EP2825830B1 - Sinterofen mit einer gasabführvorrichtung - Google Patents

Sinterofen mit einer gasabführvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2825830B1
EP2825830B1 EP13715124.7A EP13715124A EP2825830B1 EP 2825830 B1 EP2825830 B1 EP 2825830B1 EP 13715124 A EP13715124 A EP 13715124A EP 2825830 B1 EP2825830 B1 EP 2825830B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
discharge device
gas
gas discharge
sintering furnace
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EP13715124.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2825830A1 (de
Inventor
Eberhard Ernst
René ALBERT
Thomas Schupp
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GKN Sinter Metals Holding GmbH
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GKN Sinter Metals Holding GmbH
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Publication of EP2825830A1 publication Critical patent/EP2825830A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B21/00—Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction
    • F27B21/06—Endless-strand sintering machines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/10—Arrangements for using waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/30—Arrangements for extraction or collection of waste gases; Hoods therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sintering furnace with a gas discharge device, wherein the gas discharge device enables exhaust gases to be discharged efficiently from the sintering furnace. Furthermore, a method for removing gases from a sintering furnace is proposed.
  • Sintering furnaces are known through which bodies to be sintered, such as each of, are known WO 95/27802 , U.S. 4,221,559 , U.S. 4,536,211 , U.S. 3,244,507 , EP 0 378 877 or EP 0 566 376 .
  • the bodies to be sintered are first transported through a burn-out zone, in which lubricants and / or waxes present in the bodies to be sintered are removed by burn-out at temperatures lower than the sintering temperature.
  • sintering furnaces Immediately or indirectly behind the burnout zone, such sintering furnaces have the so-called sintering zone in which the actual sintering process takes place.
  • the advantage of such sintering furnaces is the possibility of sintering a large number of bodies to be sintered in a short time in a continuous or largely continuous process.
  • a disadvantage of the sintering furnaces described is that the furnace is open at least on its inlet side and on its outlet side. This, as well as the lack of separation of the different areas of the sintering furnace, enables convection and / or diffusion of contaminants through the openings and between the different areas of the sintering furnace.
  • These impurities can, in particular during the sintering process, lead to deterioration of the sintered bodies if the impurities are diffused into the surface of the bodies and / or if chemical reactions take place on the surface of the bodies with the impurities.
  • diffusion of undesired elements emanating from the surface of the body into the body volume and / or reaction products that arise can lead to a change in the material properties of the body, which can be expressed in undesired properties.
  • a diffusion of atoms present in the bodies to the surface of the body can also lead to a deterioration in properties of the body due to a reaction that may occur there with substances present in the atmosphere surrounding the body. Examples of the latter mechanism are the mechanisms of decarburization and decarburization. Reduced hardness and / or greater brittleness can frequently occur as exemplary undesirable consequences.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a sintering furnace by means of which sintered bodies can be produced with an improved quality.
  • a sintering furnace which has a first zone, a second zone and a transition zone arranged between the first zone and the second zone. Furthermore, the sintering furnace has at least one conveying mechanism, by means of which a conveyance of bodies to be sintered is made possible on a conveying surface from the first zone through the transition zone to the second zone. Furthermore, the sintering furnace has at least one gas discharge device with at least one gas discharge device opening. The gas discharge device opening is arranged at least partially in a region of the transition zone.
  • bodies to be sintered are conveyed through the furnace on a conveying surface by means of a conveying mechanism.
  • the bodies to be sintered can lie directly on the conveying surface, or they can also be collected on or in transport devices, which in turn lie on the conveying surface.
  • the transport devices can be graphite or ceramic plates, for example.
  • containers that are open on one side, such as bowls, boxes or baskets, can also be provided, which can be made of ceramic, graphite, wire mesh or sheet metal, for example.
  • Embodiments are possible in which the bodies to be sintered are transported with the conveying surface by moving the conveying surface along the conveying direction.
  • the conveying surface can be designed, for example, as a belt, in particular as a conveyor belt.
  • the conveying mechanism can have, for example, revolving rollers.
  • Another possible embodiment of a conveying mechanism is found in the so-called walking beam furnace, in which the conveying surface is formed by so-called walking beams on which bodies to be sintered can be placed.
  • the bodies to be sintered are transported through the sintering furnace by conveying the walking beams via a corresponding lifting mechanism, which among other things results in a translational movement of the walking beam, which causes the bodies to be sintered to be transported further from the burnout zone to the sintering zone of the sintering furnace .
  • a sintering furnace Another possibility for designing a sintering furnace is to design it as a push-through furnace.
  • the bodies to be sintered are arranged directly or indirectly on a base area which, in this embodiment, represents a stationary conveying surface within the sintering furnace.
  • the bodies to be sintered can be conveyed in a pusher furnace, for example, by means of a pushing device via a corresponding pushing device arranged, for example, in an area of the furnace entrance.
  • a sintering furnace in which bodies to be sintered are conveyed is to design it as a roller hearth furnace.
  • the conveying surface is formed from rollers on which the bodies to be sintered are arranged directly or indirectly.
  • rollers that can be driven by means of motors come into consideration, via which a pulse can be transmitted to the body to be sintered, or a pulse is transmitted to the body to be sintered via an impact mechanism, similar to, for example, a pusher furnace and the bodies to be sintered are then transported over rollers, which in this case cannot be driven.
  • a combination of drivable and non-drivable rollers can also be provided to form the conveying surface.
  • One advantage of the roller hearth furnace is, for example, that the roller hearth furnace can usually be used at higher temperatures than, for example, a sintering furnace in the form of a sintering belt furnace.
  • roller hearth furnace Another advantage of the roller hearth furnace is that the speed of movement of the bodies to be sintered can be different along the longitudinal extension of the sintering furnace, so that, for example, the dwell time within a region of the sintering furnace can be adapted according to the respective process design.
  • a gas discharge device with at least one gas discharge device opening is arranged at least partially in a region of the transition zone.
  • the arrangement at least partially in a region of the transition zone has the consequence that at least not the entire gas discharge device opening is arranged within the first zone or within the second zone.
  • sintering furnaces which are used in particular for industrial production, zones of different functionality are usually arranged one behind the other.
  • at least one burnout zone and one sintering zone are part of the sintering furnace in an imaginary direction of passage of the bodies to be sintered.
  • a compensation zone, a carburization zone, a rough cooling zone for carrying out hardening processes, a tempering zone and / or a cooling zone can also be arranged on the sintering furnace, with the different zone types also listed in this case according to a typical arrangement in an imaginary flow direction are.
  • individual types of zones can also be arranged several times on the sintering furnace, for example in order to carry out the corresponding functionality at different temperatures and / or in different atmospheres.
  • not all of the named types of zones are necessarily present in a sintering furnace.
  • the listed sequence is a typical sequence in which the corresponding types of zones are typically arranged, but if necessary a reversal of the sequence can be provided, for example hardening and tempering processes can be flexibly connected one after the other.
  • a transition zone can be provided between different zones.
  • One of the purposes of the transition zone here is to separate, at least to a certain extent, the atmospheres that predominate in the zones arranged one behind the other.
  • the gas discharge device can be used at least partially within transition zones between any of the named zones or other zones.
  • the transition zone comprises at least one area, the smallest cross-sectional area of which is smaller than the cross-sectional area of at least one zone adjoining the transition zone.
  • the cross section within the transition zone is at least partially smaller than the cross section of the immediately adjacent areas adjoining the transition zone, or at least an area with a narrowed cross section is also located in one area of the transition zone.
  • the area of the sintering furnace with the smallest cross-section of the sintering furnace can also be possible for the area of the sintering furnace with the smallest cross-section of the sintering furnace to be present in an area of the transition zone or within the transition zone. This achieves, among other things, that gases flowing from the first zone into the second zone and / or gases flowing from the second zone into the first zone are forced to pass a cross-section that is narrowed compared to the areas adjoining the transition zone.
  • the resulting flow conditions in a region of the transition zone have proven in many cases to be advantageous for the quality of the sintered bodies.
  • At least one, possibly exchangeable, cross-sectional constriction body is arranged at least partially in a region of the transition zone above the conveying surface.
  • the advantage of an exchangeable cross-sectional constriction body is that when the sintering furnace is designed, the cross-sectional size and the course of the cross-section with the longitudinal extent of the transition zone do not have to be known, but rather that these can be changed depending on the process design.
  • one or more fixed and therefore non-exchangeable cross-sectional constrictions can also be provided.
  • the cross-sectional constriction body can, in principle, be a body of any geometry and any material, the prerequisite for usability being a material selection that is suitable for the respective process.
  • the cross-sectional constriction body is thermodynamically stable at the temperatures prevailing in each case in the transition zone. Furthermore, a selection of the material of the cross-sectional constriction body is advantageous in that there is no substantial outgassing of substances undesirable for the process atmosphere and that chemical reactions with the process atmosphere used in each case do not occur. With a view to this requirement profile, provision can be made for many cases, for example, to use ceramic bodies as cross-sectional constriction bodies, which bodies can be designed, for example, as a plate.
  • the cross-sectional constriction body can in this case within the transition zone, at one or several side walls and / or be attached to the top wall.
  • Fastening can take place, for example, by means of a screw connection, a permanent or releasable connection with other connecting elements or by hanging in a corresponding hanging device, the latter being done, for example, by hanging one or more eyelets made on the cross-sectional constriction in hooks appropriately placed in a region of the transition zone can.
  • a plurality of cross-sectional constrictions to be arranged at different positions between the first zone and the second zone. In all cases, it can also be possible that one or more cross-sectional constrictions protrude at least partially into the first zone and / or into the second zone, with one or more of the cross-sectional constrictions protruding into only one or both the adjacent zones may be possible.
  • At least one cross-section modifying body which can be moved into the transition zone and out of the cross-section of the transition zone is arranged above the conveying surface.
  • the intended cross-sectional change body can be arranged in a state moved into it in accordance with the exchangeable cross-sectional constriction body.
  • the cross-section changing body can be, for example, a ceramic plate that can be moved into the cross-section of the transition zone.
  • the cross-sectional constriction body is designed as a lamella, and that at least two lamellae are arranged one behind the other and spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the sintering furnace, at least one lamella being arranged within the transition zone.
  • the lamellae have a width which corresponds or almost corresponds to the distance between the inner walls of the sintering furnace, which are designed as muffle walls, for example.
  • the lamellae are significantly less wide than the distance between the inner walls of the sintering furnace, and that several lamellae are positioned next to one another when viewed in the direction of transport of the bodies to be sintered.
  • lamellae when viewed perpendicular to the transport direction of the bodies to be sintered, lamellae are positioned shifted to one another. Furthermore, it can be provided that one or more of the lamellae have different widths, thicknesses and / or lengths. It can also be provided that one or more of the slats, when viewed in parallel projection onto the conveying surface, are positioned in an orientation other than parallel to one another.
  • the lamellae can be made of any material, such as a metal alloy or ceramic. In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the lamellae are arranged in an alignment parallel to one another.
  • the lamellae are spaced apart from one another by a distance which is preferably between approximately 100 mm and 200 mm, preferably between 130 mm and 170 mm.
  • the advantage of designing a cross-sectional constriction body as a lamella or, if more than one lamella is arranged within the sintering furnace, as a total of lamellae, is that the flow of gases is stabilized in areas of the sintering furnace equipped with lamellae. This is caused, among other things, by the fact that the lamellae influence the gas flow in such a way that the flow stabilizing turbulence of the gas flow through the lamellae is caused.
  • lamellae are arranged within one or more of the zones.
  • the entirety of the lamellae extends from an area of a transition zone into an area of a zone adjoining the transition zone.
  • the entirety of the lamellae extends from an area of one zone to an area of another zone, wherein lamellae can also be arranged in further zones and / or transition zones located between these two zones.
  • a total of lamellas is arranged only within one zone or within several zones, but no lamella is arranged within an adjoining transition zone.
  • the gas discharge device opening is arranged completely in a region of the transition zone. This avoids protruding or at least partially protruding into the first zone and / or the second zone. As a result, the transition zone enables a largely complete conceptual separation of the first zone from the second zone.
  • the gas discharge device opening is arranged at least partially at the level of the conveying surface or below the level of the conveying surface.
  • the gas discharge device opening is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, above the conveyance level of the conveyance surface.
  • the gas discharge device opening is suitable for discharging gases which flow into the transition zone from one of the two zones adjacent to the transition zone in which the gas discharge device is arranged and from gas flowing from the other of the two adjacent zones is underflow.
  • At least one gas discharge device opening is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, at the level of the transport surface or below the height level of the transport surface, and that in addition at least one further gas discharge device opening is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, above the transport level of the transport surface.
  • at least one gas discharge device opening is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, at the level of the transport surface or below the height level of the transport surface, and that in addition at least one further gas discharge device opening is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, above the transport level of the transport surface.
  • the prevailing atmospheric conditions such as in particular the gas temperatures and the prevailing flow conditions
  • the parallel projection of the gas discharge device opening onto the conveying surface extends at least over almost the entire width of the conveying surface.
  • the parallel projection of the gas discharge device opening extends at least over the entire width of the conveying surface.
  • the width of the conveying surface denotes the extent which the conveying surface has perpendicular to the direction of movement of the body.
  • the gas discharge device opening extends along the width of the inner walls of the sintering furnace, which are designed as muffle walls, for example, in the region of the transition zone.
  • the advantage of extending the gas discharge device over the entire or at least almost the entire width of the conveying surface is that a largely homogeneous gas flow around or underflow is brought about for all bodies to be sintered located on the conveying surface.
  • the width of the gas evacuation device is greater than the width of the conveyance surface, the parallel projection of the gas evacuation device opening onto the conveyance surface extends beyond at least the entire width of the conveyance path.
  • the parallel projection of the gas discharge device opening extends over the entire distance between the lateral boundary walls of the sintering furnace.
  • the sintering furnace has at least one flow rate changing component which is arranged within the gas discharge device.
  • the flow rate changing component can be a valve, for example.
  • a valve can be designed, for example, as a hand-operated valve, medium-operated valve, machine-operated valve, electromagnetic valve, electrically operated valve, pneumatically operated valve, hydraulically operated valve or spring-loaded and weight-loaded valve.
  • the sintering furnace has at least one convection forcing device which is arranged within the gas discharge device.
  • the convection enforcement device can be designed, for example, as a compressor in the broader sense, for example as a fan for convection enforcement with a low pressure ratio between suction and pressure side between about 1 and 1.1 or as a fan with a higher pressure ratio than the values mentioned above Suction and pressure side.
  • At least one inlet device for introducing protective gas is arranged in a region of the transition zone essentially opposite the gas discharge device opening.
  • protective gas here generally refers to a gas which is provided for, indirectly or directly, introduction into the sintering zone, for example in an area of the sintering zone and / or coming from the furnace outlet, during the sintering process.
  • This can be, for example, an inert gas such as argon, krypton, xenon or mixtures of these.
  • other gases and / or gas mixtures can also be involved, it being advantageous if the chemical reactivity between the protective gas and the bodies to be sintered is low at the respective sintering temperature used.
  • a gas mixture of nitrogen N 2 and hydrogen H 2 as protective gas
  • typical gas mixtures for example, of 70% by volume of N 2 and 30% by volume of H 2 , or of 95% by volume.
  • % N 2 and 5% by volume H 2 or within the composition range between these two compositions.
  • the introduction device can be, for example, a nozzle or several nozzles through which the protective gas, comparable to a veil, preferably over the entire width of the sintering furnace and / or over part of the Longitudinal extension or the largely entire longitudinal extension of the transition zone is let into the sintering furnace.
  • the protective gas can be introduced via the introduction device under comparatively high pressure so that the introduced gas has a high kinetic energy.
  • the volume flow of gas guided out of the sintering furnace through the gas discharge device can be adjusted.
  • the volume flow of gas discharged from the sintering furnace by the gas discharge device can preferably be regulated.
  • the volume flow can be regulated, for example, by means of a two-position controller or by means of a three-position controller.
  • the volume flow can be changed separately or in combination with one another, for example through an adjustment by means of the flow rate changing component, the convection force device and / or the speed of the protective gas introduced into the sintering furnace by means of the introduction device.
  • the gas discharge device runs from the gas discharge device opening to a heat exchanger.
  • gas can be fed from the sintering furnace to the heat exchanger in order to heat fluid in the heat exchanger.
  • it can be provided to heat protective gas for a subsequent introduction into the sintering furnace.
  • preheated protective gas can be used for introduction into the sintering furnace, which in comparison to a heating of the protective gas that takes place only within one of the zones of the sintering furnace, for example the sintering zone and / or the cooling zone, is necessary for maintaining or achieving the The energy input to be applied in the corresponding zone can be reduced.
  • gases can be preheated, such as combustion air for use in the burnout zone, fuel gas for use by burners used in the burnout zone and / or for gas heating of gas-operated furnaces.
  • a recuperator is particularly suitable as a heat exchanger, for example a plate heat exchanger, a spiral heat exchanger, a tube heat exchanger, a U-tube heat exchanger, a jacket-tube heat exchanger, a heating register and / or a layer heat exchanger.
  • the first zone is a burn-out zone and that the second zone is a sintering zone.
  • lubricants and / or waxes are removed from the bodies to be sintered by burning out at temperatures which can typically be between 500 ° C. and 800 ° C.
  • the bodies to be sintered After passing through the burnout zone, the bodies to be sintered enter the sintering zone, in which the sintering process takes place at temperatures which are typically in a range between 80 percent and 95 percent of the absolute melting temperature of the material to be sintered, expressed in Kelvin. At these temperatures, the oxides in the bodies are initially reduced. At this stage, the sintering of the body is already taking place largely at the same time.
  • the bodies pass into a cooling zone, which is typically still present, in which the then already sintered bodies can cool down before they can then optionally be subjected to one or more post-treatments, such as post-heat treatments.
  • the cooling zone can also be used, for example, in order to be able to carry out post-heat treatment of the sintered bodies in it.
  • the named zones can be arranged one behind the other in a non-communicable manner, or they can be separated from one another by further zones arranged between the respective zones.
  • At least one transition zone is arranged between the burnout zone and the sintering zone.
  • the transition zone here has a cross-section that is narrowed both compared to the burn-out zone and the sintering zone.
  • the transition zone differs from the zones adjoining the transition zone by other parameters.
  • the transition zone is an area with conditions that differ from the conditions prevailing in the adjacent zones, in which, for example, a different temperature and / or a different atmosphere prevails and / or a different wall lining is arranged on the sintering furnace than in a or more of the adjacent zones.
  • One concept of the invention provides a method by means of which gases are removed from a sintering furnace.
  • the method provides that gas flowing between a first zone of the sintering furnace and a second zone of the sintering furnace passes through a transition zone arranged between the first zone and the second zone. While passing through the transition zone, at least a portion of gas flowing from one of the two zones in the direction of the other of the two zones passes through at least one gas discharge device opening in at least one gas discharge device and is then discharged from the sintering furnace by the gas discharge device.
  • the term gas can also include particles dispersed in such a state, which, for example, are distributed in the gas phase during the burn-out process.
  • the less warm of the two gases flows under the warmer of the two gases. At least a portion of the less warm of the two gases enters the gas discharge device opening at the level of the conveying surface and / or below the level of the conveying surface.
  • the advantage of the less warm of the two gases entering the gas discharge device opening at the level of a transport surface and / or below this level can be, for example, that the less warm of the two gases can be removed from the sintering furnace on the basis of natural convection alone.
  • the principle of operation is based on the fact that, due to the generally higher temperatures in one area of the sintering zone compared to the burn-out zone, a large proportion of the heating is caused by the sintering zone flowing sintering zone gas takes place at higher temperatures than a considerable proportion of burnout zone gas has after flowing through the burnout zone. It is thus achieved in such an exemplary embodiment that at least a portion of the burnout zone gas enters the gas discharge device opening at the level of the conveying surface and / or below the level of the conveying surface.
  • sintering zone gas denotes the entirety of the gas located in the sintering zone and flowing out of the sintering zone.
  • gas and the term sintering zone gas can be used in addition to substances in a gaseous state of aggregation comprise dispersed particles which are distributed, for example, in the gas phase during the sintering process.
  • One advantage of the described removal of burnout zone gas by the gas removal device from the sintering furnace is that impurities caused by burnout zone gas reach the sintering zone to a lesser extent than would be the case without the removal of burnout zone gas. If the proportion of burnout zone gas discharged from the sintering furnace is sufficient, further measures to reduce the impurities present in the sintering zone are therefore necessary to a lesser extent. For example, the volume flow of protective gas that is admitted into the sintering furnace at the sintering zone outlet can be reduced in order to flow from there in the direction of the burnout zone and reduce the influx of burnout zone gas into the sintering zone.
  • the less warm of the two gases flows under the warmer of the two gases, and that at least a portion of the warmer of the two gases is at the level of the transport surface and / or above the level of the Conveyor surface enters the gas discharge opening.
  • the portion of the gas flowing from one of the two zones in the direction of the other of the two zones reaches the gas discharge device as a result of natural convection through the gas discharge device opening and as a further consequence of natural convection through the gas discharge device is discharged from the sintering furnace.
  • the course of the gas discharge device is designed for this purpose in such a way that a less warm two gases are directed essentially downwards and a warmer two gases are directed essentially upwards out of the sintering furnace.
  • turbulence occurring in the gases present in the sintering furnace can be reduced or even completely avoided, which means that, for example, gases from a zone in another zone, for example from the first zone into the second zone and / or from the second zone into the first zone, can be prevented.
  • the gas flowing between the first and the second zone at least partially flows past at least one cross-sectional constriction body, thereby changing the direction of flow in the direction of the gas discharge device opening.
  • the cross-sectional constriction body is designed as a total of lamellae.
  • the proportion of the gas flowing from one of the two zones in the direction of the other of the two zones is accelerated and thereby changed, preferably by protective gas introduced in a region of the transition zone essentially opposite the gas evacuation device, in the direction of the gas evacuation device set, particularly preferably regulated, is.
  • protective gas is introduced at a comparatively high pressure, which has a high kinetic energy as a result of the introduction at high pressure, gases coming from the adjacent zones into the region of the transition zone would be accelerated in the direction of the gas discharge device opening.
  • the movement components caused by this are superimposed on those that are already present Movement components, such as those that occur as a result of natural convection.
  • the volume flow of gas discharged by the gas discharge device, and thereby the level of the portion of the gas flowing out of one of the two zones in the direction of the other of the two zones, discharged by the gas discharge device, by means of at least one within the Gas discharge device arranged flow change component set, preferably regulated, is.
  • This makes it possible to regulate the amount of the discharged portion of the gas flowing from the first zone in the direction of the second zone by means of a flow rate change component in accordance with the present process parameters, for example based on the prevailing or set temperatures.
  • One advantage of such a method is, for example when the first zone is designed as a burn-out zone and the second zone as a sintering zone, that with simultaneous removal of sintering zone gas with the burn-out zone gas, which may not be desired, or, for example, if turbulence that is likewise undesirable or if further turbulence occurs undesired, for example flow dynamic, effects, the expression of which can be reduced or avoided by means of a change, in particular a reduction, of the volume flow of the gas discharged into the gas discharge device by convection.
  • the volume flow of gas discharged by the gas discharge device and thereby the level of the proportion of the gas flowing from one of the two zones in the direction of the other of the two zones is set by means of at least one convection forcing device arranged within the gas discharge device , preferably increased, particularly preferably regulated.
  • the level of the proportion of the gas flowing from one of the two zones in the direction of the other of the two zones is adjusted as a control that is carried out by means of a control circuit.
  • This control loop can, for example, change the volume flow after measuring process parameters.
  • a change in the proportion of the gas flowing between the first zone and the second zone discharged by the gas discharge device can be achieved by means of a Flow changing member and / or a convection forcing device are effected.
  • a sensor for measuring the dew point temperature of steam located in the sintering furnace is in the control circuit for regulating the level of the removed portion of the burnout zone gas.
  • This is preferably the dew point temperature of water vapor.
  • a dew point mirror hygrometer for example, can be used as the sensor. It is particularly advantageous here if the sensor for measuring the dew point temperature is arranged within a zone in which an inflow of gases from adjacent zones is to be avoided by means of the gas discharge device. For example, if the first zone were designed as a burn-out zone and the second zone as a sintering zone, the sensor for measuring the dew point temperature would preferably be arranged within the sintering zone.
  • One advantage of such a method is, for example, that a possibly undesirably high concentration of undesired gas components originally originating from one of the two zones and / or dispersed components can be measured by means of moderate measuring-technical effort. If a limit value is exceeded, above which deterioration of the sintered components is to be expected, an increase in the level of the proportion of the gas guided through the gas discharge device can then take place in that the flow rate changing component is at least partially guided out of the cross section of the gas discharge device and / or by means of the Convection forcing device is increased by the gas discharge device from the gas discharge device opening away from the volume flow.
  • the first zone as a burnout zone and the second zone as a sintering zone it can be avoided, for example, that an undesirably high concentration undesirably got into the burnout zone atmosphere during the burnout process and transported into the sintering zone with the burnout zone gas and / or as a component of the burnout zone gas Substances can be reduced considerably.
  • An embodiment of the method is also provided, during which at least the portion of the gas flowing out of one of the two zones in the direction of the other of the two zones, discharged by the gas discharge device, into a heat exchanger is performed, in which a heating of fluid takes place through the transfer of thermal energy from the removed portion of the gas.
  • An embodiment of the method is also provided, during which at least the portion of the gas flowing from one of the two zones in the direction of the other of the two zones that is removed from the sintering furnace is conducted into a heat exchanger.
  • thermal energy of the warm gas is used to heat the protective gas to be introduced into the sintering furnace by transferring thermal energy.
  • An example of the introduction of protective gas into the sintering furnace is the introduction of protective gas in an area of the sintering zone. If protective gas that has already been preheated is introduced into an area of the sintering zone, at least the heat output required to maintain the sintering temperature in an area of the sintering zone is reduced.
  • the heat exchanger can be a recuperator, for example, which can be designed, for example, in cocurrent, cross-flow, counter-flow and / or core-flow designs, or in combinations thereof.
  • the first zone is the burnout zone and the second zone is the sintering zone.
  • One advantage of using this embodiment of the method is that in the burn-out zone, in accordance with the purpose of the burn-out zone, components outgas from the bodies to be sintered.
  • combustion products such as CO, CO 2 , H 2 O and / or soot arise in the burn-out zone, which can arise, for example, from the combustion of pressing aids present in the pellets and / or the combustion of the fuel gas.
  • undesired processes can be caused at the high temperatures typically prevailing in the sintering zone, such as the formation of reaction products from the previously outgassed constituents and the surface of the body to be sintered and / or diffusion of the previously outgassed components into the volume of the body to be sintered.
  • the described sintering furnace and / or the described method is used for the production of non-oxidic sintered bodies.
  • the advantage here is that as a result of gas flowing out of the first zone, for example the burn-out zone, in the direction of the second zone, for example the sintering zone, through the gas discharge device, the proportion of burn-out zone gas in the sintering zone is reduced.
  • this has the advantage, for example, that outgassing excreted and / or generated during the burn-out is partly or even largely due to the gas discharge device from the Transition zone are discharged and thus can only get into the sintering zone to a small extent or hardly at all or in an optimal case no longer at all.
  • sintered bodies which tend to react with such parts, in particular non-oxidic, can be produced with a high resulting quality, such as a high surface quality.
  • Fig. 1a shows a sintering furnace 1 in the configuration of a sintering belt furnace according to the prior art in a plan view.
  • the sintering furnace 1 comprises in the direction of the intended transport direction indicated by the arrow a furnace inlet 16, a first zone 2 designed as a burnout zone, a transition zone 4, a second zone 3 designed as a sintering zone, a cooling zone 17 and a sintering furnace outlet 18.
  • Bodies to be sintered 6 are located on the conveying surface 7, which is designed as a sintering belt in the sintering furnace 1 shown.
  • a muffle wall 19 is arranged on both sides of the conveying surface 7, which extends parallel to the boundary lines of the conveying surface 7 of the sintering furnace 1 from the beginning of the transition zone 4 along the sintering zone 3 up to, considering the intended transport direction the end of the cooling zone 17 extends.
  • a sintering furnace 1 in the form of a sintering belt furnace according to the prior art is shown in a side view.
  • the ones in the description of the Fig. 1a named features are the Figure 1b also to be taken, so that for the designations on the description of the Fig. 1a is referred.
  • a conveying mechanism 5 is shown at the ends of the conveying surface 7, which is designed as a sintered belt roll arranged at the ends of the conveying belt.
  • a possible embodiment of the muffle walls 19 can be found, the height of which in the three zones of their longitudinal extent, transition zone 4, sintering zone 3 and cooling zone 17, can be of different sizes.
  • a section of a sintering furnace 1 in an embodiment as a sintering belt furnace according to the prior art is shown in side view.
  • the drawing shows areas of the burnout zone 2 and the sintering zone 3 as well as the transition zone 4 arranged between these two.
  • Bodies 6 to be sintered are located on the conveying surface 7 in order to be conveyed on this in the conveying direction indicated by the arrow.
  • Muffle walls 19 are arranged around the conveying surface 7 along the longitudinal extension of the transition zone 4 and along the visible longitudinal extension of the sintering zone 3.
  • Figure 2b is shown by arrows how the gas flow within the sintering furnace 1 in its in Fig. 2a
  • the embodiment shown is essentially carried out during its operation according to experiments carried out.
  • the reference numbers agree with those of the Fig. 2a match.
  • the dotted arrow indicates in Figure 2b a direction of flow of sintering zone gas originating from the area of the sintering zone 3.
  • This sintering zone gas is permanently introduced as a protective gas in an area of the transition between the sintering zone and the cooling zone.
  • the solid arrows indicate directions of flow of the burnout zone gas located in an area of the burnout zone 2 and coming from the area of the burnout zone 2 and flowing in the direction of the sintering zone 3.
  • the sintering zone gas flowing from the area of the sintering zone 3 into the area of the burnout zone 2 is underflowed in an approximately wedge-shaped manner by the burnout zone gas flowing from the area of the burnout zone 2 into the area of the sintering zone 3 as a result of convection.
  • circulation movements of burnout zone gas take place, which flow through the conveying surface 7, since in the embodiment shown this is designed as an at least partially gas-permeable conveyor belt.
  • the following table 1 shows the measurement data listed in a table, which are obtained from a sintering furnace in accordance with Fig. 2a were determined without a gas discharge device arranged in an area of the transition zone, the longitudinal extent of the sintering zone and the cooling zone in the transport direction being 6 m each during the experiments carried out.
  • a gas inlet As an inlet for letting protective gas into the sintering furnace, a corresponding gas inlet was arranged in an area between the sintering zone and the cooling zone.
  • the upper values relate to results that were determined during Burners located in the burnout zone were switched off, while the lower values relate to results during which burners located in the burnout zone were switched on and thus led to the heating of the burnout zone gas and the addition of burner gases and dispersoids originating from the burners to the burnout zone gas.
  • the fields in which only one value is entered relate to results that were determined without the burner switched on in the burnout zone.
  • the specified temperatures are measured values measured on the sintering furnace, while the volume flows and the mass flows are results determined by means of simulation calculations.
  • the experimentally determined mean gas temperatures in an area of the furnace entrance, within the burnout zone, within the transition zone, within the sintering zone, which was 6 m long in the furnace used, within the cooling zone, which was also 6 m long, were used as input values and measured in an area of the furnace exit.
  • the mean temperature was calculated as the arithmetic mean from temperature values determined along a largely complete longitudinal extension of each zone.
  • the specified temperatures are the mean gas temperatures measured with thermometers specially shielded against radiant heat. As can be seen in Table 1, the gas in the sintering furnace had an average temperature of 700 ° C. within the burnout zone, while the average temperature of the gas in the sintering furnace was 1050 ° C.
  • the table shows that the total pressure difference in the area between the furnace inlet and the gas inlet located at the end of the sintering zone and in the area between the gas inlet and the furnace outlet with the burners switched on, at 0.512 Pa each, is about 2.5 times that of the switched off Burners obtained value.
  • Fig. 3a shows a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 in side view.
  • the configuration shown differs from that in Fig. 2a
  • a gas discharge device 8 in the form of a line leading from the interior of the sintering furnace 1 into the surroundings is arranged within the transition zone. Inside the sintering furnace, the gas discharge device 8 opens into a gas discharge device opening 9 which, in the embodiment shown, is arranged below the conveying surface 7, which in the embodiment shown is designed to be gas-permeable.
  • the meaning of the other reference symbols and of the arrow indicating the direction of transport is corresponding Fig. 2a chosen.
  • Figure 3b is shown schematically by means of arrows how the course of the gas flows within the sintering furnace 1 in its in Fig. 3a
  • the embodiment shown is essentially carried out during its operation according to experiments carried out.
  • the reference symbols here correspond to those of Fig. 3a .
  • Dotted arrows indicate directions of flow of sintering zone gas originating from the area of the sintering zone 3.
  • the solid arrows indicate directions of flow of the burnout zone gas located in an area of the burnout zone 2 and coming from the area of the burnout zone 2 and flowing in the direction of the sintering zone 3.
  • sintering zone gas flowing from the area of the sintering zone 3 into the area of the burnout zone 2 is from
  • the burnout zone gas flowing under the area of the burnout zone 2 in the direction of the sintering zone 3 within the burnout zone 2 and within an area of the transition zone 4 is approximately wedge-shaped.
  • circulation movements of burnout zone gas take place, which flow through the conveying surface 7, which is possible because the conveying surface in the embodiment shown is at least partially gas-permeable.
  • the following table 2 shows the measurement data listed in a table, which in a sintering furnace in an embodiment according to Fig. 3a with the gas discharge device arranged in the transition zone, the longitudinal extent of the sintering zone and the cooling zone in the transport direction being 6 m each during the experiments carried out.
  • the general conditions described in the description of Table 1 apply with regard to the determination of the values listed.
  • an additional column “Gas suction” is inserted in Table 2, in which values obtained in a region of the gas discharge device opening are entered.
  • Table 2 Values determined on a sintering furnace according to FIG. 3a and thus with a gas discharge device.
  • Table 2 shows in particular that the pressure difference between the furnace inlet and the gas inlet and the pressure difference between the gas inlet and the furnace outlet, both with the burners switched on and with the burners switched off, are significantly lower than those listed in Table 1 for the sintering furnace without a gas discharge device.
  • Table 2 shows in particular that the pressure difference between the furnace inlet and the gas inlet and the pressure difference between the gas inlet and the furnace outlet, both with the burners switched on and with the burners switched off, are significantly lower than those listed in Table 1 for the sintering furnace without a gas discharge device.
  • FIG. 3c a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 can be seen in a side view.
  • the one in this Figure 3c The sintering furnace 1 shown differs from that in Figure 3b
  • the embodiment shown essentially to the effect that gas inlet devices 20 designed as nozzles are arranged within the transition zone 4 and above the gas discharge device opening 9.
  • gas inlet devices 20 designed as nozzles are arranged within the transition zone 4 and above the gas discharge device opening 9.
  • an acceleration of gas originating in the first zone as well as gas originating in the second zone is effected with at least one directional component in the direction of the gas evacuation device opening.
  • This is shown sketchily by the course of the arrows, the meaning of which is analogous to that in Fig. 3b shown arrows.
  • FIG. 3d a section of an embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 is shown in plan view, as it is shown in FIG Fig. 3a is shown in side view.
  • the parallel projection of the gas discharge device opening 9 on the conveying surface 7 extends in the transverse direction to the direction of transport of the bodies to be sintered completely over the distance between the two muffle walls 19, which represent the inner walls of the sintering furnace.
  • a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 can be seen in a side view. Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3a, the embodiment shown in FIG Fig. 3e The sintering furnace 1 shown has a gas discharge device 8 with a gas discharge device opening 9, which is designed as a line leading completely in a region of the transition zone 4 from the interior of the sintering furnace 1 into the environment, the transition zone 4 in the example shown between the adjoining first zone 2 , which in this example is designed as a rough cooling zone, and the second zone 3 which is adjacent to the other side of the transition zone 4 and which is designed as a tempering zone in this example.
  • the gas evacuation device opening is in the embodiment of FIG Fig. 3e not arranged below the level of the conveying surface 7, but above the level of the conveying surface 7.
  • Fig. 3f is shown schematically by means of arrows how the course of the gas flows within the sintering furnace in its in Fig. 3f
  • the embodiment shown was essentially observed during operation in accordance with experiments carried out.
  • the first zone 2 is designed as a rough cooling zone
  • the second zone 3 is designed as a tempering zone.
  • the dashed arrows designate gas flowing essentially in the direction of the rough cooling zone
  • the solid arrows inside the sintering furnace 1 designate gas flowing out of the rough cooling zone essentially in the direction of the tempering zone.
  • the mean gas temperature of the gases flowing from the rough cooling zone in the direction of the tempering zone is lower than the mean gas temperature of the gases originating from the tempering zone.
  • the gas discharge device opening 9 is arranged above the conveying surface 7 in the example shown, it is achieved that the prevailing flow conditions compared to those in FIG Figure 3b
  • the flow conditions shown are mirrored approximately on a plane parallel to the conveying surface 7. In the example shown, it can thus be achieved that the proportion of gases originating from the tempering zone, such as air, which reaches the rough cooling zone, can be reduced.
  • FIG. 4a a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 is shown.
  • the embodiment shown here essentially corresponds to that in FIG Fig. 3a embodiment shown.
  • a difference from the latter is that Figure 4a it can be seen that a cross-sectional constriction body 10 is arranged above the conveying surface in a region of the transition zone.
  • the cross-sectional constriction body 10 is here cuboid and, possibly detachably, attached to the top of the muffle wall.
  • the other reference symbols are analogous to Fig. 3a forgive.
  • FIG. 4b Another embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 is shown in which, in particular, a cross-sectional change body 11 is arranged within the transition zone 4, which body can be moved into and out of the cross-sectional area of the transition zone 4.
  • the cross-section changing body 11 is designed as a plate which is held in a guide and can be raised or lowered via a traction system.
  • the other reference symbols are analogous to Fig. 3a forgive.
  • FIG. 4c a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 is shown.
  • the configuration shown essentially corresponds to that in FIG Figure 4a However, it differs slightly from this embodiment, namely essentially in that the cross-sectional constriction body 10 is designed as a lamella 21.
  • the cross-sectional constriction body 10 is designed as a lamella 21.
  • three lamellae are arranged within the transition zone.
  • the lamellae are arranged one behind the other and equidistantly.
  • the number of lamellae is higher than in the embodiment shown and that the entirety of the lamellae extends into one or both of the adjacent zones.
  • Figure 4d is shown schematically by means of arrows how the course of the gas flows within the sintering furnace 1 in its in Figure 4c
  • the embodiment shown is essentially carried out during its operation according to experiments carried out.
  • the reference symbols here correspond to those in Figure 2b used reference symbols.
  • Dotted arrows indicate directions of flow of sintering zone gas originating from the area of the sintering zone 3.
  • the solid arrows indicate directions of flow of the burnout zone gas located in an area of the burnout zone 2 and coming from the area of the burnout zone 2 and flowing in the direction of the sintering zone 3.
  • Figure 4e is based on a sintering furnace 1 in Figure 4c
  • the shown embodiment of the measurements carried out shows how the relative flow resistance behaves in percent as a function of the lamella spacing in mm.
  • Two lamellas were hung at different distances between 0 mm and 300 mm from one another in the transition zone of the sintering furnace.
  • the relative flow resistance of the entirety of the two lamellae is shown as a function of the lamella spacing, with the flow resistance of one at the same position positioned cross-sectional constriction body 10 designed as a solid body was selected as a reference variable, the flow resistance of which corresponds to 100%.
  • the in Fig. 4f The results plotted in the diagram shown in the diagram were determined by changing the number of lamellae, the lamellae being positioned at equidistant distances from one another along a direction pointing in the transport direction of the body to be sintered.
  • the relative flow resistance of the entirety of the lamellae is shown as a function of the lamellae spacing, the flow resistance of a cross-sectional constriction body 10, positioned at the same position as a solid body, being selected as a reference value, the flow resistance of which corresponds to 100%.
  • the entirety of the lamellae is not designed as a cross-sectional narrowing body, as shown here, but as a cross-sectional change body, and the lamellae are designed to be movable into and out of the cross-section of the transition zone, for example. It can be provided here that the entirety of the slats as such can be moved in and out, but also that the slats can be moved independently of one another.
  • FIG. 5a a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 is shown in side view. From the Figure 5a the arrangement of a flow rate changing component 12 arranged within the gas discharge device 8 can be seen.
  • the flow rate changing component 12 is designed as a plate which can be inserted and removed sideways into the cross section of the gas discharge device 8.
  • the other reference symbols are analogous to Fig. 3a forgive.
  • FIG. 5b a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 is shown in side view.
  • the figure shown shows that a convection forcing device 13 is arranged within the gas discharge device 8.
  • the convection forcing device 13 is an axial fan formed, which, depending on the design, speed of rotation, direction of rotation or other parameters, causes a forced convection, which is superimposed with existing natural convection.
  • the other reference symbols are analogous to Fig. 3a forgive.
  • a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 is shown in side view.
  • the sintering furnace comprises both a flow rate change component 12 and a convection force device 13.
  • the sintering furnace 1 comprises a control circuit 14 for regulating the setting of the flow rate change component 12 and the convection force device 13.
  • there is a sensor for measuring the dew point temperature T dew of water vapor located in the sintering zone is arranged as a measuring element of the control circuit 14.
  • a further embodiment of a sintering furnace 1 is shown in a configuration as a sintering belt furnace in a side view.
  • the gas discharge device 8 leads to a heat exchanger 15, in which heat from the gas discharged from the sintering furnace 1 can be used to heat a fluid.

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IN2014DN07711A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2015-05-15
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WO2013135373A1 (de) 2013-09-19
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DE102012005180A1 (de) 2013-09-19
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