ist, an dessen Seiten sich rundherum wellenartige Falten befinden, die an der Seite in der vertikalen Richtung parallel verlaufen, wobei sich in deren Mitte gerichtet eine Reihe von Löchern (33) befindet, wobei die gemeinsame Größe der Löcher einen kleineren Volumenstrom als in dem anderen Strömungsabschnitt des Nachbrenners ermöglicht, wobei
    der konische Teil in seinem oberen Teil in der Mitte offen ist und die Ränder des oberen Teils durch einen horizontalen Flansch mit einer Innenwand (36) verbunden sind, wobei die Innenwand von dem Flansch aus mit einem Abstand nach unten gerichtet ist, wo sie sich kreisförmig nach außen dreht (37) und in einem Abstand nach oben dreht und dabei ein kreiszylindrisches Teil (38) bildet, das sich im oberen Teil nach innen in einen Deckel (39) dreht, in dessen Mitte sich eine Austrittsöffnung (40) befindet, wobei der Nachbrenner im Inneren einen Innenteil (35) aufweist, der die Form eines umgedrehten zylindrischen Behälters hat, in dessen Innerem er einen Kanal für die nach unten gerichtete Strömung aufweist, an dessen Unterseite sich rundherum eine Öffnung (42) befindet, damit eine Strömung ihre Richtung ändert, und sich außen rundherum ein Kanal (45) für eine nach oben gerichtete Strömung befindet, und wobei sich zwischen dem Deckelteil (39) und dem Boden am oberen Ende des Zylinders ein Strömungspfad (41) zu der Austrittsöffnung (40) in der Mitte befindet.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass brennende Holzkohlen von dem brennenden Gas getrennt bleiben, in einer Chargen verbrennenden Feuerstelle im Brennraum (8), auf der Grundlage der zeitbasierten Trennung, wobei in der Chargen verbrennenden Feuerstelle zu Beginn der Verbrennung der Holzkohle die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft durch den Spalt (3, 13) im oberen Teil verringert wird und Verbrennungsluft von unten und durch die Holzkohlen (6, 16) zugeführt wird, und wobei die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft erhöht wird, wenn die Temperatur in den Holzkohlen steigt, und deren Verbrennung verstärkt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbrennung der Holzkohlen von der Verbrennung des Gases getrennt bleibt, in einer kontinuierlich brennenden Feuerstelle, basierend auf unterschiedlichen Abschnitten, wobei
    Holzkohlen in einem eigenen Abschnitt verbrannt werden, der für die Verbrennung von Holzkohle (27) vorgesehen ist,
    Verbrennungsluft von unten und zwischen die Holzkohlen zugeführt wird, und der Zutritt von brennenden Gasen von der anderen Seite zu dem Abschnitt für die Verbrennung der Holzkohle verhindert wird.
  5. Vorrichtung zur Verstärkung der Verbrennung von festen Brennstoffen in Feuerstellen, wobei die Vorrichtung einen Brennraum (8) zum Aufheizen und Verwandeln in Gas von Brennstoff umfasst, wobei sich in dem Brennraum im unteren Teil ein Rost (7, 17) oder im Inneren des Rostes ein Holzkohlenkorb und ein einstellbarer Mechanismus für die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft befindet, wie beispielsweise einen dichter Aschekasten (6, 16) oder eine Lüftungsklappe, wobei
    die Vorrichtung dafür ausgelegt ist, nach dem Anzünden eine Verbrennungsluft von Verbrennungsgasen nur zum oberen Teil des Brennraums (8) zu fördern,
    und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an den Rändern des oberen Teils des Brennraums rundherum ein Spalt (3, 13, 23) verläuft, der von einem Verbrennungsluftkanal bzw. von Verbrennungsluftkanälen herkommt, der in Richtung einer Austrittsöffnung (4, 15, 25) entlang einer Bodenfläche (14, 24) des oberen Teils des Brennraums in dem mittleren Abschnitt ausgerichtet ist, wobei
    die Innenfläche des Brennraums aus hitzebeständigem Material besteht, das eine geringe Wärmekapazität aufweist, und wobei
    sich darin eine Wärmeisolierschicht (18) befindet.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in kontinuierlich brennenden Feuerstellen der Brennabschnitt aus zwei Teilen besteht: am Eintrittsende des Brennstoffs auf einem Rost (22) befindet sich ein Abschnitt für den Brennstoffeintritt, die Erwärmung, die Erhitzung und die Verwandlung in Gas, und im oberen Teil ihres Abschnitts für die Verbrennung von Gas mit einem Abstand, hinter einer Trennwand oder einem anderen geeigneten Hindernis befindet sich ein Abschnitt (27), zu dem sich der Rost erstreckt, sodass der vollständig in Gas verwandelte Brennstoff bzw. die Holzkohle mithilfe der Verbrennungsluft (26), die von unterhalb des Rostes zugeführt wird, verbrennt, nachdem der Prozess diese Stufe erreicht hat.
  7. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich in einem kontinuierlich brennenden Brennraum ein Steuermechanismus befindet, der Drucksensoren an beiden Seiten des Brennraums enthält, in den Abschnitten der Gas- und Holzkohleverbrennung, wobei von ihnen gesteuerte Saug- und Druckgebläse derart angeordnet sind, dass sie die Bewegung der Gase im Brennraum steuern, sodass das Druckniveau auf beiden Seiten des Brennraums gleich bleibt und keine Strömung von Gasen unter der Trennwand auftritt.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich in einer kontinuierlich brennenden Feuerstelle im unteren Teil der geneigte feste oder bewegliche Rost (22, 27) mit einem oder mehreren Teilen als Basis für Brennstoff befindet, die derart ausgelegt sind, dass sie Brennstoff von einer Stufe zur anderen transportieren, wobei ihr Funktion dafür ausgelegt ist, die Sensoren, die die Verbrennung überwachen, entsprechend dem Fortschritt des Brennvorgangs zu steuern und anzusteuern,
    und dass in dem Abschnitt der Holzkohleverbrennung der Rost oder der andere Brennabschnitt einen Mechanismus für die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft (26) umfasst, durch den die Verbrennungsluft unter und zwischen die Holzkohlen zugeführt wird.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5-8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich ein Strömungskanal von der Austrittsöffnung (4, 15, 25) zu einem Nachbrenner (31) erstreckt, der sich über ihm befindet, wobei ein Mittelteil (32) des Nachbrenners (31) ein nach oben erweiterter und kreisförmig konischer Teil ist, der am unteren Ende geschlossen ist, an dessen Seiten sich rundherum wellenartige Falten befinden, die in der vertikalen Richtung an der Seite parallel verlaufen, in deren Mitte gerichtet sich eine Reihe von Löchern (33) befindet, wobei
    die gemeinsame Größe der Löcher einen kleineren Volumenstrom als in dem anderen Strömungsabschnitt des Nachbrenners ermöglicht, der konische Teil im oberen Teil in der Mitte offen ist und die Ränder des oberen Teils durch einen horizontalen Flansch mit einer Innenwand (36) verbunden sind, die Innenwand von dem Flansch in einem Abstand nach unten gerichtet ist, wo sie sich kreisförmig nach außen dreht (37), in einem Abstand nach oben dreht und dabei ein kreisförmiges zylindrisches Teil (38) bildet, sich in dem oberen Teil nach innen in einen Deckel (39) dreht, in dessen Mitte sich eine Austrittsöffnung (40) befindet, wobei sich im Inneren des Nachbrenners ein Innenteil (35) in der Form eines umgedrehten zylindrischen Behälters befindet, in dessen Innerem sich ein Kanal für die abwärts gerichtete Strömung befindet, an dessen Unterseite sich rundherum eine Öffnung (42) befindet, sodass eine Strömung ihre Richtung ändert, und wobei sich außen rundherum ein Kanal (45) für eine nach oben gerichtete Strömung befindet, und sich zwischen dem Deckelteil (39) und dem Boden am oberen Ende des Zylinders in der Mitte ein Strömungspfad (41) zu der Austrittsöffnung (40) befindet.
EP13844960.8A 2012-10-09 2013-10-08 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verstärkung der verbrennung fester brennstoffe in einen kamin Active EP2906873B1 (de)

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FI20126055A FI127234B (fi) 2012-10-09 2012-10-09 Menetelmä ja laite kiinteiden polttoaineiden tulisijassa polttamisen tehostamiseksi
PCT/FI2013/050974 WO2014057172A1 (en) 2012-10-09 2013-10-08 Method and device for intensifying the burning of solid fuels in a fireplace

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CN104848257A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2015-08-19 河北群翔采暖设备有限公司 生物质节能环保炉具
CN109058976A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-21 张青林 低温脱糖气化燃烧炉
FR3115861B1 (fr) * 2020-11-03 2022-10-21 Cogexyl Energy Chaudière thermique « hybride » à carburant carboné

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EP2906873A1 (de) 2015-08-19
FI127234B (fi) 2018-02-15
EP2906873A4 (de) 2016-10-05

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