EP2862640A1 - Procédé et dispositif de traitement de produits laminés dans une voie de laminage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de traitement de produits laminés dans une voie de laminage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2862640A1
EP2862640A1 EP20130189223 EP13189223A EP2862640A1 EP 2862640 A1 EP2862640 A1 EP 2862640A1 EP 20130189223 EP20130189223 EP 20130189223 EP 13189223 A EP13189223 A EP 13189223A EP 2862640 A1 EP2862640 A1 EP 2862640A1
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Prior art keywords
rolling stock
ray
intensity
radiation
rolling
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EP20130189223
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2862640B1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Dr. Dagner
Hans-Ulrich Dr. Löffler
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Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH
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Siemens AG
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Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP13189223.4A priority Critical patent/EP2862640B1/fr
Priority to CN201410552845.1A priority patent/CN104561518A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for processing rolling stock in a rolling train.
  • phase transformations and / or structural changes in the rolling stock examples include the conversion of cubic face-centered to body-centered iron in steelmaking, the formation of Mg 2 Si precipitates in aluminum alloys, or the recrystallization after forming processes.
  • phase transformations or microstructural changes have a decisive influence on the mechanical properties of the rolling stock, which is why it is attempted to specifically control such conversion processes in order to obtain rolling stock with specific material properties at the end of the rolling process.
  • Another possibility is to use online measurements, ie measurements during processing of the rolling stock, to determine grain sizes from the magnetic properties of the material and to draw conclusions about the mechanical properties of the material.
  • This method Although it is non-destructive and covers a large part of the rolling stock, however, the structure of the rolling stock or phases present in the rolling stock can not be detected or can only be detected to a very limited extent. Furthermore, magnetic measurements above the Curie temperature reach their limits, so that reliable statements are no longer possible.
  • the first object is achieved by a method according to the features of patent claim 1.
  • the rolling stock is irradiated with X-radiation during the processing.
  • the intensity of an X-ray radiation diffracted by the rolling stock in at least one predetermined direction is measured, and based on the intensity, at least one actual value of a structural parameter of the rolling stock is determined.
  • the at least one X-ray detector is arranged in a position in which the occurrence of a reflex is expected.
  • the X-ray diffracted at a certain lattice plane of an expected phase in the rolling stock or the intensity of a reflex expected for a certain lattice plane is measured at a preset position.
  • This has the advantage that e.g. X-ray radiation caused by X-ray fluorescence does not or hardly influences the measurement.
  • an online X-ray diffractometry is thus carried out on the rolling stock, and from the measured intensity of the X-ray radiation diffracted on the rolling stock, a structural parameter of the rolling stock is determined, that is to say an online status determination is carried out.
  • a structural parameter of the rolling stock is determined, that is to say an online status determination is carried out.
  • Such an actual value of the structure parameter is e.g. an existing or expected in rolling stock phase, which can be identified by the position or position of a reflex, a proportion of an existing or expected in the rolling phase or a microstructure parameter, for example, existing in the rolling stock precipitates and their size or a grain size in one phase , for example can be determined by an intensity profile of the reflex or the reflex sharpness.
  • a rolling stock is a polycrystalline material with individual crystallites, which are statistically oriented in the rolling stock. Due to the polycrystalline structure of the rolling stock, there are sufficient crystallites whose lattice planes are oriented at different angles to the surface of the rolling stock, so that a reflex of sufficient intensity is generated for each lattice plane.
  • the individual crystallites are present as a function of temperature or degree of deformation in various phases, for example austenite with a cubic face-centered structure (fcc) or ferrite with a cubic body-centered structure (bcc), which influence the mechanical properties of the rolling stock.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the intensity of the X-ray radiation diffracted at the rolling stock is measured in at least one predetermined direction by an X-ray detector.
  • the X-ray detector is placed in a position such that it can be read at a certain lattice plane of the rolling stock, e.g. at a (111) plane of an austenitic crystallite, diffracted or reflected X-radiation can detect.
  • the predefined position at which the X-ray detector is arranged is therefore selected on the basis of the appearance of a reflex expected in a phase to be investigated or expected in the rolling stock.
  • the X-ray detector does not have to be moved over a certain angular range during the measurement, but instead reflections emanating from the rolling stock can be detected in a targeted manner.
  • the structural parameter such as, for example, the Rietvelt method, necessary, which are particularly problematic in real time.
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ is the angle enclosed by the incident x-ray beam and the lattice plane satisfying the Bragg condition. Since the reflection condition is incident angle equal to the angle of reflection, the X-ray detector and X-ray source are positioned such that the angle between the two is 180 ° -2 ⁇ .
  • the predefined direction is thus the direction in which a particular lattice plane of a specific phase diffracts the incident X-ray radiation. For which lattice planes of a phase reflexes are expected and for which these are extinguished can be determined using a structure model or the structure factor.
  • the phases present in the rolling stock or expected due to previous processing steps can in principle be determined on the basis of tables or empirical values.
  • the position or position of a reflection of a lattice plane of an expected phase can be determined via the Bragg condition and on the basis of a structural model.
  • a phase expected in the rolling stock and thus the position in which the occurrence of a reflex is expected is determined on the basis of a structural model.
  • the phase transformation or recrystallization processes taking place in the rolling stock are determined on the basis of the degree of deformation, the temperature, the cooling time and the composition of the rolling stock, or the phases expected at a certain position in the rolling mill. From the phases expected on the basis of the structural model, the reflections expected for these phases are determined and the at least one X-ray detector is correspondingly positioned.
  • a first possibility of the method is to determine, as the actual value of the structural parameter, whether a phase expected in the rolling stock is already present at a given time and to determine the proportion of the phase present in the rolling stock. If X-ray radiation is diffracted in the predefined direction, ie if a reflex is measured, it can be concluded that the phase or the lattice plane from which the reflex was generated is present in the rolling stock. A phase which is present in the rolling stock is thus identified on the basis of the occurrence of a reflection at a specific position or an absolute intensity of the X-ray radiation diffracted in a predetermined direction. By prior calibration, it is also possible to determine the proportion of the phase present in the rolling stock.
  • the intensity of the X-radiation diffracted from the rolling stock is measured at least at two different positions, and at least the proportion of a phase present in the rolling stock is determined by comparing the measured intensities as the actual value of the structural parameter. If an X-ray detector which can detect a sufficiently large angular range is used, or if the reflections or the X-radiation diffracted in the at least two directions are within a sufficiently small angular range, it is sufficient to use an X-ray detector with a correspondingly large receiving surface. However, it is advisable to use two or more X-ray detectors, which are arranged at the different positions. The comparison of the measured intensities can take place, for example, by subtraction or by determining a ratio of the maximum intensities.
  • the two X-ray detectors are arranged at two positions at which the occurrence of a reflex is expected for each phase. From the ratio of the maximum intensities of the two reflections to each other a statement about the relationship of the phases to one another and thus the proportion of the respective phase in the rolling stock can be determined. The proportion of a phase is thus determined on the basis of a relative intensity of the diffracted X-radiation. This makes it possible to determine several phases simultaneously and thus quantitatively detect the structure of the rolling stock, after prior calibration.
  • the actual value of the structure parameter is determined by comparing an intensity profile of the X-ray radiation diffracted by the rolling stock into the at least one predetermined direction with an expected intensity profile. Due to the movement of the rolling stock during the measurement, temperature and microstructure fluctuations as well as the polycrystalline property of the rolling stock results for a reflex no single peak of intensity, but over a small angular range extended intensity profile. For example, causes a smaller grain size a shorter coherence length and thus an expansion, so a broadening of the reflex.
  • the expected intensity profile can be determined, for example, based on the expected phases and grain sizes, as well as the temperature and calibrated using the measurement conditions, eg focus conditions.
  • the particle size can be determined therefrom, for example, from the maximum intensity of the fraction of a phase or for grain sizes smaller than 0.2 ⁇ m from the half-width of the intensity profile using the Scherrer equation.
  • a time profile of the intensity of the X-ray radiation diffracted in the at least one predetermined direction is measured, and from this a change in the actual value of the structural parameter as a function of a position in the rolling stock is determined.
  • the intensity of the same reflex measured and from each of them the actual value of the structural parameter, e.g. the proportion of a phase determined. It is thus possible to check whether the actual value of the structural parameter is constant over the length of the rolling stock or whether deviations or fluctuations occur.
  • a temperature of the rolling stock is measured and taken into account in determining the actual value of the structural parameter, a dependence of the intensity of the temperature, the accuracy of the method is increased.
  • the temperature is measured as possible in the focal spot.
  • the lattice constants of the individual phases are temperature-dependent, so that two effects can occur in online X-ray diffractometry.
  • the crystal vibrations increase with increasing temperature, which leads to a lower intensity of the reflexes.
  • larger lattice constants result, so that the diffraction maxima of the intensities of Move reflections to smaller angles. At lower temperatures, accordingly, a shift to larger angles occurs.
  • the measured intensity is corrected on the basis of a known relationship of the influence of the temperature, ie the temperature influence is calculated out.
  • the position in which the occurrence of the reflex is expected can also be corrected and the X-ray detector can thus be arranged at this corrected position.
  • a position of the rolling stock is determined during processing and kept constant the distance between at least one X-ray source used to generate the X-ray radiation and the at least one X-ray detector to the rolling stock during the processing of the rolling stock.
  • a height position of the rolling stock e.g. detected by laser measurement, and the X-ray source and the X-ray detector are tracked to achieve a correction of the focus or to keep this constant over the processing time.
  • the actual value of the structural parameter of the rolling stock is compared with a nominal value of the structural parameter and depending on a difference between the actual value and the nominal value of the structural parameter, at least one process parameter for processing the rolling stock is influenced or varies.
  • the at least one process parameter is thereby adapted, in particular, on the basis of a model which reflects the rolling process.
  • the process parameter is controlled and / or regulated.
  • Such a desired value of the structure parameter is determined, for example, on the basis of the texture model or predefined directly so that the rolling stock has desired mechanical properties at the end of the rolling process.
  • At least one process parameter to be changed is determined, for example, based on the model depicting the rolling process, in order to match the actual value to the setpoint value.
  • a temperature or cooling rate can be used as the process parameter and, for example, the control of the cooling section of the rolling train can be adapted.
  • Another process parameter would be, for example, the speed at which the rolling stock passes through the rolling train.
  • the actual value of the structure parameter in particular a phase present in the rolling stock, is used to adapt the texture model.
  • conclusions can be drawn on occurring phase transformations and the structural model can be improved.
  • monochromatic X-radiation is used.
  • a monochromator is arranged in front of the X-ray source in order, for example, to use only high-intensity K ⁇ radiation.
  • an anode material in order to avoid interfering X-ray fluorescence, a material adapted to the rolling stock, for example Fe or Cr for steel, is used.
  • a second alternative is to use white X-radiation and to perform an energy-dispersive measurement of intensity.
  • an X-ray spectrometer is used as the X-ray detector.
  • the second object is achieved with a device according to the features of claim 16 with at least one X-ray source for generating X-radiation, with at least one X-ray detector for measuring the diffracted from the rolling stock in at least one predetermined direction X-ray radiation and with a control and evaluation in the one Software for implementing a method according to one of the preceding claims is implemented.
  • the at least one X-ray source and the at least one X-ray detector are arranged at a distance of 0.1-3m, about 2m, to the rolling stock. This places high demands on the collimation and the coherence of the X-ray beam, which is why it is advantageous to use an X-ray tube which is about 10 times more powerful than in laboratory equipment.
  • the X-ray source is an existing X-ray source used for measuring the thickness of the rolling stock, so that no additional X-ray source has to be arranged in the rolling train.
  • an X-ray detector it is possible to use a dot detector, e.g. a counter tube or scintillation counter, and to move it during the measurement of the intensity in an angular range.
  • the X-ray detector is an area detector. Since the lattice constant is temperature-dependent, there is a slight shift in the intensity maxima, a smaller grain size leads to an expansion of the reflections.
  • an area detector which advantageously has a resolution greater than 0.1 °, such a shift can be detected and a widening of the reflections, ie a distribution of the intensity over an angular range, can be detected reliably.
  • the device advantageously comprises a first measuring device for determining the position of the rolling stock during processing.
  • a measuring device may for example be an optical distance measuring device with a laser as the light source.
  • a second measuring device for determining the temperature of the rolling stock is provided.
  • the measuring device is arranged in particular at a position in which the temperature in the focal spot can be measured.
  • both a separate and an already existing in the rolling mill temperature measuring device can be used.
  • the at least one x-ray source comprises a diaphragm which has at least two regions with mutually different apertures. Due to different diffraction angles of the individual lattice planes of the expected phases, the focuses of the respective expected reflections are not all on the goniometer circle, i. the circle on which the X-ray source and the X-ray detector are arranged at the same distance to the rolling stock, but on different focus circles, which have a different distance to the rolling stock.
  • a shutter with different apertures or opening widths which is adaptable to each focus circle, thus improved focus is possible.
  • the at least one X-ray detector is radially displaceable and can be positioned on the different focus circles.
  • the at least one X-ray detector is arranged in the focus of the expected reflex.
  • the focus circle can be determined from the diffraction angle for the expected reflections using the circumferential angle set.
  • FIG. 1 is a section of a rolling train 2 with two rollers 4 exemplified for the processing of rolling stock 6, shown here a steel strip.
  • an X-ray source 8 for irradiating the rolling stock 6 with X-ray X is arranged.
  • the X-ray source 8 is the thickness measurement
  • an X-ray detector 10 is arranged in the rolling zone 2 in the focus of the X-ray X 'with which the intensity I of an X-radiation X' diffracted by the rolling stock 6 in a predetermined direction R is measured.
  • the X-ray detector 10 is designed as a surface detector.
  • the X-ray source 8 and the X-ray detector 10 are according to FIG FIG.
  • the X-ray source 8 and the X-ray detector 10 can be arranged in any relative position to the rolling train 2 or to the rolling stock 6, for example also such that the plane spanned by them is perpendicular or transverse to the rolling direction.
  • the X-ray measurement can also be carried out at several, freely selectable positions x of the rolling stock 6 transversely to the rolling direction, that is, for example, at the edge and in the middle of the rolling stock 6 both simultaneously and successively.
  • a control and evaluation unit 12 is present.
  • a first measuring device 14 for determining a position of the rolling stock 6 during the processing of the rolling stock 6 are provided in the rolling train 2. During processing of the rolling stock 6, this fluctuates in the direction of the arrow H in height. With the first measuring device 14, the position of the rolling stock 6 is determined, and the X-ray source 8 and the X-ray detector 10 are vertically displaced in the direction of the arrow H, in order to ensure a constant distance d, d 'between them and the rolling stock 6, in this way Even with fluctuating height of the rolling stock 6 reflections with high and comparable intensity I to get.
  • a second measuring device 16 is provided with which the temperature of the rolling stock 6, as close as possible or in the region of the focal spot of the X-radiation, is determined.
  • the rolling stock 6 is irradiated with X-radiation X generated by an X-ray source 8.
  • an X-ray detector 10 With an X-ray detector 10, the intensity I of the rolling stock 6 diffracted in the predetermined direction R X-ray X 'is measured.
  • the X-ray detector 10 is positioned in such a way that the intensity I of the X-radiation X 'diffracted by a crystallite 18 of a phase of the rolling stock 6 and emitted therefrom in the direction R is detected.
  • the phases present or expected in the rolling stock 6 and the reflexes expected for the phase are determined, for example, on the basis of a structural model which takes into account, for example, the temperature and degree of deformation of the rolling stock 6 and the Bragg condition, and the X-ray detector 10 is arranged in a position. in which the occurrence of a specific reflex is expected.
  • the crystallite 18 of a first phase is present, for example, as austenite with a cubic surface-centered structure.
  • the X-ray detector 10 is thus arranged in a position in which the occurrence of a reflection with a certain diffraction angle ⁇ i , here for example for a (111) -lattice plane of the austenitic crystallite 18, is expected.
  • FIG. 2 shows the with a device according to FIG. 1 Measured intensity I, on the basis of which an actual value of a structure parameter S actual of the rolling stock 6 is determined.
  • the measured intensity I is maximal at a diffraction angle ⁇ i for which one lattice plane of the crystallite 18, here the (111) lattice plane, satisfies the Bragg condition.
  • ⁇ i for example one lattice plane of the crystallite 18, here the (111) lattice plane
  • FIG. 2 is in addition to the measured intensity I dashed a corrected on the basis of the measured temperature of the rolling 6 corrected intensity I K.
  • a high temperature of the rolling stock 6 leads to a due to lattice vibrations Reduction of maximum intensity I max .
  • the temperature influence is calculated out of the intensity profile and the actual value of the structure parameter S actual is determined on the basis of the corrected, measured intensity.
  • the corrected intensity I K thus has a higher maximum intensity I max than the measured intensity I.
  • a high temperature can also cause a shift of the diffraction angle ⁇ i at which a reflection of a certain lattice plane occurs to smaller angles. Such a shift can also be determined with the aid of the temperature influence and taken into account, for example, during the positioning of the X-ray detector 10.
  • the intensity I of the X-ray radiation diffracted by the rolling stock 6 is measured at two different positions with two X-ray detectors 10.
  • the two X-ray detectors 10 are arranged in two positions in which the occurrence of two different, specific reflections is expected.
  • FIG. 4 shows an intensity profile measured with such a device.
  • the rolling stock 6 has two different, through the two crystallites 18 shown phases. In both crystallites 18 lattice planes are present, which fulfill the Bragg condition at the set angle of incidence of the X-radiation X.
  • the diffracted by the two crystallites 18 X-ray X ' is thereby diffracted in two different, predetermined directions R, in each of which an X-ray detector 10 is arranged.
  • a crystallite 18 is present as austenite, the other crystallite as ferrite, so that the Bragg condition for different diffraction angles ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 is satisfied, and diffracted by the rolling stock 6 X-ray X 'diffracted in two different predetermined directions R.
  • the proportion of at least one of the phases can be determined.
  • the intensity I 1 of the first phase shows 2 times the maximum intensity I max compared to the intensity I 2 of the second phase.
  • the ratio of the first phase to the second phase is thus 2: 1.
  • the reflections expected at these positions need not necessarily originate from different phases present in the rolling stock 6. It is also conceivable to simultaneously measure the intensities of a plurality of reflections of the same phase, but of different lattice planes, for example the x-ray radiation X 'diffracted at one (111) and one (200) grid plane of the austenitic phase, in order to increase the accuracy. An intensity profile obtained in this way can in turn be compared with an expected intensity profile.
  • FIG. 5 a device with an X-ray source 8 and two X-ray detectors 10 is shown, wherein the X-ray source 8 on a Goniometer réelle G and the X-ray detectors 10 along the arrows shown on the Goniometer réelle G and in the direction of the rolling stock 6 and away from it are movable or freely positionable.
  • the X-ray detectors 10 are thus radially displaceable and positionable on different focus circles. This offers over a permanently installed device, ie without moving X-ray source 8 and X-ray detector 10, the advantage that with the same performance of the X-ray source 8 higher intensities in the X-ray detector 10 can be detected, as is always measured under focusing conditions.
  • each phase or a lattice plane of a phase present in the rolling stock 6 has a different diffraction angle ⁇ i , and thus generates x-ray radiation X 'diffracted in different predetermined directions R.
  • the foci of the individual reflections do not lie on a goniometer circle G, but each on a focus circle F i of the respective diffraction angle ⁇ i .
  • the focus circle F 2 is the focus circle F 2 at a smaller diffraction angle ⁇ i shifted outwards.
  • a shutter 22 is used which is at least two regions different from each other Apertures.
  • the aperture 22 is configured here as a slit diaphragm whose slots have different opening widths W 1 , W 2 , so that the diaphragm 22 can be adapted to any focus circle.
  • the diffracted X-radiation X ' has a low intensity
  • a low intensity occurs, for example, if not enough randomly oriented crystallites 18 are present in the rolling stock 6 or for a single reading a long integration time is needed.
  • By shifting the X-ray sources 8 along the arrows on the goniometer circuit G it is possible to set an angle of incidence for each lattice plane or phase present under which the Bragg condition is satisfied and thus a high intensity I can be measured.
  • the X-ray detectors 10 are likewise positioned by shifting on the goniometer circuit G in accordance with the predetermined direction R, in which the occurrence of the individual reflections at the set incident angle is expected. Such a configuration is also advantageous in terms of design since it is sufficient to move the X-ray detectors 10 on the goniometer circuit G and not have to freely position these on their respective focus circle F i .
  • the plurality of X-ray sources 8 and a plurality of X-ray detectors 10 can also be positioned in pairs on a respective focus circle.
  • a monochromator 20 is arranged in order to focus the diffracted X-radiation X '.
  • FIG. 8 is a time course of the intensity I of an expected reflection, here an expected reflection of the austenitic phase in the rolling stock 6, and the determined therefrom curve of the actual value of the structure parameter S actual , here the proportion of the austenitic phase, depending on a position x of Rolled good 6, that is, for example, a portion of the steel strip shown.
  • the intensity deviates I from a constant course.
  • the actual value of the structure parameter S actual determined on the basis of the intensity I shows a uniform deviation which can be assigned to a position x 0 of the rolling stock 6. As part of the quality assurance, for example, such a portion of the rolling stock 6 can be sorted out.
  • a process parameter for processing the rolling stock 6 can also be influenced by a comparison of the actual value of the structural parameter S actual with a target value of the structural parameter S desired as a function of the difference, so that the actual value of the structural parameter S Is at a time t 1 and at a position x 1 again the desired value of the structure parameter S Soll corresponds (shown in phantom).
  • the process parameter, eg temperature or speed of the rolling stock 6, is thereby adapted, in particular, on the basis of a model which depicts the rolling process.
  • the process parameter can be controlled or regulated.
  • FIG. 9 shows an alternative device with a fixed X-ray source 8 and a fixed X-ray detector 10, in which white X-ray radiation is used.
  • the X-ray detector 10 is designed as an X-ray spectrometer 24 and an energy-dispersive measurement of the intensity I of the X-ray X 'diffracted on the rolling stock 6 is carried out.
  • the wavelength of the incident X-ray X is varied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
EP13189223.4A 2013-10-18 2013-10-18 Procédé et dispositif de traitement de produits laminés dans une voie de laminage Revoked EP2862640B1 (fr)

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EP13189223.4A EP2862640B1 (fr) 2013-10-18 2013-10-18 Procédé et dispositif de traitement de produits laminés dans une voie de laminage
CN201410552845.1A CN104561518A (zh) 2013-10-18 2014-10-17 用于在轧钢机中加工轧件的方法和设备

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