EP2846917B1 - Broyeur agitateur et procédé pour son utilisation - Google Patents

Broyeur agitateur et procédé pour son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2846917B1
EP2846917B1 EP12721577.0A EP12721577A EP2846917B1 EP 2846917 B1 EP2846917 B1 EP 2846917B1 EP 12721577 A EP12721577 A EP 12721577A EP 2846917 B1 EP2846917 B1 EP 2846917B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
grinding
grinding chamber
treated
rotor
bodies
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EP12721577.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2846917A1 (fr
Inventor
Eric Pace FENECH
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Belmonte Investments Ltd
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Belmonte Investments Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
    • B02C17/163—Stirring means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an attritor mill of the type comprising a grinding container which forms a grinding chamber in its inside, and a rotor housed inside said container, wherein from the rotor a plurality of arms radially protrudes, which are arranged to agitate a plurality of grinding free bodies mixed with the material to be treated.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the application of such an attritor mill to the treatment and recycling of scraps such as, for example, urban solid waste, food scraps or more generally the so-called "wet waste", remains from mowing or pruning, vegetal residues from agricultural activity, waste similar to the urban ones, dry organic fraction of the urban waste, scraps from mechanical selection of the urban waste, silicate or carbonate-based inorganic materials.
  • Attritor mills Ball or pebble-type mills, often called attritor mills, are by the way known. These mills are provided with a grinding chamber wherein a rotor, by rotating about a vertical axis, randomly strikes a mass of steel pebbles mixed with other material to be treated. The latter material is mainly ground as a result of the repeated and very frequent impacts, crushing and rubbing among or anyway against the pebbles. Attritor mills having the aforementioned features are themselves already known, for example from US3131875 , US3339896 , US3084876 , US3670970 .
  • the author of the present invention noticed that it is not easy to adapt the known attritor mills to grinding or anyway to treating large amounts of materials, such as food scraps or waste with a high content of animal or vegetal tissues, relatively soft and humid or generally pasty solids, or relatively dry and brittle inorganic materials based for example on silicates or carbonates, making them operate with an efficiency acceptable in large mass productions and not only in small productions for laboratory activities or for relatively expensive products such as pigments. Perhaps, due to their relatively low electromagnetic efficiency, attritor mills do not seem to have been used so far in the massive treatment of urban waste or waste products.
  • a second object of the invention is providing a mill capable of treating urban solid waste, even organic, such as for example food scraps (the so-called “wet fraction " of the urban waste), scraps from mowing or pruning, vegetal residues from agricultural activity, waste similar to the urban ones, dry organic fraction of the urban waste, suitable for being made as a small-sized plant.
  • organic such as for example food scraps (the so-called "wet fraction " of the urban waste), scraps from mowing or pruning, vegetal residues from agricultural activity, waste similar to the urban ones, dry organic fraction of the urban waste, suitable for being made as a small-sized plant.
  • a third object of the invention is providing a mill capable of treating the aforementioned urban solid waste, by producing a drier output material, and thus more suitable for being directly used as fuel or anyway less in need of further drying or sterilization treatments in order to reduce its bacterial load.
  • a fourth object of the invention is providing a process for treating urban solid waste, even organic, of the aforementioned type, more suitable for being implemented with relatively small-sized plants.
  • the fourth object is achieved through a process for treating organic solid waste having the features according to claim 11.
  • the publication DE4436932A1 discloses an apparaturs for comminuting and mixing objects, having the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Figures 1-5 relate to an attritor mill, indicated with the overall reference 1, according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • the attritor mill 1 comprises a grinding container 3 which forms a grinding chamber 5 in its inside and a rotor 7 housed inside said chamber ( Figure 2 ).
  • the grinding container 3 can be made up of, or any way can comprise a metal sheet shell, preferably in a cylindrical shape.
  • the rotor 7 preferably comprises a pin or a central shaft 70.
  • a plurality of arms 9, 9', 9" radially protrudes and the attritor mill is arranged to grind, crush, mince or micronize a material to be treated, such as for example urban solid waste, food scraps, waste with a high content of animal or vegetal tissues, remains from mowing or pruning, vegetal residues from agricultural activity, waste similar to the urban ones, dry organic fraction of the urban waste, by actuating the following steps:
  • free bodies in the present description indicates bodies not directly fixed or anyway mechanically constrained to other parts of the mill 1. These free bodies are therefore free to move and to bounce in the grinding chamber, hampered in this substantially by the material to be treated only.
  • the grinding free bodies 11 can be for example spheres, pebbles, pellets, balls, cobbles, granules of materials such as steel, copper or other metals, metal materials, stones, glass.
  • the grinding free bodies 11 can also be other bodies in a various and more angular shape, such as for example waste and metal scraps, nails, screws and bolts; however, these grinding free bodies as well, after a certain permanence in the grinding chamber, assume shapes even and even more rounded and more similar to pebbles, cobbles or bullets.
  • the mill 1 is arranged to rotate the rotor 7 on itself, during the normal operation, about a substantially vertical axis A1, or at least having an inclination with respect to the vertical not greater than about 45°.
  • At least one lifting projection (19) is present, which is arranged to deviate mainly upwards the free grinding bodies (11) which substantially randomly hit the projection itself (19) ( Figures 2 , 3 ).
  • Each of the lifting projection 19 can have for example the shape of an oblong rib which extends radially with respect to the rotation axis A1 of the rotor, and defining some inclined faces - for example plane - 190, 192 on its longitudinal sides.
  • the inclined faces 190, 192 have a global inclination ⁇ , with respect to the vertical or anyway to the rotation axis A1 of the rotor 7, preferably comprised between 30° and 50°, more preferably comprised between 35° and 45° degrees, even more preferably comprised between 37° and 43° and for example equal to about 40-41° ( Figure 4 ).
  • the lifting projections can extend from the center outwards of the grinding chamber, even though not in radial directions.
  • the arms of the rotor 9 which are more distant from the bottom of the grinding chamber 5 are substantially shorter than the arms 9', 9" which are closer to the bottom of the grinding chamber 5; in this way the rotating arms 9, 9', 9" tend to rise, and to maintain more raised, the mass of the free grinding bodies 11, thus increasing the efficiency of the grinding.
  • the length LB of the arms 9, 9', 9" of the rotor progressively reduces by moving away ideally from the bottom of the grinding chamber 5 ( Figure 2 ); thus the ability of the mill 1 of rising and of maintaining raised the mass of the free grinding bodies 11 increases.
  • the various arms 9, 9', 9" can be fixed to the rotor so as to substantially lie in two ideal mutually orthogonal planes.
  • the rotor 7 can be driven for example by a proper electric motor, not shown, arranged below the grinding chamber 5.
  • the attritor mill 10 is arranged to make the rotor 7 rotate on itself, for example through the aforementioned electric motor, at a speed preferably comprised between 500 and 1500 rev/min, and more preferably comprised between 800 and 1200 rev/min.
  • the length LB of the arms 9, 9', 9" of the rotor progressively reduces according to a linear law by moving away ideally from the bottom of the grinding chamber 5.
  • the waste or other material to be treated are introduced into the grinding chamber from the top, for example through the supplying duct 15 which preferably is substantially vertical ( Figure 1 ).
  • the wet fraction of the urban organic waste which can contain up to 80% by weight of humidity, often tends to form a pasty mass which advances with a relative difficulty in possible ducts and does not lend itself to be introduced into the mill 1 by simple gravity. Therefore the attritor mill 1 is advantageously provided with a feeder (not shown) arranged to push the material to be treated into the grinding chamber 5.
  • a feeder can comprise, or be made of a screw or Archimedean screw feeder, a piston, a hydraulic or mechanical pusher, a volumetric pump.
  • a screw, Archimedean screw or hydraulic pusher can be housed for example in the same supplying duct 15.
  • Each arm 9, 9', 9" can have for example substantially circular cross sections, and more in particular can be in the shape of a cylindrical rod.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor 7 and of other operating parameters such as for example the ratio between the amount of waste or other material to be treated and of grinding free bodies 11 present in the grinding chamber 5
  • the extraction grid or grids 17 have holes or meshes of dimensions such as to let the particles of treated material of the desired dimensions pass, and on the other hand to retain the free grinding bodies 11 inside the grinding chamber 5; preferably the holes or meshes of each of the extraction grids 17 have a diameter, or anyway a maximum length or width, equal to or less than 2 cm, more preferably comprised between 3 mm and 9 mm and even more preferably equal to 6 mm.
  • Through holes or meshes of the extraction grids of about 6 mm treating organic and/or solid waste the particle size of the extracted waste ranges from 100 microns to 5 mm.
  • the attritor mill 1 comprises a suction system arranged to suction and extract the powders or other particles of treated material from the grinding chamber 5, and the suction system comprises a fan or other aspirator 21 located outside the grinding chamber itself ( Figure 5 ).
  • the grinding container 3 can be enclosed in an external casing 23 capable of assuring a proper pneumatic seal, and the inside of the casing 23 can be fluidically connected to the fan or other suction 21 through a collecting duct 25.
  • the fan or other suction 21 is preferably motorized, for example driven by an electric motor.
  • the attritor mill 1 is provided with a grid cleaning system arranged to keep clean the at least one extraction grid 17 or at least to reduce its clogging.
  • the grid cleaning system comprises at least one nozzle 27 arranged to emit air jets towards the at least one extraction grid.
  • the grid cleaning system comprises a plurality of nozzles 27.
  • the attritor mill 1 is furthermore provided with a logic unit programmed or anyway arranged to activate in sequence, for example one at a time, the nozzles 27; the fewer nozzles are simultaneously activated, the less the flow set between the free grinding bodies 11 and the material to be treated breaks.
  • the rotor 7 can be fixed to the bottom of the grinding chamber 5 through a bearing inserted on the rotor itself.
  • the rotor close to the bottom of the grinding chamber the rotor comprises a protecting plate 29 arranged to protect the bearing from dusts, granules or other particles coming from the grinding chamber itself.
  • the protecting plate can substantially be shaped more or less as a planar disc ( Figures 2 , 5 ).
  • the protecting plate 29 lies in a plane substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis A1 of the rotor itself, is integrally fixed to the rest of the rotor 7 and rotates together with it, and substantially covers at least half of the surface of the bottom or of the cross section of the grinding chamber.
  • the protecting plate 29 has such an extension that the distance between its peripheral edge and the walls of the grinding chamber 5 be comprised between one and five times the diameter, or anyway a maximum length or width, of the above holes or meshes of each of the extraction grids 17; more preferably the distance between the peripheral edge of the protecting plate 29 and the walls of the grinding chamber 5 is comprised between 3 and 3,5 times the diameter, or anyway a maximum length or width, of the aforementioned holes or meshes of each of the extraction grids 17.
  • the peripheral edge of the protecting plate 29 is flared so that the distance between the edge of the plate and the walls of the grinding chamber 5, according to a radial direction with respect to the rotation axis A1 of the rotor, increase by ideally moving towards the bottom of the grinding chamber, preventing the particles coming from the grinding chamber 5 from getting stuck between the edge of the protecting plate 19 and the walls of the grinding chamber 5 and permitting instead their outflow through proper drains downstream of the protecting plate 29 itself.
  • the at least one lifting projection 19 is advantageously obtained integrally on the protecting plate 29.
  • the grinding chamber 5 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the ratio between the height HC and the diameter DC of the cylindrical grinding chamber 5 is preferably greater than 0,8, more preferably greater than 1 and for example comprised between 0,8 and 2 or between 0,8 and 1,3.
  • the attritor mill 1 is provided with a control and adjusting system of the temperature arranged to detect the temperature in the grinding chamber during the functioning of the mill and to control it, preferably in real time, keeping it in a desired range of values, for example between 50-90 degrees C.
  • control and adjusting system of the temperature can comprise one or more of the following subsystems:
  • the invention relates to a process for treating organic solid waste such as for example urban solid waste, food scraps or more generally the so-called “wet waste”, remains from mowing or pruning, vegetal residues from agricultural activity, waste materials similar to the urban ones, dry organic fraction of the urban waste, comprising the following steps:
  • organic solid waste to be treated are introduced in continuous into the grinding chamber 5 and after being treated they are extracted in continuous from the same grinding chamber 5.
  • the urban organic solid waste, or other material to be treated are introduced into the grinding chamber 5 through the supplying duct 15, for example through the aforementioned Archimedean screw or pusher and mixed with the free grinding bodies 11 and with the mass of waste - or other material to be treated - already present in the chamber 5 and already partially ground.
  • the arms 9, 9', 9" repeatedly and randomly strike the free grinding bodies 11 more or less like baseball bats, throwing the bodies 11 one against the other, against the semi-ground mass of waste or against the walls of the grinding chamber 5.
  • a good part of the mechanical energy provided by the rotor 7 directly or through the grinding bodies is converted into thermal energy that heats the chamber 5 and its content, in particular the free grinding bodies 11 and the waste - or other material to be treated - ground or semi-ground.
  • the ground or semi-ground wastes even if originally decomposed and putrefying, dry and desiccate, generally becoming more fragile and breaking up into granules, scales, dust, shavings or other particles substantially dry and anyway more volatile compared with the waste entering the chamber 5.
  • the dry particles of the waste tend to rise towards the upper part of the grinding chamber 5 until they exit through the extraction grids 17, which limit the maximum dimension of the exiting particles keeping the free grinding bodies 11 in the grinding chamber.
  • the attritor mill 11 can be stopped and a user, for example through the door 28 can enter the grinding chamber 5, clean it from possible encrustations or dirt and extract the free grinding bodies ( Figure 1 ).
  • the free grinding bodies 11 can thus be sieved eliminating those that have become too small due to wear and tear, afterwards they can be re-introduced into the chamber 5 possibly together with fresh free grinding bodies.
  • the mill 10 is thus particularly suitable for operating in continuous, with a continuous inflow of waste or other material to be treated into the grinding chamber 5 and a continuous outflow of desiccated particles from the grids 17, requiring technologies relatively simple in order to automate the process.
  • the aforementioned use of Archimedean screws or other feeders in continuous, and of the fan or other suction or blower 21 helps automating and making the functioning in continuous of the mill 1 possible.
  • the use of the heat produced by the transformation of the mechanical power provided by the rotor 7 to desiccate or anyway to dry the organic solid waste helps increasing the energetic efficiency of the attritor mill and of the process for treating the organic solid waste according to the invention.
  • the combined action of the temperature and of the repeated and violent impacts with the free grinding bodies 11 helps destroying a great part of the bacteria initially present in the waste, thus in particular destroying the resistant shells that protect such microorganisms, disinfecting and by the way making the product exiting from the mill biologically more stable.
  • an attritor mill according to the invention can also operate discontinuously, for example by supplying the material to be treated and extracting the treated material according to the batch modality.
  • the lifting projections 19 can be in the shape of not only rectilinear oblong ribs, but for example also curved. Moreover, all details are replaceable with technically equivalent elements.
  • the used materials, as well as their dimensions, can be any according to the technical needs. It is to be intended that an expression such as "A comprises B, C, D" also comprises and describes the particular case wherein "A consists of B, C, D".
  • the examples and lists of the possible variations of the present application are to be intended as non exhaustive lists.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Un broyeur à attrition (1) comprenant un récipient de broyage (3) qui forme, à l'intérieur, une chambre de broyage (5) et un rotor (7) logé à l'intérieur dudit récipient (3), dans lequel, à partir du rotor (7), plusieurs bras (9, 9', 9") font saillie au plan radial et le broyeur à attrition (1) est conçu pour broyer, émincer, triturer ou microniser un matériau à traiter, par exemple, les déchets solides urbains, les déchets alimentaires ou généralement appelés « déchets humides », les restes du fauchage ou de l'élagage, les résidus végétaux des activités agricoles, les déchets similaires aux déchets urbains, la fraction organique sèche des déchets urbains, en procédant par les étapes suivantes :
    - mélanger le matériau à traiter avec une pluralité de corps de broyage libres (11) dans la chambre de broyage (5) ;
    - agiter le matériau à traiter et la pluralité de corps de broyage libres (11) en faisant tourner le rotor sur lui-même, de sorte que ses bras frappent les corps de broyage libres et au moins une partie de ceux-ci rebondit contre les parois de la chambre de broyage (5) et d'autres corps de broyage libres (11), et/ou heurtent le matériau à traiter ;
    dans lequel :
    - sur le fond ou de toute façon dans la partie inférieure de la chambre de broyage (5), au moins une saillie de levage (19) est prévue pour dévier principalement vers le haut les corps de broyage libres (11) qui frappent la saillie (19) elle-même ;
    et caractérisé en ce que :
    - près du fond de la chambre de broyage, le rotor (7) comprend une plaque de protection (29) sensiblement transversale par rapport à l'axe de rotation (AI) du rotor lui-même et recouvrant sensiblement au moins la moitié de la surface du fond ou de la section transversale de la chambre de broyage (5) ;
    - au moins la saillie de levage (19) est réalisée sur la plaque de protection (29).
  2. Broyeur à attrition selon la revendication 1, dans lequel au moins la saillie de levage (19) s'étend au plan radial vers l'extérieur de la chambre de broyage (5).
  3. Broyeur à attrition (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel au moins la saillie (19) forme une face inclinée (190, 192) conçue pour dévier principalement vers le haut les corps de broyage libres (11) qui frappent la face inclinée (190, 192) elle-même et la face inclinée (190, 192) présente une inclinaison (o) par rapport à la verticale ou de toute façon par rapport à l'axe de rotation (A1) du rotor (7), comprise entre 30 ° et 50 °.
  4. Broyeur à attrition (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la face inclinée (190, 192) est sensiblement plane.
  5. Broyeur à attrition (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les bras du rotor (9) les plus éloignés du fond de la chambre de broyage (5) sont sensiblement plus courts que les bras (9', 9") les plus proches du fond de la chambre de broyage (5).
  6. Broyeur à attrition (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la longueur (LB) des bras du rotor diminue progressivement, tout en s'éloignant idéalement du fond de la chambre de broyage (5).
  7. Broyeur à attrition (1) selon la revendication 1, comprenant un système d'aspiration conçu pour aspirer et extraire de la chambre de broyage (5) les poussières ou les particules du matériau traité, et le système d'aspiration comprend un ventilateur ou un autre système d'aspiration (21) situé à l'extérieur de la chambre de broyage elle-même.
  8. Broyeur à attrition (1) selon la revendication 1, comprenant au moins une grille d'extraction (17) installée dans la partie supérieure de la chambre de broyage (5) et conçue pour expulser le matériau traité dans la chambre elle-même et/ou garder les corps de broyage libres (11) à l'intérieur de la chambre de broyage (5).
  9. Broyeur à attrition (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le bord périphérique de la plaque de protection (29) est évasé, de sorte que la distance entre le bord de la plaque (29) et la paroi de la chambre de broyage (5), selon une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation (A1) du rotor, augmente idéalement en direction du fond de la chambre de broyage.
  10. Broyeur à attrition (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la chambre de broyage (5) présente une forme sensiblement cylindrique et le rapport (HC/DC) entre sa hauteur et son diamètre est supérieur à 0,8.
  11. Procédé de traitement des déchets solides organiques, tels que, par exemple, les déchets solides urbains, les déchets alimentaires ou plus généralement appelés les « déchets humides », les reste du fauchage ou de l'élagage, les résidus végétaux des activités agricoles, les déchets similaires aux déchets municipaux, la fraction organique sèche des déchets urbains, comprenant l'étape consistant à traiter de tels déchets solides à l'aide d'un broyeur à attrition (1) présentant les caractéristiques de la revendication 1.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, comprenant en outre l'étape consistant à :
    - mélanger les déchets solides organiques à traiter avec une pluralité de corps de broyage libres (11) dans la chambre de broyage (5) d'un broyeur à attrition (1) présentant les caractéristiques de la revendication 1 ;
    - agiter les déchets solides organiques à traiter et la pluralité de corps de broyage libres (11) en faisant tourner le rotor (7) sur lui-même de sorte que ses bras (9, 9', 9") frappent les corps de broyage libres (11) et au moins une partie de ces derniers rebondit contre la paroi de la chambre de broyage (5) et d'autres corps de broyage libres (11) et/ou frappent les déchets solides organiques à traiter, de sorte à broyer, émincer ou triturer ces derniers.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel les déchets organiques solides à traiter ont une teneur en humidité supérieure ou égale à 60 % en poids.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel les déchets organiques solides à traiter sont introduits de façon permanente dans la chambre de broyage (5) et après traitement, sont extraits de la chambre de broyage (5), par exemple sous forme de poudre, de granules, de copeaux, de flocons, de bâtonnets, de petits cylindres ou de pellets.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 11, comprenant l'étape consistant à faire tourner le rotor (7), pendant le broyage, à une vitesse comprise entre 500 et 1 500 tr/min.
EP12721577.0A 2012-05-10 2012-05-10 Broyeur agitateur et procédé pour son utilisation Active EP2846917B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2012/051024 WO2013167851A1 (fr) 2012-05-10 2012-05-10 Broyeur par frottement et son procédé d'utilisation

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EP2846917A1 EP2846917A1 (fr) 2015-03-18
EP2846917B1 true EP2846917B1 (fr) 2019-09-18

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WO2017017315A1 (fr) * 2015-07-28 2017-02-02 Outotec (Finland) Oy Perfectionnements apportés à des broyeurs
EP3618965A1 (fr) * 2017-05-05 2020-03-11 Belmonte Investments Limited Broyeur à attrition et son procédé d'utilisation
CN110064467A (zh) * 2019-04-29 2019-07-30 广州盛立生物科技有限公司 一种抗衰老去皱组合物的生产设备
CN110694755B (zh) * 2019-10-25 2021-02-26 郑州百瑞动物药业有限公司 一种饲料混合粉碎加工系统
CN111013742A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-04-17 中核四0四有限公司 一种mox混合粉末球磨处理方法
US20230158511A1 (en) * 2020-03-27 2023-05-25 Bühler AG Agitator ball mill
WO2023001911A1 (fr) 2021-07-20 2023-01-26 Cellucomp Limited Matériaux superabsorbants microporeux cellulosiques biodégradables et réutilisables
GB2609040A (en) 2021-07-20 2023-01-25 Cellucomp Ltd Biodegradable and reusable cellulosic microporous superabsorbent materials
GB2609039A (en) 2021-07-20 2023-01-25 Cellucomp Ltd Cellulosic microporous superabsorbent materials with tunable morphology
GB2609041A (en) 2021-07-20 2023-01-25 Cellucomp Ltd Water absorbing and antimicrobial fabric composition
GB2612377A (en) 2021-11-02 2023-05-03 Cellucomp Ltd Citric acid-catalysed curran modified card board materials
CN116474908B (zh) * 2023-06-21 2024-01-05 齐齐哈尔市中医医院(齐齐哈尔市第三医院、黑龙江中医药大学齐齐哈尔临床医学院) 一种内科护理用药物压磨器

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EP2846917A1 (fr) 2015-03-18

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