EP2857101B1 - Shredding apparatus with maintenance flap - Google Patents

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a comminution device for comminuting material, in particular in the form of waste products, and more particularly to a comminuting device having a service flap.

State of the art

Commercial waste, industrial waste, household waste, etc., e.g. (Hard) plastic, textiles, composites, rubber or waste wood (such as pallets and chipboard), require crushing before their final disposal or in particular before returning to the recycling cycle. For comminution, single or multi-shaft shredders are known in the prior art, which are fed, for example, by wheel loaders, forklifts or conveyor belts or manually via a hopper for material feed.

A central element of a conventional crusher is a rotor unit comprising a rotor provided with tacks or knives, e.g. B. can be provided with concave ground Rundschneidkronen equipped. The knives are attached, for example, by screwing on knife carriers, which are welded in knife pockets or z. B. can be screwed, which are milled into the rotor. The comminution of the discontinued material occurs between the blades rotating with the rotor and stationary ones, i. non-rotating counter knives (stator knives, scraper combs).

The discontinued material can be pressed by an example load-dependent controlled Nachdrückeinrichtung in the direction of the rotating rotor. After crushing between the rotating knives and the counter knives, the material is discharged through a sieve, which determines the crushing factor in accordance with the size of the sieve, and further transported by means of a conveyor belt, a screw conveyor, a chain conveyor or an extraction system.

In the prior art drawer pusher (slide), in particular for a residual wood crusher are known, which are mounted mounted on guides. However, these guides pollute in the course of the crushing operation, whereby a perfect crushing operation can be disturbed. In addition, the drawer pusher increases the space requirement of the crushing device. In alternative constructions, the pusher is pivotally completely or not completely integrated in the feed and crushing space of the comminution device. An example of an in operation pivotable and fully integrated in the task and crushing space of the crushing device is in the EP 2 218 508 A1 described.

Regardless of the design, maintenance activities are to be carried out within the machine in a comminution device. Typical maintenance activities include changing the size reduction blades on the rotor and cleaning the inside of the machine. The access to the machine interior for extensive cleaning is possible in the prior art only after a costly dismantling of machine components, for example hydraulic cylinders, which move a push-pull or a maintenance flap. FIG. 1 shows by way of example a section through a known in the art crushing device 1, as shown for example in the EP 2 218 508 A1 will be described, with a push button 2, which moves by a pivoting movement of the material to be crushed to the rotor 3. The crushing device 1 has a maintenance flap 4 in the interior. In the opened state of the maintenance flap 4, a maintenance person 5 is allowed to carry out maintenance work on the rotor 3, for example a blade change, standing on the floor of the interior 6. The maintenance flap 4 is articulated at one end to a rotation axis 7 and can be opened by pivoting about the rotation axis 7. When closed, the maintenance flap 4 is part of a push-back wall 8, along which the push-pull 2, which has a pivoting arm 2a and a push-on surface 2b, executes its pivotal movement. The disadvantage of this design is that extensive cleaning in the area of the reprofressor 2 can only be made possible by the time-consuming disassembly of individual components, such as hydraulic cylinders (not shown) which move the push-pull 2, or hydraulic cylinders 9 which move the maintenance flap 4 ,

It is thus an object of the present invention, in view of the above problems, to provide an improved crushing apparatus in which maintenance is facilitated by reducing the necessary disassembly of components as compared to the prior art.

description

The above object is achieved by a crushing device according to claim 1, that is, a crushing device for crushing material comprising a housing, a rotor in the housing, and a pusher which is pivotable about an axis so as to urge the material to be crushed toward the rotor , includes. Furthermore, the shredding device according to the invention comprises a maintenance flap which is mounted on the housing and adapted to be in an open state (maintenance state) a first opening in the housing with access to the rotor and a second opening in the housing with access to the bottom the pusher, especially when this is pivoted in the maintenance state up releases. In particular, the maintenance flap may be configured such that the first opening does not release the bottom of the pusher since it is partially bounded by one side of the service flap. In the opened state of the maintenance flap, the first opening may thus be separated from the second opening by a part of the opened maintenance flap.

The solution according to the invention is based on the idea that the first and second openings formed in the housing of the comminution device can be used for maintenance purposes. So can be done through the first opening, the maintenance of the rotor. The second opening makes it possible to clean the underside of the replacer and in particular an impression surface thereof. Above all, the cleaning of the underside of the Nachdrückers the crusher requires no cumbersome disassembly of machine components, so that downtime for maintenance purposes compared to the prior art can be significantly reduced.

Access to the bottom of the pusher takes place after the pusher has been brought into a maintenance state in which it has been moved up the housing, for example, prior to opening the service door so that at least a portion of the second opening is below the bottom of the pusher , The material to be shredded may in particular be wood, plastic or textile waste products or other industrial, agricultural and household waste.

In particular, by opening the service door, the first and second openings are formed in the housing of the comminution device, both for maintenance purposes can be used. In particular, maintenance of the rotor can take place through the first opening. It can be designed so that a maintenance person can get into the interior of the housing through it. The second opening makes it possible to clean the underside of the replacer and in particular an impression surface thereof. For this purpose, no maintenance person must enter the interior of the housing of the crushing device. Above all, cleaning the underside of the crusher replacer does not require cumbersome disassembly of machine components, such as hydraulic cylinders, provided to move the pry or service flap. Downtimes for waiting purposes, in particular the cleaning of the Nachdrückers, can be significantly reduced compared to the prior art.

The maintenance flap may be hinged between a first and a second end thereof on a rotation axis and the first opening extending below the rotation axis and the second opening extending above the rotation axis. "Below" or "below" and "above" or "above" are used here and below in the usual sense, with "below" or "below" a gravitational center of an external gravitational field closer than "above" or "above " lie. The maintenance flap is thereby pivoted during the opening thereof about the axis of rotation, wherein the second end may be in the closed state of the maintenance flap below the axis of rotation, while the first end may be in the closed state of the maintenance flap above the axis of rotation. During the opening of the maintenance flap then the second end can be pivoted to above the axis of rotation.

In particular, the maintenance flap may comprise a first area with the first end and a second area with the second end, wherein the first and the second area on the axis of rotation into each other and the second area in the opened state of the maintenance flap at least for the most part above the axis of rotation located. The thus constructed maintenance flap allows easy operation in which by an operation, the first and second opening can be provided in a structurally simple manner. In particular, in this case, the second area in the opened state of the maintenance flap completely remain within the housing. Furthermore, at least a part of the first region can be located outside the housing in the opened state of the maintenance flap. In these developments, the maintenance flap may be mounted so that it is opened by moving at least a portion of the first area down. This becomes an easy-to-use maintenance cover provided, which is formed so that due to a continuous movement of the service door from a closed state to an open state, the first and second opening for maintenance purposes arise.

According to a further development, the maintenance flap at least partially forms at least a part of a push-back wall along which the push-pull is pivotable. The maintenance flap can in this case form part of the housing. The Nachdrückfläche the Nachdrückers that contacts the material to be crushed when pressed, in any operating condition without contact with any walls, in particular the Nachdrückerwand be pivotable with the push button. In particular, no guides (guide rails) must be provided in the interior of the material receiving space (funnel space) of the comminution device, via which the pressing surface would contact one of the walls along which the overpressure would have to move and which would inevitably become soiled during operation proper work of Nachdrückeinrichtung would be hindered. The pressing surface of the pusher can thus exert a force on this material, in particular without guidance, in contact with the material to be comminuted. By forming the service door, at least in part, as at least part of a pricker wall, the service door can be formed integrally with another functional element of the comminution device so that this functional element (in the form of the pry wall) is swung away upon opening the service door, thus leaving room for a maintenance person is provided inside the housing.

When you open the service cover here the Nachdrückerwand is pivoted as part of the service cover up. The opening happens here, after the pusher has been swung up, for example. The fact that the Nachdrückerwand is formed in this development as part of the service cover, space for a maintenance person is created when opening the maintenance door, which thus receives particular access to the rotor.

In a further development of the push button is completely mounted within the housing on a driven shaft so that it remains completely in the housing during operation. This means, in particular, that the push-pull, which is in direct contact with the material to be pressed against the rotor via the above-mentioned pressing surface during the pivoting movement towards the rotor, does not point out of the way Housing of the crushing device is pivoted or otherwise guided, but remains completely in the crushing operation within the housing, thus allowing a substantially closed construction of the crushing device without faulty event by waste to be shredded, such as on guide rails or at sealing points of housing breakthroughs. Alternatively, the crushing device may be configured so that the pusher is partially pivoted out of the housing in the course of the pivoting movement. In the latter case, the Nachdrücker in the maintenance state in which the service door is opened, at least partially outside the housing.

In general, the housing referred to in this application may define the internal space of the comminution device, at least partially defined by walls, into which the material to be comminuted is inserted and within which the repulsion presses this material towards the rotor. This interior space can in this case be in particular such an interior, which can be enlarged or enlarged by structures of any kind, for example funnel-shaped structures for material application.

The drivable shaft may be arranged parallel to the rotor axis in the above developments. A rotation of the driven shaft thus leads to a pivoting movement of the pusher within a certain angular range. The direction of rotation of the pivoting movement of the pusher corresponds advantageously to the direction of rotation of the rotor, in order to ensure a particularly efficient pressing of the material to be comminuted on the rotor provided with knives or tacks.

It is understood that the comminution device according to the invention comprises both single-shaft and multi-shaft shredders. The shredding device according to the invention is used for example for the comminution of industrial, household or agricultural waste and has for example dimensions in each direction of more than one meter and for example a weight of more than 2 t, in particular more than 10 t.

There is further provided a method of cleaning a pusher of a shredder having a housing, a service door, a rotor in the housing, and a pusher. The service door is mounted to the housing and adapted to open in a first opening in the housing with access to the rotor and a second opening in the housing with access to the bottom of the push button, when it is pivoted upwards, The method includes the steps of opening the service door and cleaning the bottom of the follower through the second opening. To open, an area of the service door can be moved down outside the housing. Such a cleaning can be carried out in particular when changing from the crushing of a single-grade material to be comminuted to another unmixed material to be comminuted. Such cleaning may also serve to remove material that is prone to jamming.

• Figur 1 stellt eine Schnittzeichnung eines Beispiels für eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit einem Nachdrücker und einer Wartungsklappe des Stands der Technik dar.
• Figur 2 zeigt eine Schnittzeichnung einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit einem Nachdrücker und einer Wartungsklappe gemäß einem Beispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung, wobei die geöffnete Wartungsklappe zwei Öffnungen zu Wartungszwecken bereitstellt.

Further features and exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. It is understood that the embodiments do not exhaust the scope of the present invention. It is further understood that some or all of the features described below may be combined with each other in other ways.

• FIG. 1 FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example of a shredder with a prior art picker and service door. FIG.
• FIG. 2 FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a crushing apparatus having a pusher and a service door according to an example of the present invention, wherein the opened service door provides two openings for maintenance. FIG.

As in FIG. 2 1, an exemplary shredding device 100 according to the invention comprises a housing 101, a replacer 102 with a swivel arm 102a and an impression surface 102b, and a rotor 103. The presser 102 is operated via a drivable shaft. The drivable shaft may be connected to a lever mechanism as part of the drive means outside the material receiving space of the crushing device. The fact that the lever mechanism is mounted outside the material receiving space, it is not affected by the material to be crushed, which could interfere with a corresponding linkage or even partially block if it were installed within the material receiving space. A hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder may be connected to the lever mechanism and configured to drive the lever mechanism. Such cylinders provide reliable, relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain or replaceable drive means Alternatively, at least one motor drive, in particular a servomotor or a torque motor, may be provided for driving the shaft.

On the material to be crushed, a force can be exerted perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly or at a small angle (about 10 ° to 20 °) to the rotor axis of the rotor 103 via the pressing surface 102b of the presser 102 and along the pivoting movement. As used herein, the term push face refers generally to a surface of the push button which, in use, contacts the material and serves to transmit force corresponding to the torque of the driven shaft to that material. The waste material to be comminuted is thus pressed against the rotor 103 by the pusher 102 and comminuted there and finally discharged through a screening device 110.

For maintenance, the comminution device 100 has a maintenance flap 104. The width of the service door 104 may be suitably selected. For example, it extends over the entire width of the housing 101 or only over a part of the width of the housing 101. In particular, the maintenance flap 104 may be provided as part of the housing. In the in FIG. 2 In the example shown, the maintenance flap 104 in the closed state defines a pusher wall along which the pusher 102 is pivoted without contact. In the in FIG. 2 shown opened state of the service door 104, the so-defined Nachdrückerwand is pivoted upward so that a maintenance person 105 through the resulting opening access to the interior 106 of the crushing device and to the rotor 103 has. In the open state of the maintenance flap 104 results according to the invention, a further opening 111 above the opened maintenance flap 104. Through this further opening 111, the underside of the upwardly pivoted Nachdrückers 102 can be cleaned easily and without any disassembly of machine elements. By providing this further opening 111 in particular, no hydraulic or other drive means 109 for the push-pull 102 or the maintenance flap 104 interfere with the cleaning of the push-pull through this further opening 111. Such drive means do not have to be dismantled time-consuming for cleaning the presser 102. It should be mentioned that, alternatively, the presser 102 stops in the maintenance state in front of the rotor 103. After opening the maintenance flap 104, it can be moved on for maintenance.

The maintenance flap 104 is articulated on an axis of rotation 107, around which it can be pivoted. The position of the axis of rotation 107 or of the associated pivot point of the maintenance flap 104 determines the size of the further opening 111 which arises when the maintenance flap 104 is opened. Thus, in the design of the comminution device 100 or the maintenance flap 104, the position of the axis of rotation 107 must be selected in such a way that that in the opened state of the maintenance flap 104, a further opening 111 is provided in such a way that a simple cleaning of the concealed in operation underside of the pusher is made possible. In particular, a portion of the service door separates the opening through which a maintenance position can enter the interior of the housing 101, from the further opening 111, so that only the further opening at least partially cleaning the bottom of the Nachdrückers is possible.

The axis of rotation 107 is located between a first left end of the follower 102 and a second right end of the follower 102. A first portion of the follower 102 having the first end extends in the FIG. 2 Thus, to the left of the axis of rotation 107, and it extends a second portion of the Nachdrückers 102 with the second end to the right of the axis of rotation 107. In the example shown, the second end is in the operating state of the crushing device 100 (maintenance flap 102 is closed) below the axis of rotation 107, while the first end is in the operating state above it. Upon opening the service door 104, the second portion of the pricker 102 and the second end of the pricker 102 are pivoted upwardly. In the maintenance state of the comminuting device 100 (maintenance cover 102 is open), the second end is then above the axis of rotation 107.

Claims (15)

1. Shredding device (100) for shredding material, comprising:

   a housing (101);

   a rotor (103) in said housing (101);

   a pusher element (102) which is pivotable about an axis, so that it pushes the material to be shredded towards said rotor (103); and

   a service hatch (104) which is mounted on said housing (101) and configured in such a manner that in an open state it exposes a first opening in said housing (101) with access to said rotor (103);

   characterized in that

   the service hatch (104) is mounted on said housing (101) and configured in such a manner that in the open state it exposes a second opening (111) in said housing (101) with access to the underside of said pusher element (102) when the latter is pivoted upwardly.
2. Shredding device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that said service hatch (104) is hinged between a first and a second end thereof to a pivot axle (107) and said first opening extends below said pivot axle (107) and said second opening (111) extends above said pivot axle (107).
3. Shredding device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the open state of said service hatch (104), said first opening and said second opening are separated from each other by a portion of said service hatch (104).
4. Shredding device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said service hatch (104) at least in part forms at least a part of a pusher wall along which said pusher element (102) is pivotable.
5. Shredding device (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that said service hatch (104) in part forms part of said housing (101).
6. Shredding device (100) according to one of the claims 2 through 5, characterized in that said service hatch (104) comprises a first portion with said first end and a second portion with said second end, where said first and said second portions transition into one another at said pivot axle (107) and said second portion is in the open state of said service hatch (104) at least for the larger part located above said pivot axle (107).
7. Shredding device (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that said second portion in the open state of said service hatch (104) remains entirely within said housing (101).
8. Shredding device (100) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at least part of said first portion is in the open state of said service hatch (104) outside of said housing (101).
9. Shredding device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first opening is sufficiently large so that a service person (105) can enter said shredding device (100) through said first opening.
10. Shredding device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said second opening (111) is sufficiently large so that said underside of said pusher element (102) can be at least partially cleaned therethrough.
11. Shredding device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said service hatch (104) extends across the entire housing width or across part of said housing width.
12. Shredding device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said pusher element (102) is attached entirely within said housing (101) to a drivable shaft such that it remains entirely within said housing (101) during operation.
13. Shredding device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said pusher element (102) is partially pivotable to the exterior of said housing (101) during operation.
14. Shredding device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said shredding device (100) is a single-shaft or a multi-shaft shredder.
15. Method for cleaning a pusher element (102) of a shredding device (100) comprising a service hatch (104) which is mounted on a housing (101) of said shredding device (100) and configured in such a manner that in an open state it exposes a first opening in said housing (101) with access to a rotor (103) in said housing (101) and a second opening (111) in said housing (101) with access to the underside of said pusher element (102) when the latter is pivoted upwardly, comprising the steps of:

    opening said service hatch (104); and

    cleaning the underside of said pusher element (102) through said second opening (111).

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