EP2834563B1 - Verfahren zum betrieb eines multigasbrenners sowie multigasbrenner - Google Patents

Verfahren zum betrieb eines multigasbrenners sowie multigasbrenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2834563B1
EP2834563B1 EP12732523.1A EP12732523A EP2834563B1 EP 2834563 B1 EP2834563 B1 EP 2834563B1 EP 12732523 A EP12732523 A EP 12732523A EP 2834563 B1 EP2834563 B1 EP 2834563B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
nozzle
calorific
combustion
burner
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP12732523.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2834563A1 (de
Inventor
Holger Wulfert
André BÄTZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Loesche GmbH
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Loesche GmbH
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Publication of EP2834563A1 publication Critical patent/EP2834563A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a multi gas burner and a multi gas burner for operation with a low and a high calorie fuel gas.
  • Generic multi-gas burners usually have a combustion chamber and at least one burner lance.
  • This burner lance is configured with a first, a second and a third nozzle.
  • a first, a second and a third supply chamber are provided, which are fluidically connected for supplying gases into the combustion chamber, each with a nozzle.
  • the nozzles of the at least one burner lance terminate on one side in the combustion chamber and on the other side in a respective feed chamber.
  • a burner muffle is provided in the combustion chamber in the region of the end of the nozzles.
  • a burner with several burner lances is referred to as a multi-lance burner.
  • Generic burners are for example from the US Pat. No. 6,241,510 B1 , of the DE 196 27 203 C2 and the DE 42 08 951 C2 known.
  • Such gas burners are used in hot gas generators, which serve to heat process gases, for example in the context of the smelting of iron ores.
  • hot gas generators which serve to heat process gases, for example in the context of the smelting of iron ores.
  • fuel gases for hot gas generators are usually low calorific gases, which are also referred to as lean gases, with an oxidizer for combustion, especially air, passed through the nozzles in the burner chamber, where they are then mixed with the oxygen carrier, ignited and burned.
  • the high-calorie fuel gases Due to the higher calorific value of the high-calorie fuel gases, they burn with a higher flame temperature compared to the low calorific gases. It should be noted that from combustion temperatures above about 1300 ° C by a thermal conversion of the N 2, the oxygen carrier for the combustion, especially in normal air, NO x is formed. The combustion temperatures with the use of high-calorie combustion gases are usually above this critical temperature range. However, a formation of NO x must be largely avoided due to environmental protection regulations.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for operating a multi-gas burner and such a multi-gas burner, with the combustion of high-calorie fuel gases in compliance with environmental regulations, especially in combination with coal grinding systems, is possible.
  • Claim 1 relates to a method for operating a multi gas burner in a low calorie operation with a low calorie fuel gas and in a high calorie operation a high calorie fuel gas, the multi gas burner at least one burner lance having a first, a second and a third nozzle, a first, a second and a third supply chamber, each of which is fluidically connected to a nozzle and a combustion chamber, in which the at least one burner lance protrudes, wherein in a high-calorie operation at the same time via the first nozzle air, via the second nozzle 02-depleted gas and the third nozzle a high-calorie fuel gas are passed into the combustion chamber and there are made to burn, wherein the air and the O 2 -depleted gas are used as oxygen carrier for the combustion, characterized in that in a low calorie operation at the same time via the first nozzle air as S Auerstoffisme for the combustion and the second nozzle a low-calorie fuel gas are passed into the combustion chamber and are there made to burn.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that it is necessary to avoid the x formation of NO to lower the flame temperature in such a way that it is below a range that can arise in the NO x in the largest dimensions. This temperature range is below about 1300 ° C.
  • ⁇ values can be achieved according to the invention by carrying out the combustion at elevated ⁇ values in comparison to a low calorie operation, that is to say a combustion of a low calorie combustible gas.
  • the ⁇ value is also referred to as the combustion ratio or air ratio and describes the ratio of supplied oxygen suppliers for the combustion, in particular air, to the stoichiometrically required for the combustion of the fuel gas minimum amount of air.
  • the combustion is carried out with more combustion air, that is to say with a larger amount of oxygen suppliers for the combustion, then the ⁇ value increases.
  • the additional introduction of more combustion air the resulting gases are cooled in a complete combustion of the fuel gas. In this way, it can be achieved that the entire combustion process takes place at a temperature which is below the critical temperature range for NO x formation.
  • oxygen is used by the oxygen supplier for the combustion of normal outside air with an oxygen content of about 21%. Due to the higher amount of oxygen suppliers for combustion, the oxygen content in the hot process gas increases. This is particularly problematic when the gas burner is used in a hot gas generator, which is used to produce process gases for coal grinding plants. Such coal grinding plants are used, for example, for the spreading of carbon carriers, such as coal, for blowing in blast furnaces with the Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) method or in the context of coal gasification plants. In such systems, the process gas must have an oxygen content of less than 10% due to the explosion protection. Therefore, it is not possible by increasing the ⁇ value to allow the use of high-calorie fuel gases. The same problem exists with many process gases used in explosive environments. Thus, in addition to the prevention of NO x , it is imperative for the use of high-calorie fuel gases to ensure that the resulting hot process gas has an oxygen content which is below a percentage determined depending on the process.
  • a further basic idea of the invention can be seen not to use exclusively normal air as the oxygen supplier for the combustion, but to mix the oxygen supplier for the combustion of normal air and O 2 -depleted gas.
  • the oxygen supplier used for combustion has a lower oxygen content than normal air.
  • the burner can be operated with higher ⁇ values, so that the necessary lowering of the flame temperature described above is made possible.
  • the resulting process gas has a reduced oxygen content, in particular less than 10%, so that the process gas can be used, for example, in coal grinding plants.
  • This embodiment is based on the finding that the nozzle which is used in the low calorie operation for the low calorie fuel gas is not used in high calorie operation. Therefore, this nozzle can be used to mix O 2 depleted gas to the air from the first nozzle to provide the oxygen supplier for combustion.
  • the advantage of this solution over providing a further nozzle for the O 2 depleted Gas is that thereby the burner lances used, for example, need only three and not four nozzles. This reduces in particular the depth and size of a multi-gas burner consisting of one or more such burner lances.
  • an outer nozzle is selected as the first nozzle, a middle nozzle as the second nozzle and an inner nozzle of the burner lance as the third nozzle.
  • air is always blown into the combustion chamber through the outer nozzle.
  • the fuel gas is blown in the low calorie operation through a central nozzle, so that the fuel gas is blown out of the nozzle surrounded by the injected air and is mixed well with this and can react.
  • the inner nozzle is used to inject the high calorific fuel gas.
  • the ⁇ values are in the range of about 1.5 to about 2.0.
  • the ⁇ value is preferably in a range of 1.6, with between 15% and 30% of the oxygen source for combustion being O 2 depleted gas.
  • the ⁇ value in low calorie operation and the ⁇ value and admixture of O 2 -depleted gas in the high-calorie operation is set such that the generated hot process gases, the be referred to as hot gases, an O 2 content of less than 10%. If it is necessary due to explosion protection guidelines, a lower target value of O 2 content in the hot process gas can also be achieved by a corresponding adaptation of the admixture of O 2 -depleted gas.
  • the amount of the fuel gas, the ⁇ -values and the composition of the oxygen supplier for the combustion of air and O 2 -enriched gas are adjusted such that the measured flame temperature does not exceed a value of about 1300 ° C.
  • the ⁇ value is determined substantially by the amount, that is, the flow rate per unit time, the fuel gas and the amount of the oxygen supplier for the combustion, since the shares of the oxygen supplier for the combustion, which do not react with the fuel gas, for cooling and Lowering the flame temperature contribute.
  • a recirculated process gas for example from a grinding-drying process, in particular from a coal grinding plant, is used as the O 2 -depleted gas.
  • a gas must be used as the process gas, which has an oxygen content of less than 10%.
  • a so-called mill drying is carried out in which the coal to be ground or another starting material is also dried in addition to comminution.
  • hot process gases are necessary, which however, for reasons of explosion protection, have an oxygen content of less than 10%. must have.
  • process gases can be diverted from the grinding operation as O 2 -depleted gases for the operation of the multi-gas burner. If the hot process gases generated by the multigas burner are used for grinding drying, then these are subsequently fed back into the grinding process, so that no O 2 -depleted process gas is withdrawn from the grinding process in the total sum. It is of course also possible to use O 2 -depleted gas from other sources.
  • coke oven gas is used as the high calorific gas and blast furnace gas is used as the low calorific gas.
  • blast furnace gas is used as the low calorific gas.
  • coal pulverizers are combined with a hot gas generator constructed of a multi-gas burner in ore processing and processing, e.g. Smelting processes, used.
  • blast furnace gas is produced, which is available as a favorable fuel for the mill drying and the operation of the burner.
  • high-calorie fuel gases any fuel gases, such as synthesis gas, coke gas or natural gas can be used.
  • the low calorific gas can also be referred to as lean gas and the high calorific gas as rich gas.
  • oxygen supplier for the combustion those gases are referred to within the scope of the invention which are supplied to the fuel gas during the combustion process.
  • the oxygen carrier or supplier for combustion may also be referred to as combustion air.
  • a gas having a calorific value or calorific value in the range from about 2,000 to about 4,000 kJ / m.sup.3 N 3 and a high-calorific gas from a gas of calorific value or calorific value in the range from about 10,000 to about 10,000 kW can be used for a low-calorie gas about 40,000 kJ / m N 3 are considered. It is not essential for the invention, which calorific values have the low calorific and the high calorific gas, but that the high calorific gas has a higher calorific value than the low calorific gas.
  • the invention relates to a multi-gas burner for operation with a low and a high-calorie fuel gas.
  • a burner lance with three nozzles having an outer tube, a central tube and an intermediate tube arranged between the outer and the central tube.
  • the tubes are each coaxially aligned with each other and spaced from each other to form annular gaps or flow cross-sections.
  • the burner lance is thus constructed of three coaxially nested tubes, each resulting flow cross-section is connected to a separate feed chamber.
  • the annular gap between the outer and the intermediate tube forms an outer nozzle
  • the annular gap between the intermediate and the central tube forms a central nozzle and the central tube the inner nozzle.
  • the first nozzle is an outer nozzle, the second nozzle an intermediate nozzle and the third nozzle an inner nozzle of a burner lance. It is further provided that the first nozzle with the first supply chamber, the second nozzle with the second supply chamber and the third nozzle with the third supply chamber are each connected fluidically. This ensures that the air is introduced in the low calorie as well as in the high calorie operation through the outer nozzle. In low calorie operation, the low calorific fuel gas is introduced through the adjacent central nozzle and thus allows a good mixing between the fuel gas and the air, which is the oxygen supplier for the combustion.
  • the air is introduced through the outer nozzle in high-calorie operation and the O 2 -degraded gas through the middle nozzle, which can premix.
  • the high-calorie fuel gas is introduced through the inner nozzle. In this way, in turn, a good mixing of the fuel gas with the oxygen carrier formed from air and O 2 -depleted gas for combustion is possible.
  • a control device which is designed to introduce the low-calorie fuel gas into the second supply chamber in a low-calorie operation into the first supply chamber and to block the supply to the third supply chamber.
  • the control device is further designed in such a way in a high-calorie operation in the first supply chamber air, in the second supply chamber O 2 - depleted gas and in the third supply chamber to introduce the high-calorie fuel gas.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first to the second nozzle and to the third nozzle has a ratio in the range of 4.4 - 5.0: 5.9 - 6.3: 1, in particular 4.7; 6.2: 1 up.
  • the cross-sectional ratios may also be deviating therefrom and depend essentially on the ⁇ values used, the low-calorie and high-calorie fuel gas, the respective stoichiometric air requirement of the gases and / or the operating or injection pressure.
  • the cross-sectional areas which essentially determines the possible flow of the corresponding gases, it is achieved that sufficient hot gas can be generated with the multigas burner thus formed in both operating modes.
  • the design of the second nozzle can be decisive for this, since it is used for two different gases, once low-calorie fuel gas and in the other operating state O 2 -abgereichtes gas.
  • a burner lance is a complete multigas burner in the minimum case.
  • the desired burner output can be achieved by selecting the number of burner lances.
  • the individual burner lance is normalized to a certain power, so that no enlargement of the burner SCALE-UP must be made. This is called a "numbering-up", ie it is not necessary to take into account changed criteria with regard to geometry, flow behavior, etc., for every burner design.
  • the invention further relates to a process plant with a multigas burner according to the invention and a grinding plant for solid fuels z. B. a Kohlenmahlstrom.
  • This may in particular be a roller mill, wherein the coal grinding plant is provided as a means to be used as a source of O 2 -depleted gas.
  • the O 2 -depleted gas can be recirculated process gas from the milling process, in particular a grinding-drying process.
  • a constellation is also applicable to any other thermal process, ie use of multiple gases, low O 2 levels in the process gas and their use as Rezigas, high control ratios etc ..
  • a control device which may also be designed as a control and regulating device
  • the inflows of the various gases, the high-calorie fuel gas, the low-calorie combustible gas, the air and the O 2 -depleted gas are adjusted depending on the operating mode.
  • the control or regulation takes place in such a way that the necessary calorific value with a flame temperature below 1,300 ° C. and with a maximum oxygen content, in particular below 10%, of the hot process gas is achieved in a high-calorie operation.
  • the tributaries are controlled in the low calorie operation by the control and regulating device such that a sufficient calorific value is achieved without reaching a high flame temperature.
  • the low calorific value causes low combustion temperatures, so that there are no significant O 2 problems in the process gas.
  • the respective properties can in particular by adjusting the amounts of gases used and the ratio of gases to each other.
  • Fig. 1 a simplified construction of a multigas burner 1 according to the invention is shown.
  • the multigas burner 1 shown here has two burner lances 10 which are each designed as three-lance burners or three-nozzle lances and have a first nozzle 11, a second nozzle 12 and a third nozzle 13.
  • the burner lances 10 each end in a combustion chamber 3.
  • the multi-gas burner 1 has a first supply chamber 21, a second supply chamber 22 and a third supply chamber 23.
  • the nozzles 11, 12, 13 of the burner lance 10 are formed by three coaxially aligned tubes.
  • the first nozzle 11 terminates in the first supply chamber 21.
  • the second nozzle 12 terminates in the second supply chamber 22 and the third nozzle 13 terminates in the third supply chamber 23.
  • the nozzles 11, 12, 13 and the tailpipes respectively with flange-like connections the inner wall of the respective feed chamber 21, 22, 23 be attached.
  • a starting burner 17 is provided, which is used to start the multi-gas burner 1.
  • a supply 31 to the first supply chamber 21, a supply 32 to the second supply chamber 22 and a supply 33 to the third supply chamber 23 is provided. Furthermore, an additional fourth feed 34 is provided, which likewise ends in the second feed chamber 22.
  • the feeders 31, 32, 33, 34 have valves which can be controlled by a control device 36.
  • the feeder 31 is connected to an air source. This is normal outdoor air.
  • the supply line 32 is connected to a source of low calorific fuel gas. This may be, for example, blast furnace gas. Such low-calorie combustion gases are also referred to as lean gases.
  • the supply line 33 is connected to a source of a high-calorie fuel gas, which may also be referred to as rich gas.
  • the supply line 34 in turn is connected to a source of O 2 -depleted gas. This may in particular have an O 2 content of less than 10%.
  • the control device 36 controls the valves of the feeders 31, 32, 33 and 34 such that air flows into the first feed chamber 21 via the feed line 31 and into the second feed chamber 22 via the feed 32 a low calorie combustible gas.
  • the other two leads 33 and 34 are closed here.
  • the ratio of air passing through the nozzle 11 into the combustion chamber 3 and the low calorific gas flowing through the nozzle 12 into the combustion chamber 3 is adjusted so that the ⁇ value is in the range of 1.1.
  • control device 36 opens the valves of the feed lines 31, 33 and 34. In this way, air flows into the feed chamber 21, O 2 -abegedes gas into the feed chamber 22 and high-calorie gas in the feed chamber 23. About the nozzles 11, 12, 13, these gases can flow into the combustion chamber 3 and react with each other there.
  • the controller 36 controls the inflow of the air, the O 2 depleted gas, and the high calorie combustion gas such that a ⁇ value is set in the range of 1.6, with approximately 30% of the oxygen carrier for the combustion being O 2 depleted gas is.
  • a ⁇ value is set in the range of 1.6, with approximately 30% of the oxygen carrier for the combustion being O 2 depleted gas is.
  • At the combustion chamber end of the burner lance 11 may be provided in the region of the respective end of the nozzle swirling means to mix the outflowing gases well together.
  • the chamber 22 can be supplied with both the low-calorie fuel gas and the O 2 -depleted gas.
  • the chamber 22 can be supplied with both the low-calorie fuel gas and the O 2 -depleted gas.
  • Fig. 2 a process diagram of a coal grinding plant is shown with a hot gas generator, which uses a multi-gas burner 10 according to the invention.
  • a central element of the process engineering plant shown here is, on the one hand, the mill-sifter combination 52, which may be, for example, a vertical roller mill with circulating air operation, in particular a LOESCHE roller mill.
  • a hot gas generator 51 is provided which has a multigas burner 10 according to the invention.
  • the hot gas generator 51 is used to generate hot process gases or their heating, which are used in the milling process in the mill-sifter combination 52 to dry the material to be ground, in this case raw coal, in addition to the grinding process.
  • a hot gas supply 54 is provided between the hot gas generator 51 and the mill-sifter combination 52.
  • a coal grinding plant is to be seen here merely as an example of a process plant in which a hot gas generator 51 is used. Instead of a mill-sifter combination 52, other parts of the plant can be provided in which generated hot process gas is used.
  • the raw coal to be ground is fed to the mill-sifter combination 52.
  • the raw coal is ground to dust and with the aid of the hot gas flowing through the feed 54 in the mill-sifter combination 52 dried and transported in the direction of a filter 62 by means of air flow.
  • the generated carbon dust is separated and fed to a dust bin 63.
  • the carbon dust can then be deducted and its use, for example, for PCI process, fed.
  • the process gas purified from the dust which in the meantime has also cooled down, is sent to the hot gas generator 51 via a process gas recirculation 56. Here it is heated by the combustion energy and passed back via the hot gas supply 54 to the mill-sifter combination 52.
  • the multi-gas burner 10 of the hot gas generator 51 has four different feeds.
  • Feeder 71 is used to supply a low calorific fuel gas, such as top gas, supply 72 for supplying air, supply 73 for supplying a high-calorie fuel gas, such as coke gas and feed 74 for supplying gas to the starting burner.
  • a low calorific fuel gas such as top gas
  • supply 72 for supplying air
  • supply 73 for supplying a high-calorie fuel gas, such as coke gas
  • feed 74 for supplying gas to the starting burner.
  • natural gas can be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP12732523.1A 2012-06-05 2012-06-05 Verfahren zum betrieb eines multigasbrenners sowie multigasbrenner Not-in-force EP2834563B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/002402 WO2013182214A1 (de) 2012-06-05 2012-06-05 Verfahren zum betrieb eines multigasbrenners sowie multigasbrenner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2834563A1 EP2834563A1 (de) 2015-02-11
EP2834563B1 true EP2834563B1 (de) 2016-03-02

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Country Link
US (1) US20150111159A1 (xx)
EP (1) EP2834563B1 (xx)
JP (1) JP5890589B2 (xx)
KR (1) KR20150027054A (xx)
CN (1) CN104541102B (xx)
BR (1) BR112014029474A2 (xx)
CA (1) CA2871074C (xx)
IN (1) IN2014DN09007A (xx)
RU (1) RU2014145113A (xx)
WO (1) WO2013182214A1 (xx)

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WO2024043841A1 (en) * 2022-08-22 2024-02-29 Turaş Gaz Armatürleri̇ San. Ve Ti̇c. A.Ş. Multi gas burner

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WO2013182214A1 (de) 2013-12-12
CN104541102B (zh) 2017-03-15
CA2871074A1 (en) 2013-12-12
CN104541102A (zh) 2015-04-22
JP5890589B2 (ja) 2016-03-22
KR20150027054A (ko) 2015-03-11
IN2014DN09007A (xx) 2015-05-22
JP2015522785A (ja) 2015-08-06
RU2014145113A (ru) 2016-07-27
US20150111159A1 (en) 2015-04-23
EP2834563A1 (de) 2015-02-11
BR112014029474A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
CA2871074C (en) 2019-02-26

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