EP2794966A2 - Selbstreinigende und superhydrophobe oberflächen auf basis von tio2-nanotubes - Google Patents
Selbstreinigende und superhydrophobe oberflächen auf basis von tio2-nanotubesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2794966A2 EP2794966A2 EP12820852.7A EP12820852A EP2794966A2 EP 2794966 A2 EP2794966 A2 EP 2794966A2 EP 12820852 A EP12820852 A EP 12820852A EP 2794966 A2 EP2794966 A2 EP 2794966A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metallic substrate
- self
- superhydrophobic coating
- fluoride
- cleaning properties
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JTNCEQNHURODLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanimidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JTNCEQNHURODLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MIMUSZHMZBJBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC(OC)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C21 MIMUSZHMZBJBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LPLMZAJYUPAYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium;difluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[F-].[F-] LPLMZAJYUPAYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- -1 siloxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XPBBUZJBQWWFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosilane Chemical compound [SiH3]F XPBBUZJBQWWFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000469 amphiphilic block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AVYKQOAMZCAHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F AVYKQOAMZCAHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHPYJLCQYMAXGG-WCCKRBBISA-N (2R)-2-amino-3-(2-boronoethylsulfanyl)propanoic acid hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N[C@@H](CSCCB(O)O)C(O)=O GHPYJLCQYMAXGG-WCCKRBBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHBWXWLDOKIVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid Chemical compound COCCOCCOCC(O)=O YHBWXWLDOKIVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCGFUIQPSOCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yloxyethanol Chemical compound CC(C)OCCO HCGFUIQPSOCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guaifenesin Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC(O)CO HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyltriethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003493 octyltriethoxysilane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(butan-2-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-] WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/26—Anodisation of refractory metals or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a superhydrophobic coating with self-cleaning properties on a metallic substrate, a metallic substrate with superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties obtainable by such a method, the use of an electrolyte solution comprising ammonium sulfate and
- Ammonium fluoride for producing a superhydrophobic coating with self-cleaning properties on a metallic substrate and the use of the metallic substrate for protection against icing in an aircraft or for protection against contamination and / or erosion in an aircraft.
- buoyancy or flow elements such as wing, engine or
- the air flow over the affected surfaces can be so unfavorably influenced that the aerodynamics of an aircraft impaired and, in particular in icing, in the worst case can lead to stall and loss of buoyancy.
- icing or contamination of these systems can also increase the weight of the aircraft.
- the contamination e.g. with insects the realization of a laminar wing are severely limited.
- CONFIRMATION COPY During the flight of an aircraft, other techniques are used to prevent ice formation.
- the leading edge of a wing with hot bleed air can be heated by engines, so as to perform a de-icing or to keep the wing ice-free.
- engine bleed air may reduce the effective power of engines by about 3% and must not be activated during the takeoff phase.
- inflatable elastic mats can be used with which formed ice is to be blasted off.
- inflatable mats need a certain amount of time, until by the internal pressure
- Geometry change can be achieved, leading to a blasting of the
- Ice crystals leads. Furthermore, the surface quality of mat systems is very limited.
- De-icing means actively removing ice and snow from the wing. On the ground this happens, for example, by spraying with 70-80 ° C warm de-icing liquids, during the flight, for example, with warm branch air or by electric heaters in the wing edges.
- de-icing measures require either a considerable effort on the ground or an enormous energy expenditure during the flight.
- special deicing vehicles is required on the ground, for which purpose appropriate logistics, such as the availability of the deicing vehicles, service schedules or maintenance of the deicing vehicles, must be available.
- the use of these de-icing vehicles is also of environmental concern, as the
- Deicing fluids are often based on ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, which are environmentally hazardous.
- the operation of the deicing vehicles due to their size and weight leads to a significant fuel consumption.
- Insect contamination have a significantly negative influence on the flow around and the friction losses. The same effects are also observed on surfaces exposed to erosion by air, rain and / or sand.
- coated structures and thus represents a health hazard.
- Another object is to provide a substrate having a superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties which has a high hydrophobicity
- a solution according to the invention consists in a process for producing a superhydrophobic coating with self-cleaning properties on a metallic substrate, comprising
- step d) anodizing the metallic substrate from step c) to produce a nanoporous layer comprising titanium dioxide-containing nanotubes on the metallic substrate, and
- nanoporous layer comprising titania-containing nanotubes
- the electrolyte solution comprises another water-soluble salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium bisulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium bisulfate, and mixtures of these.
- the invention enables the production of metallic substrates having a superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties.
- the present invention enables the production of metallic substrates with superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning
- the resulting metallic substrate having superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties has high resistance to icing and / or contamination and / or erosion.
- the surface of the metallic substrate having superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties has a contact angle to water of more than 140 °.
- an electrolyte solution comprising 50 to 250 g / l, in particular 120 to 140 g / l, ammonium sulfate and 0.5 to 10 g / l, in particular 4 to 6 g / l of ammonium fluoride in such Method provided.
- a metallic substrate having superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties for protection against icing in an aircraft.
- the metallic substrate is a titanium alloy.
- the alloy additionally comprises at least one further metal selected from the group consisting of V, Fe, Sn, Ni, Nb, Mo, Zr, Y, Hf, Ta, Ce, Tb, Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er and / or additionally at least one further element selected from the group comprising Zn, Mn, Ag, Li, Cu, Si, Al or Ca.
- the metallic substrate additionally comprises Al and V.
- the fluoride salt is selected from the group comprising ammonium fluoride,
- Ammonium bifluoride potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride, calcium fluoride,
- the fluoride salt is ammonium fluoride.
- the further water-soluble salt is ammonium sulfate.
- the anodization is carried out in an electrolyte solution comprising 50 to 250 g / l, in particular 120 to 140 g / l ammonium sulfate and 0.5 to 10 g / l, in particular 4 to 6 g / l Ammonium fluoride, at a temperature in a range of 10 to 60 ° C, in particular 20 to 30 ° C and a voltage of preferably 2 to 50 volts, in particular 10 to 20 volts for 5 to 480 minutes, in particular 20 to 40 minutes.
- the titania-containing nanotubes have a diameter in a range of 10 to 300 nm, preferably 20 to 220 nm, more preferably 30 to 180 nm, still more preferably 30 to 140 nm, and most preferably 30 to 100 nm up.
- the titanium dioxide-containing nanotubes have a diameter in a range of 30 to 60 nm.
- the superhydrophobic coating having self-cleaning properties on the metallic substrate has a layer thickness between 100 nm and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 200 nm and 1 ⁇ m, more preferably between 250 nm and 800 nm more preferably between 280 nm and 600 nm and in particular between 300 nm and 500 nm.
- the superhydrophobic coating comprises a fluoroalkyl functional silane.
- the contacting of the metallic substrate surface with the electrolyte solution and / or the application of the superhydrophobic coating on the nanoporous layer by means of dipping, spinning, flooding, brushing or spraying.
- a “superhydrophobic coating” or “superhydrophobic coating” is meant a coating that repels water
- Coating "or" superhydrophobic coating understood a coating having a contact angle to water of more than 140 °.
- “superhydrophobic coating” means a coating which has repellent properties with respect to dirt and gas components in the air or rainwater, such as SO 2, NO xl salts and hygroscopic dust or by residues of chlorides, sulfides, sulfates or acids or insects. Due to the small contact surface between the superhydrophobic material and these impurities, they can adhere worse to the surface. Does the metallic substrate such a superhydrophobic
- the superhydrophobic coating also has self-cleaning
- metal substrate is to be understood as meaning any substrate which consists entirely of metal or at least has a metallic layer on its surface.
- metal not only pure metals, but also mixtures of metals and metal alloys.
- the method of the invention can be applied to metallic substrates comprising titanium, although the scope of the present invention is not limited to this metal.
- the method according to the invention is applied to a metallic substrate which consists of titanium.
- the metallic substrate comprises a titanium alloy.
- the amount of titanium in the alloy is at least 50% by weight, based on the total mass of the alloy, for example between 50 and 98% by weight. or 60 and 98% by weight.
- the alloy comprises titanium in an amount of 85 to 95 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the alloy.
- Titanium alloy additionally at least one other metal, this
- V is selected from the group consisting of V, Fe, Sn, Ni, Nb, Mo, Zr, Y, Hf, Ta, Ce, Tb, Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er.
- Titanium alloys which may particularly benefit from the present invention are e.g. B. vanadium and aluminum-containing titanium alloys.
- the process according to the invention is suitable for the production of superhydrophobic coatings with self-cleaning properties for the protection of titanium substrates and their alloys.
- the titanium alloy additionally comprises at least Al as a further element.
- the titanium alloy comprises AI as a further element in an amount of, for example, 1 to 10 wt .-% or 3 to 9 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the alloy.
- the titanium alloy V comprises as further metal in an amount of, for example, 0.5 to 8 wt .-% or 1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the alloy.
- the titanium alloy additionally comprises at least V as a further metal and additionally at least AI as a further element.
- the titanium alloy V comprises as further metal in an amount of, for example, 0.5 to 8 wt .-% or 1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the alloy, and AI as another element in an amount of for example 1 to 10 wt .-% or 3 to 9 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the alloy.
- the metallic substrate provides a
- a requirement of the method according to the invention is that at least part of the metallic substrate surface is brought into contact with an electrolyte solution.
- Electrolyte solution is brought into contact, which is to be protected by the superhydrophobic coating with self-cleaning properties from icing and / or contamination and / or erosion.
- the entire coating with self-cleaning properties from icing and / or contamination and / or erosion.
- the electrolyte solution comprises a fluoride salt.
- the fluoride salt is selected from the group comprising
- Ammonium fluoride ammonium bifluoride, potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride,
- the fluoride salt is ammonium fluoride
- the electrolyte solution may be provided in the form of an aqueous solution.
- the total amount of fluoride salt in the electrolyte solution may be between 0.5 and 10 g / l.
- the electrolytic solution contains the fluoride salt in an amount of 4 to 6 g / l.
- Electrolyte solution another water-soluble, salt to improve the
- the further water-soluble salt is ammonium sulfate.
- the total amount of further water-soluble salt in the electrolyte solution may be between 50 and 250 g / l.
- the electrolytic solution contains the further water-soluble salt in an amount of 120 to 140 g / l.
- the electrolyte solution comprises
- the electrolyte solution is water
- the electrolyte solution comprises 50 to 250 g / l, in particular 120 to 140 g / l, preferably about 130 g / l of ammonium sulfate and 0.5 to 10 g / l,
- the electrolyte solution contains no hydrofluoric acid.
- the electrolyte solution can be applied by means of dipping, spinning, flooding, brushing or spraying.
- the surface of the metallic substrate is pretreated before the application of the electrolyte solution.
- the substrate is first cleaned and then etched or pickled. Suitable means for purification are, for example
- Ethanol / Tensidgemische or alkaline cleaning agents such as. B. P3 Almeco 18 (Henkel Technologies).
- the etching or acid pickling of the substrate can be carried out, for example, with an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid
- the surface of the substrate becomes acidic or basic conditioned by the substrate is immersed briefly in an alkaline cleaning bath.
- the method comprises anodizing the with the
- Electrolytic solution coated metallic substrate for producing a nanoporous layer on the metallic substrate comprises anodizing the entire electrolyte-coated metallic substrate to form a nanoporous layer on the metallic substrate.
- Anodizing is an electrochemical process in which an oxide layer on titanium and alloys thereof can be produced by anodic oxidation.
- the anodization takes place by means of a three-electrode arrangement.
- a three-electrode arrangement Such three-electrode arrangements are known per se, so that they need not be shown and explained in detail.
- the anodization takes place at a voltage between 2 volts and 50 volts, for example at a voltage between 10 and 20 volts.
- the anodization step is carried out at a temperature between 10 ° C and 60 ° C or between 20 ° C and 30 ° C.
- the anodization is carried out at room temperature, for example between 21 ° C and 25 ° C.
- the anodization must be done for a period of time which leads to the formation of the desired surface structure.
- the anodizing is carried out for a period of at least 5 minutes.
- anodizing is performed for a period of 5 minutes to 480 minutes or 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
- the anodization is carried out for a period of about 30 minutes.
- the anodization step according to the invention leads to the formation of a
- nanoporous layer on the metallic substrate is nanoporous
- anodizing the metal substrate treated with the electrolytic solution results in the formation of nanotubes containing titanium dioxide ( ⁇ 2 ).
- the nanoporous layer on the metallic substrate has a structure comprising a plurality of
- Titanium dioxide-containing nanotubes includes.
- the layer thickness of the nanoporous layer is preferably adjusted to a layer thickness between 100 nm and 10 ⁇ m.
- the layer thickness of the nanoporous layer is preferably set to a layer thickness between 200 nm and 1 ⁇ m, preferably between 250 nm and 800 nm and more preferably between 280 nm and 600 nm.
- the layer thickness of the nanoporous layer is adjusted to a layer thickness between 300 nm and 500 nm.
- the nanotubes containing titanium dioxide contained in the nanoporous layer are adjusted to a specific pore diameter.
- nanotube Having set nanotube to a diameter between 10 nm and 300 nm, preferably to a diameter between 20 nm and 220 nm or between 30 nm and 180 nm
- Diameter of the nanotubes between 30 nm and 140 nm.
- the nanotubes containing titanium dioxide produced during anodization are preferably evenly distributed on the metal surface.
- the anodization step may be performed once or more than once.
- a superhydrophobic coating is applied to the nanoporous layer.
- the structure of the nanoporous layer comprising titanium dioxide-containing nanotubes is not changed during the application of the superhydrophobic coating.
- sol / gel coatings SAM's [self-assembled
- amphiphilic block copolymers siloxanes, long chain
- Hydrocarbons and any other coating materials are used which form very thin superhydrophobic layers.
- superhydrophobic coatings are suitable, with which a
- Layer thickness between 0.1 nm and 200 nm can be adjusted, preferably a layer thickness between 1 nm and 100 nm or between 2 nm and 70 nm. Particularly preferred is a layer thickness between 3 nm and 50 nm or between 5 nm and 30 nm.
- amphiphilic block copolymers selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic block copolymers, such as Polyethylene oxide (PEO), hydrophobic block copolymers such as polyethylene (PE), polybutadiene (PB) and mixtures of these.
- hydrophilic block copolymers such as Polyethylene oxide (PEO)
- PEO Polyethylene oxide
- hydrophobic block copolymers such as polyethylene (PE), polybutadiene (PB) and mixtures of these.
- siloxanes e.g. oligomeric alkylalkoxysiloxanes or polymeric siloxanes, long chain hydrocarbons, e.g. Octyltriethoxysilane, or silane-siloxane mixtures.
- a sol / gel coating is applied to the nanoporous layer.
- Suitable sol / gel coatings are, for example, optionally fluorinated, alkylsilane compounds.
- Tetraalkoxysilanes alkyltrialkoxysilanes, aryltrialkoxysilanes, alkenyltrialkoxysilanes, glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes, aminoalkyltrialkoxysilanes and
- fluoroalkyl-functional silanes include fluorinated tetraalkoxysilanes,
- the sol / gel coating comprises (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) triethoxysilane.
- the sol / gel coating comprises (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) triethoxysilane.
- the commercially available Dynasylan ® F 8261 (Evonik Industries).
- the properties of the coating, for. As hardness, can be increased by the addition of silicon-free precursors. examples for this are
- organometallic compounds such as tetra-iso-propoxytitanium, tri-isopropoxyaluminum, tri-sec-butoxyaluminum, tetrabutoxyzirconium and
- sol-gel matrix small particles such.
- metal oxides metal carbides and metal nitrides are added. Suitable materials are, for example, SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 or SiO 2 .
- nanoparticles can increase the resistance of the coating.
- the particles may optionally be functionalized.
- the functionalization can be carried out, for example, by chemo-mechanical processes during the milling of the particles.
- a suitable for the functionalization of nanoparticles compound is z. B.
- the hydrolysis of the sol-gel forming components can be accomplished by the addition of water.
- the processing properties of the sol-gel material can be adjusted via solvents and additives.
- Suitable as a solvent are, for.
- the additives may, for example, wetting agents, flow control agents, foam suppressants, dispersants, UV stabilizers and silicones and condensation catalysts such.
- acids or bases to be adjusted via solvents and additives.
- the finished sol can also be provided with organic polymers.
- the sol-gel material is prepared from (tridecafluoro- 1, 1, 2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) triethoxysilane and isopropanol, wherein the hydrolysis is effected by adding water and 37% strength hydrochloric acid.
- the superhydrophobic coating can be applied by conventional application methods such as dipping, spinning, flooding, brushing or spraying.
- the sol / gel coating may be thermal, e.g. Example, at a temperature between 40 ° C and 180 ° C, are cured, preferably at a temperature between 60 ° C and 120 ° C.
- the sol / gel coating becomes one
- the coating may alternatively or additionally by irradiation, for. B. with UV light, infrared or the like.
- the sol / gel coating is adjusted to a layer thickness between 0.1 nm and 200 nm, preferably to a layer thickness between 1 nm and 100 nm or between 2 nm and 70 nm. More preferably, the layer thickness between 3 nm and 50 nm or between 5 nm and 30 nm.
- the layer thickness may be further increased if necessary.
- the metallic substrates with superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties obtained by the process according to the invention can be used in particular in aircraft such as aircraft and helicopters.
- Coating and self-cleaning properties can also be used in land vehicles, rail vehicles or ships.
- the resulting metallic substrates with superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties have in particular a contact angle to water of more than 140 °.
- the obtained metallic substrate with superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties has a contact angle to water between 140 ° and 170 ° or between 150 ° and 160 °.
- the metallic substrate to which the inventive superhydrophobic coating with self-cleaning is provided.
- the metallic substrate to which the superhydrophobic coating of the invention having self-cleaning properties is applied is selected from rotor blades of wind turbines, house facades, bridges, power lines and the like.
- Aircraft in which the metallic substrates of the invention having superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties are used are protected against erosion and / or contamination by insects and / or organic and inorganic materials such as dirt and gas components in the air or rainwater.
- contamination in particular with organic materials, can take place first.
- These adhering contaminants are under UV irradiation by the metallic substrate with superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties are decomposed and removed from the coated substrate surface.
- Aircraft provided. Further, in another aspect of the present invention, the use of a metallic substrate having superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties for protection against
- an electrolyte solution comprising 50 to 250 g / l, in particular 120 to 140 g / l, ammonium sulfate and 0.5 to 10 g / l, in particular 4 to 6 g / l ammonium fluoride in one method for producing a superhydrophobic coating with self-cleaning
- the embodiments of the method also apply to the metallic substrate obtainable by the method as well as the uses and vice versa.
- Fig. 1 shows the top view of a coated titanium substrate in one
- Fig. 2 shows the side view of a coated titanium substrate in one
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a metallic substrate having a superhydrophobic coating with self-cleaning properties.
- Titanium alloy TiAl6V4 with the commercially available alkaline cleaner P3 Almeco 18 (Henkel Technologies) degreased at a concentration of 30 g / l at 70 ° C for 15 min and cleaned. Subsequently, the substrate was etched at a concentration of 500 g / l of the commercially available stain Turco® 5578 (Henkel Technologies) at about 95 ° C for 5 min, cleaned with deionized water and dried in air.
- the anodization of the cleaned substrate was carried out in the electrolytic solution using a three-electrode arrangement with TiAl6V4 as the cathode at a voltage of 15 volts for 30 minutes at about 22 ° C.
- a substrate with a nanoporous layer which had a layer thickness of 300 nm to 350 nm, was obtained.
- the nanoporous layer was uniformly distributed over the treated substrate and had a multiplicity of nanotubes with a pore diameter of about 40 to 50 nm.
- the anodized substrate was then cleaned with deionized water and dried in a stream of nitrogen.
- the substrate with the commercially available fluorosilane Dynasylan ® F 8261 (Evonik Industries) was treated.
- fluorosilane coating was carried out by dip coating for 2 min and subsequent purification with deionized water for 30 s.
- the resulting substrates were cured at 80 ° C. for 1 h.
- the edge regions of the Ti0 2- containing nanotubes were treated with a thin layer (a few nm) of the fluorosilane coating.
- a substrate with a nanoporous layer which had a layer thickness of 300 nm to 350 nm, was obtained.
- the nanoporous layer of Ti0 2 - containing nanotubes on the titanium substrate and the structure of the obtained nanotubes are in the
- FIG. 2 Scanning electron micrograph shown in Fig. 2. As shown in Fig. 2, the TiO 2 -containing nanotubes are not closed.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the titanium substrate with a superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning properties.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102011122084 | 2011-12-22 | ||
DE102012001912A DE102012001912A1 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-02-02 | Selbstreinigende und superhydrophobe Oberflächen auf Basis von TiO2-Nanotubes |
PCT/DE2012/001183 WO2013091601A2 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-12-11 | SELBSTREINIGENDE UND SUPERHYDROPHOBE OBERFLÄCHEN AUF BASIS VON TiO2-NANOTUBES |
Publications (1)
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EP2794966A2 true EP2794966A2 (de) | 2014-10-29 |
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EP12820852.7A Withdrawn EP2794966A2 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-12-11 | Selbstreinigende und superhydrophobe oberflächen auf basis von tio2-nanotubes |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US20150299889A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2794966A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012001912A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013091601A2 (de) |
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CN104651894B (zh) * | 2013-11-20 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | 一种利用辣椒提取物在金属表面制备超疏水膜层的方法 |
DE102014003508A1 (de) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung sowie Verwendung einer polierten nanostrukturierten metallischen Oberfläche mit wasser- und eisabweisenden Eigenschaften |
CN105220202B (zh) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-03-06 | 北京科技大学 | 一种钛基三维多孔二氧化钛氧化层的制备方法 |
DE102015222528B3 (de) | 2015-11-16 | 2016-12-01 | Airbus Ds Gmbh | Luftfahrzeug mit einem thermischen Isolationsbauteil |
CN105836103A (zh) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 苏州蓝锐纳米科技有限公司 | 具有冷凝液滴自驱离功能纳米层的飞机机翼 |
CN110565145B (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-04-16 | 华南理工大学 | 一种纯钛表面超疏水性阳极氧化着色膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN111073017A (zh) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-28 | 浙江迈实科技有限公司 | 一种自清洁眼镜片的制备方法 |
EP3916135A1 (de) | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-01 | Airbus (S.A.S.) | Verfahren zur modifizierung einer metallischen oberfläche, wie etwa eines vorderkantenabschnitts einer schaufel |
EP4193401A1 (de) * | 2020-08-07 | 2023-06-14 | Wayne State University | Schwarze metallische nanostäbchen-arrays und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
CN113044878B (zh) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-16 | 南昌大学 | 一种超疏水性能的改性二氧化钛及其制备方法 |
EP4074603A1 (de) | 2021-04-15 | 2022-10-19 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Enteisungssystem, tragflügel und flugzeug mit einem solchen system sowie enteisungsverfahren |
CN113403661A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-17 | 中国计量大学 | 一种钛合金阳极氧化超疏水涂层的制备方法和应用 |
CN114950921B (zh) | 2022-05-18 | 2023-03-24 | 广东工业大学 | 一种构筑多孔微纳结构的方法及具有多孔微纳结构的材料 |
CN115444982A (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-09 | 安徽医科大学 | 一种超疏水自清洁抗凝血复合涂层材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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US5869141A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1999-02-09 | The Boeing Company | Surface pretreatment for sol coating of metals |
US5958578A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1999-09-28 | The Boeing Company | Hybrid laminate having improved metal-to-resin adhesion |
US6037060A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 2000-03-14 | The Boeing Company | Sol for bonding expoxies to aluminum or titanium alloys |
US5814137A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1998-09-29 | The Boeing Company | Sol for coating metals |
US5789085A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1998-08-04 | Blohowiak; Kay Y. | Paint adhesion |
US5849110A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1998-12-15 | The Boeing Company | Sol coating of metals |
US7695767B2 (en) | 2005-01-06 | 2010-04-13 | The Boeing Company | Self-cleaning superhydrophobic surface |
FR2886309B1 (fr) | 2005-05-31 | 2007-08-17 | Airbus France Sas | Sol pour le revetement par voie sol-gel d'une surface et procede de revetement par voie sol-gel le mettant en oeuvre |
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- 2012-02-02 DE DE102012001912A patent/DE102012001912A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2012-12-11 US US14/367,667 patent/US20150299889A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-12-11 WO PCT/DE2012/001183 patent/WO2013091601A2/de active Application Filing
- 2012-12-11 EP EP12820852.7A patent/EP2794966A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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WO2013091601A3 (de) | 2013-08-22 |
US20150299889A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
WO2013091601A2 (de) | 2013-06-27 |
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