EP2857560B1 - Procédé plasma-chimique destiné à fabriquer des couches en céramique oxydée noires et objet revêtu correspondant - Google Patents
Procédé plasma-chimique destiné à fabriquer des couches en céramique oxydée noires et objet revêtu correspondant Download PDFInfo
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- EP2857560B1 EP2857560B1 EP14184217.9A EP14184217A EP2857560B1 EP 2857560 B1 EP2857560 B1 EP 2857560B1 EP 14184217 A EP14184217 A EP 14184217A EP 2857560 B1 EP2857560 B1 EP 2857560B1
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- mol
- electrolyte
- oxide ceramic
- iron
- ammonium
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- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FRHBOQMZUOWXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K azane;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;iron(3+) Chemical compound N.[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FRHBOQMZUOWXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004313 iron ammonium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000000011 iron ammonium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007745 plasma electrolytic oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- PLKYGPRDCKGEJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;iron Chemical compound N.[Fe].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O PLKYGPRDCKGEJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017916 MgMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 borate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UXOLDCOJRAMLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-chloro-2-hydroxyiminoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(Cl)=NO UXOLDCOJRAMLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(6+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+6].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021324 titanium aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003681 vanadium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
- C25D11/10—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing organic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/14—Producing integrally coloured layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/26—Anodisation of refractory metals or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/30—Anodisation of magnesium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/16—Pretreatment, e.g. desmutting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plasma-chemical process for producing black oxide ceramic layers on light metals, in particular aluminum, titanium, magnesium or their alloys, after the process of anodic oxidation with spark discharge in aqueous electrolytes.
- ANOF anodic oxidation under spark discharge
- PCO plasma chemical oxidation
- PEO plasma electrolytic oxidation
- ASD anodic sparc deposition
- MAO micro arc oxidation
- this anodic oxidation in aqueous electrolytes is a gas-solid state reaction under plasma conditions in which the high energy input at the base of the discharge column on the anode produces liquid metal which forms a short-time fused oxide with the activated oxygen.
- the layer formation takes place via partial anodes.
- the spark discharge is preceded by a forming area ( P. short; Dechema monographs Volume 121 - VCH Verlagsgesellschaft 1990, page 167-180 with further references).
- the electrolytes have been combined to combine their positive properties to produce high quality anodic oxide ceramic layers on aluminum. By combining different salts, higher salt concentrations in the electrolyte bath and thus higher viscosities can be achieved.
- Such high-viscosity electrolytes have a high heat capacity, stabilize the formed oxygen film on the anode and thus guarantee a uniform oxide layer formation (DD-WP 142 360).
- SPK current density potential
- On the metal or metal alloy is naturally a barrier layer. By increasing the voltage of the anodically poled metal, the barrier layer grows. Then, at the phase boundary metal / gas / electrolyte partially an oxygen plasma, through which forms the oxide ceramic layer.
- the metal ion in the oxide ceramic layer is derived from the metal, the oxygen from the anodic reaction in the aqueous electrolyte used.
- the oxide ceramic is in the determined plasma temperatures of about 7,000 Kelvin liquid.
- the time is sufficient for the melt of the oxide ceramic to contract well, thus forming a sintered, low-porosity ceramic oxide layer.
- the melt of the oxide ceramic is rapidly cooled by the electrolyte and the still migrating gases, in particular oxygen and water vapor leave an oxide ceramic layer with a marmaschig linked capillary system.
- the DD 299 595 and DD 299 596 describe the preparation of black conversion coatings on light metals using electrolytes containing chromate.
- DD 221 762 A1 and DD 257 275 A1 For example, it is known to add metal salts such as iron hexacyanoferrate, nickel, cobalt, or chromium salts to the electrolyte to produce dark colored oxide layers.
- metal salts such as iron hexacyanoferrate, nickel, cobalt, or chromium salts
- the known processes use substances of concern in the electrolytes, in particular carcinogenic chromium salts, or those metal salts which are on the ECHA list ( http://echa.europa.eu ), since they are classified as environmental and / or or hazardous to health.
- black ceramic films can be prepared by microarc oxidation (MAO) with an electrolyte containing sodium fluoride (DATABASE WPI, Week 201163, Thomson Scientific, London, GB; AN 2011-L6540 & CN 102 154 673 A ).
- MAO microarc oxidation
- electrolytes containing molybdenum, cobalt, chromium or nickel or cyanide ions or other substances of concern should no longer be used in the future because they can lead to work safety or environmental problems.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a process for producing black oxide ceramic layers on aluminum, magnesium, titanium or their alloys and special materials containing these materials after the process of anodic oxidation under spark discharge (ANOF), are used in the electrolytes, the low pollution and easy to handle.
- the electrolytes should not contain molybdenum, cobalt, chromium and nickel ions as well as cyanide ions and borates.
- Black and durable oxide ceramic layers can be produced with the invention whose layer thickness can be varied over a wide range.
- Deep black in the sense of the invention is understood as meaning all layers which have values of L * less than or equal to 30 according to the CIE L * a * b * system.
- aluminum and its alloys come pure aluminum and alloys with the main component aluminum, such as the aluminum wrought alloys of the series EN-AW 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, or the aluminum casting alloys series EN-AC 21000, 21100 , 42000, 43000, 43200, 43400, 44300, 46000, 46200, 47000, 47100, 48000, 51000, 51100 in question.
- Magnesium and its alloys include pure magnesium and the magnesium casting alloys of the ASTM designations AS41, AM60, AZ61, AZ63, AZ81, AZ91, AZ92, HK31, QE22, ZE41, ZH62, ZK51, ZK61, EZ33, HZ32 and the wrought alloys AZ31, AZ61, AZ 80, M1, ZK60, ZK40 in question.
- pure titanium or titanium alloys such as TiAl6V4; Use TiAl5Fe2.5 and others.
- special materials with aluminum, magnesium, titanium or their alloys are, for example, intermetallic compounds or phases, such as titanium aluminides, in question.
- the electrolyte has a pH of 5.4 to 10.0 in the case of anodic oxidation.
- the electrolyte may also contain inorganic or organic anions. Preference is given to 0.2 to 0.9 mol / L of a phosphate of an alkali metal, preferably a dihydrogen phosphate or pyrophosphate, in particular potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium pyrophosphate, and / or 0.15 to 0.5 mol / L of citric acid or its salts. Citrates are particularly preferred because they support a controlled spark process. Phosphates allow better layer growth.
- the electrolyte contains 0.8 to 2.9 mol / L, preferably 0.8 to 2.1 mol / L of a stabilizer, in particular hexamethylenetetramine.
- iron and vanadium salts are added to the electrolyte to obtain the desired black color of the oxide ceramic layer.
- deep black and thick layers are obtained by the combination of iron and vanadium according to the invention.
- the presence of both metal salts is imperative.
- no deep black layers within the meaning of the invention are obtained with just one of the two metal salts.
- ammonium iron (III) citrate and ammonium (mono) vanadate are used for this purpose in a concentration of 0.04 to 0.09 mol / L and 0.035 to 0.090 mol / L.
- An electrolyte temperature of 15 to 60, preferably up to 40 degrees Celsius has proven to be particularly suitable.
- the current density used is between 0.02 and 0.10 Acm -2 , preferably 0.04 to 0.08 Acm -2 , without having to compromise on the quality and layer thickness of the oxide ceramic layers.
- the current density is kept constant until a final voltage below 1000 V, preferably 300 to 650 V is reached.
- the oxide ceramic layers obtainable by means of the invention can have a layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and consist of oxides, in particular spinels, of aluminum, iron and vanadium.
- the electrolyte combinations according to the invention deep black (of L * less than or equal to 30, see above) and also adhesive layer thicknesses greater than 50 ⁇ m can be produced for the first time.
- the electrolyte combination according to the invention allows the production of thin or thick deep black and also adhesive layers of up to 100 microns.
- the electrolyte is low in pollutants and easy to handle, so no molybdenum, cobalt, chromium and nickel ions and Contains cyanide ions and borate ions.
- the electrolyte solutions were freshly prepared and placed in conventional anodic oxidation equipment. Prior to oxidation, all sample plates were degreased with a commercially available cleaner and then immersed in the electrolyte baths and contacted. The voltage was applied with a rectifier of the company RGB (30A / 380V). After about 10 min. the voltages were in the range of 230 to 290 volts.
- the sample plates were removed, cleaned by conventional methods and examined.
- the samples were subjected to characterization of the layer according to the CIE L * a * b * system according to DIN EN ISO 11664-4, layer thickness measurements and cross-hatch tests in accordance with DIN 2499.
- the layer thickness measurements were carried out with the specified measuring device from Helmut Fischer GmbH & Co. KG (see above). For each sample plate, 10 measurements of layer thickness were made and the mean reported.
- Querschliffuntersuchungen show that in the comparison variant according to DD 221 762 A1 to EN-AW 6082 AlSi1MgMn there are large variations in layer thickness, in some cases the oxide layer is not closed ( Fig.1 and 2 ).
- the layer thickness according to Embodiment 1 ( 3 and 4 ) is significantly higher and more homogeneous than that of the comparison variant.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Procédé plasma-chimique pour la production de couches de céramique oxydée noire sur de l'aluminium, du magnésium, du titane ou de leurs alliages ainsi que sur des matériaux spéciaux contenant ces matières, lesquels comportent des composés intermétalliques d'aluminium, de magnésium, de titane ou de leurs alliages, après le processus d'oxydation anodique dans un électrolyte aqueux qui présente une teneur en fer et en vanadium, caractérisé en ce que l'électrolyte contient de 0,04 à 0,09 mol/l de citrate de fer(III) et d'ammonium et de 0,035 à 0,090 mol/l de (mono)vanadate d'ammonium.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'électrolyte a une valeur de pH de 5,4 à 10,0.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'électrolyte contient de 0,15 à 0,5 mol/l d'acide citrique ou de ses sels.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'électrolyte contient de 0,8 à 2,9 mol/l d'un agent stabilisant, en particulier de l'hexaméthylènetétramine.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'électrolyte contient de 0,2 à 0,9 mol/l d'un phosphate d'un métal alcalin, de préférence un dihydrogénophosphate ou un pyrophosphate, en particulier du dihydrogénophosphate de potassium ou du pyrophosphate de potassium.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le bain d'électrolyte a une température de 15 à 60 degrés Celsius.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la densité de courant appliquée est de 0,02 à 0,10 Acm-2, de préférence de 0,04 à 0,08 Acm-2.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une tension finale inférieure à 1000 V, de préférence de 300 à 650 V, est atteinte.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les couches de céramique oxydée produites ont une épaisseur de couche dans la gamme de 5 µm à 100 µm.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les couches de céramique oxydée produites sont constituées d'oxydes, en particulier de spinelles, d'aluminium, de fer et de vanadium.
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DE102013110660.9A DE102013110660A1 (de) | 2013-09-26 | 2013-09-26 | Plasmachemisches Verfahren zur Herstellung schwarzer Oxidkeramikschichten und entsprechend beschichteter Gegenstand |
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EP2857560A1 EP2857560A1 (fr) | 2015-04-08 |
EP2857560B1 true EP2857560B1 (fr) | 2017-03-22 |
EP2857560B2 EP2857560B2 (fr) | 2020-04-22 |
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EP14184217.9A Active EP2857560B2 (fr) | 2013-09-26 | 2014-09-10 | Procédé plasma-chimique destiné à fabriquer des couches en céramique oxydée noires et objet revêtu correspondant |
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US (1) | US20150083598A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2857560B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102013110660A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102022206126A1 (de) | 2022-06-20 | 2023-03-09 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Bauteil zum Einsatz in einer Projektionsbelichtungsanlage |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013110660A1 (de) | 2013-09-26 | 2015-03-26 | AHC Oberflächentechnik GmbH | Plasmachemisches Verfahren zur Herstellung schwarzer Oxidkeramikschichten und entsprechend beschichteter Gegenstand |
WO2019098378A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-23 | 株式会社東亜電化 | Élément métallique en magnésium ou en aluminium doté d'un revêtement d'oxyde noir, et son procédé de fabrication |
DE102018110905A1 (de) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-07 | Lucas Automotive Gmbh | Elektrode für ein Eloxal-Verfahren |
US11032930B2 (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-06-08 | Apple Inc. | Titanium surfaces with improved color consistency and resistance to color change |
US20220251723A1 (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2022-08-11 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Method for manufacturing a component, component and gas hob |
CN111058077B (zh) * | 2020-01-19 | 2022-03-22 | 常州大学 | 一种用于微弧氧化黑色陶瓷膜的电解液及其制备方法和微弧氧化方法 |
CN112663112B (zh) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-10-04 | 斯特凯新材料(上海)有限公司 | 一种电解液及镁合金复合氧化黑色陶瓷膜的制备方法 |
CN114016108B (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-11-25 | 哈尔滨三泳金属表面技术有限公司 | 一种高硅高铜压铸铝合金的表面氧化膜及其制备工艺 |
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WO2003021009A2 (fr) | 2001-08-03 | 2003-03-13 | Elisha Holding Llc | Procede de traitement d'une surface conductrice et produits formes a partir de ladite surface |
US20070221508A1 (en) | 2006-03-25 | 2007-09-27 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for anodizing magnesium products |
US20070246691A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for anodizing magnesium products |
EP2103718A1 (fr) | 2006-09-28 | 2009-09-23 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Procédé destiné à appliquer un film de céramique sur un métal, solution d'électrolyse destinée à être utilisée dans le procédé, film de céramique et matériau métallique |
EP2857560A1 (fr) | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-08 | AHC-Oberflächentechnik GmbH | Procédé plasma-chimique destiné à fabriquer des couches en céramique oxydée noires et objet revêtu correspondant |
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DD221762A1 (de) | 1983-12-28 | 1985-05-02 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul | Verfahren zur erzeugung einer strahlungsabsorbierenden oberflaeche |
US4659440A (en) | 1985-10-24 | 1987-04-21 | Rudolf Hradcovsky | Method of coating articles of aluminum and an electrolytic bath therefor |
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DD257275A1 (de) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-06-08 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul | Dekorativer ueberzug auf metallen |
DD299596A7 (de) | 1989-07-19 | 1992-04-30 | Jenoptik Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh Werk Entw. Wiss.-Techn. Ausruestungen,De | Elektrolyt zur erzeugung schwarzer konversionsschichten auf leichtmetallen |
DD299595A7 (de) | 1989-07-19 | 1992-04-30 | Jenoptik Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh Werk Entw. Wiss.-Techn. Ausruestungen,De | Schwarze konversionsschichten auf titanwerkstoffen |
DE4139006C3 (de) | 1991-11-27 | 2003-07-10 | Electro Chem Eng Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Oxidkeramikschichten auf sperrschichtbildenden Metallen und auf diese Weise erzeugte Gegenstände aus Aluminium, Magnesium, Titan oder deren Legierungen mit einer Oxidkeramikschicht |
DE10127770A1 (de) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Korrosionsschutzschichten auf Oberflächen aus Magnesium oder Magnesiumlegierungen |
DE102008043970A1 (de) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-05-27 | Biotronik Vi Patent Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer korrosionshemmenden Beschichtung auf einem Implantat aus einer biokorrodierbaren Magnesiumlegierung sowie nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Implantat |
CN102154673B (zh) * | 2011-04-12 | 2012-10-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第十二研究所 | 在铝合金表面制备环保型微弧氧化黑色陶瓷膜的方法 |
DE102011055644B4 (de) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-29 | Verein zur Förderung von Innovationen durch Forschung, Entwicklung und Technologietransfer e.V. (Verein INNOVENT e.V.) | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer schwarzen oxidkeramischen Oberflächenschicht auf einem Bauteil aus einer Leichtmetalllegierung |
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2013
- 2013-09-26 DE DE102013110660.9A patent/DE102013110660A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2014
- 2014-09-10 EP EP14184217.9A patent/EP2857560B2/fr active Active
- 2014-09-22 US US14/492,739 patent/US20150083598A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2003021009A2 (fr) | 2001-08-03 | 2003-03-13 | Elisha Holding Llc | Procede de traitement d'une surface conductrice et produits formes a partir de ladite surface |
US20070221508A1 (en) | 2006-03-25 | 2007-09-27 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for anodizing magnesium products |
US20070246691A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for anodizing magnesium products |
EP2103718A1 (fr) | 2006-09-28 | 2009-09-23 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Procédé destiné à appliquer un film de céramique sur un métal, solution d'électrolyse destinée à être utilisée dans le procédé, film de céramique et matériau métallique |
EP2857560A1 (fr) | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-08 | AHC-Oberflächentechnik GmbH | Procédé plasma-chimique destiné à fabriquer des couches en céramique oxydée noires et objet revêtu correspondant |
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DE102022206126A1 (de) | 2022-06-20 | 2023-03-09 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Bauteil zum Einsatz in einer Projektionsbelichtungsanlage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2857560B2 (fr) | 2020-04-22 |
EP2857560A1 (fr) | 2015-04-08 |
US20150083598A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
DE102013110660A1 (de) | 2015-03-26 |
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