Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
  • A23F5/00—Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
  • A23F5/04—Methods of roasting coffee
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
  • A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
  • A23N12/08—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
  • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
  • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
  • A47J36/32—Time-controlled igniting mechanisms or alarm devices

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a roasting method and roasting apparatus using such a method.
• the invention concerns a method and related apparatus studied and realized, in particular, to allow an optimal roasting of coffee, regardless of the number of roastings already carried out.
• the apparatus continues the roasting until it reaches the preset temperature, using, just for the reasons stated above, for each roasting, a time interval that varies continuously.
• Said apparatuses according to the prior art to get as close as possible to the time interval ideal, that is 15 minutes provided for the coffee, or other time intervals for other products to be toasted, need to stabilize the starting temperature for each roasting, i.e. they must stop for a few minutes, cool and have a warm-up.
• the pre-heating temperature reaches always the same value, then it is possible to start again a roasting process. In this way, however, al lot of time as well as energy is lost, as a preliminarily cooling phase and a later heating phase are needed.
• This roasting time reduction deteriorates the quality of coffee or other products, because, in order to obtain a good roasting, each product has, as mentioned, its ideal cooking times.
• a locus of points function of time.
• locus of points is a curve which typically has a parabolic shape, with a high slope at the beginning, which flattens in the final portion.
• a problem is, therefore, to drive the heat generating means (e.g. the resistance) so that the temperature of the product follows said curve as accurately as possible.
• the heat generating means e.g. the resistance
• object of the present invention to propose an apparatus capable to perform the roasting of coffee without interruption and without the need to stabilize the temperature at the start, reducing the time between one roasting and the subsequent one .
• a further object of the present invention is also that the apparatus may be capable of driving the heat generating means of the roasting oven, so that the product is roasted according to the profile of ideal roasting.
• a roasting method comprising the following steps: (A) providing a roasting oven of a product, such as coffee, barley or the like, provided with a temperature sensor; (B) providing heat generating means; (C) setting the total duration of the roasting process; (D) setting roasting or cooking final temperature of said product; (E) providing a temperature ideal curve (I) of said product normalized with respect to said roasting or cooking final temperature; (F) carrying out a plurality of detections of said product temperature during said total roasting time interval by means of said temperature sensor; and (G) for each detection, comparing the detected temperature of said product and the ideal temperature according to said temperature ideal curve, such that: if the detected temperature of said product is greater than the temperature obtained by said ideal curve, and the temperature difference is greater than a first threshold, then the heat introduced into said product roasting oven, by means of said heat generating means is reduced; and if the detected temperature of said product is lower than the temperature obtained by said ideal curve, and the temperature difference is greater than
• said first and/or said second threshold could be adjustable.
• the supplied power could vary according any function when said temperature difference AT is between said first and said second threshold.
• said first threshold could be equal to 0 °C
• said second threshold could be equal to 10 °C and the power supplied by said heat generating means varies as follows: if AT is greater than said first threshold, then the power supplied by the resistance is set equal to zero; if AT is lower than 0 °C and the modulus of the temperature difference ⁇ AT ⁇ is greater than said second threshold, then the power supplied by the resistance is set equal to 100%; if AT is lower than 0 °C and the modulus of the temperature difference ⁇ AT ⁇ is lower than said second threshold, then the power supplied by the resistance, varies linearly in inverse proportion AT .
• the number of said time intervals N is equal to 5 and said total duration of the roasting process tc yc ie is about
• said step (E) provides the selection of a temperature ideal curve (I) according to a plurality of preset curves.
• a roasting apparatus comprising an oven for roasting a product, such as coffee, barley and the like, a temperature sensor, located within said roasting oven, adapted to detect the roasting or cooking temperature of said product, heat generating means, and a control logic unit, preferably programmable, operatively connected with said temperature sensor and with said heat generating means, said apparatus being characterized in that said control logic unit is adapted to run the roasting method above described.
• said apparatus could comprise interface means, such as a display and a keyboard, or a touch-on-screen display, operatively connected with said control logic unit.
• said apparatus could comprise means for mixing said product arranged within said roasting oven.
• said heat generating means could be electric or gas.
• An roasting apparatus particularly for roasting coffee, comprises, in general, a product roasting oven, which in this case is coffee, a temperature sensor or thermometer, placed inside the roasting oven in the product itself, so as to detect the temperature of the product during the cooking steps, means for mixing coffee beans, arranged inside said roasting oven, and cooking heat generating means, which are typically electrical or gas.
• Said apparatus also includes a programmable control logic unit, provided with interface means, such as a display and a keyboard, or a touch-on-screen display.
• interface means such as a display and a keyboard, or a touch-on-screen display.
• Said control logic unit is operatively connected with said temperature sensor, with said cooking heat generating means and with said interface means.
• the total roasting time interval can be set, i.e. the time of the cooking cycle, that, in the case of coffee, based on empirical data and experiences, is generally 15 minutes, the maximum target roasting temperature and/or the final temperature, at the end of the cooking cycle, the product to be roasted and the detection time intervals of the temperature, typically about 1 second.
• the apparatus by a suitable method executed by said logic control unit, instantaneously calculates the remaining time necessary to reach the desired temperature instant-by-instant, and modulates the amount of heat to be supplied, so that the roasting takes place in the time preset, that in the present case, as mentioned, is 15 minutes, but which can be specifically set for other products, such as, in addition to coffee, barley and the like.
• control logic unit determines, also on the basis of data or of preinstalled curves, chosen even according to the type of product to be roasted, the ideal curve of the roasting temperature within said coffee roasting oven, such as that shown in the figure, identified by the letter I, to perform the ideal cooking, driving the heat generation means.
• the apparatus carries out, for each detection, the comparison between the ideal temperature, given by curve I, and drives the resistance based on one or more adjustment coefficients or thresholds, and the actual temperature measured.
• an ideal roasting curve can be observed, which is settable with respect to the profile (shape of the curve, possibly distinct for different types of food to be roasted), in the time interval of the overall cooking and final temperature of cooking.
• An objective of the method according to the invention is to roast the coffee making as far as a possible optimal cooking, avoiding, at the same time, the risk that the product can burn.
• the form of the reset roasting normalized ideal curve is considered.
• the cycle time tc yc ie i.e. the total duration of the roasting process, can be set by the user.
• tc yc ie can be changed by the user, i.e. increased or decreased.
• the ideal curve I is approximated with a broken curve ⁇ , obtained simply by joining the points of the curve I corresponding to the abscissae of temporal segments, i.e. to...tN.
• a fourth step once the time interval n to which the detection instant t belongs has been found, the slope and intercept of the straight line passing through the points on the line ideal I are calculated, corresponding to the extremes instants of the time interval t n - i, t n , given by the pairs of points (t n- i, T n -i) and (t n , T n ), where T n is the temperature (normalized) on the ideal curve at the instant t n , i.e.:
• the difference between the temperature of the product at the time instant t is calculated, given by Tp rod uct (t), detected by the temperature sensor within the product, and the ideal temperature at time t on the broken curve ⁇ , Ti(t), after it has been multiplied by the final temperature set, i.e. obtaining an absolute value and not as a result of normalization:
• the sixth step provides that, if the temperature of said product Tproduct is greater than the temperature obtained by the broken curve ⁇ (with a preferred embodiment in which the temperature difference is greater than a first threshold), then the heat introduced in said product roasting oven, by means of said heat generating means is decreased; while, if the temperature detected of said product T Pr0 duct is less than the temperature obtained by the broken curve ⁇ (with a preferred embodiment in which the temperature difference is greater than a second threshold), then the heat introduced into said product roasting oven, by means of said heat generating means is increased.
• said first threshold is equal to 0 °C
• said second threshold is equal to 10 °C
• the function is as follows:
• the heat generating means receive the command from said control logic unit to supply more or less heat, by modulating the percentages of operation, from 0% to 100%, of supplying output power, according to the greater or lesser need to accelerate or reduce the roasting time.
• An advantage of the present invention is that the apparatus, although starting with any roasting oven temperature, high or low, can carry out an excellent roasting, as the apparatus will modulate the amount of heat to reach the desired temperature in the optimal time set, which, as mentioned above, in the case of coffee is 15 minutes.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-01-20 IT IT000021A patent/ITRM20120021A1/it unknown
• 2013
  • 2013-01-18 EP EP13710065.7A patent/EP2804486A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-01-18 WO PCT/IT2013/000016 patent/WO2013108283A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2013-01-18 AU AU2013210650A patent/AU2013210650A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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