CN104204425A - 发电厂和用于运行发电厂的方法 - Google Patents

发电厂和用于运行发电厂的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN104204425A
CN104204425A CN201380018922.9A CN201380018922A CN104204425A CN 104204425 A CN104204425 A CN 104204425A CN 201380018922 A CN201380018922 A CN 201380018922A CN 104204425 A CN104204425 A CN 104204425A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
power station
turbo machine
throttling
temperature
resuperheater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201380018922.9A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN104204425B (zh
Inventor
京特·鲍尔
诺贝特·皮珀
汉斯-乌尔里希·蒂尔巴赫
迈克尔·奎奇松
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of CN104204425A publication Critical patent/CN104204425A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104204425B publication Critical patent/CN104204425B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/26—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam
    • F01K3/262—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam by means of heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
    • F01K7/025—Consecutive expansion in a turbine or a positive displacement engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F01K7/24—Control or safety means specially adapted therefor

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

一种发电厂和一种用于运行发电厂的方法，其中在部分负载运行下，高压子涡轮机的输出端上的温度通过借助于中压阀节流来改变。

Description

发电厂和用于运行发电厂的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行发电厂设施的方法，所述发电厂设施包括蒸汽轮机，所述蒸汽轮机被分成高压子涡轮机、中压子涡轮机和低压子涡轮机，并且在高压子涡轮机和中压子涡轮机之间设置有中间再热单元。
此外，本发明涉及一种发电厂，所述发电厂按照根据本发明的方法来运行。
背景技术
使用大体积的蒸汽轮机的发电厂设施此外在地区供电中使用。在这种发电厂中使用的蒸汽轮机具有相对高的质量并且通常是为预设的额定功率而设计的。该发电厂，也能够称作为传统发电厂，大致能够分成纯的蒸汽发电厂以及燃气和蒸汽发电厂。这两者都需要化石燃料，以便产生电能。这种发电厂迄今为止设计成，使得该发电厂是为基本负载而设计的。由于基本上不可调控的可再生能源、例如风能的份额增大，上述传统发电厂必须日益频繁地在部分负载下运行。这表示，发电厂并非持续地提供额定功率，而是提供额定功率的百分比作为部分负载。部分负载在某些情况下例如为全负载的25％。
这表示，该发电厂必须灵活地运行，其中从相对低的部分负载到全负载的转换应当尽可能快地并且在不限制负载变化的数量的情况下进行。在此，问题是：在极端的部分负载的情况下，例如在25％的情况下，中间再热单元的出口处的蒸汽的温度由于变冷的烟气中的热量供应变小而非常强烈地降低。该温度降低能够为直至60开尔文。该温度波动当然也传递到构件上。这表示，大体积的并且大质量的构件在不利的情况下必须持续地加热和冷却。尤其是厚壁的构件、例如中压子涡轮机轴在考虑到所期望的负载变化的条件下仅允许相对缓慢地被加热。这当然与发电厂要在尽可能短的时间中从极端的部分负载运转至全负载的要求相矛盾。
因此，迄今中间再热器加热面积是尺寸过大的并且热的中间再热器温度在上部负载范围中、例如在70％和100％之间被调控以忍受由此造成的热力学的效率损失。热的中间再热器温度被称作为“”，所述中间再热器温度存在于中间再热器单元下游。另一个解决方法为：在下部的负载范围中，相应地限制负载梯度或者减少允许的负载变化，其中也考虑到增大的磨损，使得厚壁的构件必须提前更换。
发明内容
这是本发明的出发点。本发明的目的是：运行发电厂，使得虽然存在频繁的负载变化，但是仍提高构件的使用寿命。该目的通过用于运行发电厂设施的方法来实现，所述发电厂设施包括蒸汽轮机，所述蒸汽轮机分成高压子涡轮机、中压子涡轮机和低压子涡轮机，并且在高压子涡轮机和中压子涡轮机之间设置有中间再热器单元，所述方法具有下述步骤：
-在部分负载下运行发电厂设施。
-通过对阀进行节流来提高中间再热器单元的入口处的温度，所述阀设置在中压子涡轮机上游。
此外，所述目的通过按照根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法来运行的发电厂实现，并且此外通过设计成蒸汽发电厂或设计成燃气和蒸汽发电厂并且按照根据本发明的方法来运行的发电厂实现。
有利的改进方案在从属权利要求中给出。
本发明基于下述思想：始终会发生频繁的负载变化，但是所述负载变化不引起构件的使用寿命缩短。本发明基于下述思想，通常在温度梯度相同的情况下，允许的负载变化的数量不与温度跳变成比例。例如，30开尔文的温度跳变引起大约1000000个允许的负载变化，而60开尔文的温度跳变不引起允许的负载变化减半，而是引起少得多的负载变化的数量，更确切地说，引起大约10000个允许的负载变化。因此，在温度跳变加倍时，允许的负载变化的数量以一个或多个数量级改变。上述数值仅用于说明。允许的负载变化的与温度跳变相关的数量在很大程度上取决于构件的几何形状、材料特性以及温度水平和许多其他参数。
本发明实质性的特征是：通过提高进入中间再热器单元的入口温度，能够降低中间再热器单元的温度。在中间再热器单元上游的入口温度也能够称作为冷的中间再热。这种温度提高通过下述方式来实现：对在第二膨胀部段上游的、即在中压子涡轮机上游的控制阀进行节流。通过节流减小膨胀从而减小第一膨胀部段中的、在该情况下即高压子涡轮机中的温度降低。结果为，在高压子涡轮机的出口处引起增大的、与负载相关的温度波动。
因此，热的中间再热器温度在部分负载的情况下出现的下降通过提高高压子涡轮机出口处的冷的中间再热器温度来减小。这种温度提高通过在部分负载的情况下借助于对阀进行节流有针对性地提高中间再热器系统中的压力来实现。如果进行节流，那么在部分负载的情况下，在某个部位上，例如会在某个构件上出现60开尔文的温度变化。通过根据本发明的节流来抵抗这种60开尔文的温度下降并且例如实现仅30开尔文的温度下降，其中这种30开尔文的温度下降划分到两个构件上。由此，允许的负载变化以大于一个数量级增大。
因此，热的中间再热器系统和中压蒸汽轮机中的构件上的大的温度变化划分到冷的中间再热器和热的中间再热器中的构件上的小的温度变化引起系统中的全部构件上的整体更小的温度变化。
节流选择成，使得在中间再热器单元下游的温度下降的量基本上是在未节流的状态中的一半。
因此，节流被控制成，使得在负载变化时，在全部构件上因此更小的温度变化大致同样大。本发明实质性的优点在于，此时大的负载变化在蒸汽轮机的使用寿命中能够以明显更快的梯度进行并且明显更频繁地进行。这整体上带来使用寿命的提高。
具体实施方式
在下文中，现在详细描述本发明的实施例(没有附图)。
常见的传统发电厂包括蒸汽轮机，所述蒸汽轮机可分成高压子涡轮机、中压子涡轮机和低压子涡轮机以及中间再热器单元，其中中间再热器单元设置在高压子涡轮机和中压子涡轮机之间。蒸汽发生器在高压子涡轮机的上游产生热的新鲜蒸汽，所述新鲜蒸汽流过高压子涡轮机并且随后在中间再热器单元中再次加热并且随后流到中压子涡轮机中以及随后流过低压子涡轮机。在低压子涡轮机下游，蒸汽冷凝成水并且经由泵再次输送给蒸汽发生器并且在那里再次转化成蒸汽。这种发电厂设施针对额定功率来设计，所述发电厂设施应当尽可能永久地在该额定功率级上运行。在部分负载运行中、即发电厂设施不在100％额定功率中运行，而是以例如25％额定功率运行时，中间再热器单元中的温度发生改变。温度降低。在中压子涡轮机上游设置控制阀，所述控制阀在部分负载运行下进行节流，使得提高中间再热器单元的入口处的温度。这表示，控制器控制中压阀，使得对蒸汽流进行节流，更确切地说，使得减小在高压子涡轮机中的膨胀。作为这种减小的结果，高压子涡轮机的出口处的温度提高。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于运行发电厂设施的方法，所述发电厂设施包括蒸汽轮机，所述蒸汽轮机分成高压子涡轮机、中压子涡轮机和低压子涡轮机，并且在所述高压子涡轮机和所述中压子涡轮机之间设置有中间再热器单元，所述方法具有下述步骤：
-在部分负载下运行所述发电厂设施；
-通过对设置在所述中压子涡轮机上游的阀进行节流来提高通向所述中间再热器单元的入口处的温度，
其特征在于，
所述节流选择成，使得在所述中间再热器单元下游的温度下降的量基本上是未节流的状态下的一半。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中所述节流进行成，使得减小所述高压子涡轮机中的膨胀。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，
其中所述节流进行成，使得在负载变化的情况下，作为所述节流的结果的、在所述中间再热器单元上游和下游的温度变化基本上同样大。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，
其中在部分负载下的运行基本上在额定负载的20％和40％之间、尤其以25％进行。
5.一种发电厂，所述发电厂按照根据权利要求1至4所述的方法来运行。
6.根据权利要求5所述的发电厂，
其中所述发电厂构成为蒸汽发电厂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的发电厂，
其中所述发电厂构成为燃气和蒸汽发电厂。
CN201380018922.9A 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 发电厂和用于运行发电厂的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN104204425B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12163194.9 2012-04-04
EP20120163194 EP2647802A1 (de) 2012-04-04 2012-04-04 Kraftwerk und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kraftwerksanlage
PCT/EP2013/056496 WO2013149900A1 (de) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Kraftwerk und verfahren zum betreiben einer kraftwerksanlage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104204425A true CN104204425A (zh) 2014-12-10
CN104204425B CN104204425B (zh) 2015-09-16

Family

ID=48048014

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201380018922.9A Expired - Fee Related CN104204425B (zh) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 发电厂和用于运行发电厂的方法

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9574462B2 (zh)
EP (2) EP2647802A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5985737B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN104204425B (zh)
IN (1) IN2014DN07231A (zh)
PL (1) PL2805031T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2013149900A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107106984A (zh) * 2015-01-12 2017-08-29 西门子公司 用于运行渗透能发电厂的方法和渗透能发电厂

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3026230A1 (de) * 2014-11-26 2016-06-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Turbineneinheit, Dampfkraftwerk oder kombiniertes Gas- und Dampfkraftwerk sowie Verwendung einer Drosseleinrichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894394A (en) * 1974-04-22 1975-07-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp HTGR power plant hot reheat steam pressure control system
US4166221A (en) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Overspeed protection controller employing interceptor valve speed control
CN87101723A (zh) * 1986-03-07 1987-09-30 株式会社日立制作所 起动热电厂的方法
CN101287892A (zh) * 2005-10-12 2008-10-15 西门子公司 用于加热蒸汽轮机的方法
US20090136337A1 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 General Electric Company Method and Apparatus for Improved Reduced Load Operation of Steam Turbines
CN101622424A (zh) * 2007-02-26 2010-01-06 西门子公司 用于运行多级的蒸汽涡轮机的方法

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5225240A (en) 1975-08-19 1977-02-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Secondary nickel zinc alkaline battery
CH617494A5 (zh) * 1975-08-22 1980-05-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
JPS53120606U (zh) 1977-03-04 1978-09-26
US4253308A (en) * 1979-06-08 1981-03-03 General Electric Company Turbine control system for sliding or constant pressure boilers
JPS6226303A (ja) 1985-07-25 1987-02-04 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 再熱式タ−ビンの排気温度制御方法
JPS63248903A (ja) 1987-04-03 1988-10-17 Hitachi Ltd 蒸気タ−ビンの保護方法
SE502492C2 (sv) * 1991-12-23 1995-10-30 Abb Carbon Ab Pannanläggning med gemensamt ångsystem
US5361585A (en) * 1993-06-25 1994-11-08 General Electric Company Steam turbine split forward flow
JP3794796B2 (ja) * 1997-08-29 2006-07-12 三菱重工業株式会社 コンバインド発電プラント
EP1191192A1 (de) * 2000-09-26 2002-03-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Warmziehen und Entwässern von an Dampfturbinenstufen angeschlossenen Dampfzuleitungen
US8276382B2 (en) * 2009-03-17 2012-10-02 General Electric Company Systems and methods for pre-warming a heat recovery steam generator and associated steam lines
DE102010041627A1 (de) * 2010-09-29 2012-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dampfturbine mit Zwischenüberhitzung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894394A (en) * 1974-04-22 1975-07-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp HTGR power plant hot reheat steam pressure control system
US4166221A (en) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Overspeed protection controller employing interceptor valve speed control
CN87101723A (zh) * 1986-03-07 1987-09-30 株式会社日立制作所 起动热电厂的方法
CN101287892A (zh) * 2005-10-12 2008-10-15 西门子公司 用于加热蒸汽轮机的方法
CN101622424A (zh) * 2007-02-26 2010-01-06 西门子公司 用于运行多级的蒸汽涡轮机的方法
US20090136337A1 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 General Electric Company Method and Apparatus for Improved Reduced Load Operation of Steam Turbines

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107106984A (zh) * 2015-01-12 2017-08-29 西门子公司 用于运行渗透能发电厂的方法和渗透能发电厂

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2805031B1 (de) 2015-12-23
EP2805031A1 (de) 2014-11-26
JP2015515573A (ja) 2015-05-28
PL2805031T3 (pl) 2016-06-30
EP2647802A1 (de) 2013-10-09
CN104204425B (zh) 2015-09-16
US20150113989A1 (en) 2015-04-30
WO2013149900A1 (de) 2013-10-10
JP5985737B2 (ja) 2016-09-06
IN2014DN07231A (zh) 2015-04-24
US9574462B2 (en) 2017-02-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5734792B2 (ja) 蒸気タービンプラントおよびその運転方法
RU2665773C2 (ru) Способ работы газотурбинной установки со ступенчатым и/или последовательным сгоранием
US8726629B2 (en) Compressed air energy system integrated with gas turbine
US20110210555A1 (en) Gas turbine driven electric power system with constant output through a full range of ambient conditions
EP2823168A1 (en) Gas turbine engine configured to shape power output
CN102787870A (zh) 一种提高供热机组一次调频能力的方法
RU2565478C1 (ru) Способ обеспечения частотной характеристики парогазовой электростанции
CN103362770A (zh) 工频发电机调速的背压式小汽轮机驱动给水泵系统及方法
JP2014066188A (ja) 蒸気タービン発電設備及びその運転方法
JP2016510851A (ja) 多軸エンジンにおいて再熱燃焼器を用いることによるタービンの容量制御
Wechsung et al. Steam turbines for flexible load operation in the future market of power generation
CN104204425B (zh) 发电厂和用于运行发电厂的方法
US9404395B2 (en) Selective pressure kettle boiler for rotor air cooling applications
CA2903323C (en) Cogen heat load matching through reheat and capacity match
CN115468157A (zh) 用于控制热回收蒸汽产生器中热交换的方法和设备
US20160040558A1 (en) Thermal power plant with a steam turbine
Yin et al. Study on valve management of DEH for steam turbine
JP6877216B2 (ja) 発電システム
CN109901386B (zh) 一种热电机组联合控制方法以及系统
JP2019173696A (ja) コンバインドサイクル発電プラント、およびその運転方法
CN112902135B (zh) 一种基于给水旁路调频的给水旁路容量选取方法
JP2017180350A (ja) 複合発電設備
Yang et al. Heating System Modification Schemes for Heat-Power Decoupling of Cogeneration Unit and Economic Analysis
Yang et al. Flexibility Upgrading of LP Turbine Outage Scheme for Cogeneration Units and its Economic Cost Analysis
Sadovoi et al. Integrated automatic control system for blast-furnace production

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20150916

Termination date: 20190327

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee