EP2732066B1 - Procédé de refroidissement de pièces métalliques ayant subi un traitement de nitruration / nitrocarburation en bain de sel fondu, l'installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et les pièces métalliques traitées - Google Patents
Procédé de refroidissement de pièces métalliques ayant subi un traitement de nitruration / nitrocarburation en bain de sel fondu, l'installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et les pièces métalliques traitées Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2732066B1 EP2732066B1 EP12743503.0A EP12743503A EP2732066B1 EP 2732066 B1 EP2732066 B1 EP 2732066B1 EP 12743503 A EP12743503 A EP 12743503A EP 2732066 B1 EP2732066 B1 EP 2732066B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- chamber
- nitriding
- cooling
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 title 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000727 Fe4N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012994 industrial processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000920 Fe16N2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/48—Nitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/52—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/54—Carbo-nitriding
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a cooling system for metal parts which have undergone nitriding / nitrocarburizing treatment in a bath of molten salts.
- the invention also relates to the parts thus treated.
- thermochemical nitrogen diffusion nitriding or nitrocarburizing in baths of molten salts.
- these salt baths generally consist of cyanate and alkali carbonate.
- the alkaline cyanate releases nitrogen and carbon that diffuse on the surface of the room.
- the treatment times are generally between 20 and 180 min at temperatures between 400 and 700 ° C.
- this treatment generally induces the formation of two characteristic zones: a first zone at the surface, with a thickness of between 5 and 30 ⁇ m composed mainly of nitrides ⁇ (Fe2 .... 3n) and nitrides ⁇ (Fe4N)), called the combination zone, followed by a second zone, generally between 0.2 and 1.5 mm thick, characterized by the presence of nitrogen in solid solution in the iron grains and in the form of nitride alloy elements, called diffusion layer.
- the latter are arranged in a metal rack to facilitate their transport, for example, by means of robots between the different processing stations.
- the rack's fill rate is at a maximum, so that the parts are likely to be in contact with each other.
- the transfer of the pieces from the nitriding bath to the cooling zone is carried out for a period such that, on contact with the ambient air, oxidation or superficial discoloration spots appear on the surface of a part more or less important parts treated. Tests carried out in the laboratory have shown that from a transfer time greater than about 30 seconds, the appearance of oxidation spots on only a few parts is observed, whereas from a transfer time of 120 seconds order, all parts are oxidized. However, the industrial transfer time between two successive processing zones is generally between these two values.
- the technical field of the invention relates to an industrial processing of parts that is not comparable with a nitriding / nitrocarburizing treatment, carried out at the scale of a laboratory where the parts are not treated only in small quantities. In the laboratory, it is therefore possible, after the nitriding bath, to transfer the parts rapidly enough to avoid oxidation during cooling with water, for example.
- the patent US 3560271 relates to a nitriding process in molten salt baths with the aim of slowing the cooling after nitriding in order to limit the level of stresses so as to limit the risks of cracking of the layer. Cooling is carried out under vacuum only by radiation, which leads to cooling times which are difficult to reconcile with an industrial process (from several hours to several tens of hours).
- the object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages in a simple, safe, effective and rational manner.
- the problem which the invention proposes to solve is thus to guarantee, in the case of an industrial treatment of metal parts having undergone nitriding / nitrocarburizing treatment in molten salt baths, the absence of corrosion-oxidation traces, with the aim of improving their ductility.
- the refrigerant is liquid nitrogen which will vaporize very quickly thanks to the heat of the bath and parts.
- Such a vaporization will produce a volume of gas approximately 630 times higher, which will evacuate oxygen very quickly inside the enclosure.
- the chamber is filled with liquid nitrogen 2 to 3 minutes before the end of the nitriding / nitrocarburizing treatment.
- the parts are transferred vertically to the chamber filled with liquid nitrogen at a minimum speed of 6 m / min.
- the cooling chamber according to claim 5 is arranged in direct relationship with the nitriding / nitrocarburizing station being secured to a transfer carriage for fast transfer at a minimum speed of 6 m / min. min of all the parts in said enclosure.
- the enclosure is constituted by a double-walled bell in which is injected liquid nitrogen, said double wall having arrangements for the diffusion of nitrogen inside the bell.
- the base of the check cooperates with means able to give free access to the inside of said bell for the transfer of parts, and to close this access during the cooling phase.
- the means consist of by doors integral with a part of the treatment station.
- the invention also relates to the parts having undergone nitriding / nitrocarburizing treatment in molten salt baths, according to the characteristics of the claimed process. More generally, the invention relates to metal parts on which there is an absence of oxidation task and the presence of nitride precipitate in the diffusion zone.
- the installation is adapted to process parts industrially, that is to say, not in a unitary manner, but in batches, for example by arranging said parts in a metal rack in order to facilitate their transfer by robots between the various stations. treatment.
- a cooling chamber (1) is arranged in direct relation with the nitriding / nitrocarburizing station while being secured to a transfer carriage for fast transfer at a minimum speed of 6 m / min of the assembly. of considered pieces (P) in said enclosure (1). As indicated, the pieces (P) are for example arranged in a rack (R).
- the enclosure (1) is constituted by a double-walled bell (1a) into which liquid nitrogen is injected.
- This double wall (la) has arrangements for the diffusion of liquid nitrogen inside the bell (1).
- the double wall (1a) has baffles (1b) for the diffusion of liquid nitrogen through calibrated orifices (1c).
- the supply of liquid nitrogen is carried out by any known and appropriate means (2).
- the bell (1) is secured to the transfer carriage. The opening of the bell, located at its lower end, cooperates with doors (3) and (4) integral with the nitrocarburizing station.
- FIGs 2, 3 and 4 show the main phases of the process on which the characteristics of the invention are based.
- the nitrocarburizing treatment as such can for example be of the type known under the trademark SURSULF, TENIFER .
- the duration of the treatment generally between 20 and 180 min is typically of the order of 50 to 60 minutes.
- the bell (1) is disposed above the bath (T) in which is dipped the set of pieces (P) disposed in the rack (R). Doors (3) and (4) are open ( figure 2 ).
- liquid nitrogen (A) is injected through the double wall (1a) as indicated previously, in order to evacuate very rapidly the oxygen inside the bell (1) to allow the pieces (P) to cool metallurgically slowly under the inert atmosphere ( figure 3 ).
- the speed of 6 m / min depends on the distance between the level of the nitriding bath and the entry into the bell; this speed can therefore be higher depending on the case: the higher the speed, the more the results will be correct.
- the whole of the parts is rinsed, which rinsing can be carried out in a water brought to a temperature of 40 to 50 ° C, then to a water brought to a temperature of the order of 20 ° vs.
- the cooling is carried out according to the prior art by soaking the parts in the water or immediately after the nitriding / nitrocarburizing treatment (impossible under industrial conditions), figure 5 after a longer or shorter period after treatment, ie 30 seconds after treatment ( figure 6 ), 60 seconds after treatment ( figure 7 ) and 120 seconds after treatment ( figure 8 ).
- the cooling with liquid nitrogen clearly shows the absence of traces of superficial oxidation and the presence of nitride precipitates, with consequently improved mechanical properties.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL12743503T PL2732066T3 (pl) | 2011-07-15 | 2012-07-12 | Sposób schładzania elementów metalowych poddanych obróbce azotowania /azotonawęglania w kąpieli ze stopioną solą, instalacja do zastosowania sposobu i obrabiane elementy metalowe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1156459A FR2977897B1 (fr) | 2011-07-15 | 2011-07-15 | Procede de refroidissement de pieces metalliques ayant subi un traitement de nitruration / nitrocarburation en bain de sel fondu, l'installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procede et les pieces metalliques traitees |
PCT/FR2012/051651 WO2013011228A1 (fr) | 2011-07-15 | 2012-07-12 | Procédé de refroidissement de pièces métalliques ayant subi un traitement de nitruration / nitrocarburation en bain de sel fondu, l'installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et les pièces métalliques traitées |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2732066A1 EP2732066A1 (fr) | 2014-05-21 |
EP2732066B1 true EP2732066B1 (fr) | 2018-11-07 |
Family
ID=46614535
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12743503.0A Active EP2732066B1 (fr) | 2011-07-15 | 2012-07-12 | Procédé de refroidissement de pièces métalliques ayant subi un traitement de nitruration / nitrocarburation en bain de sel fondu, l'installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et les pièces métalliques traitées |
Country Status (22)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9464346B2 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP2732066B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP6053777B2 (pt) |
KR (1) | KR101873367B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN103732784B (pt) |
AU (1) | AU2012285581B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR112014000933B8 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2855927C (pt) |
DK (1) | DK2732066T3 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2695975T3 (pt) |
FR (1) | FR2977897B1 (pt) |
HU (1) | HUE039994T2 (pt) |
MA (1) | MA35605B1 (pt) |
MX (1) | MX350500B (pt) |
MY (1) | MY185963A (pt) |
PL (1) | PL2732066T3 (pt) |
RU (1) | RU2596539C2 (pt) |
TN (1) | TN2014000012A1 (pt) |
TW (1) | TWI580793B (pt) |
UA (1) | UA111215C2 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2013011228A1 (pt) |
ZA (1) | ZA201400092B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101661432B1 (ko) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-10-10 | 변상덕 | 부품 냉각장치 |
WO2019006554A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Industries Mailhot Inc. | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COOLING METALLIC PARTS AFTER NITRURATION |
CN111139425A (zh) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-12 | 江苏丰东热技术有限公司 | 一种氮碳共渗方法 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN201351173Y (zh) * | 2009-01-05 | 2009-11-25 | 周磊 | 一种脉冲等离子体氮碳共渗淬火装置 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1577966A (pt) * | 1967-05-17 | 1969-08-14 | ||
SU739129A1 (ru) * | 1977-07-21 | 1980-06-05 | Предприятие П/Я А-1450 | Автоматизированна лини карбонитрации инструмента |
US4191599A (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-04 | Ford Motor Company | Method of heat treating high carbon alloy steel parts to develop surface compressive residual stresses |
US4461656A (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1984-07-24 | Ross John A | Low temperature hardening of the surface of a ferrous metal workpiece in a fluidized bed furnace |
JPH03140456A (ja) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-06-14 | Iwate Seitetsu Kk | アルカリ金属塩を含む熔融塩で処理した金属の冷却方法 |
RU2003732C1 (ru) * | 1992-09-30 | 1993-11-30 | Михаил Александрович Шелагуров | Способ обработки стальных деталей |
JP3442447B2 (ja) * | 1993-01-20 | 2003-09-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 浸炭又は浸炭窒化焼入れ方法 |
US5741372A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-04-21 | Gugel; Saveliy M. | Method of producing oxide surface layers on metals and alloys |
JP2007162136A (ja) * | 2005-12-12 | 2007-06-28 | Metaplas Ionon Oberflaechenveredelungstechnik Gmbh | 加工品表面の結合層なしのガス窒化方法及び加工品 |
-
2011
- 2011-07-15 FR FR1156459A patent/FR2977897B1/fr active Active
-
2012
- 2012-07-12 JP JP2014519612A patent/JP6053777B2/ja active Active
- 2012-07-12 CA CA2855927A patent/CA2855927C/fr active Active
- 2012-07-12 CN CN201280034860.6A patent/CN103732784B/zh active Active
- 2012-07-12 KR KR1020147000988A patent/KR101873367B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-07-12 MY MYPI2014000077A patent/MY185963A/en unknown
- 2012-07-12 HU HUE12743503A patent/HUE039994T2/hu unknown
- 2012-07-12 RU RU2014105318/02A patent/RU2596539C2/ru active
- 2012-07-12 PL PL12743503T patent/PL2732066T3/pl unknown
- 2012-07-12 WO PCT/FR2012/051651 patent/WO2013011228A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-07-12 US US14/232,690 patent/US9464346B2/en active Active
- 2012-07-12 BR BR112014000933A patent/BR112014000933B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-07-12 DK DK12743503.0T patent/DK2732066T3/en active
- 2012-07-12 EP EP12743503.0A patent/EP2732066B1/fr active Active
- 2012-07-12 ES ES12743503T patent/ES2695975T3/es active Active
- 2012-07-12 MX MX2014000607A patent/MX350500B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-07-12 AU AU2012285581A patent/AU2012285581B2/en active Active
- 2012-07-13 TW TW101125372A patent/TWI580793B/zh active
- 2012-12-07 UA UAA201401419A patent/UA111215C2/uk unknown
-
2014
- 2014-01-07 ZA ZA2014/00092A patent/ZA201400092B/en unknown
- 2014-01-09 TN TNP2014000012A patent/TN2014000012A1/fr unknown
- 2014-01-10 MA MA36664A patent/MA35605B1/fr unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN201351173Y (zh) * | 2009-01-05 | 2009-11-25 | 周磊 | 一种脉冲等离子体氮碳共渗淬火装置 |
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