WO2015131786A1 - 固体燃料的燃烧方法及燃烧装置 - Google Patents
固体燃料的燃烧方法及燃烧装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015131786A1 WO2015131786A1 PCT/CN2015/073455 CN2015073455W WO2015131786A1 WO 2015131786 A1 WO2015131786 A1 WO 2015131786A1 CN 2015073455 W CN2015073455 W CN 2015073455W WO 2015131786 A1 WO2015131786 A1 WO 2015131786A1
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- combustion
- furnace
- solid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
- F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
- F23B50/04—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the movement of combustion air and flue gases being substantially transverse to the movement of the fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
- F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
- F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
- F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
- F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
- F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of solid fuel combustion, and in particular to a method and a combustion apparatus for burning a solid fuel.
- the inventors have found through careful study that the main difference between biomass burning materials and low-grade coal (such as lignite, peat, etc.) and high-grade coal is that high-grade coal has a high fixed carbon content (generally over 90%). Therefore, it is mainly fixed carbon combustion mode when burning; while biomass combustion materials and low-grade coal have relatively low fixed carbon content and relatively high volatile content (about 50%-70%).
- the solid fuel with high volatile content mainly has two characteristics: 1) the volatile matter precipitation temperature is lower than the volatile ignition point; 2) the volatile matter has a higher ignition point than the ash melting point.
- the current combustion furnaces are generally classified into two types: a forward combustion furnace and a reverse combustion furnace. Due to the above characteristics of biomass fuel and low-grade coal, continuous combustion can not be achieved by using these two combustion furnaces.
- the existing combustion device generally enters the wind through the furnace, so that the solid fuel on the furnace is subjected to high-temperature combustion. Since the ash melting point is lower than the ignition point of the volatile matter and the fixed carbon, the combustion is performed in a high-temperature environment in which the carbon is burned on the furnace. After the ash is in a viscous molten state, it will paste on the furnace and cannot be normally discharged through the furnace or other ash-discharging mechanism (such as the ash stick), so that the viscous ash is mixed and burning. The fuel greatly affects the combustion efficiency of the fuel. Moreover, the viscous ash adheres to the furnace raft and blocks the air inlet passage on the furnace. After a period of time, the furnace is pasted, so that the furnace cannot continue to work.
- the characteristic of the trans-burning furnace is that the fire outlet is lower than the furnace, so that the flame generated by the combustion passes through the furnace and then reaches the fire. mouth.
- This combustion mode can be ignited by the flame when passing through the furnace as compared with the forward combustion, and the combustion efficiency is improved.
- the high temperature flame is located in the furnace position, this also makes the temperature of the furnace position very high. In the high temperature environment, the burnt ash is in a viscous molten state, which will paste on the furnace and block the furnace. The air flow passage will soon ruin the furnace, making the furnace unable to continue working.
- the Chinese utility model patent No. 01220213695.8 proposes a hot blast stove 900 which can be used for full combustion of various solid combustibles and multi-point air distribution.
- the hot blast stove includes a furnace body, and an upper combustion chamber 92 and a lower combustion chamber 93 are respectively disposed in the furnace body, and an upper furnace 94 and a lower furnace are respectively disposed at the bottoms of the upper combustion chamber 92 and the lower combustion chamber 93, respectively.
- 95 below the lower furnace 95 is a ash removal chamber 96, and a burner outlet 98 is provided on the furnace body of the lower combustion chamber 93.
- the upper combustion chamber 92 is provided with a funnel-shaped combustion chamber 910 whose upper portion is integrated with the inner wall of the furnace, and whose lower portion is reduced in diameter.
- the lower port of the funnel-shaped fuel tank 910 is located on the upper furnace 94, and the center of the funnel-shaped fuel tank 910
- a cylindrical pyrotechnic passage 911 having a lower end opening is formed in the longitudinal direction, and an annular upper air passage 912 is formed between the outer wall of the lower portion of the funnel-shaped fuel storage tank 910 and the inner wall of the furnace body 91, and the outer wall of the lower cylinder of the funnel-shaped fuel storage tank 910 is evenly opened.
- the outer wall of the furnace body 91 is provided with two air inlets 914 communicating with the annular air duct, and the air inlet 914 is connected with the air duct 915.
- the hot blast stove trial solves the problems of forward combustion and trans combustion through the combination of positive and negative combustion.
- the hot blast stove 900 when used, it has the following defects and cannot be continuously used:
- the hot air furnace has a large amount of air from the lower furnace 95 at the bottom of the lower combustion chamber 93, causing the temperature of the lower furnace 95 to be too high, and some solid biomass fuels (
- the ash melting point of the straw is relatively low, so that the hot blast stove generates a ashing phenomenon when burning the solid biomass fuel, so that the ash produced by the combustion is in a viscous molten state and is bonded to the furnace 95.
- the gap of the lower furnace 95 is melted and the ash is not effectively discharged, thereby causing the hot blast stove to be unable to continue working.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method and a combustion apparatus for burning a solid fuel, which can be used not only in a solid fuel
- the volatile matter is fully burned, and the problem of melting is solved, and in the combustion process, the natural matching of the burning speed is achieved, and the automatic feeding can be carried out with the combustion to ensure the continuous combustion of the fuel.
- the present invention provides a method for burning a solid fuel, in which a feed port is provided at the top of the furnace, and a corresponding furnace inlet is provided with a furnace for receiving fuel entering from the feed port.
- the fuel entering the feed port forms a pile layer on the furnace, the furnace above the furnace is formed on the side of the pile layer as the inlet side, and the other side opposite the inlet side is formed as the combustion side; the pile
- the material layer separates the inlet side from the combustion side, and the pile layer constitutes a separator separating the inlet side and the combustion side; on the combustion side of the furnace, a combustion chamber connected to the outlet of the exhaust gas is provided, and the volatile matter on the combustion side is provided
- a heat storage body is disposed on the flow path of the airflow.
- the stack layer is ignited, air is introduced from the inlet side of the stack layer, the wind passes transversely through the stack layer, and exits from the combustion side of the stack layer, and the combustion flame of the stack layer faces the combustion chamber Combustion, the regenerator is heated by the flame, the fuel gradually moves down as the volume becomes smaller, the new fuel is automatically replenished to the stack layer under the action of gravity, and the volatiles are precipitated after being heated; the wind carries the volatiles deposited from the pile
- the combustion side of the material layer flows out and flows toward the combustion chamber, and the volatile matter is ignited by the regenerator and the combustion flame, enters the combustion chamber to be burned, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet; at the same time, the fixed carbon fuel after the volatile matter is ignited, The carbon burns to generate a new combustion flame.
- the ash generated after the burnout is discharged through the furnace at the bottom of the pile layer. As the combustion progresses, the new fuel continuously fills the pile layer to form a combustion cycle.
- the invention also provides a solid fuel combustion device, comprising a furnace, an air inlet is arranged on the furnace, a solid fuel feed port is arranged at the top of the furnace, and a feed inlet is provided corresponding to the feed port in the furnace
- the solid fuel forms a stack layer between the feed port and the furnace, and the furnace above the furnace is formed on the air inlet side on one side of the pile layer, opposite to the inlet side
- the other side is formed as a combustion side; a partition between the inlet side and the combustion side is formed by the pile layer; a combustion chamber that is connected to the outlet of the exhaust gas is formed on the combustion side, and a volatile gas stream is formed on the combustion side.
- a heat storage body is disposed on the flow path, so that the main air flow generated by the wind entering the furnace passes through the stack layer substantially transversely through the stack side, enters the combustion chamber via the heat accumulator, and is finally discharged from the exhaust gas outlet.
- the volatile matter is precipitated in the fuel and the fixed carbon combustion is carried out in the stacking layer during the combustion process, the volume of the fuel becomes smaller after the combustion proceeds, and the gravity is reduced. Under the action, it automatically moves downwards and is gradually ignited by the lower combustion flame. The new fuel is automatically replenished from the feed port to the pile layer, and the fixed carbon combustion of the lower layer fuel provides the heat required for the precipitation of the upper layer new fuel volatiles.
- the replenishing speed of the new fuel depends on the burning speed of the lower layer fuel, thereby naturally achieving the matching of the upper layer volatiles precipitation and the fixed carbon fuel burning speed, and effectively solves the safety hazard problem existing in the existing hot blast stove due to the mismatch of the burning speed.
- the fuel newly added to the pile layer is heated by the lower layer of fixed carbon fuel, and the volatile matter is discharged toward the combustion chamber, and the lower layer of fixed carbon fuel is burned to generate flame.
- the flame is also driven toward the combustion chamber by the air flow.
- the volatile matter passes through the regenerator and the combustion flame, it is ignited by the high temperature generated by the regenerator and the combustion flame.
- the combustion apparatus of the present invention can automatically and orderly feed by gravity with the progress of combustion, the combustion furnace can be placed in an unattended operation state, which not only saves labor, but also causes the pile layer to be in a dynamic equilibrium state.
- the fixed carbon combustion and volatile matter precipitation have been in a continuous and stable combustion state, which effectively ensures the full combustion of the volatiles, improves the combustion efficiency, and realizes the orderly controllable combustion of the combustion furnace.
- the present invention introduces air from one side of the stack layer, a combustion chamber is provided on the combustion side opposite to the inlet side of the stack layer.
- a combustion chamber is provided on the combustion side opposite to the inlet side of the stack layer.
- the high-temperature flame of the lower layer fixed carbon combustion passes through the combustion side of the pile layer, forming on the combustion side.
- the high temperature flame zone provides the high temperature environment required for ignition of the volatiles, while the stack layer has almost no gas flow through the bottom furnace location, so that there is no high temperature fire bed at the bottom furnace location.
- the combustion station As the combustion progresses, the fixed carbon fuel whose volume becomes smaller gradually moves downward, and the longer the burning time, the lower the fixed carbon fuel is located, so that the lower the fixed carbon combustion layer is lower, the lower the temperature, the combustion station
- the generated ash is also discharged into the lower ash chamber through the bottom furnace under the action of gravity under the action of the fixed carbon fuel, which effectively solves the problem of the ash existing in the existing combustion furnace and ensures the burning furnace. Continuous and stable combustion.
- the stack layer of the present invention constitutes a partition between the inlet side and the combustion side, the wind on the inlet side must pass through the pile layer to enter the combustion side, thereby achieving wind-to-fuel combustion and volatilization on the inlet side. An effective supply of combustion.
- the stack layer is in contact with the inner wall of the furnace on opposite sides between the inlet side and the combustion side to isolate the inlet side from the combustion side.
- the side walls of the two opposite side inner walls between the inlet side and the combustion side of the furnace above the furnace are formed on both sides between the inlet side and the combustion side of the stack.
- the natural stacking slope is uniform or located on the inner side of the natural stacking slope, so that the two side wall faces of the stock layer between the inlet side and the burning side are in contact with the inner wall of the furnace.
- the two opposite side inner walls of the furnace above the furnace above the inlet side and the combustion side are vertical side walls.
- the two opposite side inner walls of the furnace above the furnace above the inlet side and the combustion side are inclined side walls.
- the regenerator can be heated by a flame produced by combustion in the stack to a temperature above the volatile point of ignition.
- the regenerator may be disposed in the direction of the volatile gas stream to be ignited as the volatile stream passes through the regenerator.
- the heat storage body may be disposed in a direction blocking the airflow, and the heat storage body may be a heat storage orifice having a through hole, and the volatile matter is passed through the heat storage orifice plate. Ignite and enter the combustion chamber to burn.
- the stack layer is formed on the outside of the side of the combustion side as an open structure that does not limit the side shape of the stack.
- the stack layer is formed on the outside of the side of the combustion side with a side wall having an open or pore structure.
- the projected area of the feed port on a horizontal plane may be less than the projected area of the furnace stack region on a horizontal plane.
- the feed port is positioned such that the stack layer forms a natural stacking slope on the inlet side.
- the air inlet is higher than the upper surface of the natural stacking slope.
- the edges of the grate may be connected to the inner wall of the grate.
- the grate is spaced from the inner wall of the grate at one edge of the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber may have two or more.
- the combustion chamber can be coupled to a heat exchange device.
- the combustion chamber is provided with one or more heat supplies to the heat exchange device mouth.
- combustion furnace of the present invention the volatile matter can be almost completely burned, the combustion efficiency of the combustion furnace is over 95%, and there is no black smoke emission, and the clean discharge of solid fuel combustion with high volatile content is realized.
- the combustion furnace of the invention fully utilizes the characteristics of gravity and heat transfer, can not only meet the requirements of the fuel principle, realizes automatic and orderly combustion of fuel, has simple structure, low manufacturing cost, convenient use, and thus is a solid with high volatile matter.
- the promotion and application of fuel provides favorable conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional positive and negative hot air furnace
- Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the combustion state of the combustion apparatus of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional structural view showing the side wall of the furnace between the inlet side and the combustion side of the combustion apparatus of the present invention as a vertical side wall;
- Figure 4 is a side cross-sectional structural view showing the sidewall of the furnace between the inlet side and the combustion side of the combustion apparatus of the present invention as an inclined side wall;
- Figure 5 is a side cross-sectional structural view showing the sidewall of the furnace between the inlet side and the combustion side of the combustion apparatus of the present invention as a curved side wall;
- Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the furnace casing of the present invention having a side edge of the furnace chamber spaced from the inner wall of the furnace;
- Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 6;
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of Figure B-B;
- Figure 9 is a schematic view showing another structure of the line B-B of Figure 6;
- Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the heat storage orifice plate C of Figure 6;
- Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a combustion device in which a heat storage body is disposed along a gas flow direction;
- Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the side of the combustion structure of the combustion device of the present invention.
- Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the combustion device of the present invention having an open side wall
- Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the furnace casing of the present invention in contact with the inner wall of the furnace;
- Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of the combustion apparatus of the present invention having a tilting furnace
- Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of a combustion apparatus of the present invention having two combustion chambers.
- Combustion device 100 heat exchange device 200; exhaust gas discharge port 201;
- Furnace 10 inlet side 101; combustion side 102; side wall faces 103, 104;
- Stack layer 1 two opposite sides 161, 162; natural stacking slope 16; feed port 11; air inlet 12; side wall 13; pore structure 131; opening 132; furnace 14; feed hopper 15;
- Combustion chamber 3 combustion chamber outlet 31;
- Heat storage body 2 heat storage orifice plate 21; through hole 211;
- Solid fuel 5 volatile matter 51; fixed carbon fuel 52 after volatilization; furnace ash 53.
- the present invention provides a method for burning a solid fuel.
- a feed port 11 is provided at the top of the furnace 10, and a corresponding feed port 11 is provided in the furnace 10 to receive from the feed port 11.
- the solid fuel furnace 14, the fuel entering from the feed port 11 forms a pile layer 1 on the furnace 14, and the furnace 10 above the furnace 14 is formed on the side of the pile layer 1 as the inlet side 101,
- the other side opposite the inlet side 101 is formed as a combustion side 102 which isolates the inlet side 101 from the combustion side 102, from which the stacking layer 1 constitutes the inlet side 101 above the furnace 14.
- the separator on the combustion side 102; the combustion side 102 is provided with a combustion chamber 3 that communicates with the exhaust gas outlet 201, and the heat storage body 2 is disposed on the flow path of the volatile gas stream on the combustion side.
- the pile layer 1 is ignited, and air is introduced from the inlet side 101 of the pile layer 1, the wind passes transversely through the pile layer 1, and exits from the combustion side 102 of the pile layer 1, the wind is directed toward the combustion flame
- the combustion chamber 3 burns, the regenerator 2 is heated, the fuel gradually moves down as the volume becomes smaller, and the new fuel is automatically replenished to the stack layer 1 under the action of gravity, and the volatiles 51 are heated to precipitate, and the wind is precipitated.
- the volatile matter 51 flows out from the combustion side 102 of the pile layer 1 and flows toward the combustion chamber 3.
- the volatile matter 51 is ignited by the regenerator 2 and the combustion flame, enters the combustion chamber 3 for combustion, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 201;
- the ash 53 generated after the burnout is discharged through the furnace 14 at the bottom of the pile layer 1, and the new fuel is produced as the combustion proceeds.
- a combustion cycle is formed on the continuously replenished pile layer 1, a combustion cycle is formed.
- the present invention also provides a solid fuel combustion apparatus 100 using the above combustion method.
- the combustion apparatus 100 includes a furnace 10 having an air inlet 12 for supplying air into the furnace, and a solid fuel feed port 11 at the top of the furnace 10, corresponding to the furnace 10
- the feed port 11 is provided with a furnace 14 for receiving the solid fuel 5 entering from the feed port 11, and the solid fuel 5 forms a stack layer 1 between the feed port 11 and the furnace 14, and the furnace above the furnace 14 10 is formed on the one side of the pile layer 1 as the inlet side 101, and the other side opposite the inlet side 101 is formed as the combustion side 102, which separates the inlet side 101 from the combustion side 102.
- the stack layer 1 constitutes a partition that isolates the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102; on the combustion side 102, a combustion chamber 3 that is electrically connected to the exhaust outlet 201 is formed, and a flow path of the volatile gas stream on the combustion side 102 is formed.
- the regenerator 2 is disposed thereon so that the main airflow generated by the wind entering the grate 10 passes through the stack layer 1 substantially transversely from the inlet side 101, enters the combustion chamber 3 via the regenerator 2, and is finally discharged from the exhaust outlet 201.
- the main air flow generated by the wind entering the furnace 10 of the present invention refers to the main air flow generated by the wind, which flows from the air inlet side 101 of the pile area 1 substantially transversely through the pile area 1 from the combustion side 102; during the combustion process
- the wind in the middle crucible 10 mainly produces airflow transversely passing through the stacking zone 1, and there is almost no airflow or weak airflow at the bottom of the stacking furnace 14 at the bottom of the stacking zone 1.
- the present invention can ensure that the main air flow direction during the combustion process is from the stack layer 1 It is within the scope of the invention for the wind side 101 to enter and exit from the combustion side 102 substantially transversely through the stock layer 1 to form a lateral combustion mode.
- the stock layer 1 in the present invention refers to a pile formed of a solid fuel between the feed port 11 and the furnace 14.
- the newly introduced fuel in the upper layer is first heated to a temperature at which the volatile matter is precipitated to precipitate volatiles, and then ignited for fixed carbon combustion, and gradually decreases as the volume of the fuel becomes smaller as the combustion progresses.
- the ash 53 generated after the burnout is discharged through the furnace 14; at the same time, the new fuel is automatically replenished to the pile layer 1 under the action of gravity, so that the pile layer 1 between the feed port 11 and the furnace 14 is burning.
- the process is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, maintaining a stable stock shape.
- the fuel is released from the volatile matter 51 and the fixed carbon combustion is in the furnace above the furnace 14, during the combustion, the fuel is released after the volatile matter 51 is released.
- the volume becomes smaller, automatically moves downward under the action of gravity, and is gradually ignited by the lower combustion flame.
- the new fuel is automatically replenished from the feed port 11 to the pile layer 1 under the action of gravity, and the fixed carbon combustion of the lower layer of fuel is
- the evaporation of the upper fuel volatiles provides the required heat, and the replenishing speed of the new fuel depends on the burning speed of the lower fuel, thereby naturally achieving the natural matching of the upper volatiles precipitation and the burning speed of the fixed carbon fuel 52, effectively solving the existing hot air furnace.
- the volatiles 51 which are heated and precipitated by the lower fixed carbon fuel 52 are flowed toward the combustion chamber 3, and the lower fixed carbon fuel 52 is burned to generate a flame which is also directed toward the air.
- the combustion chamber 3 is burned, and the heat storage body 2 is heated by the flame, and is ignited when the volatile matter 51 forms a high temperature region via the combustion flame and the heat storage body 2, thereby achieving sufficient combustion of the volatile matter.
- the combustion device can be placed in an unattended operating state, which not only saves manpower, but also because the stack layer 1 is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, the stack layer 1 Maintaining a stable stock shape during the combustion process, so that the fixed carbon combustion and volatile matter precipitation in the furnace 1 are always in a continuous stable combustion state, effectively ensuring full combustion of volatiles, improving combustion efficiency, and achieving combustion. Orderly controlled combustion of the device.
- the present invention provides a combustion chamber 3 from the combustion side 102 of the side of the stack layer 1 and opposite the inlet side 101, the main gas stream is passed transversely through the stack layer 1 from the combustion side 102, A high temperature flame zone is formed on the combustion side 102 of the stock layer 1 to provide a high temperature environment for ignition of the volatiles to form a lateral combustion mode.
- a feed hopper 15 may be disposed on the feed port 11 to facilitate feeding to the stacking zone 1.
- the stock layer 1 of the present invention is located outside the side of the combustion side 102 and can be formed into an open structure which does not restrict the side shape of the stock layer 1.
- the combustion flame and volatiles which are blown from the side of the pile layer 1 of the combustion side 102 directly enter the combustion chamber 3 to be burned by the air flow, and the structure is simpler.
- the stock layer 1 is located on the side of the combustion side 102.
- the outer side may be formed with a side wall 13 having an opening 132 or a pore structure 131 such that combustion flames and volatiles emerging from the side of the pile layer 1 of the combustion side 102 enter the combustion chamber 3 through the opening 132 or the pore structure 131 for combustion.
- the pore structure 131 of the side wall 13 may be a furnace structure, a fence structure, or a grid structure, or a perforated structure, etc., and the specific structure may be not limited as long as it has pores to allow the flame and volatiles to pass.
- the opening 132 may be higher than the natural stacking slope setting formed on the combustion side to prevent solid fuel from falling directly from the opening 132.
- the two opposite sides 161, 162 of the stack layer 1 between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 are in contact with the inner wall of the furnace to place the furnace above the furnace 14
- the space on the inlet side 101 is separated from the combustion side 102 by the stock layer 1, as shown in Figures 2 to 5.
- the airflow generated by the wind entering the air inlet side 101 can only pass through the stack layer 1 to reach the combustion side 102, avoiding the wind passing through the outside of the stack layer and doing useless work, ensuring the wind passing through the stack layer 1. Effective supply.
- the side walls 103, 104 of the two opposite side inner walls between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 of the furnace 10 above the furnace 14 and the stack layer 1 on the inlet side 101 The natural stacking slopes 16 that may be formed by the two sides 161, 162 between the combustion sides 102 are coincident or located inside the natural stacking slope 16 such that the two side wall faces 103 of the stack layer 1 between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 , 104 is connected to the inner wall of the furnace, as shown in Figures 3 to 5.
- the shape of the side wall faces 103, 104 of the opposite side inner walls between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 of the furnace 10 above the grate 14 can be set as needed, as long as the outer side of the natural stacking slope 16 is not exceeded, enabling the stacking
- the two side wall faces 103, 104 of the layer 1 may be in contact with the furnace side wall faces 103, 104, and the specific shape thereof may not be limited.
- 3 shows an example in which the two side wall faces 103, 104 of the two opposite side inner walls between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 of the furnace above the furnace 14 are vertical side walls
- FIG. 4 shows the furnace.
- the two side wall faces 103, 104 of the two opposite side inner walls between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 of the furnace above the crucible 14 are examples of inclined side walls, and FIG. 5 shows the furnace above the furnace 14 in the inlet air.
- the two side wall faces 103, 104 of the opposite side inner walls between the side 101 and the combustion side 102 are examples of curved side walls.
- the shape of the two side wall faces 103, 104 of the two opposite side inner walls between the inlet side 101 and the combustion side 102 of the furnace above the furnace 14 is not limited to the shape shown in the drawing. It can also be set to other various shapes, which will not be enumerated here.
- the volatile gas stream from the stock layer 1 to the combustion chamber 3 on the combustion side of the furnace 10 flows through the heat storage body 2 provided on the path.
- the heat storage body 2 can be made of a heat storage material and can be heated by a flame of lateral combustion to form a high temperature environment on the flow path of the volatile matter, so that the volatile matter 51 is ignited when it passes, which contributes to the sufficient volatile matter. combustion.
- the regenerator 2 is heated in a high temperature state by the flame, it helps to form a high-temperature environment for igniting volatiles in the flow path of the volatile matter, and the temperature at which the specific heat is heated can be not limited.
- the heat accumulator 2 can be arranged to be heated by the flame produced by the combustion of the stacking zone 1 to a temperature above the ignition point of the volatiles, which is more advantageous for the full combustion of the volatiles.
- the heat storage body 2 can be disposed in the direction of the volatile gas flow so as to be ignited when the volatile matter flow passes through the heat storage body 2.
- the heat storage body 2 is disposed at the top of the furnace 10.
- the position of the heat storage body 2 is not limited to the top portion, and may be disposed at other positions where the volatile matter flows through the path.
- the heat accumulator 2 may also be disposed in a direction blocking the airflow.
- the heat storage body 2 may be a heat storage orifice plate 21 having a through hole 211 (as shown in FIGS. 6 and 10), and the volatile portion 51 is ignited when passing through the heat storage orifice plate 21, and enters The combustion chamber 3 is burned.
- the heat storage orifice plate is not The structure shown in FIG. 10 is limited to a specific shape and structure as long as it can store heat and has a through hole through which airflow can pass.
- the projected area of the feed opening 11 in the horizontal plane may be less than the projected area of the bottom stack 14 in the horizontal plane.
- a pile layer which is large and small can be formed in the pile area 1.
- the stacking method can make the airflow of the upper fuel layer through the thickness smaller than the thickness of the lower layer of the stacking layer.
- the lower layer of the fixed carbon fuel has a larger area, which is favorable for the full combustion of the fixed carbon fuel, and the upper layer The thickness of the fuel layer is small, facilitating the rapid passage of the gas stream to bring the volatiles 51 to the combustion chamber 3 of the combustion side 102 of the pile layer 1 for combustion.
- the feed port 11 can be positioned such that the stack layer 1 forms a natural stacking slope on the inlet side 101 of the furnace 10.
- the air inlet 12 may be higher than the upper surface of the natural stacking slope to supply air to the wind side 101 upon combustion.
- the air inlet 12 may be provided on the side wall of the furnace 10 as shown in FIG. 2, or may be provided on the top of the furnace 10 as shown in FIG.
- the feed port 12 is not limited to the arrangement described in the drawings, as long as it can supply air to one side of the stacking area 1 and form a main air flow substantially transversely across the stack layer. , its specific setting location can be unlimited.
- the edges of the furnace 14 can be joined to the inner wall of the furnace 14 to cover the entire area within the furnace.
- the furnace 14 may also be spaced from the inner wall of the furnace 10 at one side edge of the combustion chamber 3.
- the grate 14 may be horizontally disposed within the grate 10; as shown in FIG. 15, the grate 14 may be disposed obliquely within the grate 10.
- the structure of the furnace 14 is not limited to the above, and the furnace 14 is disposed to form a pile layer 1 between the feed port 11 and the furnace 14 as long as it can receive the solid fuel, thereby avoiding the solid fuel of the pile layer 1. It can be dropped directly, and its specific form can be without limitation.
- the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the heat exchange device 200 to utilize the heat generated by the combustion chamber 3.
- the heat exchange device 200 may be a heat exchanger for heating or a crucible, a cooker, a water jacket, or the like.
- 2 shows an example in which a heat exchanger is arranged in the combustion chamber 3;
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which the combustion chamber 3 has an outlet 31 for supplying heat to the heat exchange device, on which the pot or other heat exchange device can be placed .
- the outlet 31 can be provided in plurality, which can be used for anecdote, partly for heating, and partly for anecdote.
- the combustion chamber 3 may have an outlet 32 for supplying heat to the fire, which is finally discharged through the exhaust outlet 201 after entering the heat exchange.
- the combustion chamber 3 may be provided with two or more as needed to suit various actual heat exchange requirements.
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Abstract
一种固体燃料的燃烧方法及燃烧装置(100)。该燃烧装置(100)包括炉膛(10),在炉膛(10)内形成堆料层(1),堆料层(1)的一侧形成为进风侧(101),与该进风侧(101)相对的另一侧形成为燃烧侧(102);该堆料层(1)将进风侧(101)与燃烧侧(102)隔离开,在燃烧侧(102)的挥发份(51)气流的流经路径上设置有蓄热体(2)。
Description
本发明涉及固体燃料燃烧领域,具体地讲,有关于一种固体燃料的燃烧方法及燃烧装置。
从燃料分类角度来看,固体燃料因资源丰富、使用安全,是现代人类使用最为广泛的一种燃烧材料,特别是煤。另外,随着以煤为代表的矿物质固体燃料的需求量的增大、资源的减少,以及全球新能源运动的展开,可再生的生物质燃烧材料,如秸杆、稻草、木材、木屑、枯枝等得到人们的高度重视。
目前使用生物质燃烧材料的主要方式直接点燃燃烧,这种方式燃烧效率非常低,并产生大量的黑烟,造成环境污染。
一直以来,很多人都试图采用现有的燃煤炉具来燃烧生物质燃料。由于生物质燃烧材料与固定碳含量较高的矿物质燃烧材料的燃烧特性具有比较大的区别,现有的燃烧炉具并不能适应由可再生的生物质材料构成的固体燃料的燃烧,造成燃烧效率低,存在排放污染等问题,从而制约了生物质燃烧材料的应用。另外,现在大量使用的煤都是固定碳含量比较高的高级煤,例如无烟煤、烟煤等,一些低级煤,例如褐煤、泥煤等,利用现有的燃烧装置,也同样存在燃烧效率低,冒黑烟等问题,因此目前还没有得到广泛应用。
本发明人在仔细研究后发现,生物质燃烧材料和低级煤(例如褐煤、泥煤等)与高级煤的相比,主要的区别是,高级煤的固定碳含量很高(一般在90%以上),因此在燃烧时主要是固定碳燃烧方式;而生物质燃烧材料和低级煤的固定碳含量比较低,而挥发份含量比较高(大概在50%-70%)。这种挥发份含量高的固体燃料,主要存在两个特点:1)挥发份析出温度低于挥发份燃点;2)挥发份的燃点高于灰熔点。
目前的燃烧炉一般分为正向燃烧炉和反式燃烧炉两种,由于生物质燃料和低级煤存在上述特点,采用这两种燃烧炉都无法实现持续高效燃烧。
在采用现有的正向燃烧炉燃烧时,存在如下问题:
1)燃烧效率低。在燃烧时,由于挥发份的析出温度低于挥发份的燃点,挥发份首先析出并以黑烟的方式排放到空气中,剩余的固定碳部分再进行燃烧,这样只利用了其中的固定碳燃烧产生的热量,不但燃烧效率比较低,而且存在排放污染。
2)不能持续燃烧。现有的燃烧装置一般是通过炉篦进风,使得炉篦上的固体燃料进行高温燃烧,由于灰熔点低于挥发份和固定碳的燃点,在炉箅上固定碳燃烧的高温环境下,燃烧后的炉灰处于呈粘稠状的熔融状态,会糊在炉箅上,无法通过炉箅或者其它排灰机构(例如拨灰棒)正常排出,使得该粘稠状的炉灰混合在正在燃烧的燃料中,极大地影响了燃料的燃烧效率。并且,该粘稠状的炉灰粘在炉箅子上,堵塞了炉箅上的进风通道,一段时间后会将炉箅糊死,使得燃烧炉无法继续工作。
反式燃烧炉的特点是,出火口低于炉箅,使燃烧产生的火焰反向通过炉箅后再到达出火
口。这种燃烧方式与正向燃烧相比,析出的挥发份可以在通过炉箅时被火焰点燃,燃烧效率得到了提高。然而由于高温火焰位于炉箅位置,这也使得炉箅位置的温度非常高,在高温环境下,燃烧后的炉灰处于呈粘稠状的熔融状态,会糊在炉箅上,堵塞了炉箅的气流通道,很快就会将炉箅糊死,使得燃烧炉无法继续工作。
专利号为01220213695.8的中国实用新型专利提出了一种可用于各种固体可燃物充分燃烧的多点配风正反烧充分燃烧的热风炉900。如图2所示,该热风炉包括炉体,炉体内分别设有上燃烧室92和下燃烧室93,上燃烧室92和下燃烧室93的底部分别设有上炉箅94和下炉箅95,下炉箅95的下方为除灰室96,下燃烧室93的炉体上设有出烟口98。上燃烧室92内设有上部与炉体内壁为一体,下部缩径为圆筒的漏斗状燃烧仓910,漏斗状燃料仓910的下端口位于上炉箅94上,漏斗状燃料仓910的中心处纵向设有下端开口的圆筒状烟火通道911,漏斗状燃料仓910下部的外壁与炉体91的内壁之间形成有环形上风道912,漏斗状燃料仓910下部圆筒的外壁上均匀开设有多个进风孔913,炉体91的外壁上开设有两个与环形风道相连通的进风口914,进风口914处连接有风筒915。
该热风炉试途通过正反烧结合来解决正向燃烧和反式燃烧存在的问题,然而该热风炉900在使用时,存在有如下缺陷而无法持续使用:
1)由于上燃烧室92与下燃烧室93之间通过上炉箅94分隔,在燃烧过程中,上燃烧室92内不完全燃烧的燃料需要落入到下燃烧室93继续燃烧,如果落入下燃烧室93内不完全燃烧的燃料的燃烧速度不能匹配上通过上炉箅94向下燃烧室93落料的速度,下燃烧室93内堆的不完全燃烧的燃料越来越多,一段时间后,会将下燃烧室93内的出烟口98堵上,不但无法继续燃烧,而且燃烧室内的燃气会从进风口冒出,可能会造成安全事故。然而由于不同燃料的燃烧速度存在差别,在实际使用过程中,很难保证上下燃烧室的燃烧速度完全匹配,使该热风炉使用时存在不安全隐患。
2)燃料在上燃烧室92中进行燃烧,火焰需要穿过上炉箅进入到下燃烧室,从而使得上炉箅位置的温度仍然很高,上炉箅上仍然存在熔灰问题,燃烧一段时间后,上炉箅熔融的炉灰将上炉箅上的燃料粘结在一起,无法通过上炉箅向下燃烧室落料,燃料只能在上燃烧室燃烧,上炉箅上灰烬最终完全将上炉箅糊住,从而造成热风炉无法持续工作。
3)如图2所示,该热风炉为提高燃烧效率,从下燃烧室93底部的下炉箅95下风大量配风,造成下炉箅95位置的温度过高,而一些固体生物质燃料(如秸秆)的灰熔点比较低,从而使得该热风炉在燃烧固体生物质燃料时产生融灰现象,使得燃烧产生的灰份处于粘稠的熔融状态,而粘结下炉箅95上。这样在该热风炉工作一段时间后,下炉箅95的缝隙被融灰糊上,无法有效排灰,从而造成该热风炉无法持续工作。
因此,有必要提供一种适合挥发份含量高的固体燃料(例如生物质燃料)燃烧的固体燃料燃烧炉,来克服现有燃烧炉存在的上述缺陷,实现固体燃料的有序可控燃烧。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种固体燃料的燃烧方法及燃烧装置,不但能够使固体燃料中
的挥发份充分燃烧,而且解决了熔灰问题,并在燃烧过程中,实现燃烧速度的自然匹配,可随着燃烧的进行自动有序进料,保证了燃料的持续燃烧。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种固体燃料的燃烧方法,在炉膛顶部设有进料口,在炉膛内对应进料口设有承接从进料口进入的燃料的炉箅,从进料口进入的燃料在炉箅上形成堆料层,该炉箅上方的炉膛在堆料层的一侧形成为进风侧,与该进风侧相对的另一侧形成为燃烧侧;该堆料层将进风侧与燃烧侧隔离开,由该堆料层构成隔离进风侧与燃烧侧的隔离体;在炉膛的燃烧侧设有连通于尾气出口的燃烧腔,在燃烧侧的挥发份气流的流经路径上设置有蓄热体。其中,在燃烧时,点燃该堆料层,从堆料层的进风侧进风,风横向穿过堆料层,从堆料层的燃烧侧穿出,堆料层的燃烧火焰朝向燃烧腔燃烧,蓄热体被火焰加热,燃料随着体积变小而逐渐下移,新燃料在重力作用下自动补充到堆料层上,被加热后析出挥发份;风带着析出的挥发份从堆料层的燃烧侧穿出并朝向燃烧腔流动,挥发份被蓄热体和燃烧火焰点燃,进入燃烧腔燃烧,燃烧尾气从尾气出口排出;同时,析出挥发份后的固定碳燃料被点燃,进行碳燃烧,产生新的燃烧火焰,燃尽后产生的灰烬通过堆料层底部的炉箅排出,随着燃烧的进行,新燃料不断补充的堆料层上,形成燃烧循环。
本发明还提供了一种固体燃料的燃烧装置,包括炉膛,在炉膛上设有进风口,在炉膛顶部具有固体燃料进料口,在炉膛内对应所述进料口设置有承接从进料口进入的固体燃料的炉箅,固体燃料在进料口与炉箅之间形成堆料层,该炉箅上方的炉膛在堆料层的其中一侧形成为进风侧,与该进风侧相对的另一侧形成为燃烧侧;由该堆料层构成进风侧与燃烧侧之间的隔离体;在所述燃烧侧形成有导通于尾气出口的燃烧腔,在燃烧侧挥发份气流的流经路径上设置有蓄热体,从而进入炉膛的风所产生的主气流由进风侧大致横向穿过堆料层后经由蓄热体进入燃烧腔,最后从尾气出口排出。
采用本发明的上述燃烧方法和燃烧装置,由于在燃烧过程中,在燃料析出挥发份和进行固定碳燃烧都在堆料层,随着燃烧的进行,燃料析出挥发份后体积变小,在重力作用下自动向下移动,并逐渐被下层燃烧火焰点燃,新燃料自动从进料口补入到堆料层上,下层燃料的固定碳燃烧又为上层新燃料挥发份析出提供所需的热量,新燃料的补充速度取决于下层燃料的燃烧速度,从而自然实现了上层挥发份析出与固定碳燃料燃烧速度的匹配,有效解决了现有热风炉因燃烧速度不匹配而存在的安全隐患问题。
同时,在燃烧过程中,新补充到堆料层的燃料被下层固定碳燃料加热析出的挥发份随着气流朝向燃烧腔流动,而下层固定碳燃料燃烧产生火焰也在气流带动下朝向燃烧腔燃烧,在挥发份经由蓄热体和燃烧火焰时,被蓄热体和燃烧火焰产生的高温点燃。并且,由于本发明的燃烧装置可以随着燃烧的进行利用重力自动有序进料,可以使燃烧炉处于无人值守的运行状态,不但节省了人力,而且由于堆料层处于动态平衡状态,使得固定碳燃烧和挥发份析出一直处于连续稳定的燃烧状态下,有效保证了挥发份的充分燃烧,提高了燃烧效率,实现了燃烧炉的有序可控燃烧。
另外,由于本发明从堆料层的一侧进风,在堆料层与进风侧相对的燃烧侧设置燃烧腔。这样,在气流的带动下,下层固定碳燃烧的高温火焰从堆料层的燃烧侧穿出,在燃烧侧形成
高温火焰区,为挥发份提供点燃所需的高温环境,而堆料层在底部炉箅位置几乎没有气流通过,从而在底部炉箅位置不存在高温火床。并且,随着燃烧的进行,体积变小的固定碳燃料逐步下移,燃烧时间越长的固定碳燃料位于越向下的位置,使得下部的固定碳燃烧层越向下温度越低,燃烧所产生的炉灰也在固定碳燃料向下移动过程中,在重力作用下通过底部炉箅被排入到下部的灰室中,有效解决了现有燃烧炉存在的熔灰问题,保证了燃烧炉的持续稳定燃烧。
并且,由于本发明的堆料层构成进风侧与燃烧侧的隔离体,使得进风侧的风必须穿过堆料层才能进入燃烧侧,从而实现了进风侧的风对燃料燃烧和挥发份燃烧的有效供给。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述堆料层在进风侧和燃烧侧之间的两相对侧面与炉膛内壁相接,从而将进风侧与燃烧侧隔离。
在一个可选的例子中,炉箅上方的炉膛在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的该两相对侧内壁的侧壁面,与堆料层在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的两侧面可形成的自然堆放坡度一致或位于该自然堆放坡度内侧,从而使得堆料层在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的两侧壁面与炉膛内壁相接。
在一个可选的例子中,炉箅上方的炉膛在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的该两相对侧内壁为竖直侧壁。
在一个可选的例子中,炉箅上方的炉膛在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的该两相对侧内壁为倾斜侧壁。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,该蓄热体可被堆料区燃烧产生的火焰加热到高于挥发份燃点的温度。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述蓄热体可顺着挥发份气流方向设置,从而在挥发份流经由该蓄热体时被点燃。
在本发明的另一个可选例子中,所述蓄热体可沿阻挡气流的方向设置,该蓄热体可为具有通孔的蓄热孔板,挥发份在穿过蓄热孔板时被点燃,进入到燃烧腔燃烧。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述堆料层位于燃烧侧的侧面外侧形成为不对堆料层侧面形状进行限制的开放式结构。
在本发明另一个可选的例子中,所述堆料层位于燃烧侧的侧面外侧形成有具有开口或孔隙结构的侧壁。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述进料口在水平面上的投影面积可小于炉箅堆料区域在水平面上的投影面积。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述进料口的位置设置成,堆料层在进风侧形成有自然堆放坡度。在该例子的一个具体例子中,所述进风口高于自然堆放坡度的上表面。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述炉箅的边缘均可与炉膛内壁相连接。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述炉箅在燃烧腔的一侧边缘与炉膛内壁具有间隔。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述的燃烧腔可具有两个或两个以上。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述的燃烧腔可连接于换热装置。
在本发明的一个可选例子中,所述的燃烧腔设有一个或一个以上向换热装置供热的出
口。
实验证明,采用本发明的上述燃烧炉,挥发份几乎可以被完全燃烧,燃烧炉的燃烧效率达到95%以上,并且没有黑烟排放,实现了挥发份含量高的固体燃料燃烧的洁净排放。本发明的燃烧炉充分利用了重力和热量传递的特性,不但能够符合燃料原理的要求,实现了燃料的自动有序燃烧,而且结构简单,制造成本低,使用方便,从而为挥发份高的固体燃料的推广应用提供了有利条件。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有的正反烧热风炉的结构示意图;
图2为本发明燃烧装置的燃烧状态示意图;
图3为本发明燃烧装置的进风侧与燃烧侧之间的炉膛侧壁为竖直侧壁的侧向剖视结构示意图;
图4为本发明燃烧装置的进风侧与燃烧侧之间的炉膛侧壁为倾斜侧壁的侧向剖视结构示意图;
图5为本发明燃烧装置的进风侧与燃烧侧之间的炉膛侧壁为弧形侧壁的侧向剖视结构示意图;
图6为本发明燃烧装置炉箅的一侧边缘与炉膛内壁具有间隔的结构示意图;
图7为图6的A-A剖视结构示意图;
图8为图6的B-B剖视结构示意图;
图9为图6的B-B剖视另一种结构示意图;
图10为图6的蓄热孔板C向结构示意图;
图11为蓄热体沿气流方向设置的燃烧装置结构示意图;
图12为本发明燃烧装置的燃烧侧具有孔隙结构侧壁的结构示意图;
图13为本发明燃烧装置的燃烧侧具有带开口侧壁的结构示意图;
图14为本发明燃烧装置的炉箅边缘均与炉膛内壁相接的结构示意图;
图15为本发明燃烧装置具有倾斜炉箅的结构示意图;
图16为本发明的燃烧装置具有两个燃烧腔的结构示意图。
图号说明:
燃烧装置100;换热装置200;尾气排出口201;
炉膛10;进风侧101;燃烧侧102;侧壁面103、104;
堆料层1;两相对侧面161、162;自然堆放坡度16;进料口11;进风口12;侧壁13;孔隙结构131;开口132;炉箅14;进料斗15;
燃烧腔3;燃烧腔出口31;
蓄热体2;蓄热孔板21;通孔211;
灰室4;
固体燃料5;挥发份51;析出挥发份后的固定碳燃料52;炉灰53。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种固体燃料的燃烧方法,如图2至图5所示,在炉膛10顶部设有进料口11,在炉膛10内对应进料口11设有承接从进料口11进入的固体燃料的炉箅14,从进料口11进入的燃料在炉箅14上形成堆料层1,该炉箅14上方的炉膛10在堆料层1的一侧形成为进风侧101,与该进风侧101相对的另一侧形成为燃烧侧102,该堆料层1将进风侧101与燃烧侧102隔离开,由该堆料层1构成炉箅14上方的进风侧101与燃烧侧102的隔离体;燃烧侧102设有连通于尾气出口201的燃烧腔3,在燃烧侧的挥发份气流的流经路径上设置有蓄热体2。燃烧时,点燃该堆料层1,从堆料层1的进风侧101进风,风横向穿过堆料层1,从堆料层1的燃烧侧102穿出,风带着燃烧火焰朝向燃烧腔3燃烧,将蓄热体2加热,燃料随着体积变小而逐渐下移,新燃料在重力作用下自动补充到堆料层1上,被加热析出挥发份51,风带着析出的挥发份51从堆料层1的燃烧侧102穿出并朝向燃烧腔3流动,挥发份51被蓄热体2和燃烧火焰点燃,进入燃烧腔3燃烧,燃烧尾气从尾气出口201排出;同时,析出挥发份51后的固定碳燃料52被点燃,进行碳燃烧,产生新的燃烧火焰,燃尽后产生的灰烬53通过堆料层1底部的炉箅14排出,随着燃烧的进行,新燃料不断补充的堆料层1上,形成燃烧循环。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述燃烧方法的固体燃料的燃烧装置100。如图2至图14所示,该燃烧装置100包括炉膛10,该炉膛10设有向炉膛内供风的进风口12,在炉膛10顶部具有固体燃料进料口11,在炉膛10内对应所述进料口11设置有承接从进料口11进入的固体燃料5的炉箅14,固体燃料5在进料口11与炉箅14之间形成堆料层1,该炉箅14上方的炉膛10在堆料层1的其中一侧形成为进风侧101,与该进风侧101相对的另一侧形成为燃烧侧102,该堆料层1将进风侧101与燃烧侧102隔离开,由该堆料层1构成隔离进风侧101和燃烧侧102的隔离体;在燃烧侧102形成有导通于尾气出口201的燃烧腔3,在燃烧侧102的挥发份气流的流经路径上设置有蓄热体2,从而进入炉膛10的风所产生的主气流由进风侧101大致横向穿过堆料层1后经由蓄热体2进入燃烧腔3,最后从尾气出口201排出。
本发明进入炉膛10的风产生的主气流是指风产生的主要的气流,该气流从堆料区1的进风侧101大致横向穿过堆料区1从燃烧侧102穿出;在燃烧过程中炉膛10中的风主要产生横向穿过堆料区1的气流,堆料区1底部炉箅14位置几乎没有气流穿过或者会有微弱的气流
从底部炉箅14穿过,只要该微弱的气流不影响主要气流方向,就不会对本发明燃烧装置的效果产生影响,即本发明只要能够保证燃烧过程中主要气流方向是从堆料层1进风侧101进入并从燃烧侧102穿出大致横向穿过堆料层1形成侧向燃烧方式即属于本发明的范围。
本发明中的堆料层1是指固体燃料在进料口11与炉箅14之间形成的料堆。该堆料层1在燃烧过程中,上层新进入的燃料先被加热到挥发份析出温度而析出挥发份,随后被点燃进行固定碳燃烧,随着燃烧的进行燃料体积变小而逐渐下移,燃尽后产生的灰烬53通过炉箅14排出;同时,新燃料在重力作用下自动补充到堆料层1上,如此循环,进料口11与炉箅14之间的堆料层1在燃烧过程中处于动态平衡状态,保持稳定的堆料形状。
采用本发明的上述燃烧方法和燃烧装置100,由于在燃烧过程中,燃料析出挥发份51和进行固定碳燃烧都在炉箅14上方的炉膛内,随着燃烧的进行,燃料析出挥发份51后体积变小,在重力作用下自动向下移动,并逐渐被下层燃烧火焰点燃,新燃料在重力作用下自动从进料口11补入到堆料层1上,下层燃料的固定碳燃烧又为上层燃料挥发份析出提供所需的热量,新燃料的补充速度取决于下层燃料的燃烧速度,从而自然实现了上层挥发份析出与固定碳燃料52燃烧速度的自然匹配,有效解决了现有热风炉因燃烧速度不匹配而存在的安全隐患问题。
同时,如图2所示,在燃烧过程中,燃料被下层固定碳燃料52加热析出的挥发份51随着气流朝向燃烧腔3流动,而下层固定碳燃料52燃烧产生火焰也在气流带动下朝向燃烧腔3燃烧,蓄热体2被火焰加热,在挥发份51经由燃烧火焰和蓄热体2形成高温区时被点燃,从而实现了挥发份的充分燃烧。并且,由于本发明可以随着燃烧的进行利用重力自动有序进料,可以使燃烧装置处于无人值守的运行状态,不但节省了人力,而且由于堆料层1处于动态平衡状态,堆料层1在燃烧过程中保持稳定的堆料形状,使得炉膛1内的固定碳燃烧和挥发份析出一直处于连续稳定的燃烧状态下,有效保证了挥发份的充分燃烧,提高了燃烧效率,实现了燃烧装置的有序可控燃烧。
另外,由于本发明从堆料层1的一侧进风并与进风侧101相对的燃烧侧102设置燃烧腔3,从而使得主气流大致横向穿过堆料层1从燃烧侧102穿出,在堆料层1的燃烧侧102形成高温火焰区,为挥发份提供点燃所需的高温环境,从而形成侧向燃烧方式。这种燃烧方式,由于燃烧火焰主要集中在堆料层1的侧面,在炉箅14位置不存在高温火床;并且随着燃烧的进行,体积变小的固定碳燃料逐步下移,燃烧时间越长的固定碳燃料位于越向下的位置,使得堆料层1下部的固定碳燃烧层越向下温度越低,燃烧所产生的炉灰53也在固定碳燃料52向下移动过程中,在重力作用下通过底部炉箅14被排入到下部的灰室4中,从而有效避免了在炉箅位置熔灰而造成的糊炉箅等问题,保证了燃烧装置的持续稳定燃烧。
如图2所示,在进料口11上可设置有进料斗15,以利于向堆料区1进料。
如图2至图11所示,所示,本发明的堆料层1位于燃烧侧102的侧面外侧可形成为不对堆料层1侧面形状进行限制的开放式结构。这样,燃烧时,在气流带动下,从燃烧侧102的堆料层1侧面穿出的燃烧火焰和挥发份直接进入燃烧腔3燃烧,结构更为简单。
如图12、图13所示,在本发明另一个可选的例子中,堆料层1位于燃烧侧102的侧面
外侧可形成有具有开口132或孔隙结构131的侧壁13,从而从燃烧侧102的堆料层1侧面穿出的燃烧火焰和挥发份通过该开口132或孔隙结构131进入燃烧腔3燃烧。侧壁13的孔隙结构131可为炉箅结构,或栅栏结构,或栅格结构,或孔板结构等,只要具有孔隙能够使火焰和挥发份通过即可,其具体结构可不做限制。该开口132可高于燃烧侧形成的自然堆放坡度设置,以避免固体燃料直接从开口132处掉落。
在本发明的燃烧装置100的可选例子中,堆料层1在进风侧101和燃烧侧102之间的两相对侧面161、162与炉膛内壁相接,以将炉箅14上方的炉膛在进风侧101的空间与燃烧侧102由堆料层1隔离开,如图2至图5所示。这样,进入进风侧101的风产生的气流只能穿过堆料层1才能到达燃烧侧102,避免了风从堆料层外侧通过而做无用功,保证了穿过堆料层1的风的有效供给。
在一个可选的例子中,炉箅14上方的炉膛10在进风侧101与燃烧侧102之间的该两相对侧内壁的侧壁面103、104,与堆料层1在进风侧101与燃烧侧102之间的两侧面161、162可形成的自然堆放坡度16一致或位于该自然堆放坡度16内侧,从而使得堆料层1在进风侧101与燃烧侧102之间的两侧壁面103、104与炉膛内壁相接,如图3至图5所示。
该炉箅14上方的炉膛10在进风侧101与燃烧侧102之间的两相对侧内壁的侧壁面103、104的形状可根据需要设置,只要不超出自然堆放坡度16外侧,能够使得堆料层1的两侧壁面103、104与炉膛侧壁面103、104相接即可,其具体形状可不做限制。如图3示出了炉箅14上方的炉膛在进风侧101与燃烧侧102之间的该两相对侧内壁的两侧壁面103、104为竖直侧壁的例子,图4示出了炉箅14上方的炉膛在进风侧101与燃烧侧102之间的该两相对侧内壁的两侧壁面103、104为倾斜侧壁的例子,图5示出了炉箅14上方的炉膛在进风侧101与燃烧侧102之间的该两相对侧内壁的两侧壁面103、104为弧形侧壁的例子。当然,本领域技术人员可以理解,炉箅14上方的炉膛在进风侧101与燃烧侧102之间的该两相对侧内壁的两侧壁面103、104的形状并不限于图中示出的形状,还可以设置成其它多种形状,在此不再一一列举。
在本发明中,可在炉膛10燃烧侧的从堆料层1至燃烧腔3的挥发份气流流经路径上设置的蓄热体2。该蓄热体2可由蓄热材料制成,可被侧向燃烧的火焰加热,从而在挥发份的流经路径上形成高温环境,使得挥发份51经过时被点燃,有助于挥发份的充分燃烧。该蓄热体2只要被火焰加热处于高温状态中,就有助于在挥发份的流经路径上形成点燃挥发份的高温环境,其具体被加热的温度可不做限制。一个可选的较佳例子中,该蓄热体2可设置成被堆料区1燃烧产生的火焰加热到高于挥发份燃点的温度,这样更有利于挥发份的充分燃烧。
如图11所示,在本发明的一个可选例子中,蓄热体2可顺着挥发份气流方向设置,从而在挥发份流经由该蓄热体2时被点燃。在该具体例子中,蓄热体2被设置在炉膛10的顶部,当然该蓄热体2的设置位置并不限于顶部,还可以在挥发份流经路径的其它位置设置。
如图2、图6、图12至图15所示,在本发明的另一个可选例子中,蓄热体2也可沿阻挡气流的方向设置。在该例子中,该蓄热体2可为具有通孔211的蓄热孔板21(如图6、图10所示),挥发份51在穿过蓄热孔板21时被点燃,进入到燃烧腔3燃烧。该蓄热孔板并不
限于图10所示的结构,只要能够蓄热并具有可供气流通过的通孔即可,其具体形状和结构可以根据需要设置。
在本发明堆料层1的一个可选例子中,进料口11在水平面上的投影面积可小于底部炉箅14堆料区域在水平面上的投影面积。在固体燃料5进入到堆料层1后,如图2所示,可以在堆料区1内形成上小下大的堆料层。这种堆料方式,可以使得上部燃料层的气流穿过厚度小于下层堆料层的厚度,在燃烧过程中,下层固定碳燃料有较大的面积,有利于固定碳燃料的充分燃烧,而上层燃料层的厚度较小,有利于气流的快速穿过将挥发份51带到堆料层1燃烧侧102的燃烧腔3进行燃烧。
如图2所示,在本发明的一个可选例子中,进料口11的位置可设置成,堆料层1在炉膛10进风侧101形成有自然堆放坡度。在该例子的一个具体例子中,进风口12可高于自然堆放坡度的上表面,从而在燃烧时向进风侧101供风。
在本发明中,进风口12可如图2所示设置于炉膛10的侧壁上,也可如图12所示,设置于炉膛10的顶部。当然,本领域技术人员可以理解,进料口12并不限于图中所述的设置方式,只要能够向堆料区1的一侧供风并形成大致横向穿过堆料层的主气流即可,其具体设置位置可以不做限制。
如图14所示,在本发明的一个可选例子中,炉箅14的边缘均可与炉膛14内壁相连接,从而覆盖炉膛内的整个区域。如图2、图6、图11所示,炉箅14在燃烧腔3的一侧边缘也可与炉膛10内壁具有间隔。如图6所示,该炉箅14可水平设置在炉膛10内;也可如图15所示,炉箅14倾斜设置在炉膛10内。该炉箅14的结构形式并不限于以上几种,炉箅14的设置只要能够承接固体燃料,在进料口11与炉箅14之间形成堆料层1,避免堆料层1的固体燃料直接掉落即可,其具体形式可不做限制。
在本发明中,燃烧腔3连接有换热装置200,以利用燃烧腔3燃烧产生的热。该换热装置200可以是供暖的换热器或者炕、炊具、水套等。如图2示出了在燃烧腔3设置换热器的例子;图6示出了燃烧腔3具有向换热装置供热的出口31的例子,该出口31上可放置锅或其它换热装置。该出口31可设置多个,可都用于炊事,也可以部分用于供暖,部分用于炊事。如图13所示,燃烧腔3可具有向火炕供热的出口32,热气流进入火炕换热后最后经由尾气出口201排出。
在本发明中,如图16所示,根据需要,燃烧腔3可以设置有2个或两个以上,以适用于各种实际换热需求。
实验证明,采用本发明的上述侧向燃烧方式的燃烧方法和燃烧装置,挥发份几乎可以完全燃烧,燃烧效率高达到95%以上,并且没有黑烟排放,实现了挥发份含量高的固体燃料燃烧的洁净排放。本发明充分利用了重力和热量传递的特性,实现了燃料的自动有序燃烧,结构简单,制造成本低,使用方便,为挥发份高的固体燃料的推广应用提供了有利条件。
本发明的上述描述仅为示例性的属性,因此没有偏离本发明要旨的各种变形理应在本发明的范围之内。这些变形不应被视为偏离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (24)
- 一种固体燃料的燃烧方法,其特征在于,在炉膛顶部设有进料口,在炉膛内对应进料口设有承接从进料口进入的燃料的炉箅,从进料口进入的燃料在炉箅上形成堆料层,该炉箅上方的炉膛在堆料层的一侧形成为进风侧,与该进风侧相对的另一侧形成为燃烧侧;该堆料层将进风侧与燃烧侧隔离开,由该堆料层构成隔离进风侧与燃烧侧的隔离体;在炉膛的燃烧侧设有连通于尾气出口的燃烧腔,在燃烧侧的挥发份气流的流经路径上设置有蓄热体,其中,点燃该堆料层,从堆料层的进风侧进风,风横向穿过堆料层,从堆料层的燃烧侧穿出,堆料层的燃烧火焰朝向燃烧腔燃烧,蓄热体被火焰加热,燃料随着体积变小而逐渐下移,新燃料在重力作用下自动补充到堆料层上,被加热后析出挥发份;风带着析出的挥发份从堆料层的燃烧侧穿出并朝向燃烧腔流动,挥发份被蓄热体和燃烧火焰点燃,进入燃烧腔燃烧,燃烧尾气从尾气出口排出;同时,析出挥发份后的固定碳燃料被点燃,进行碳燃烧,产生新的燃烧火焰,燃尽后产生的灰烬通过堆料层底部的炉箅排出,随着燃烧的进行,新燃料不断补充的堆料层上,形成燃烧循环。
- 如权利要求1所述的固体燃料的燃烧方法,其特征在于,堆料层在进风侧和燃烧侧之间的两相对侧面与炉膛内壁相接,从而将进风侧与燃烧侧隔离。
- 如权利要求2所述的固体燃料的燃烧方法,其特征在于,炉膛的进料口与炉箅之间的位于进风侧与燃烧侧之间的该两相对侧内壁的侧壁面,与堆料层在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的两侧面可形成的自然堆放坡度一致或位于该自然堆放坡度内侧,从而使得堆料层在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的两侧面与炉膛内壁相接。
- 如权利要求1所述的固体燃料的燃烧方法,其特征在于,该蓄热体被堆料区燃烧产生的火焰加热到高于挥发份燃点的温度。
- 如权利要求1所述的固体燃料的燃烧方法,其特征在于,所述蓄热体顺着挥发份气流方向设置,从而在挥发份流经该蓄热体时被点燃。
- 如权利要求1所述的固体燃料的燃烧方法,其特征在于,所述蓄热体沿阻挡气流的方向设置,该蓄热体形成为具有通孔的蓄热孔板,挥发份在穿过蓄热孔板时被点燃,进入到燃烧腔燃烧。
- 一种固体燃料的燃烧装置,包括炉膛,该炉膛设有向炉膛内供风的进风口和固体燃料进料口,其特征在于,所述进料口设置在炉膛顶部,在炉膛内对应所述进料口设置有承接从进料口进入的固体燃料的炉箅,固体燃料在进料口与炉箅之间形成堆料层,该炉箅上方的炉膛在堆料层的其中一侧形成为进风侧,与该进风侧相对的另一侧形成为燃烧侧;由该堆料层构成进风侧与燃烧侧之间的隔离体;在所述燃烧侧形成有导通于尾气出口的燃烧腔,在燃烧侧挥发份气流的流经路径上设置有蓄热体,从而进入炉膛的风所产生的主气流由进风侧大致横向穿过堆料层后经由蓄热体进入燃烧腔,最后从尾气出口排出。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述堆料层在进风侧和燃 烧侧之间的两相对侧面与炉膛内壁相接,从而将进风侧与燃烧侧隔离。
- 如权利要求8所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述炉箅上方的炉膛在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的该两相对侧内壁的侧壁面,与堆料层在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的两侧面可形成的自然堆放坡度一致或位于该自然堆放坡度内侧,从而使得堆料层在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的两侧壁面与炉膛内壁相接。
- 如权利要求9所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述炉箅上方的炉膛在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的该两相对侧内壁为竖直侧壁。
- 如权利要求9所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述炉箅上方的炉膛在进风侧与燃烧侧之间的该两相对侧内壁为倾斜侧壁。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,该蓄热体被堆料区燃烧产生的火焰加热到高于挥发份燃点的温度。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述蓄热体顺着挥发份气流方向设置,从而在挥发份流经该蓄热体时被点燃。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述蓄热体沿阻挡气流的方向设置,该蓄热体形成为具有通孔的蓄热孔板,挥发份在穿过蓄热孔板时被点燃,进入到燃烧腔燃烧。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述堆料层位于燃烧侧的侧面外侧形成为不对堆料层侧面形状进行限制的开放式结构。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述堆料层位于燃烧侧的侧面外侧形成有具有开口或孔隙结构的侧壁。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述进料口在水平面上的投影面积小于炉箅堆料区域在水平面上的投影面积。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述进料口的位置设置成,堆料层在进风侧形成有自然堆放坡度。
- 如权利要求18所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述进风口高于自然堆放坡度的上表面。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述炉箅的边缘均与炉膛内壁相连接。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述炉箅在燃烧腔的一侧边缘与炉膛内壁具有间隔。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述的燃烧腔具有两个或两个以上。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述的燃烧腔连接于换热装置。
- 如权利要求7所述的固体燃料的燃烧装置,其特征在于,所述的燃烧腔设有一个或一个以上向换热装置供热的出口。
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CN111650244A (zh) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种优化甲烷水合物燃烧效率的实验测试系统及测试方法 |
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