EP2809465A1 - VERFAHREN ZUM STRANGGIEßEN EINES METALLISCHEN STRANGES IN EINER STRANGGIEßANLAGE UND STRANGGIEßANLAGE - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUM STRANGGIEßEN EINES METALLISCHEN STRANGES IN EINER STRANGGIEßANLAGE UND STRANGGIEßANLAGEInfo
- Publication number
- EP2809465A1 EP2809465A1 EP13703360.1A EP13703360A EP2809465A1 EP 2809465 A1 EP2809465 A1 EP 2809465A1 EP 13703360 A EP13703360 A EP 13703360A EP 2809465 A1 EP2809465 A1 EP 2809465A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slab
- casting
- segment
- rollers
- continuous casting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
- B22D11/1281—Vertical removing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
- B22D11/1282—Vertical casting and curving the cast stock to the horizontal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
- B22D11/1287—Rolls; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
- B22D11/141—Plants for continuous casting for vertical casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
- B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
- B22D11/208—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock for aligning the guide rolls
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for continuously casting a metallic strand in a continuous casting installation, in which the metal formed into a casting machine with molten core is vertically ejected from a mold in a casting machine, wherein the slab is guided in the conveying direction behind the mold through a number of segments, wherein each segment comprises a number of segmented rollers adapted to contact the slab surface. Furthermore, the invention relates to a continuous casting plant.
- the generic production of a strand is well known in the art.
- the cast strand ie the slab, leaves the mold and is still molten in the interior.
- the slab is bent from the vertical to the horizontal, using a number of casting arc segments.
- Each casting arc segment has a number of segment rolls which contact the slab in pairs on opposite sides.
- Fig. 1 shows a casting machine as part of a continuous casting in the side view.
- Fig. 2 the course of the temperature of the mold to a furnace, which is connected downstream of the casting machine is shown.
- the continuous casting 1 comprises the casting machine 2, which has a number - present eight - casting arc segments 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 1 1, which form a pouring arc 3.
- the mold and the first three G manbogensegmente are not shown.
- the cast slab is conveyed to the casting machine end 14 in the conveying direction F and thereby deflected from the vertical to the horizontal.
- a number of pairs of segment rollers 12 and 13 are mounted, between which the slab is conveyed through.
- the casting machine length (from the mold to the casting end 14) is usually determined so that at maximum mass flow (corresponding thickness or cross section of the slab times casting speed) the solidification of the cast strand still within the last G confusebogensegments (ie present in the casting arc segment 1 1 ) takes place.
- the resulting temperature profile is shown in Fig. 2, here the example of a 16.4 m long Bogeng discernstrom. Shown are the core temperature T K , the surface temperature T 0 (on the underside of the slab) and the average value of the temperature T M over the slab thickness when passing through the casting machine to the entry into the behind arranged roller hearth furnace. Indicated is the casting machine end 14 and the stove beginning 19.
- the average outlet temperature of the thin slab from the casting machine is here higher than 1 .200 ° C. Also during further transport to the furnace, the slab loses its free environment and rolls, etc., still about 70 ° C at temperature. Due to the high mass flow, however, the temperature level at the inlet to the furnace is sufficiently high (here: 1 .166 ° C).
- the continuous casting plant is not always operated with the optimum conditions or with maximum casting speeds.
- Casting technology reasons eg surface quality, crack prevention, casting stability
- a casting machine can and must flexibly set the casting speeds can.
- the strand cooling can not be arbitrarily adapted to the lower mass flow. With a lower mass flow, therefore, the cast strand solidifies far within the continuous casting plant, which results from FIG. 3.
- the course of the temperature of the mold to the furnace is shown, but now - in relation to Fig. 2 - lower casting speed.
- the fürerstarrungsort the slab is again indicated at 23 and is far in front of the casting machine end 14.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and a continuous casting, with which it is possible to reduce said energy losses in a simple and efficient manner, so that even with changing casting speed always optimal process conditions can be maintained.
- an energetically optimized mode of operation should be possible, which can be set at a predetermined casting speed.
- the solution of this problem by the invention according to the method is characterized in that in the area in front of the caster end a number of segmental roles are lifted from the slab surface or are not installed in provided recordings, so that the contact between Slab and segmented roll interrupted or not given.
- the slab is guided in the conveying direction behind the mold along a casting arc through a number G manbogensegmente and deflected in the horizontal, each G manbogensegment having a number of segmented rollers, which are designed to make contact with the slab surface, wherein along the casting arc in A number of segmented rolls are lifted from the slab surface before the end of the casting machine or are not installed in intended receptacles.
- a thermal insulation element is preferably introduced between the slab surface and the at least one segments roll lifted or uninstalled from the slab.
- This introduction of the Dämmelements can be done by horizontal insertion from the side of the slab.
- the thermal insulation elements can be permanently installed between spaced support rollers or driver rollers, in particular in front of one or both sides of the slab or slab edges.
- a simulation calculation is carried out by means of a calculation model, the position of the sump tip being determined at least on the basis of the casting speed and the slab geometry, but possibly also on the basis of further parameters, the lifting off of segmented rolls on the basis of the simulation calculation taking place so that the lifting off for a defined section of the Casting arc takes place.
- the G manbogensegmente which lie in the conveying direction behind the calculated Sumpfspitze, ascended and optionally provided with a thermal insulation element.
- the G confusebogensegmente are usually provided with cooling means for cooling the slab, in which case the cooling capacity can be reduced or brought to zero at least on a number of G manbogensegmente.
- the Brannnne can be supported at least in the region of the casting arc segments with lifted segment rollers by preferably driven support rollers, so that despite the brought out of contact support rollers sufficient guidance and a functional transport of the slab is given.
- drive roller pairs or pinch rollers can be installed at certain intervals.
- the lifted segment roles and / or the radiant heat of the slab exposed support rollers are preferably rotationally driven.
- the proposed insulating effect in the continuous casting is preferably combined or supplemented with insulation measures that are performed behind the continuous casting.
- Behind the casting machine is usually - in addition to other facilities - arranged a furnace, wherein at least one thermal insulation element for thermal insulation of the slab can be arranged in the region between the casting machine end and the beginning of the oven. In this case, it can be provided that the at least one thermal insulation element is retracted only temporarily into the region of the slab to its thermal insulation.
- the at least one thermal insulation element is retracted into the region of a pair of scissors and / or in the region of an inline frame and / or in the region of a cold string removal.
- the at least one movable thermal insulation element can be arranged by the adjusting medium horizontally and transversely to the conveying direction of the slab slidably.
- thermal insulation elements used are known as such in the prior art. These solutions can be used. Reference is made in particular to EP 0 198 595 B1, to EP 0 005 340 B1, to DE 1 452 102 A1 and to EP 0 042 656 B1.
- the segmented rolls should lift off from the strand, that is to say in the roll segments in which the strand is already solidified.
- the rollers are driven in order to avoid unilateral heating and deformation of the rollers. This is especially true if the roles unprotected, that is without insulation, a long time the slab radiation are exposed.
- an insulating hood thermal insulation element
- the strand is supported in this case only by individual preferably driven strand rolls (support rollers).
- the segment cooling in the area from the mold to the through solidification of the strand is minimized within the technologically permissible limits.
- a two-material cooling offers, which has a larger adjustment range of the cooling effect; but it is also at least partially a dry pouring possible.
- Another measure is the deactivation of the segment cooling in the solidified area to the casting machine end.
- a mathematical model is preferably used. This calculation model describes the cooling of the strand within the continuous casting plant and the segment in which the strand solidifies safely through. Among other things, the calculation model takes into account the following parameters:
- the calculation can take place as a setup before the start of casting or dynamically during the casting process. Depending on the result of the simulation, it is determined which segments are driven up. If the mass flow changes during casting, individual segments can be opened or closed again, resulting in a flexible change of the strand length.
- Each free area can be provided with fixed or movable insulating covers (thermal insulation elements). This can be done first in the field of cold-string disposal. For this purpose, after the cold strand has been removed, the "gallows" are swung upwards and an insulation hood is retracted into the free space, and a corresponding thermal insulation is also possible between the roller table rollers.
- thermo insulation in the area of the scissors frame and the shear blade can be done.
- To cut the thermal insulation hoods can be pivoted out of the cutting area and then swung back again. Accordingly, this area can not be insulated at the slab head and at the end of the slab.
- these temperature losses or temperature differences can be compensated in the oven by targeted torch mode or more efficiently by a small inductive heating, which acts on these colder areas. The temperature differences at the end of the slab are largely compensated by rapid transport into the furnace.
- the proposed measures are preferably used on a thin-slab Bogeng devisstrom used. Of course, however, they are also suitable for other continuous casting plants, in particular for vertical casting plants or for conventional thick slab casting plants.
- preferred insulation measures are already carried out in the vertical and arch portion behind the continuous casting.
- a pair of scissors and an oven behind the casting machine can also be an inline rolling mill with scissors arranged behind it and subsequently a furnace (or an inductive heater) installed behind the caster.
- a furnace or an inductive heater
- Fig. 6 shows the course of the temperature of the mold to the downstream
- a continuous casting plant 1 is indicated, in which case the casting machine 2 of the same is shown.
- a casting speed is used which is reduced to such an extent that, without further measures, the sump tip is no longer in the region of the casting machine end 14, but instead-as shown in FIG. 3 -in the middle region of the casting machine. This would have the negative consequences as described in connection with FIG. 3 above.
- segment rollers 12 and 13 are lifted off the slab surface along the casting arc 3 in the area in front of the casting machine end 14.
- the contact between segment roller and slabs is thus interrupted.
- This has, first of all, the consequence that the cooling effect produced by the surface contact between the segmented roll and the slab does not occur and consequently the slab cools less strongly along its course to the casting machine end 14.
- the segment rollers are raised or lowered in the direction normal to the slab surface so far that a thermal insulation element 15 or 16 can be introduced between the slab surface and the segment rollers 12, 13 lifted off the slab. Said insulation elements 15, 16 have been inserted laterally horizontally in the space created between the slab and segment roller 12, 13.
- the cast strand is already solidified approximately in the region of the casting arc segment 7. Accordingly, the following G collectbogensegmente 8, 9, 10 and 1 1 have been ascended and provided with insulating elements 15, 16. This measure can be done above and below the slab, but possibly also only on one side.
- a lateral insulation in the direction of the slab edges is provided. This may be attached to the insulating elements 15, 16 or have separate adjustment mechanisms. The lateral insulation is not shown in Fig. 4.
- the extended lifting or lowering of the segmented rollers takes place for example by means of a long-stroke hydraulic cylinder 27, which is supported in the embodiment of FIG. 4 on the frame 28.
- a long-stroke hydraulic cylinder 27 As adjustment can also be used a mechanical adjustment or a pneumatic cylinder.
- casting segments can optionally be advantageously prepared in such a way that the insulation is firmly installed.
- the cast strand supported by spaced support rollers or drive rollers and installed in intermediate areas above and / or below and optionally also laterally a fixed insulation. Accordingly, a lateral retraction and extension of the insulation occurs in this case.
- an extended employment of segmented rollers in the direction of the slab to or away from this does not take place here or the segment rolls are not present in the area of the insulation from the beginning.
- thermal insulation measures are taken in the area between the casting machine end 14 and the beginning of the furnace 19 of the subsequent furnace 18 to keep the slab warm at the kiln inlet.
- Thermal insulation elements 20, 21 and 22 are provided which, in a manner analogous to the insulation elements 15 and 16, hinder the release of heat from the slab to the environment and thus ensure that the slab remains warm.
- a swiveling insulating hood 20 is provided in the area of slab cleaning 24, a swiveling insulating hood 20 is provided.
- the pivoting can take place when the spray bar of the slab cleaning 24 is not active and swung up.
- Thermal insulation elements 21 are also present in the region of the scissors 25.
- the pivot arrows on the insulating elements 21 indicate the direction of movement, in which the insulating elements 21 are pivoted to either get into their active position (for thermal insulation) or in their passive position (for cutting the slab).
- thermal insulation element 22 is present in the field of cold strand disposal immediately in front of the furnace 18.
- the gallows 26 for disposal of the dummy bar is indicated.
- the upper insulating element 22 can be pivoted into the position shown.
- the lower thermal insulation elements are presently designed as fixed insulation.
- FIG. 6 shows how the temperature profile of the inventive design and procedure results:
- the segments or segment parts can be removed for changing across the slab transport direction to the side by the frame or lifted perpendicular to the slab transport direction.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012201395A DE102012201395A1 (de) | 2012-02-01 | 2012-02-01 | Verfahren zum Stranggießen eines metallischen Stranges in einer Stranggießanlage und Stranggießanlage |
PCT/EP2013/051934 WO2013113832A1 (de) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-01-31 | VERFAHREN ZUM STRANGGIEßEN EINES METALLISCHEN STRANGES IN EINER STRANGGIEßANLAGE UND STRANGGIEßANLAGE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2809465A1 true EP2809465A1 (de) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2809465B1 EP2809465B1 (de) | 2015-08-19 |
Family
ID=47681862
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13703360.1A Not-in-force EP2809465B1 (de) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-01-31 | VERFAHREN ZUM STRANGGIEßEN EINES METALLISCHEN STRANGES IN EINER STRANGGIEßANLAGE UND STRANGGIEßANLAGE |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9802244B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2809465B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN104203454A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012201395A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013113832A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017060428A1 (de) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines metallischen bandes durch endloswalzen |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104493120B (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-05-24 | 中冶连铸技术工程有限责任公司 | 一种连铸机辊列曲线设计装置及方法 |
DE102015210865A1 (de) | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-10 | Sms Group Gmbh | Gieß-Walz-Anlage und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb |
DE102021207301A1 (de) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-01-12 | Sms Group Gmbh | Strangführungseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Stranggießen eines metallischen Produkts in einer Stranggießanlage mit einer solchen Strangführungseinrichtung |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1040420A (en) | 1963-11-19 | 1966-08-24 | United Eng Foundry Co | Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature of hot strip |
AT344346B (de) * | 1975-04-30 | 1978-07-10 | Voest Ag | Einrichtung zum fuehren eines gussstranges |
EP0048503B1 (de) | 1978-04-27 | 1985-08-21 | Encomech Engineering Services Limited | Hitzeschild für band- oder knüppelförmiges Material |
GB1603428A (en) * | 1978-05-04 | 1981-11-25 | Encomech Eng Services Ltd | Heat shields |
EP0010976B1 (de) | 1978-11-07 | 1982-08-04 | Encomech Engineering Services Limited | Hitzeschild-Anordnungen |
JPS5779056A (en) * | 1980-11-04 | 1982-05-18 | Nippon Steel Corp | Ingot conveyor for continuous casting installation |
DE3201417C2 (de) | 1981-01-22 | 1986-01-16 | Nippon Steel Corp., Tokio/Tokyo | Massive Walze aus Metall zum Transport von heißem Material |
GB8507858D0 (en) | 1985-03-26 | 1985-05-01 | Encomech Eng Services Ltd | Heat shield arrangements |
JPS62222015A (ja) | 1986-03-20 | 1987-09-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | 高温物体の保温室 |
GB2203372A (en) | 1987-04-15 | 1988-10-19 | British Steel Corp | Heat conservation of hot metal slabs |
DE69116981T2 (de) * | 1990-11-08 | 1996-06-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Kontinuierliches Warmband-Walzsystem |
DE10206243A1 (de) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-28 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zum Endloswalzen eines im Querschnitt als Dünnbramme bemessenen, mit Gießgeschwindigkeit erzeugten Metallstrangs, insbesondere eines Stahlstrangs, und zugehörige Stranggießmaschine |
DE102006054932A1 (de) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-09-13 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Metallbandes durch Gießwalzen |
DE102007022927A1 (de) | 2006-05-26 | 2007-12-20 | Sms Demag Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Metallbandes durch Stranggießen |
DE102007022929A1 (de) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-12-20 | Sms Demag Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Metallbandes durch Stranggießen |
DE102007016100A1 (de) | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Sms Demag Ag | Einrichtung zum Warmhalten von aus einer Stranggießanlage austretenden Brammen |
DE102010022003B4 (de) * | 2009-06-19 | 2022-12-29 | Sms Group Gmbh | Vertikal-Stranggießanlage |
-
2012
- 2012-02-01 DE DE102012201395A patent/DE102012201395A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-01-31 WO PCT/EP2013/051934 patent/WO2013113832A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-01-31 CN CN201380017978.2A patent/CN104203454A/zh active Pending
- 2013-01-31 US US14/376,015 patent/US9802244B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-01-31 EP EP13703360.1A patent/EP2809465B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2013113832A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017060428A1 (de) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines metallischen bandes durch endloswalzen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104203454A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2809465B1 (de) | 2015-08-19 |
US20150000861A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
US9802244B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
WO2013113832A1 (de) | 2013-08-08 |
DE102012201395A1 (de) | 2013-08-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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