EP2791332A1 - Pilzstämme mit genetischer modifikation betreffend einen carbonsäure-transporter - Google Patents
Pilzstämme mit genetischer modifikation betreffend einen carbonsäure-transporterInfo
- Publication number
- EP2791332A1 EP2791332A1 EP12808323.5A EP12808323A EP2791332A1 EP 2791332 A1 EP2791332 A1 EP 2791332A1 EP 12808323 A EP12808323 A EP 12808323A EP 2791332 A1 EP2791332 A1 EP 2791332A1
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- Prior art keywords
- strain
- carboxylic acid
- activity
- fungal
- gene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/37—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from fungi
- C07K14/39—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/80—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi
- C12N15/81—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
- C12N15/815—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts for yeasts other than Saccharomyces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/44—Polycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/46—Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/44—Polycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/50—Polycarboxylic acids having keto groups, e.g. 2-ketoglutaric acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fungal strains with genetic modification relating to a carboxylic acid transporter, and to processes for producing or using such fungi.
- carboxylic acids such as the Citrate cycle
- Citrate cycle a potential intermediate source material and as an alternative to petrochemical production processes in industry
- Many of these carboxylic acids have the potential to act as a so-called building block chemical.
- Important precursors for chemical synthesis, polyester production and other processes can be formed from said carboxylic acids.
- succinate is still mainly obtained petrochemically from maleic anhydride starting from butane.
- the petrochemical production of succinate using heavy metal catalysts, organic solvents, high temperatures and pressures is costly.
- Carboxylic acids such as succinate are naturally produced by many microorganisms, plants and animals as an intermediate in the central metabolism or as a metabolic end product.
- the majority of natural and optimized producers are bacterial strains that accumulate, for example, succinate, especially under anaerobic conditions. Due to the disadvantages of bacterial production methods, such.
- microbial fungi are increasingly becoming the focus of research into the development of processes for the production of organic acids such as succinate.
- US20110104771 discloses that a S. cerevisiae strain with an ICL gene from K. lactis, the malate synthase gene from S. cerevisiae, with a gene for PEPCK from M. succiniciproducens, the gene MDH2 from S. cerevisiae and with genes for fumarase ( from Rhizopus oryzae) and fumarate reductase (from Trypanosoma brucei) can produce up to 6.3 g of L "1 succinate after 7 days.
- Another object of the invention is to provide processes or organisms for the production of organic acids which have advantages over the bacterial processes.
- a fungal strain having a genetic modification that results in a reduction in the activity of at least one fungal carboxylic acid transporter.
- the carboxylic acid transporter in question is a membrane transport protein capable of transporting carboxylic acids through the cell membrane and possibly the cell wall.
- These are preferably transporters for dicarboxylic acids, preferably transporters for carboxylic acids of the citrate cycle or neighboring metabolic pathways.
- These may be symporters (co-transporters), but also uniporter or antiporter, most preferably transporters for at least one organic acid selected from the group comprising fumarate, lactate, pyruvate, malate, malonate and / or succinate.
- the term "targeting” is intended to clarify that said carboxylic acid transporter is encoded in the genome of the fungus.
- the term “homologous” may also be used. It is particularly preferred that said fungus has increased extracellular carboxylic acid production.
- carboxylic acids as used herein is identical to the term “organic acids” and refers to all those metabolic products of said fungus which may be referred to as carboxylic acids.
- the term preferably denotes the carboxylic acids of the citrate cycle and of neighboring metabolic pathways, in particular pyruvate, ⁇ -ketoglutarate, Malate, oxaloacetate, citrate, isocitrate, fumarate, malonate, lactate and / or succinate. Most of these acids are dicarboxylic acids.
- the reduction of the activity of the carboxylic acid transporter is achieved by at least one property or a step selected from the group comprising: a) inhibiting or reducing the expression of a gene coding for a carboxylic acid transporter
- Inhibition or reduction of expression may be accomplished, for example, by inhibiting or reducing transcription of the coding gene or translation of the generated mRNA.
- Expression of a dysfunctional or depressed active carboxylic acid transporter can be accomplished, for example, by deletion, insertion, substitution or point mutation in the coding gene.
- gene silencing In gene silencing, gene regulation takes place by inhibiting the transfer (transcription) of genetic information from the DNA to the mRNA (transcriptional gene silencing) or the subsequent translation (translation) of the mRNA stored information into a protein (post-transcriptional gene silencing).
- Transcriptional gene silencing is a result of epigenetic changes in DNA, such as DNA methylation or histone modifications in particular. These modifications of the histone ends create a kind of heterochromatic state around the gene which prevents it from binding to the transcription engine (RNA polymerase, transcription factors, etc.).
- the classic example is the phenomenon called position effect variegation (PEV). It alters the chromatin state and thus controls the transcriptional activity of the gene or gene region concerned.
- PEV position effect variegation
- Post-transcriptional gene silencing refers to the processes of gene silencing that occur only after the transcription of the genetic information from the DNA to the transmitting mRNA.
- forms of post-transcriptional gene silencing include, in particular, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and RNA interference (RNAi). While nonsense-mediated mRNA decay serves primarily to prevent nonsense point mutations, RNA interference is a predominantly regulatory process involving specific RNA molecules, such as miRNA and siRNA.
- Post-transcriptional gene silencing can result in increased degradation of the mRNA of a particular gene. The degradation of the mRNA prevents translation and thus the formation of the specific gene product (usually a protein).
- Gene knockout is understood to mean the complete shutdown of a gene in the genome of an organism. Switching off the gene is achieved by gene targeting.
- a deletion also gene deletion, in genetics is a variant of the gene mutation or in which a nucleotide sequence or a part up to the entire chromosome is missing. A deletion is therefore always a loss of genetic material. Any number of nucleobases may be deleted, from a single base (point mutation) to the chromosome. A distinction is made between the interstitial and the terminal deletion. The former describes a loss within the chromosome, the latter a loss of an end portion, ie a part of the telomeric region.
- deletion after translation, the mRNA produced from the DNA can be transformed create a faulty protein. Because deletion of base pairs can cause a frame shift mutation if a number of base pairs that are not divisible by three are removed. In site-specific or targeted mutagenesis, a targeted modification of the DNA is made possible by means of a recombinant DNA. It can be used to selectively exchange individual nucleobases of a gene or whole genes are removed. Alternatively, by means of a deletion cassette that has been integrated into a vector, a deletion can be generated in the gene to be mutated.
- the inhibition or reduction of expression of a gene may be by cloning a heterologous promoter which is inhibitable by an exogenous factor, for example a tetracycline-regulated tetO promoter.
- the inhibition or reduction of the expression of a gene can be carried out by cloning a heterologous promoter which is weaker than the relevant homologous promoter, for example pPOT1.
- the inhibition or reduction of the activity of the expressed carboxylic acid transporter may be accomplished, for example, by the administration of inhibitors or the synchronous expression of suitable heterologous inhibitors.
- the said fungus strain is preferably a strain of microbial fungi.
- microbial fungus as used herein is intended to include in particular those fungi which can be cultured by biotechnological methods and are particularly suitable for fermentative production processes, for example in suspension cultures.
- the fungus is a member of the group of ascomycetes (Ascomycota). Particularly preferably, it is a member of the group of Hemiascomycetes or Euascomycetes. In a further preferred embodiment, said fungal strain is um a yeast or a mold.
- Saccharomyces Saccharomyces
- Schizosaccharomyces Wickerhamia
- the at least one carboxylic acid transporter originates from the group of the JEN transporters and / or the MAE transporters.
- JEN orthologues of the K. lactis genes KlJEN1 and KUEN2 have been found in 17 different species of fungi (13 hemiascomycetes, 7 euassomycetes).
- the number of JEN orthologues varies from one (eg, BS cerevisiae) to six orthologous genes in Y. lipolytica.
- the following table provides an overview of the group of JEN transporters, as well as, in the last few lines, the known MAE transporters:
- Type Type Work name EMBL Swiss-Prot Length Number of
- the at least one carboxylic acid transporter originates from the group of JEN transporters and / or MAE transporters listed in the following table.
- the gene in question was deleted by means of a deletion cassette integrated in a vector (SEQ ID Nos 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11).
- the vector used is in each case pUCBM21, which was originally developed by Boehringer (SEQ ID Nos 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12). However, all other suitable vectors known in the art are also usable.
- the at least one carboxylic acid transporter is encoded by the gene YALI-D-J204 (EMBL-ID: CAG81250; Swiss-Prot ID: Q6C8F4).
- said gene is always also referred to as "JEN4.” It is likewise particularly preferred for said fungus to belong to the genus Yarrowia, particularly preferably to the species Yarrowia lipolytica.
- Y. lipolytica has a total of 6 JEW orthologs. This high number of genes for putative carboxylate transporters reflects the great potential of yeast Y. lipolytica for the production of organic acids, such as. Succinate, malate or fumarate.
- Y. lipolytica is extensively genetically and physiologically characterized, can utilize a broad spectrum of substrates and is tolerant to low pH.
- said fungus contains at least one further genetic modification selected from the group comprising:
- SDH succinate dehydrogenase
- PYC Pyruvatcarboxylase
- ICL isocitrate lyase
- Other candidate genetic modification that can be used in combination with the above modifications are a reduction in the activity or expression of the genes SDH1, SDH3 and / or SDH4, the introduction of a heterologous gene selected from the group coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), fumarate reductase and / or fumarase (FUM1), and / or the reduction of the activity or expression of the gene coding for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDHI) and at least one the genes coding for the mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier (DIC1) and / or SDH2, and optionally at least one of the genes FUMI, osmotic growth protein (OSMl), malate dehydrogenase (MDH3) and / or citrate synthase (CIT2).
- PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- FUM1 fumarate reductase and / or fumarase
- IDHI isocit
- the reduction of expression can be effected, for example, by a heterologous promoter which is inhibitable by an exogenous factor, preferably a tetracycline-regulated tetO promoter.
- a heterologous promoter which is inhibitable by an exogenous factor, preferably a tetracycline-regulated tetO promoter.
- genes mentioned are identified in the following table, taking as an example the UniProt entries for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is understood that the expert can easily find the corresponding genes in other fungal strains, in particular in Yarrowia, based on this information.
- a process for the production of carboxylic acids wherein in the process a fungus strain according to one of the preceding claims is used.
- hexoses such as, for example, glucose or sucrose, or alcohols, for example glycerol
- Glucose and sucrose are particularly suitable because they are inexpensive substrates.
- Glycerol is obtained in large quantities as a waste product, for example in the production of biodiesel and is therefore also a low-cost substrate.
- For glycerol also speaks that its absorption by the fungi is not affected by an impairment of a carboxylic acid transporter.
- the fungal strains are cultured in a medium, and further wherein the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) is adjusted to a range between> 5 and ⁇ 50 mmol 02 / l * h.
- the oxygen uptake rate is adjusted to a range between> 10 and ⁇ 40 mmol 02 / l * h.
- the oxygen uptake rate is adjusted to a range between> 20 and ⁇ 30 mmol 02 / l * h.
- the oxygen uptake rate is controlled to a range between 25 + 3 mmol O 2 / l * h.
- the oxygen input OTR in a fermenter can be influenced by the air aeration rate (1 min -1 ), the stirrer speed (U min -1 ), the pressurization of the fermenter and the gas composition (proportion O 2 in the gas mixture).
- the oxygen uptake rate OUR can be determined from well-known equations based on the known gas composition as well as the amount of gas and the measurement of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas.
- FIG. 1 Schematic representation of the expression cassette for exchanging the SDH2
- the SDH2 ORF was fused directly to the respective promoter.
- the pICL1-containing expression cassette was 4.9 kb in size
- the pPOT1 cassette was 3.8 kb
- the GPR1 B cassette was 4.2 kb in size.
- Figure 2 Plasmids pSpIvS-Ura, pSpPS-Ura and pSpGS-U r a m i t d e n
- the selection marker is the marker gene URA3 flanked by the / ox sites.
- Fig. 3 Vector construction of the plasmid p64PIC starting from p64PYCl and p64ICL l. In addition to the desired genes with their own promoter and terminator region, p64PIC contained the URA3-AWe ⁇ ura3d4 as multicopy marker gene and rDNA as integration sequence.
- Fig. 4 PYC and ICL activities of the wild-type strain Y. lipolytica ⁇ 222 and the
- H222 and the transformants H222-AZ7 Tl 1 and T23 in YNB medium were cultured in 150 ml of culture medium in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks at 28 ° C. and 220 rpm with 5% glycerol.
- the succinate contents in the culture supernatant were determined by ion chromatography.
- Transformants H222-AZ 10 T l, T5 and T9 in MG medium were cultured in 100 ml of MG medium (growth medium) in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks at 28 ° C. and 220 rpm. The sampling for the activity measurement took place after 4 h.
- H222 and the transformants H222-AZ7 TU, H222-AZ8 T3 and H222-AZ10 Tl, T5 and T9 in YNB medium were cultured in 150 ml of culture medium in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks at 28 ° C. and 220 rpm with 5% glycerol. The succinate contents in the culture supernatant were determined by ion chromatography.
- Fig. 11 Percent of the organic acids succinate (SA), malate (MA), ⁇ -ketoglutarate (AKG) and fumarate (FA) in the total acid product when cultivating the strains Y. lipolytica H222, H222-AZ8 T3, H222-AZ7 TU and H222-AZ10 Tl, T5 and T9 in YNB medium. Cultivation in YNB medium with 5% glycerol as C source.
- SA organic acids succinate
- MA malate
- AKG ⁇ -ketoglutarate
- FA fumarate
- Fig. 12 Maximum acid production of the MAE1 deleted transformants. Shown was the mean, maximum acid amount of the H222-SW2AMAE1 transformants TF3, TF7 and TF8, as well as the reference strain H222 from 3-fold cultivation in production medium according to Tabuchi et al. (1981).
- AKG ⁇ -ketoglutarate
- FU fumarate
- MA malate
- SUC succinate
- Fig. 13 Vector construction of plasmid p64PYCl starting from p64T.
- Fig. 14 Southern blot analysis confirming the multiple integration of p64PYCl in Y. lipolytica H222-S4.
- the genomic DNA was completely digested with the EcoRV restriction enzyme.
- PYCl a specific probe was used for the PYC1-OKF (2, 1 kb), which was obtained by means of PCR and the primers PYC ORF for and PYC ORF rev.
- the black arrow indicates the 8.9 kb genomic (g) PYCl fragment and the red arrow indicates the 6.2 kb vectorial (v) PYC1 fragment.
- FIG. 15 Kinetics of the specific pyruvate carboxylase activity of the transformants with a multiple integration of the PYCI expression cassette in comparison to the wild-type H222.
- the specific activities were determined during culture in 100 ml of minimal medium containing 1% glucose. The characteristic course of the specific activities resulted from the enzyme activity determinations of three independent cultivations.
- Table la Composition of the YNB culture medium 2. Trace elements YNB
- Table lb Composition of the medium modified according to Tabuchi et al. (1981):
- H222 was selected for the investigation of succinate production. H222 had already proven to be a very good acid producer with respect to citrate or AKG production compared to other Y. lipolytica strains. H222 was cultured in a culture medium optimized for itaconic acid production by Candida strains. As C sources, glucose (10%), glycerol (10%) and sunflower oil (5%) were selected. Cultivation was carried out in 500 ml Erlmeyer flasks without baffling in 100 ml culture medium at 28 ° C. and 220 rpm. When using sunflower oil as C source, the liquid cultures were shaken in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks with baffles.
- the preculture was carried out in 50 ml of the same medium and was incubated for 2 to 3 days at 28 ° C and 220 rpm.
- the preculture was harvested by centrifugation (3,500 rpm, 5 min, RT) and taken up in production medium without C source, yeast extract and iron sulfate.
- the main cultures were inoculated with 100 ml each of the production medium at an optical density of 2 OD ml -1 , followed by cultivation at 28 ° C. and 220 rpm for up to 500 h
- the analysis of the concentrations during cultivation Organic acids secreted by Y.
- the lipolytica were obtained by ion chromatography using the Ion Chromatography System ICS-2100 from Dionex (Sunnydale, USA).
- the ion chromatography systems contained the following components: Isocratic pump and conductivity detector IC20, eluent generator EG40, autosampler AS40 / autosampler AS50, self-regenerating suppressor ASRS, separation column IonPac AS 19 (2 x 250 mm) with pre-column IonPac AS 19 (2 x 50 mm), analysis software Chromeleon version 6.8.
- the separation parameters of the separation method are listed in Table 2.
- the resulting aqueous lower phase was transferred to a new reaction vessel and added again with 0.3 ml of n-hexane, shaken and centrifuged again. Again, the aqueous phase was removed and used with appropriate dilution for the ion chromatographic analysis. Since the culture medium used here has not been optimized for Succinat conveyor and cultivating conditions such. B. pH and p0 2 , in Scrissalko Ibenage stab can not be kept permanently stable, was waived in this and in all subsequent cultivation experiments on the calculation of maximum productivity or maximum specific product formation rates.
- H222-S4 The uracil-auxotrophic strain H222-S4 was already present at the beginning of the work (Mauersberger et al., 2001). Additional auxotrophic strains were constructed. Within this project only one uracil auxotrophic strain (H222-SW2) was used. H222-SW2 was generated by deletion of the Ku70 gene whose gene product plays a role in DNA recombination in H222-S4.
- Expression cassettes were constructed which, in addition to the selection marker URA3, contained the corresponding promoter (pICL1, GPR1B or pPOT1) fused to the beginning of the SDH2-OKF and a homologous region of pSDH2 (FIG. 1).
- the selection marker URA3 was flanked by the so-called / ox sites, which enabled a possible later removal of this marker by means of the Cre / ox system.
- the homologous regions from pSDH2 and SDH2-OKF should serve for the homologous integration of this expression cassette.
- the starting plasmid was pUCBM21 ( Figure 2).
- the 5DH2 promoter fragment pSDH2 (569 bp) amplified with the primers pSDH2-fw and pSDH2-rv was first integrated into the NcoI site.
- a 1242 bp fragment of the SDH2 ORF (primer: SDH2-fw and SDH2-rv)
- a 776 bp pICL1 fragment primer: pICL1-fw and pICL1-rv
- were amplified by means of PCR and these were fused by means of overlap PCR (Primer: overlap-fw and overlap-rv).
- this pICL1-SDH2 'fragment was integrated into the vector containing pSDH2, likewise BamH1 and EcoRI.
- this construct was cloned the KpnI and BamRI digest from the plasmid p64PT (Gerber, 1999), the 2.16 kb / / / CZJ fragment between the KpnI and 5 amHI sites, and finally integration the loxR-URA J-ox cassette into this plasmid with the pSDH2-pICL1-SDH2 'cassette digested with XbaI and KpnI.
- the 1.4 kb expression cassette was isolated from plasmid JMP1 13 (Fickers et al., 2003) using XbaI / KpnI digestion. Finally, the 8196 bp plasmid pSpIvS-Ura ( Figure 2) was obtained which contained the expression cassette pSDH2-loxR-URA3-loxP-pICL1-SDH2 'to replace the native SZ ) H2 promoter with the / CZJ promoter.
- pSpPS-Ura plasmid which contained the expression cassette pSDH2-loxR-URA3-loxP-pPOT1-SDH2 'to replace the native 5DH2 promoter with the POT1 promoter.
- This expression cassette could also be isolated from the plasmid by means of ⁇ TspAI / M digestion and used for transformation into the uracil-auxotrophic recipient strain H222-SW2 (MATA ura3-302 ku70A-1572) (Werner 2008).
- GPR1B was isolated from plasmid pTBS1 by PCR (primers: KpnI-pGPR1-fw and pGPR1-SDH2-rv, fragment size: 1971 bp).
- the PCR-derived SDH2'- (838 bp, primer: SDH2-pGPR1-fw, SDH2-MluI-rv) was converted to a 2769 bp size in an overlap PCR with the primers KpnI-pGPR1-fw and SDH2-MluI-rv Construct merged.
- This construct was digested with KpnI and Mlul and ligated to the 4773 bp fragment of pSpIvS-Ura.
- pSpGS-Ura plasmid which contained the expression cassette pSDH2-loxR-URA3-loxP-GPR1B-SDH2 'to replace the native 5DH2 promoter with the Gijii promoter. To verify the sequence, the expression cassettes were sequenced.
- Initial strain was ⁇ 222- ⁇ 2. Furthermore, starting from ⁇ 222- ⁇ 2, strains were constructed in which both PYCl and the isocitrate lyase-encoding gene ICL1 are simultaneously overexpressed.
- ⁇ 222- ⁇ 2 For the construction of a strain ( ⁇ 222- ⁇ 8) in which both the 5DH2 promoter exchanged against the POT1 promoter and the pyruvate carboxylase-encoding gene PYCl are overexpressed, ⁇ 222- ⁇ 2 was used as starting strain. In order to be able to use this for further manipulation, uracil auxotrophy had to be generated in ⁇ 222- ⁇ 2.
- the expression cassette for the replacement of the 5DH2 promoter was constructed such that the marker gene URA3, which is essential for the cell's own uracil synthesis, was flanked by the so-called / ox sites. In order to remove this marker gene and thereby achieve the loss of uracil prototrophy, the so-called Crelox system was used.
- ⁇ 222- ⁇ 2 was transformed with the plasmid pUB4-Cre, which contained both a gene for the Cre recombinase and a hygromycin B resistance-mediating gene.
- the cells were then selected on hygromycin B-containing complete medium and then on minimal medium with or without uracil. Transformants in which recombination of the / ox sites occurred with the help of Cre recombinase could no longer produce uracil due to the loss of URA3 caused by it and therefore could no longer grow on uracil-free medium.
- uracil-auxotrophic transformants From these uracil-auxotrophic transformants, a transformant was selected and used as H222-AZ2U for further work. This was followed by the integrative multicopy plasmid p64PYCl, which contained the PYCl gene with its own promoter and terminator regions coding for pyruvate carboxylase in Y. lipolytica and the URA3 allele ura3d4 as multicopy marker gene and rDNA as integration sequence by means of lithium acetate method (Barth and Gaillardin 1996) into uracil auxotrophic strain H222-AZ2U. There was a selection of the uracil prototrophic transformants uracil-free minimal medium with glucose as C source.
- H222-AZ9 For the construction of a strain (H222-AZ9), in which both the 5DH2 promoter replaced by the POT1 promoter and over-expressed PYC1 and ICL1, was analogous to the construction of H222-AZ8 and a uracil auxotrophic derivative of H222-AZ2 as Initial strain used.
- the plasmid p64PIC to be transformed was constructed by restriction and ligation from the plasmids p64PYCl and p64ICL1 (Kruse et al., 2004). For this purpose, the approximately 4.6 kb Sphl-Fsp AI fragment was isolated from p64ICLI and integrated into the Sphl-FspAI cut vector p64PYCl (FIG. 3).
- the resulting plasmid p64PIC had a size of 15.4 kb and was linearized for transformation in the SacII site.
- the integration was verified by means of PCR or Southern Blot. Two selected transformants were checked for PYC and ICL activity (Table 3) according to Dixon and Kornberg, (1959) and finally cultured in YNB medium.
- HC1 Table 3 Composition of the reaction mixture for determining ICL activity.
- H222-AZ8 T3 - T5
- H222-AZ9 T2 + T3
- FIG. 4 shows the results of these activity measurements.
- Both transformants of H222-AZ8 and H222-AZ9 showed increased PYC activity (2.6-3.7 fold) compared to wild-type H222.
- transformants H222-AZ9 T2 and T3 showed a 24-25 fold increase in ICL activity compared to H222.
- the inventors have conducted studies to characterize the proteins encoded by JEW orthologs in Y. lipolytica. These studies provided clues to the functioning of these JEW gene products as dicarboxylate importers with several specific substrates.
- strains were constructed in which individual JEN genes were deleted. When these strains were cultivated, larger amounts of extracellular succinate were detected in part, especially in the deletion of JEN4.
- a JEN4 deletion cassette (approximately 4.5 kb) was transformed into the uracil-auxotrophic Yarrowia lipolytica strain H222-AZ2U.
- the J £ 7V ⁇ deletion cassette ( Figure 5) contained the promoter and terminator regions of JEN4, with the URA3 flanked by TcR sequences in between (Hübner 2010).
- the deletion cassette was transformed by lithium acetate method. Homologous recombination in the promoter and terminator regions should result in the deletion of JEN4 ( Figure 5).
- Two uracil prototrophic transformants in which the deletion of JEN4 was detected by PCR and Southern blot were isolated. Both transformants were cultured in YNB. The two transformants studied, H222-AZ7 T II and T23, behaved similarly to H222-AZ2 in terms of growth ( Figure 3). Both transformants also produced more succinate than the parent strains H222 and H222-AZ2 ( Figure 6, Table 2).
- Table 4 Maximum succinate levels, volume specific and biomass specific product formation rate of strains H222, H222-AZ7 T1 and T23 in YNB medium.
- the integrative multicopy plasmid p64PYC was constructed by integration of the PCR-amplified ORF of the corresponding gene together with its own promoter and terminator regions of about 1 kb into the recipient vector p64T.
- the pyruvate carboxylase is encoded in Y. lipolytica by a gene ⁇ PYCl) (Flores and Gancedo 2005). Since the region of the ORF of PYCl (3844 bp) together with the associated 1 kb promoter and 0.3 kb terminator region each had a size of 5149 bp, this expression cassette was amplified in two steps in order to introduce any sequence errors decrease by the polymerase.
- the oligonucleotides PYCa for and PYCa rev amplified the 2442 bp region, which included the 1 kb promoter region and part of the ORF of PYCl.
- oligonucleotides PYCa for Pael and PYCb rev added an i g / II site, and the Bgl II site included in the ORF was used for vector integration and fusion of the two fragments.
- the 2442 bp PYCa fragment (promoter region with part of the FC ORF) was digested with Pael and BglII and cloned into the P64 and BglII digested p64T vector.
- the resulting p64PYCla vector was sequenced. Sequencing of the plasmid of clone T22 yielded a defect-free 7C7 ORF, and an error-free promoter region was detected for the plasmid of clone T97. An error-free p64PYCla vector was obtained by the integration of the error-free aeI-i? AmHI promoter region from p64PYCla from clone T97 into the Pael and BamHI digested p64PYCla vector from clone T22. In the resulting p64PYCla vector, the i?
- the additionally detected band at 6.2 kb in the transformants served as evidence for the integration of the multicopy vector p64PYC l. These bands showed an increased intensity compared to the genomic band of the reference strain H222-S4, whereby a multiple integration of the corresponding expression cassette was confirmed.
- the transformants H222-AK1-2, H222-AK1-5, and H222-AK1-7 were selected for further study because of their high vector band intensities.
- the gene-donor effect on pyruvate carboxylase activity was in the strains H222-AK1-2, H222-AK1-5 and H222-AK1-7 examined.
- PYC activity For the determination of PYC activity, all selected transformants were cultured in 100 ml of minimal medium containing 1% glucose. After harvesting a sample of the culture, the yeast cells were disrupted by means of glass beads. The PYC activity was determined in the cell-free extract according to the method of van Urk et al. (1989). The composition of the reaction mixture is listed in the following table. The photometric measurement was carried out at 340 nm.
- the increased gene dose of the PYC-encoding gene showed a positive effect on the specific PYC activities of the strains studied.
- the specific activities for the transformants H222-AK1 -2 and H222-AK1 -7 reached a maximum after 6 h. In contrast, no detectable maximum of the specific enzyme activity was detected for the transformants H222-AK1-5 and for the wild-type H222.
- the transformants H222-AK1-2 and H222-AK1-7 showed the highest specific PYC activities at 0.48 ⁇ 0.04 U / mg and 0.51 ⁇ 0.02 U / mg compared to the other strains investigated, their enzyme activities at 0.42 ⁇ 0. 1 U / mg (H222-AK1-5) and at 0.16 ⁇ 0.06 U / mg (H222) were determined.
- the strain with increased PYC activity showed moderate differences in growth and production behavior.
- the wild type H222 produced a maximum of 3.3 ⁇ 0.02 g L "1 succinate with an average productivity of 5, 4 ⁇ 0.6 mg L " 1 h "1.
- For H 2 2 2-AM3 slightly increased amounts of succinate could be produced of 4.1 ⁇ 0.1 g L "1 .
- H222-AZ10 H222-AZ10
- JEN4 H222-AZ7
- uracil auxotrophy was introduced in H222-AZ7 using FOA-selection.
- FOA 5 'fluororotic acid
- URA3 oritidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase encoded by URA3.
- 5-fluorouracil is toxic to the cell. Therefore, in the presence of FOA only cells can grow in which no URA3 is present or in which URA3 was removed by recombination of the flanking TcR sequences.
- H222-AZ7 10 3 cells of H222-AZ7 were streaked with glucose on FOA- and uracil-containing minimal medium and the colonies obtained were checked for uracil auxotrophy by means of a punch test. The loss of URA3 was also detected by PCR. From the colonies tested, a uracil auxotrophic was selected (H222-AZ7U) and transformed with the integrative PYCl multicopy vector p64PYCl. After one to two weeks transformants were isolated, which were checked by PCR for the integration of the vector. All tested Transformants were positive. From these positive transformants, 3 were selected and tested for PYC activity. For this purpose, these 3 transformants and the wild type were cultured in minimal medium with glucose. After 4 hours, a sample was taken for the determination of PYC activity and the activity of pyruvate carboxylase was determined.
- the three transformants tested were cultured in YNB medium to examine effects on succinate production.
- FIG. 9 shows growth behavior and succinate production of H222 (wild type) and the new transformants H222-AZ 10 T1, T5 and T9.
- H222-AZ7 TU and H222-AZ 8 T 3 were also included.
- Table 5 The average values from all experiments carried out are summarized in Table 5.
- Table 5 Average maximum succinate levels, volume specific productivities and biomass specific product formation rates of strains H222 (wild-type), H222-AZ10 Tl, T5, T9, H222-AZ8 T3 and H222-AZ7 TU. Cultivation in shake flasks at 28 ° C., 220 rpm in 150 ml of YNB medium with 5% glycerol as C source (+ 3% after 168 h) in two
- Table 6 Maximum product levels of the organic acids malate (MA), ⁇ -ketoglutarate (AKG) and fumarate (FA) when cultivating the strains Y. lipolytica H222, H222-AZ 10 T 1, T5 and T9 in YNB medium. Cultivation in YNB medium at 5%
- the gene of the carboxylate transporter Mael was deleted in Yarrowia lipolytica.
- the deletion cassettes and plasmids used can be found in the table presented at the beginning.
- the deletion strain H222-SW2AMAE1 the deletion of the SpMAE1 homologous gene MAE1, coding for a putative dicarboxylate transporter, was performed.
- Cultures of the H222-SW2AMAE1 transformants 3, 7, and 8 were analyzed for the accumulated organic acids ⁇ -ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate, pyruvate, and succinate in comparison to the parent strain H222.
- the determination of formed biosoluble masses continued to take place.
- the formed dry biomass of the ⁇ 1 transformants when cultivated in 10% glycerol was 40% lower compared to the reference strain H222, but showed little difference in comparison of the transformants with each other. This significant difference in growth may be due to a reduced uptake of the tricarboxylic acid cycle
- Intermediate ⁇ -ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate and succinate result, which are educts of many biosyntheses, such as for amino or fatty acids.
- all transformants showed an increase in the production of the organic acids ⁇ -ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate and succinate studied. On average, a maximum of 30% more AKG, fumarate and succinate and 40% more malate (TF7 only 10%) were formed.
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PCT/EP2012/075268 WO2013087714A1 (de) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-12-12 | Pilzstämme mit genetischer modifikation betreffend einen carbonsäure-transporter |
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