Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/08—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of metal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
  • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
  • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
  • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
  • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
  • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
  • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
  • E04B1/6125—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with protrusions on the one frontal surface co-operating with recesses in the other frontal surface
  • E04B1/6137—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with protrusions on the one frontal surface co-operating with recesses in the other frontal surface the connection made by formlocking

Definitions

• This invention a wall module of superior insulation properties for passive buildings, a technique of manufacture of a product provided with all needed installations, through application of the appropriate technological process, easy to install on a building site - encompasses the technological domains marked as E04B 2/58, E04C 1/00 and E04C 2/00 according to the International Patent Classification.
• the technical problem resolved in the subject invention consists of the definition of such wall structure and of the application of such materials and making and building techniques, to achieve excellent insulation properties of the wall needed for the construction of passive buildings with at the same time meeting all the requirements of the professional building practice and the regulations with respect to the strength and the statics of walls and of the entire building. It would be preferable here to make sure also that the appropriate technological process is used such that the finished wall can be made in factory complete with ceramic tiles and parquet flooring, with all needed installations, all openings including door and window openings.
• the simple and fast installation of a building on a building site with a low labor cost will reduce significantly building costs per surface area unit of the building.
• the building walls prefferably be made as a light load bearing steel structure filled with light material of excellent insulation properties, polyurethane (PIR) a fire-retardant, and for the walls to be of the appropriate thickness and of appropriate rectangular dimensions (one-floor elevation): higher than 2 m and of the appropriate width.
• PIR polyurethane
• a possible reduction of the building cost depends directly on the wall structure that requires the adequate consumption of materials, and it depends in particular on the extent to which the wall can be factory-built and on the extent of the remaining work that needs to be done at the building site.
• the passive house is a result of a low-energy house development cycle (NEK).
• the passive house consumes up to 80% less energy compared to a low-energy house and up to 90% less energy compared to conventional building structures.
• the thickness of the passive house insulation should be at least 55 to 60 cm in combination with the placement of triple glazed windows and doors of appropriate thermal insulation properties.
• Wall elements are mostly made of expanded polystyrene. Examples of these techniques and their resulting structures have been published in US5,353,562, US4,823,534 and US 5,617,686.
• EP 0 727 535 A1 is the partition wall building technique that involves the use of a large number of posts and steel elements, securing the position of main surface materials on both sides of the element with the noise insulating material and hard gypsum panels as reinforcement for the principal external surfaces, making a fireproof wall structure.
• US 5,765,333 describes the system of building using posts and panels that are joined such that the post is placed on the floor, a solid foam panel, consisting of one or several glued layers of solid foam shaped to fit the post placed next to the beam and joined with the beam and the floor, thereafter the following post is placed and joined with the same panel etc.
• Prefabricated strips may be placed on the surface of panels, to join gypsum panels on the inside of the wall structure, or as a fixing element on the outside.
• bearing wall structures There are several types of bearing wall structures mostly made at the passive house building site but the quality of the wall fill, from the technical and technological aspect, is lower.
• the importance of the invention is in its technical design that resolves the indicated technical problem by defining the load-bearing steel structure of the wall with all the appertaining components and all needed installations and openings for a specific structure intended for a specific purpose, of specified dimensions and location, of the specific layout of premises, after the completion of appropriate calculations, according to well known methods, and in compliance with the principal requirements set by the building regulations, such as pressure strength, earthquake, wind resistance and fire safety properties, which in the end allows in terms of technology, the development of complete walls, factory made, simple installation of these walls on the building site with the characteristics and qualities in compliance with the criteria set to meet passive house standards.
• Such a defined steel structure consist of elements of specified shapes and dimensions, in general of C elements, horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2, C elements made of steel metal sheathing of the appropriate thickness and appropriately joined, according to the established work method, with in the middle additional steel elements for reinforcement 8.1. , as suitable, for additional strength, according to calculations, and in addition to horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C elements.
• the suitable wall fasteners or their elements are fixed inside horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C elements, according to calculations done in compliance with all relevant building practice requirements and regulations, to fasten walls or their segments horizontally 2.1 and vertically 2.2 with fasteners.
• Horizontal and vertical wall fasteners consist of a clamping screw, with a body 3.2 and a head 5.1 , of a fastener cylinder 3.1 with a housing for the C element and a nut 3.3 with a housing for the C element.
• the fastener cylinder 3.1 with a housing and a nut 3.3 with a housing are placed on the C element in a position, as allowed by the internal surface 4.1 at the bottom of the C element and two internal side surfaces 4.2 of the C element such that neither the fastener cylinder 3.1 nor the nut
• the fastener cylinder 3.1 with the housing and the fastener nut 3.3 with the housing are placed on the C element, as described above, laid in the direction of the axis 4.3 of the C element, and as a rule placed in the corner to lean against and be fixed on the internal surface 4.1 at the bottom of the C element and on the appropriate internal side surface 4.2 of the C element, for better and more compact joining of elements.
• Such a developed steel structure of a wall or of its segments is of a specific thickness 2.4, which in compliance with calculations is sufficient for any requirements set with respect to a specific building.
• the needed number of suitably shaped internal 1.3 and external 1.4 spacers are placed and fixed on appropriate points of horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C elements.
• the internal 8.2 and external 8.3 lining is placed on the internal 1.3 and external 1.4 spacers, in which way a space is left between the internal 8.2 and external 8.3 lining to inject insulation fill 8.4 thereby obtaining the total thickness 2.5 of the wall or of its segments of such dimensions that depend on the intended use of the building premises and the set requirements, which may be approximately 200 - 400 mm, most frequently approximately 300 mm.
• a module is the usual word used for a wall structure made according to the above specified method by using a press, either for complete walls or their segments.
• Modules in general, are of a rectangular shape usually of the total surface area of 36 m 2 , 3 x 12 m in height and width, thereby meeting practically all the requirements encountered in practice.
• all such modules i.e., all wall elements are factory-made, with all windows, doors, utility penetrations/channels and/or other additional elements installed in the production facility, one can make in advance the entire structure before it is brought to the building site, which results in a very flexible building concept with additionally reduced building costs.
• the floor module 10.3 of the wall is placed and thereafter the upper bearing module 10.2 of the wall and partition walls, upper 10.4 and lower 10.5.
• Position 1.4 External spacer
• Figure 2a Steel structure with fasteners Position 2.1 : A part of the fastener for horizontal fastening of walls or their segments;
• Position 2.2 A part of the fastener for vertical fastening of walls or their segments;
• Position 2.3 Channels for the installation of pipes and utilities
• Position 3.3 The fastener's nut with the housing to be fixed to the C element;
• Position L The total length of the C element
• Position D The distance of the fastener, the cylinder or the nut from the edge of the C element
• Position W The distance between the axes of two C elements with wall or wall segment fasteners
• Position 4.1 The internal surface of the bottom of the C element
• Position 4.3 The axis of the C element
• the subject invention has been developed such that the appropriate calculation has been done, according to the known and established method, in compliance with all the essential requirements defined in building regulations, such as pressure strength, resistance to earthquakes, wind and fire safety, relating to a specified structure intended for a specified purpose, with specified dimensions and the location, the layout of premises; a load bearing steel structure of the wall has been defined in such manner with all components and all channels and openings needed for installation of plumbing and other installation elements, allowing the application of the technology of completely factory-built walls, easy to install on the building site fulfilling all the criteria of passive house building standards.
• building regulations such as pressure strength, resistance to earthquakes, wind and fire safety
• Such a defined steel structure consists of elements of specified shapes and dimensions, mostly C elements, horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C elements made of steel sheathing of the appropriate thickness and joined appropriately according to the well-known method, with additional steel reinforcement elements 8.1. between them, as needed, for additional strength, according to calculations.
• suitable wall or wall segment fastening mechanisms are fixed inside horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C elements, for horizontal 2.1 and vertical 2.2 tightening and joining of walls or their segments.
• the fastener cylinder 3.1 with the housing and the fastener nut 3.3 with the housing are placed on the C element inside the space defined by the internal surface 4.1 of the bottom of the C element and two internal side surfaces 4.2 of the C element, such that neither the fastener cylinder 3.1 nor the fastener nut 3.2 ever protrude beyond the volume of the C element but they are at the distance D from the edge 3.4 of the C element whether used for vertical or horizontal tightening.
• the fastener cylinder 3.1 with the housing and the fastener nut 3.3 with the housing are placed on the C element as indicated above, laid in the direction of the axis 4.3 of the C element, located in general in the corner and fixed appropriately to the internal surface 4.1 at the bottom of the C element and the respective internal side surface 4.2 of the C element, to give more strength to the joined segment.
• Such a developed steel structure of the wall or of its segments is of the specified thickness 2.4, sufficient according to the calculation for a specific building.
• the appropriate number of suitably shaped internal 1.3 and external 1.4 spacers are placed and fixed at the specified points horizontally 1.1 and vertically 1.2 on the C elements.
• Internal 1.3 and external 1.4 spacers are made of such materials that are of appropriate thermal insulation properties to eliminate thermal bridges between external and internal surfaces of walls.
• the internal 8.2 and external 83 linings are placed and fixed onto the internal 1.3 and external 1.4 spacers, in which way the space is left between the internal 8.2 and external 8.3 lining in which the insulation fill is injected 8.4 to make up the total thickness 2.5 of the wall or its segments, whose dimensions depend on the intended use of the building and the corresponding requirements, which most frequently may be up to 300 mm.
• the steel structure of the wall or of its segment made as described above, complete with spacers, fastening mechanisms and final lining elements, of the specified outside volume and surfaces, for example of 36 m 2 , is placed in the frame of the appropriate dimensions and the appropriate, for example, 3-bar, injection press technique is applied to inject insulation fill, most frequently expanded polyurethane, which expands spontaneously while the pressure squeezes out the air hermetically sealing the space between placed final panels and ' bo daTy ⁇ surfacesnsf the steel structure of the wall or of its segments, consisting of elements, mostly, horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C elements. Because of such compact wall structure the statics of the steel structure is improved for at least 30 %.
• the module is the usual name for the wall structure obtained after the application of the press technique in the above mentioned way, both on complete walls or their segments.
• Modules in general are rectangular in shape, usually of the total surface area of 36 m 2 , 3 x 12 m in length and width, meeting practically all requirements encountered in practice.
• all such modules i.e., all wall elements are factory-made, with all windows, doors, utility channel and/or other additional elements installed in the production facility, one can make in advance the entire structure before it is brought to the building site, which results in a very flexible building concept and an additional reduction of building costs.
• the floor module 10.3 of the wall is placed and thereafter the upper bearing module 10.2 of the wall and partition walls, upper 10.4 and lower 10.5.
• the subject invention can be applied in the construction industry and achieve the highest possible flexibility of building, beyond any comparison, with the radically reduced building costs and time schedules, which is a natural result of a process in which all modules, i.e., all wall elements are factory built with all windows, doors, installation channels and/or other additional equipment installed in the production facility, which means that the entire structure can be built in advance, before it is transported to the building site.
• all modules i.e., all wall elements are factory built with all windows, doors, installation channels and/or other additional equipment installed in the production facility, which means that the entire structure can be built in advance, before it is transported to the building site.
• the subject invention allows the building of walls of excellent insulation properties of the heat penetration coefficient U not higher than 0.15 W/(m 2 K°), whereby the subject invention may be relevant in current construction achievements in the building of passive houses fulfilling the parameters and characteristics in compliance with the strictest standards.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2011
  • 2011-08-04 HR HRP20110582AA patent/HRP20110582A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2012
  • 2012-07-31 CN CN201280048524.7A patent/CN103998694A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-07-31 CA CA2844029A patent/CA2844029A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-07-31 EA EA201490414A patent/EA201490414A1/ru unknown
  • 2012-07-31 WO PCT/HR2012/000017 patent/WO2013017900A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2012-07-31 JP JP2014523406A patent/JP2014525001A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-07-31 US US14/237,070 patent/US20140202100A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-07-31 EP EP12766324.3A patent/EP2780514A1/en not_active Withdrawn

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