EP2857101B1 - Dispositif de broyage doté d'un clapet de maintenance - Google Patents

Dispositif de broyage doté d'un clapet de maintenance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2857101B1
EP2857101B1 EP13186953.9A EP13186953A EP2857101B1 EP 2857101 B1 EP2857101 B1 EP 2857101B1 EP 13186953 A EP13186953 A EP 13186953A EP 2857101 B1 EP2857101 B1 EP 2857101B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
opening
shredding device
service hatch
maintenance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13186953.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2857101A1 (fr
Inventor
Manuel Lindner
Peter Schiffer
Mario EGGER
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP13186953.9A priority Critical patent/EP2857101B1/fr
Priority to US14/496,705 priority patent/US9795969B2/en
Priority to CN201410513307.1A priority patent/CN104668064B/zh
Priority to BR102014024257-0A priority patent/BR102014024257B1/pt
Publication of EP2857101A1 publication Critical patent/EP2857101A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2857101B1 publication Critical patent/EP2857101B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2233—Feed means of ram or pusher type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C2018/162—Shape or inner surface of shredder-housings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49721—Repairing with disassembling
    • Y10T29/49723—Repairing with disassembling including reconditioning of part

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a comminution device for comminuting material, in particular in the form of waste products, and more particularly to a comminuting device having a service flap.
  • a central element of a conventional crusher is a rotor unit comprising a rotor provided with tacks or knives, e.g. B. can be provided with concave ground Rundschneidkronen equipped.
  • the knives are attached, for example, by screwing on knife carriers, which are welded in knife pockets or z. B. can be screwed, which are milled into the rotor.
  • the comminution of the discontinued material occurs between the blades rotating with the rotor and stationary ones, i. non-rotating counter knives (stator knives, scraper combs).
  • the discontinued material can be pressed by an example load-dependent controlled Nachdrück adopted in the direction of the rotating rotor. After crushing between the rotating knives and the counter knives, the material is discharged through a sieve, which determines the crushing factor in accordance with the size of the sieve, and further transported by means of a conveyor belt, a screw conveyor, a chain conveyor or an extraction system.
  • drawer pusher in particular for a residual wood crusher are known, which are mounted mounted on guides.
  • these guides pollute in the course of the crushing operation, whereby a perfect crushing operation can be disturbed.
  • the drawer pusher increases the space requirement of the crushing device.
  • the pusher is pivotally completely or not completely integrated in the feed and crushing space of the comminution device.
  • An example of an in operation pivotable and fully integrated in the task and crushing space of the crushing device is in the EP 2 218 508 A1 described.
  • FIG. 1 shows by way of example a section through a known in the art crushing device 1, as shown for example in the EP 2 218 508 A1 will be described, with a push button 2, which moves by a pivoting movement of the material to be crushed to the rotor 3.
  • the crushing device 1 has a maintenance flap 4 in the interior.
  • a maintenance person 5 is allowed to carry out maintenance work on the rotor 3, for example a blade change, standing on the floor of the interior 6.
  • the maintenance flap 4 is articulated at one end to a rotation axis 7 and can be opened by pivoting about the rotation axis 7.
  • the maintenance flap 4 is part of a push-back wall 8, along which the push-pull 2, which has a pivoting arm 2a and a push-on surface 2b, executes its pivotal movement.
  • a crushing device that is, a crushing device for crushing material comprising a housing, a rotor in the housing, and a pusher which is pivotable about an axis so as to urge the material to be crushed toward the rotor , includes.
  • the shredding device comprises a maintenance flap which is mounted on the housing and adapted to be in an open state (maintenance state) a first opening in the housing with access to the rotor and a second opening in the housing with access to the bottom the pusher, especially when this is pivoted in the maintenance state up releases.
  • the maintenance flap may be configured such that the first opening does not release the bottom of the pusher since it is partially bounded by one side of the service flap. In the opened state of the maintenance flap, the first opening may thus be separated from the second opening by a part of the opened maintenance flap.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the idea that the first and second openings formed in the housing of the comminution device can be used for maintenance purposes. So can be done through the first opening, the maintenance of the rotor.
  • the second opening makes it possible to clean the underside of the replacer and in particular an impression surface thereof. Above all, the cleaning of the underside of the Nachdrückers the crusher requires no cumbersome disassembly of machine components, so that downtime for maintenance purposes compared to the prior art can be significantly reduced.
  • the material to be shredded may in particular be wood, plastic or textile waste products or other industrial, agricultural and household waste.
  • the first and second openings are formed in the housing of the comminution device, both for maintenance purposes can be used.
  • maintenance of the rotor can take place through the first opening. It can be designed so that a maintenance person can get into the interior of the housing through it.
  • the second opening makes it possible to clean the underside of the replacer and in particular an impression surface thereof. For this purpose, no maintenance person must enter the interior of the housing of the crushing device.
  • cleaning the underside of the crusher replacer does not require cumbersome disassembly of machine components, such as hydraulic cylinders, provided to move the pry or service flap. Downtimes for waiting purposes, in particular the cleaning of the Nachdrückers, can be significantly reduced compared to the prior art.
  • the maintenance flap may be hinged between a first and a second end thereof on a rotation axis and the first opening extending below the rotation axis and the second opening extending above the rotation axis.
  • "Below” or “below” and “above” or “above” are used here and below in the usual sense, with “below” or “below” a gravitational center of an external gravitational field closer than “above” or “above " lie.
  • the maintenance flap is thereby pivoted during the opening thereof about the axis of rotation, wherein the second end may be in the closed state of the maintenance flap below the axis of rotation, while the first end may be in the closed state of the maintenance flap above the axis of rotation. During the opening of the maintenance flap then the second end can be pivoted to above the axis of rotation.
  • the maintenance flap may comprise a first area with the first end and a second area with the second end, wherein the first and the second area on the axis of rotation into each other and the second area in the opened state of the maintenance flap at least for the most part above the axis of rotation located.
  • the thus constructed maintenance flap allows easy operation in which by an operation, the first and second opening can be provided in a structurally simple manner.
  • the second area in the opened state of the maintenance flap completely remain within the housing.
  • at least a part of the first region can be located outside the housing in the opened state of the maintenance flap.
  • the maintenance flap may be mounted so that it is opened by moving at least a portion of the first area down. This becomes an easy-to-use maintenance cover provided, which is formed so that due to a continuous movement of the service door from a closed state to an open state, the first and second opening for maintenance purposes arise.
  • the maintenance flap at least partially forms at least a part of a push-back wall along which the push-pull is pivotable.
  • the maintenance flap can in this case form part of the housing.
  • the pressing surface of the pusher can thus exert a force on this material, in particular without guidance, in contact with the material to be comminuted.
  • the service door can be formed integrally with another functional element of the comminution device so that this functional element (in the form of the pry wall) is swung away upon opening the service door, thus leaving room for a maintenance person is provided inside the housing.
  • the Nachdrückerwand When you open the service cover here the Nachdschreiberwand is pivoted as part of the service cover up. The opening happens here, after the pusher has been swung up, for example.
  • the push button is completely mounted within the housing on a driven shaft so that it remains completely in the housing during operation.
  • the push-pull which is in direct contact with the material to be pressed against the rotor via the above-mentioned pressing surface during the pivoting movement towards the rotor, does not point out of the way Housing of the crushing device is pivoted or otherwise guided, but remains completely in the crushing operation within the housing, thus allowing a substantially closed construction of the crushing device without faulty event by waste to be shredded, such as on guide rails or at sealing points of housing breakthroughs.
  • the crushing device may be configured so that the pusher is partially pivoted out of the housing in the course of the pivoting movement. In the latter case, the Nachdrücker in the maintenance state in which the service door is opened, at least partially outside the housing.
  • the housing referred to in this application may define the internal space of the comminution device, at least partially defined by walls, into which the material to be comminuted is inserted and within which the repulsion presses this material towards the rotor.
  • This interior space can in this case be in particular such an interior, which can be enlarged or enlarged by structures of any kind, for example funnel-shaped structures for material application.
  • the drivable shaft may be arranged parallel to the rotor axis in the above developments.
  • a rotation of the driven shaft thus leads to a pivoting movement of the pusher within a certain angular range.
  • the direction of rotation of the pivoting movement of the pusher corresponds advantageously to the direction of rotation of the rotor, in order to ensure a particularly efficient pressing of the material to be comminuted on the rotor provided with knives or tacks.
  • the comminution device according to the invention comprises both single-shaft and multi-shaft shredders.
  • the shredding device according to the invention is used for example for the comminution of industrial, household or agricultural waste and has for example dimensions in each direction of more than one meter and for example a weight of more than 2 t, in particular more than 10 t.
  • a method of cleaning a pusher of a shredder having a housing, a service door, a rotor in the housing, and a pusher.
  • the service door is mounted to the housing and adapted to open in a first opening in the housing with access to the rotor and a second opening in the housing with access to the bottom of the push button, when it is pivoted upwards.
  • the method includes the steps of opening the service door and cleaning the bottom of the follower through the second opening. To open, an area of the service door can be moved down outside the housing.
  • Such a cleaning can be carried out in particular when changing from the crushing of a single-grade material to be comminuted to another unmixed material to be comminuted. Such cleaning may also serve to remove material that is prone to jamming.
  • an exemplary shredding device 100 comprises a housing 101, a replacer 102 with a swivel arm 102a and an impression surface 102b, and a rotor 103.
  • the presser 102 is operated via a drivable shaft.
  • the drivable shaft may be connected to a lever mechanism as part of the drive means outside the material receiving space of the crushing device.
  • a hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder may be connected to the lever mechanism and configured to drive the lever mechanism.
  • Such cylinders provide reliable, relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain or replaceable drive means
  • at least one motor drive in particular a servomotor or a torque motor, may be provided for driving the shaft.
  • a force can be exerted perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly or at a small angle (about 10 ° to 20 °) to the rotor axis of the rotor 103 via the pressing surface 102b of the presser 102 and along the pivoting movement.
  • the term push face refers generally to a surface of the push button which, in use, contacts the material and serves to transmit force corresponding to the torque of the driven shaft to that material.
  • the waste material to be comminuted is thus pressed against the rotor 103 by the pusher 102 and comminuted there and finally discharged through a screening device 110.
  • the comminution device 100 has a maintenance flap 104.
  • the width of the service door 104 may be suitably selected. For example, it extends over the entire width of the housing 101 or only over a part of the width of the housing 101.
  • the maintenance flap 104 may be provided as part of the housing.
  • the maintenance flap 104 in the closed state defines a pusher wall along which the pusher 102 is pivoted without contact.
  • the so-defined Nachdrückerwand is pivoted upward so that a maintenance person 105 through the resulting opening access to the interior 106 of the crushing device and to the rotor 103 has.
  • a further opening 111 above the opened maintenance flap 104 In the open state of the maintenance flap 104 results according to the invention, a further opening 111 above the opened maintenance flap 104.
  • this further opening 111 the underside of the upwardly pivoted Nachdrückers 102 can be cleaned easily and without any disassembly of machine elements.
  • no hydraulic or other drive means 109 for the push-pull 102 or the maintenance flap 104 interfere with the cleaning of the push-pull through this further opening 111.
  • Such drive means do not have to be dismantled time-consuming for cleaning the presser 102.
  • the presser 102 stops in the maintenance state in front of the rotor 103. After opening the maintenance flap 104, it can be moved on for maintenance.
  • the maintenance flap 104 is articulated on an axis of rotation 107, around which it can be pivoted.
  • the position of the axis of rotation 107 or of the associated pivot point of the maintenance flap 104 determines the size of the further opening 111 which arises when the maintenance flap 104 is opened.
  • the position of the axis of rotation 107 must be selected in such a way that that in the opened state of the maintenance flap 104, a further opening 111 is provided in such a way that a simple cleaning of the concealed in operation underside of the pusher is made possible.
  • a portion of the service door separates the opening through which a maintenance position can enter the interior of the housing 101, from the further opening 111, so that only the further opening at least partially cleaning the bottom of the Nachdrückers is possible.
  • the axis of rotation 107 is located between a first left end of the follower 102 and a second right end of the follower 102.
  • a first portion of the follower 102 having the first end extends in the FIG. 2
  • the second end is in the operating state of the crushing device 100 (maintenance flap 102 is closed) below the axis of rotation 107, while the first end is in the operating state above it.
  • the second portion of the pricker 102 and the second end of the pricker 102 are pivoted upwardly.
  • the second end is then above the axis of rotation 107.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif de broyage industriel (100) pour broyer des matériaux, qui comprend :
    un carter (101) ;
    un rotor (103) dans le carter (101) ;
    un pilon presseur (102), qui peut pivoter autour d'un axe de manière à presser le matériau à broyer vers le rotor (103) ; et
    une trappe d'entretien (104), qui est placée et réalisée sur le carter (101) de manière à dégager, dans un état ouvert, une première ouverture dans le carter (101) avec accès au rotor (103) ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    la trappe d'entretien (104) est placée et réalisée sur le carter (101) de manière à dégager, dans l'état ouvert, une deuxième ouverture (111) dans le carter (101) avec accès au côté inférieur du pilon presseur (102) lorsque celui-ci est pivoté vers le haut.
  2. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la trappe d'entretien (104) est articulée, entre une première et une deuxième extrémité de celle-ci, sur un axe de rotation (107), et la première ouverture s'étend en-dessous de l'axe de rotation (107) et la deuxième ouverture (111) au-dessus de l'axe de rotation (107).
  3. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans l'état ouvert de la trappe d'entretien (104), la première ouverture et la deuxième ouverture sont séparées l'une de l'autre par une partie de la trappe d'entretien (104).
  4. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la trappe d'entretien (104) forme au moins partiellement au moins une partie d'une paroi de compression pour le pilon presseur, le long de laquelle peut pivoter le pilon presseur (102).
  5. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la trappe d'entretien (104) forme partiellement une partie du carter (101).
  6. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la trappe d'entretien (104) comprend un premier secteur avec la première extrémité et un deuxième secteur avec la deuxième extrémité, le premier et le deuxième secteur se raccordant l'un à l'autre au niveau de l'axe de rotation (107), et le deuxième secteur se trouvant, dans l'état ouvert de la trappe d'entretien (104), au moins pour sa plus grande partie au-dessus de l'axe de rotation (107).
  7. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième secteur reste, dans l'état ouvert de la trappe d'entretien (104), complètement à l'intérieur du carter (101).
  8. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon la revendication 5 ou la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie du premier secteur se trouve, dans l'état ouvert de la trappe d'entretien (104), à l'extérieur du carter (101).
  9. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première ouverture est suffisamment grande pour permettre à une personne d'entretien (105) de pénétrer dans le dispositif de broyage industriel (100), à travers cette première ouverture.
  10. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième ouverture (111) est suffisamment grande pour permettre, à travers celle-ci, de nettoyer au moins partiellement le côté inférieur du pilon presseur (102).
  11. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la trappe d'entretien (104) s'étend sur la totalité de la largeur du carter ou sur une partie de la largeur du carter.
  12. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pilon presseur (102) est fixé, en totalité à l'intérieur du carter (101), sur un arbre pouvant être entraîné, de manière à rester en totalité dans le carter (101) pendant le fonctionnement.
  13. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pilon presseur (102) peut être pivoté en partie vers l'extérieur du carter (101) pendant le fonctionnement.
  14. Le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de broyage industriel (100) est un broyeur à un seul arbre ou à plusieurs arbres.
  15. Procédé de nettoyage d'un pilon presseur (102) d'un dispositif de broyage industriel (100) comportant une trappe d'entretien (104), qui est placée et réalisée sur un carter (101) du dispositif de broyage industriel (100) de manière à dégager, dans un état ouvert, une première ouverture dans le carter (101) avec accès à un rotor (103) dans le carter (101), et une deuxième ouverture (111) dans le carter (101) avec accès au côté inférieur du pilon presseur (102) lorsque celui-ci est pivoté vers le haut, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    ouverture de la trappe d'entretien (104) ; et
    nettoyage du côté inférieur du pilon presseur (102) à travers la deuxième ouverture (111).
EP13186953.9A 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 Dispositif de broyage doté d'un clapet de maintenance Active EP2857101B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13186953.9A EP2857101B1 (fr) 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 Dispositif de broyage doté d'un clapet de maintenance
US14/496,705 US9795969B2 (en) 2013-10-01 2014-09-25 Shredding device with a service hatch
CN201410513307.1A CN104668064B (zh) 2013-10-01 2014-09-29 带有维修孔的切碎装置
BR102014024257-0A BR102014024257B1 (pt) 2013-10-01 2014-09-29 Dispositivo triturador para triturar material, e, metodo para limpar um elemento impulsionador de um dispositivo triturador

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13186953.9A EP2857101B1 (fr) 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 Dispositif de broyage doté d'un clapet de maintenance

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2857101A1 EP2857101A1 (fr) 2015-04-08
EP2857101B1 true EP2857101B1 (fr) 2015-07-08

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EP13186953.9A Active EP2857101B1 (fr) 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 Dispositif de broyage doté d'un clapet de maintenance

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9795969B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2857101B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104668064B (fr)
BR (1) BR102014024257B1 (fr)

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CN110891688A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2020-03-17 曼纽尔·林德纳 具有可控制拉入机构的粉碎装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015003991A1 (de) * 2015-03-30 2016-10-06 Weima Maschinenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Material, insbesondere von medizinischem Abfallmaterial
DK3238823T3 (en) * 2016-04-29 2018-07-30 Untha Shredding Tech Gmbh FIND LING MACHINE
EP3446786B1 (fr) * 2017-08-23 2019-10-16 UNTHA shredding technology GmbH Dispositif de broyage permettant le broyage de matériau
CN109317272A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2019-02-12 广州市联冠机械有限公司 一种单轴撕碎机

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CN110891688A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2020-03-17 曼纽尔·林德纳 具有可控制拉入机构的粉碎装置

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US9795969B2 (en) 2017-10-24
US20150158030A1 (en) 2015-06-11
BR102014024257A2 (pt) 2017-07-25
CN104668064A (zh) 2015-06-03
CN104668064B (zh) 2017-04-12
EP2857101A1 (fr) 2015-04-08
BR102014024257B1 (pt) 2020-11-24

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