EP2776379A1 - Céramique transparente - Google Patents

Céramique transparente

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Publication number
EP2776379A1
EP2776379A1 EP12783991.8A EP12783991A EP2776379A1 EP 2776379 A1 EP2776379 A1 EP 2776379A1 EP 12783991 A EP12783991 A EP 12783991A EP 2776379 A1 EP2776379 A1 EP 2776379A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transparent ceramic
μιτι
ceramic
ceramic according
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP12783991.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lars Schnetter
Frank Wittig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ceramtec ETEC GmbH
Original Assignee
Ceramtec ETEC GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ceramtec ETEC GmbH filed Critical Ceramtec ETEC GmbH
Publication of EP2776379A1 publication Critical patent/EP2776379A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
    • C04B35/115—Translucent or transparent products
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    • C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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Definitions

  • the present invention is a transparent ceramic, process for their preparation and their use.
  • the invention relates to a transparent high-strength ceramic which comprises all transparent ceramic materials, e.g. Mg-Al spinel, AION, yttrium aluminum garnets, yttria, zirconia, etc. Particularly interesting are the materials with increased mechanical strength and in particular protective ceramics, such as Mg-Al spinel, AION, alumina, etc.
  • transparent ceramic materials e.g. Mg-Al spinel, AION, yttrium aluminum garnets, yttria, zirconia, etc.
  • protective ceramics such as Mg-Al spinel, AION, alumina, etc.
  • Vehicles such as military vehicles or sometimes even civil vehicles to protect against fire, these are armored.
  • the armor is usually done by means of a metal or a metal-ceramic system.
  • windows such as side windows, windscreens or the like. contain.
  • These areas are, for example, equipped with bulletproof glass.
  • armored glass is known to have a significantly lower ballistic efficiency compared to hard core ammunition than composite or metal armor systems.
  • the window panes equipped with bulletproof glass are weak points of the vehicle. A sufficient protection performance can only be achieved by using very large weights, which significantly reduces the mobility of vehicles as well as admission limits.
  • Transparent ceramic has an improved protective behavior compared to bulletproof glass. For this reason, looking for alternatives to bulletproof glass relatively early. These were mainly found in ceramics such as spinel and AION. These ceramics have improved mechanical properties, such as increased strength and hardness, compared to bulletproof glass. In the known ceramics, however, it is difficult, in contrast to bulletproof glass, to produce virtually defect-free components. Usually remain in the components made of transparent ceramic single larger defects> 100 ⁇ . Examples of such defects are in particular pores, caused by pores in the Starting powder for the transparent ceramics, as well as Granulatrelikte, pressing errors, degassing, organic inclusions, or the like. Although these defects do not necessarily affect the transparency measurement, they are a hindrance to visibility and thus to be avoided. Inclusions, which are not reliably avoidable, especially in pressing processes, reduce the usefulness of the ceramic material, especially when used as a transparent ceramic protective material. There is also another effect:
  • HEL Human Elastic Limit
  • a high four-point bending strength is a good measure to characterize the component.
  • MER Corporation has prepared a spinel having a four point bending strength of about 300 MPa.
  • hot-pressed components which are usually produced with the aid of LiF, the pores have a smooth surface which promotes transparency and are therefore not visually disadvantageous.
  • microscopic analysis it can be shown that larger pores are present, and in addition the large crystals due to the high process temperatures also have a strength-lowering effect.
  • the maximum four-point bending strengths are on average ⁇ 300 MPa (MER specifications).
  • the ceramics with grain sizes ⁇ 1 ⁇ m produced according to EP 1 557 402 A2 also appear to have the strength-reducing elements, since the strengths specified there are even below the strengths of hot-pressed components at 200-250 MPa. Although no sizes of individual inclusions are disclosed, but the low strength causes such inclusions, since even with particle sizes of> 50 ⁇ higher strengths can be measured.
  • the present invention improves the application possibilities of transparent ceramics under increased mechanical load and thus enables the more efficient use of this ceramic, as, for example, thinner components can be manufactured and used, which, however, can fulfill the same function as thicker components with lower strength due to their lower tendency to fracture. This advantage becomes particularly clear when used as ballistic protection.
  • Another important parameter for the quality of a transparent ceramic is the scattering loss in the ceramic. Scattering losses in the ceramic are caused by stains in the ceramic. In order to minimize scattering losses in the ceramic as low as possible, the smallest possible stain frequency is therefore essential. Only thereby is it possible to achieve a corresponding optical quality for numerous applications such as optical lenses, protective glasses, sight glasses, lasers in the wear area, etc. If the number of scattering centers is too large or too large in general, the optical quality of a transparent ceramic is drastically reduced.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide transparent ceramics with high strengths, which is paired with a high transparency (RIT> 75%) and high optical quality.
  • This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
  • Preferred embodiments or further developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
  • the object underlying the invention could be achieved by a ceramic whose mean grain size moves in a certain range.
  • a ceramic with very fine mean particle sizes for example, if instead of a ceramic with average particle sizes in the range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ , a ceramic with average particle sizes in Range of> 10 to ⁇ 100 ⁇ , preferably a ceramic having average particle sizes in the range of> 10 to 50 ⁇ , more preferably a ceramic having average particle sizes in the range of> 10 to 20 ⁇ , most preferably a ceramic with average grain sizes in the range is provided from 1 1 to 20 ⁇ , which has a high transparency (RIT> 75%) and a high optical quality.
  • the raw materials to be used according to the invention have an average primary particle size d50 of ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, preferably of 5 to 500 nm and a purity of> 99.5%, preferably of> 99.9%, ie. largest contamination ⁇ 0.5% and ⁇ 0.1%, respectively.
  • the mean grain size is determined by the line-cut method according to DIN EN 623, the RIT value on a 2 mm thick, polished disk with light of the wavelength of 600 nm.
  • the high optical quality is characterized in the context of the present invention by the degree of spotting frequency, determined by the method described below.
  • a preferred ceramic according to the invention has a stain frequency of ⁇ 10%, a particularly preferred ceramic according to the invention has a stain frequency of ⁇ 1%.
  • Another essential aspect of transparent ceramics is the need for good polishability and further processing of the ceramics, since this significantly influences a large proportion of the overall costs. It has surprisingly been found that in a ceramic according to the invention with average particle sizes in the range of> 10 to ⁇ 100 ⁇ , especially in a ceramic according to the invention with average particle sizes in the range of> 10 to 20 ⁇ not in ceramics with average particle sizes in the range of ⁇ 10 ⁇ incipient significant fine grain hardening can be determined.
  • the known in the prior art ceramics with average particle sizes in the range of ⁇ 10 m significantly onset fine grain hardening not only complicates the processing of the ceramic but also deteriorates the fracture behavior.
  • Another advantage of the ceramic according to the invention is its particularly good ballistic performance, which was found by bombardment tests in comparison to fine-crystalline ceramic (particle size ⁇ 1 ⁇ ).
  • the ballistic advantages of the ceramic according to the invention are particularly surprising since their hardness is lower, but the fracture behavior is better than that of the very fine ceramics known from the prior art (for example EP 1 557 402 A2, DE 10 2004 004 259).
  • both the hardness and the fracture behavior of the ceramic according to the invention are better in comparison with the known coarsely crystalline ceramics (for example US 2004/0266605, US 5,001,093, US 4,983,555).
  • the multiple bombardment is favored (multihit resistance), ie the triangular bombardment of a transparent ballistic target produced from the ceramic according to the invention.
  • An average grain size in the range from> 10 to ⁇ 100 ⁇ , in particular an average grain size in the inventive range of> 10 up to 50 ⁇ also allows optimal processing, easier cutting (eg water jet) than with finely crystalline material (lower hardness than fine crystalline material), simplified grinding, polishing against coarse-grained material (the emerging crystals are smaller).
  • the simplified processing allows important freedom in the later design of any free-form surfaces. This is of particular interest in the design of curved windows for civil protected vehicles.
  • Another advantage of the ceramic according to the invention lies in the significantly lower production costs, since coarser and thus cheaper powder can be used (the average (final) grain size is in the range of> 10 to ⁇ 100 ⁇ ), an optimal hard machining and cheaper manufacturing processes possible are. Since the raw materials in a general economic manufacturing process account for the vast majority of the manufacturing costs, it is precisely through the use of coarser raw materials possible to produce a significantly cheaper product.
  • Transparent ceramic having a RIT> 75% with average grain sizes in the range of> 10 to ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, measured on a 2 mm thick, polished disk with light of wavelength 600 nm, preferably a transparent ceramic with average grain sizes in the range of> 10 to
  • a transparent ceramic with average particle sizes in the range of> 10 to 20 ⁇ particularly preferably a transparent ceramic with average particle sizes in the range of 1 1 to 20 ⁇ ;
  • Preferred is a transparent ceramic as described above
  • Mg-Al spinel AION, alumina, yttrium aluminum garnet, yttria, zirconia;
  • the ceramic according to the invention can be used for example in ballistics.
  • the granules are then uniaxially pressed at 160 MPa into a 50 mm x 50 mm plate which, due to its homogeneity, can be densely sintered at 1500 ° C. Thereafter, a HIP process is also carried out at 1500 ° C and 2000 bar. After the HIP process results in a measured density of 3.575 g / cm 3 which is determined according to the Archimedes method analogous to DIN EN 623-2. This represents a density of> 99.9%. The high homogeneous density results in a RIT value of 83% - with 0.2% fluctuation within the produced board. The existing stain content is ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the average grain size of the ceramic determined according to the line-cut method according to DIN EN 623 is 12 ⁇ +/- 0.5 ⁇ after thermal etching of the polished samples.
  • FIG. 1 shows a photograph of a cold isostatically pressed sample of pure powder.
  • the stain analysis procedure described below provides information on stain size distribution, stain frequency and the sum of stains within the sample.
  • the sample center or the sample surface is focused in the light microscope and an image is taken. This image is subdivided into white and black areas via automated image processing, so that a clear visual difference between spots and transparent areas can be recognized.
  • Typical images after microscopic analysis (left) and after image processing (right) are shown in FIG. Use is a 6.3x magnification and a screen area of 1280 * 1024 pixels.
  • the accuracy of the evaluation is determined by the resolution (default 1280 * 1024 pixels) and the error size and magnification.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une céramique transparente et son utilisation. Cette céramique transparente présente une valeur RIT > 75% mesurée au niveau d'une plaque polie d'une épaisseur de 2 mm au moyen d'une lumière présentant une longueur d'onde de 600 nm, ainsi qu'une granulométrie moyenne strictement supérieure à 10 et inférieure ou égale à 100 micromètres, de préférence strictement supérieure à 10 et jusqu'à 50 micromètres, encore mieux strictement supérieure à 10 jusqu'à 20 micromètres. Cette céramique transparente se présente par exemple sous la forme de Mg-Al-spinelle, ALON, oxyde d'aluminium, grenat d'aluminium d'yttrium ou d'oxyde de zircon.
EP12783991.8A 2011-11-07 2012-11-07 Céramique transparente Ceased EP2776379A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011085868 2011-11-07
PCT/EP2012/072055 WO2013068418A1 (fr) 2011-11-07 2012-11-07 Céramique transparente

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EP2776379A1 true EP2776379A1 (fr) 2014-09-17

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EP12783991.8A Ceased EP2776379A1 (fr) 2011-11-07 2012-11-07 Céramique transparente

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US (1) US20140360345A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2776379A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6195838B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20140103111A (fr)
CN (1) CN104024179A (fr)
AR (1) AR088684A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112014010888A8 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012220257A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL232465A0 (fr)
IN (1) IN2014CN04116A (fr)
RU (1) RU2014123066A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013068418A1 (fr)

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CN106715361A (zh) 2014-05-21 2017-05-24 陶瓷技术－Etec有限责任公司 陶瓷的轻迫
EP2949633B1 (fr) 2014-05-27 2019-04-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Céramiques de Spinelle transparentes et leur procédé de fabrication
WO2015181066A1 (fr) 2014-05-27 2015-12-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Céramiques à base de spinelle, transparentes, et leur procédé de fabrication
DE102014210071A1 (de) 2014-05-27 2015-12-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Transparente Spinellkeramiken und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US9309156B2 (en) 2014-05-27 2016-04-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Transparent spinel ceramics and method for the production thereof
WO2015181975A1 (fr) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 住友電気工業株式会社 Plaque de protection de panneau tactile à cristaux liquides
US9287106B1 (en) 2014-11-10 2016-03-15 Corning Incorporated Translucent alumina filaments and tape cast methods for making
CN106166792A (zh) 2015-10-16 2016-11-30 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 具有复杂几何形状的透明陶瓷和其制造方法
WO2018013387A1 (fr) * 2016-07-13 2018-01-18 Tosoh Smd, Inc. Cible de pulvérisation d'oxyde de magnésium et son procédé de fabrication
DE102016009730A1 (de) 2016-07-28 2018-02-01 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Verfahren zur Verstärkung von transparenten Keramiken sowie Keramik
WO2018174814A1 (fr) * 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 Dso National Laboratories Matériau de protection
WO2020120458A1 (fr) 2018-12-14 2020-06-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé pour fabriquer des pièces céramiques transparentes minces et pièces céramiques transparentes minces
CN113185301B (zh) * 2021-04-23 2022-11-18 北京科技大学 一种AlON透明陶瓷的快速制备方法

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US20140360345A1 (en) 2014-12-11
IL232465A0 (en) 2014-06-30
DE102012220257A1 (de) 2013-05-08
AR088684A1 (es) 2014-06-25
RU2014123066A (ru) 2015-12-20
KR20140103111A (ko) 2014-08-25
JP6195838B2 (ja) 2017-09-13
IN2014CN04116A (fr) 2015-07-10
BR112014010888A8 (pt) 2017-06-20
CN104024179A (zh) 2014-09-03
WO2013068418A1 (fr) 2013-05-16
JP2014532615A (ja) 2014-12-08
BR112014010888A2 (pt) 2017-06-13

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