EP2805031B1 - Centrale électrique et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale électrique - Google Patents

Centrale électrique et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2805031B1
EP2805031B1 EP13714254.3A EP13714254A EP2805031B1 EP 2805031 B1 EP2805031 B1 EP 2805031B1 EP 13714254 A EP13714254 A EP 13714254A EP 2805031 B1 EP2805031 B1 EP 2805031B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure turbine
turbine section
temperature
power plant
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13714254.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2805031A1 (fr
Inventor
Günter Bauer
Norbert Pieper
Hans-Ulrich Thierbach
Michael Wechsung
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP13714254.3A priority Critical patent/EP2805031B1/fr
Priority to PL13714254T priority patent/PL2805031T3/pl
Publication of EP2805031A1 publication Critical patent/EP2805031A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2805031B1 publication Critical patent/EP2805031B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/26—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam
    • F01K3/262—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam by means of heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
    • F01K7/025—Consecutive expansion in a turbine or a positive displacement engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F01K7/24—Control or safety means specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a power plant comprising a steam turbine, which is subdivided into a high-pressure turbine section, medium-pressure turbine section and low-pressure turbine section, and a reheater unit is arranged between the high-pressure turbine section and the medium-pressure turbine section.
  • Power plants in which large-volume steam turbines are used, u.a. used in the municipal energy supply.
  • the steam turbines used in such power plants have relatively high masses and are usually designed for a given nominal power.
  • These power plants which can also be referred to as conventional power plants, can be classified as a first approximation in pure steam power plants and in gas and steam power plants. Both have in common that fossil fuels are needed to generate electrical energy.
  • Such power plants have hitherto been designed so that they were designed for a base load. Due to the increasing share of renewable energy sources, such as As the wind energy, which are not substantially controllable, the aforementioned conventional power plants must be operated more frequently in a partial load. This means that the power plants do not permanently deliver the nominal power, but deliver a percentage of the nominal power as a partial load. For example, the partial loads may in some cases be 25% of full load.
  • the reheater heating surfaces were oversized and the hot reheater superheat temperature in the upper load range, for example, between 70% and 100%, regulated at the expense of the resulting thermodynamic efficiency loss.
  • the term "hZÜ" refers to the hot reheater temperature that is present after the reheater unit.
  • Another approach is to limit the load gradients in the lower load range or to reduce the permissible load changes, whereby an increased wear is considered, so that the thick-walled components must be replaced early.
  • the DE 10 2008 037575 A1 discloses an apparatus and method for improving operation of steam turbines at reduced load.
  • EP 0 899 505 A1 discloses a combined power plant with a high pressure reheater.
  • the DE 10 2010 041 627 A1 discloses a steam turbine with a high pressure part, wherein between the high pressure part and the low pressure part, a control valve is arranged.
  • the US 4 132 076 A discloses a control method for starting a steam turbine.
  • the invention begins. It is an object of the invention to operate the power plant such that the life of the components is increased despite frequent load changes.
  • the invention is based on the idea that a frequent load change can still take place, but does not lead to a reduction in the service life of the components.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the number of permissible load changes is generally not proportional to the temperature jump at the same temperature gradient. For example, a temperature jump of 30 Kelvin leads to about 1,000,000 permissible load changes, whereas a temperature jump of 60 Kelvin does not lead to a halving of the permissible load changes, but to a much smaller number of load changes, namely about 10,000 permissible load changes. Thus, when the temperature jump is doubled, the number of permissible load changes changes by one or more orders of magnitude.
  • the above values are for illustrative purposes only.
  • the number of permissible load changes as a function of the temperature jump strongly depend on the geometries of the components, the material properties as well as temperature levels and many other parameters.
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the temperature of the reheater unit can be reduced by raising the inlet temperature to the reheater unit.
  • the inlet temperature upstream of the reheater unit is also referred to as cold reheat.
  • This increase in temperature is realized by the fact that control valves that before the second expansion section, d. H. be throttled before the medium-pressure turbine section.
  • the throttling reduces the expansion and thus the temperature reduction in the first expansion section, in this case in the high-pressure turbine section. The result is that there is an increase in load-dependent temperature fluctuations at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine section.
  • the partial reheat waste of the reheater superheat temperature is reduced by raising the cold reheater temperature at the high pressure turbine exit.
  • This temperature increase is achieved by targeted pressure increase in the reheater system at partial load by throttling the valves. If no throttling takes place, a partial load at one point would cause a temperature change of 60 Kelvin, for example on one component. Due to the throttling according to the invention, this temperature reduction of 60 Kelvin is counteracted and, for example, only a temperature reduction of 30 Kelvin is achieved, wherein this temperature reduction of 30 Kelvin is to be divided into two components. The permissible load changes thereby increase by more than an order of magnitude.
  • the throttling is chosen such that the amount of temperature reduction after the reheater unit in the unthrottled state is substantially halved.
  • the throttling is controlled such that the load changes to all components, the then smaller temperature changes in the first approximation are the same size.
  • a significant advantage of the invention is that now large load changes can be driven with significantly faster gradients and much more often in the life of the steam turbine. This leads to an overall increase in the lifetime.
  • Conventional conventional power plants include a steam turbine that can be divided into a high-pressure turbine section, medium-pressure turbine section and low-pressure section turbine and a reheater unit, wherein the reheater unit between the high-pressure turbine section and the intermediate-pressure turbine section is arranged.
  • a steam generator In front of the high-pressure turbine part, a steam generator generates a hot live steam, which flows through the high-pressure turbine section and then reheated in the reheater unit and then flows into the medium-pressure turbine section and then through the low-pressure turbine section. After the low-pressure turbine section, the steam condenses to water and is pumped back to the steam generator where it is converted back to steam.
  • Such a power plant is designed for a rated power that is to be operated as permanently as possible at this nominal power level.
  • a partial load operation this means that the power plant will not operate at 100% rated load, but at 25% of the rated power Rated load is operated, change the temperatures in the reheater unit.
  • a control valve In front of the medium-pressure turbine part, a control valve is arranged, which is throttled during operation of the partial load such that an increase in the temperature takes place at the entrance to the reheater unit.
  • a controller controls the medium-pressure valve in such a way that the steam flow is throttled in such a way that the expansion in the high-pressure turbine part is reduced. As a result of this reduction, the temperature at the outlet of the high pressure turbine section increases.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner une centrale électrique comprenant une turbine à vapeur, qui est subdivisée en une sous-turbine de haute pression, en une sous-turbine de moyenne pression et en une sous-turbine de basse pression, et une unité de surchauffeur intermédiaire est montée entre la sous-turbine de haute pression et la sous-turbine de moyenne pression comprenant les stades :
    - on fait fonctionner la centrale électrique en charge partielle,
    - on fait subir un étranglement à un robinet, qui est monté en amont de la sous-turbine de moyenne pression, pour élever la température à l'entrée de l'unité de surchauffeur intermédiaire,
    le robinet étant monté entre la sous-turbine de haute pression et la sous-turbine de moyenne pression,
    dans lequel on fait subir un étranglement au robinet de manière à diviser sensiblement par deux le montant de l'abaissement de la température après l'unité de surchauffeur intermédiaire non étranglé,
    caractérisé en ce que
    on fait subir un étranglement au robinet de manière à ce que, pour une modification de charge, la variation de température avant et après l'unité de surchauffeur intermédiaire, à la suite de l'étranglement, soit sensiblement la même.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1,
    dans lequel on fait subir au robinet un étranglement de manière à réduire la détente dans la sous-turbine de haute pression.
  3. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel on effectue le fonctionnement à charge partielle sensiblement entre 20 % et 40 %, notamment à 25 % de la charge nominale.
EP13714254.3A 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Centrale électrique et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale électrique Not-in-force EP2805031B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13714254.3A EP2805031B1 (fr) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Centrale électrique et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale électrique
PL13714254T PL2805031T3 (pl) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Siłownia i sposób eksploatacji siłowni

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20120163194 EP2647802A1 (fr) 2012-04-04 2012-04-04 Centrale électrique et procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une centrale électrique
EP13714254.3A EP2805031B1 (fr) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Centrale électrique et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale électrique
PCT/EP2013/056496 WO2013149900A1 (fr) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Centrale électrique et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2805031A1 EP2805031A1 (fr) 2014-11-26
EP2805031B1 true EP2805031B1 (fr) 2015-12-23

Family

ID=48048014

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20120163194 Withdrawn EP2647802A1 (fr) 2012-04-04 2012-04-04 Centrale électrique et procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une centrale électrique
EP13714254.3A Not-in-force EP2805031B1 (fr) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Centrale électrique et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale électrique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20120163194 Withdrawn EP2647802A1 (fr) 2012-04-04 2012-04-04 Centrale électrique et procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une centrale électrique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9574462B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2647802A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5985737B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN104204425B (fr)
IN (1) IN2014DN07231A (fr)
PL (1) PL2805031T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013149900A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3026230A1 (fr) * 2014-11-26 2016-06-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'une unité de turbine, centrale à vapeur ou centrale à cycle combiné ainsi qu'utilisation d'un dispositif d'étranglement
DE102015200250A1 (de) * 2015-01-12 2016-07-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Osmosekraftwerks und Osmosekraftwerk

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894394A (en) * 1974-04-22 1975-07-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp HTGR power plant hot reheat steam pressure control system
JPS5225240A (en) 1975-08-19 1977-02-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Secondary nickel zinc alkaline battery
CH617494A5 (fr) * 1975-08-22 1980-05-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
JPS53120606U (fr) * 1977-03-04 1978-09-26
US4166221A (en) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Overspeed protection controller employing interceptor valve speed control
US4253308A (en) * 1979-06-08 1981-03-03 General Electric Company Turbine control system for sliding or constant pressure boilers
JPS6226303A (ja) * 1985-07-25 1987-02-04 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 再熱式タ−ビンの排気温度制御方法
JPS62206203A (ja) 1986-03-07 1987-09-10 Hitachi Ltd 蒸気タ−ビン運転制御方法
JPS63248903A (ja) * 1987-04-03 1988-10-17 Hitachi Ltd 蒸気タ−ビンの保護方法
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US5361585A (en) * 1993-06-25 1994-11-08 General Electric Company Steam turbine split forward flow
JP3794796B2 (ja) * 1997-08-29 2006-07-12 三菱重工業株式会社 コンバインド発電プラント
EP1191192A1 (fr) * 2000-09-26 2002-03-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour préchauffer et enlever l'eau de conduits de vapeur pour étages de turbines
EP1775431A1 (fr) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour chauffer und turbine à vapeur
EP1998014A3 (fr) 2007-02-26 2008-12-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une turbine à vapeur multiple
US20090136337A1 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 General Electric Company Method and Apparatus for Improved Reduced Load Operation of Steam Turbines
US8276382B2 (en) * 2009-03-17 2012-10-02 General Electric Company Systems and methods for pre-warming a heat recovery steam generator and associated steam lines
DE102010041627A1 (de) * 2010-09-29 2012-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dampfturbine mit Zwischenüberhitzung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9574462B2 (en) 2017-02-21
JP5985737B2 (ja) 2016-09-06
IN2014DN07231A (fr) 2015-04-24
CN104204425A (zh) 2014-12-10
US20150113989A1 (en) 2015-04-30
JP2015515573A (ja) 2015-05-28
PL2805031T3 (pl) 2016-06-30
WO2013149900A1 (fr) 2013-10-10
EP2647802A1 (fr) 2013-10-09
EP2805031A1 (fr) 2014-11-26
CN104204425B (zh) 2015-09-16

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