Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
  • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
  • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
  • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
  • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
  • G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
  • F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
  • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
  • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
  • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
  • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
  • G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
  • G01L3/102—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means involving magnetostrictive means

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a torque sensor assembly having a non-contact torque sensor. Moreover, the invention relates to a shaft with a shaft portion having a torque sensor assembly.
• the permeability of ferromagnetic materials is influenced by mechanical stresses.
• This physical Ef fect ⁇ known as the magnetoelastic effect can be used for measuring torque in a rotating object, since a torque generated voltages in the rotating object.
• sensors There are a number of different sensors be ⁇ known that use the magnetoelastic effect to contactlessly detect torques, for example. Of waves.
• the magnetic ⁇ toelastischen sensors are characterized by high accuracy, whereby a recalibration is no more needed, such as start of reference marks.
• a magnetoelastic torque sensor which is used for measuring the torque of drive shafts, is known for example from DE 10 2009 008 074 AI.
• a measuring arrangement for detecting the torque of a shaft which includes a positioned with a predetermined gap distance from the surface of the shaft torque sensor.
• an electromagnetic coil attached ⁇ classified based on the change in the permeability in a ferromagnetic layer on the shaft or a ferromagnetic se wave with a signal change responding.
• the shaft must be subjected to torsional stresses, ie the magnetoelastic torque sensor must travel along the Shaft between a driving torque and the ent ⁇ oppositely acting reaction torque can be arranged.
• the wave formed from the ferromagnetic material is thereby part of the measuring device.
• the bearing of the ring on the shaft takes place through a bearing bush, through sliding cups or ball bearings.
• a torque sensor arrangement according to claim 1 has a non-contact torque sensor. This is arranged on an electrically operated linear slide.
• the insbeson ⁇ particular may be a shaft, also with varying object Posi ⁇ tion in a suitable for the measurement area. It is not necessary to position the torque sensor by means of a ring comprising the shaft at this. It is therefore not necessary to provide an additional ball bearing or the like on the shaft, which would lead to additional wear.
• the inventive torque ⁇ sensor arrangement further comprises a distance sensor which is net such angeord together with the torque sensor on the linear slide that it with the object of the ⁇ sen torque is to be determined, allows measuring the distance.
• a distance sensor which is net such angeord together with the torque sensor on the linear slide that it with the object of the ⁇ sen torque is to be determined, allows measuring the distance.
• a control unit which is connected to the distance sensor and for outputting a control signal to the linear slide, ei automatic start of the object is made possible with the torque sensor.
• the control unit determines thereby the Steuersig ⁇ nal based on the output from the distance sensor distance signal, wherein the control signal represents a displacement of the torque sensor by means of the electrically driven linear slide by an amount which gradually brings the torque sensor to a predetermined distance to the object.
• the distance of the torque sensor for Whether ⁇ ject during the measurement can be kept constant or intra- be kept half a predetermined distance interval.
• the control unit determines the control signal on the Ba sis the deviation of the measured by means of the distance sensor nen distance from a predetermined nominal distance.
• the control signal then represents that displacement of the Drehmo ⁇ ment sensor by means of the electrically driven Linearschlit ⁇ least, which is necessary to keep the torque sensor to target distance and to keep at a predetermined distance interval. If, in addition, from the nominal distance is mentioned, is intended to in ⁇ mer also the case of a distance interval indicating the distances to ⁇ transmitting the torque sensor to be measured from the Whether ⁇ ject to be embraced.
• the torque sensor arrangement according to the invention may also comprise a non-contact temperature sensor, which is arranged such that it allows the contactless measurement of the temperature of the Tempe ⁇ object whose torque is to be determined. Measuring the temperature is advantageous because the temperature of the object whose torque is to be measured has an influence on the measurement. The data measured by the torque sensor can therefore be corrected based on the temperature if necessary.
• a temperature sensor is, for example, an infrared sensor.
• the torque sensor may optionally be arranged together with the distance sensor and / or the temperature sensor on a further linear slide, which is slidably disposed on the electrically operated linear slide in diesel BE direction as this is.
• the further linear slide is pressed into a stop position on the electrically operated linear slide. It can be moved against the spring force from this An ⁇ impact position away. If, for example, take place due to a sudden movement of the object whose torque is to be measured ge, a contact between the sensor and the object, this further linear slide allows a deflection of the torque sensor, which in particular Damage to the object can be avoided.
• the torque sensor may optionally be associated with the distance sensor and / or optionally together with the temperature sensor, a spacer in a direction over the Torque sensor and optionally protrudes beyond the distance sensor and / or the temperature sensor, in which the object whose torque is to be determined, is to be arranged in relation to the torque ⁇ sensor.
• the spacer may be, for example, a metal ring surrounding the torque sensor, possibly together with the distance sensor and / or possibly together with the temperature sensor, whose axial direction corresponds to the direction of movement of the electrically operated linear slide.
• a housing with at least one opening for the torque sensor ⁇ and possibly an opening for the distance sensor and / or possibly an opening for the temperature sensor may be present .
• the openings for the torque sensor, the distance sensor and the temperature sensor can each be separate openings or a common opening for all sensors.
• the electrically described linear slide has a measuring position, in which the torque sensor is optionally arranged together with the distance sensor and / or the temperature sensor in the region of the opening, so that the housing does not hinder the measurement.
• the spacer can project beyond the housing when the electrically operated linear slide is in the measuring position.
• an active protection device may be present, which is connected to the distance sensor for receiving its distance signal.
• the protective device monitors the distance to the object whose torque is to be determined and be ⁇ moves the linear slide away from the object when a superiors specified minimum distance is fallen below.
• Protective device may be present as the sole protection of the object and measuring arrangement, but it may also be present in addition to the further linear slide and / or the spacer. In the latter case, the additional linear discharge and / or the spacer provide additional passive protection in the event that a movement of the shaft takes place, which is too fast for a return of the electrically operated linear slide by means of the active protection device.
• the torque sensor arrangement may be equipped with an evaluation unit which is connected to the torque sensor and the distance sensor for receiving the respective signals and determines the torque of the object whose torque is to be determined taking into account the distance from the object. Additionally or alternatively, an evaluation unit may be present, which is connected to the torque sensor and the temperature sensor for receiving the respective signals and determines the torque of the object whose torque is to be determined taking into account the temperature of the object. If both a temperature sensor and a distance sensor are provided, the evaluation unit can in particular be connected to both the temperature sensor as well as the distance sensor in order to receive the respective measuring signals and the torque taking into ⁇ actuating both of the distance and the temperature of the object to determine.
• a magnetoelastic torque sensor is suitable as a torque sensor of the torque sensor arrangement according to the invention if the object to be measured consists of a ferromagnetic material or has a ferromagnetic surface layer.
• a shaft with at least one shaft portion is provided in addition, which Wenig ⁇ least includes a torque sensor arrangement of the invention on ⁇ .
• at least two torque sensor arrangements according to the invention may be present in the shaft section. But also more than two torque sensor arrangements are possible. If at least two torque sensor arrangements are present, they can, for example, be distributed uniformly over the circumference of the object whose torque is to be determined. Distributing a plurality of Drehmomentsensoranord ⁇ voltages increases the redundancy and makes it possible to recognize early on an error in the torque detection by Ver ⁇ equal to the acquired by means of the torque sensor arrangements different torques.
• the shaft according to the invention is particularly suitable for a ⁇ set in combined cycle power plants, which are equipped with so-called Einwellenlagern.
• the steam turbine and the gas ⁇ turbine are arranged on a common shaft, which transmits the torque to the generator.
• Einwellenlagern the number of gas turbines that are arranged on a common shaft, which transmits the torque to the generator.
• the individual outputs of the steam turbine and the gas turbine are then determined by calculation using a model. The exact conditions on the steam turbine belonging to the Wellenab ⁇ sections and belonging to the gas turbine shaft sections are not yet determined directly.
• the di rect ⁇ determine the individual performances of the Dampfturbin and the gas turbine is possible, when an inventive Drehmomentsensoran ⁇ order are present in both the shaft portion of the steam turbine and in the shaft portion of the gas turbine in each case at least.
• FIG. 1 shows a torque sensor arrangement according to the invention in the rest position.
• FIG. 2 shows the torque sensor arrangement from FIG. 1 in FIG.
• FIG. 3 schematically shows the torque sensor arrangement
• Figure 1 seen from that object whose torque is to be determined.
• Figure 4 shows a combined cycle power plant with a
• Shaft comprising a plurality of inventive torque sensor ⁇ arrangements.
• FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the torque sensor arrangements in a cross section through the shaft.
• FIGS. 1 to 3 An embodiment of an inventive torque ⁇ sensor arrangement will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 While Figure 1 shows the Drehmomentsensoranord ⁇ voltage in the rest position, Figure 2 shows the arrangement in the measuring position. Figure 3 shows a view of the sensor arrangement from the direction of the object whose torque is to be ermit ⁇ telt.
• the torque sensor arrangement according to the invention comprises a torque sensor 1, which in the present exemplary embodiment is a magneto-elastic torque sensor.
• a torque sensor 1 which in the present exemplary embodiment is a magneto-elastic torque sensor.
• a torque sensor 1 is a magneto-elastic torque sensor.
• a magneto-elastic torque sensor Such is based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect, ie the effect that ferromagnetic materials change in the magnetic susceptibility when subjected to mechanical stresses. Since mechanical stresses are apart by tensile forces and compressive forces induced by torsion, the inverse magnetostrictive effect to Drehmo ⁇ ment measurement can be used to non-contact measuring torques of rotating objects that have at least one ferromagnetic surfaces ⁇ layer.
• the torque sensor 1 is connected to an evaluation unit 3, which receives the signals detected by the magnetoelastic torque sensor 1 and with respect to the torque of the object, in the present embodiment, a shaft 5, which consists in the present embodiment of a ferromagnetic material determined. Since the inverse magnetostrictive effect also depends on the distance of the sensor 1 from the object 5 and on its temperature, the torque sensor arrangement also comprises a distance sensor 7 and a temperature sensor 9 (see FIG. 3) which perform a non-contact distance measurement or temperature measurement.
• the non-contact distance measurement can be based, for example, on running time measurements or phase angle measurements by means of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves,
• a pyrometer can be used for non-contact temperature measurement.
• the evaluation unit 3 is connected in addition to the torque sensor 1 with the distance sensor 7 and the temperature sensor 9 for receiving the corresponding measurement signals. This allows the determination of the torque based on the current exhaust stands of the torque sensor 1 of the object 5 and the ak ⁇ tual temperature of the object can be determined. If si ⁇ can be chergan that a variation in the distance does not take place or takes place only within limits that can be tolerated within the scope of measuring accuracy, can be dispensed taken into ⁇ account the distance in the evaluation of the torque sensor 1 signal. Accordingly, the measurement of the temperature can be dispensed with if the temperature is sufficiently constant so as not to falsify the measurement beyond the required accuracy.
• the respectively existing sensors that is to say at least the torque sensor 1 and, in the present exemplary embodiment, also the distance sensor 7 and the temperature sensor 9, are arranged on a holder 11 in a fixed spatial relationship to one another.
• the holder 11 with the sensors 1, 7, 9 is mounted on an electrically operated linear slide 13. This serves to position the sensors in front of the object 5 with the aid of the distance sensor 7 and a control loop.
• the control loop comprises a control unit 15 and an adder 17, which is connected to the distance sensor 7 for receiving the distance signal.
• the adder has an inverting input to which the distance signal is applied and a noninverting input to which a desired signal representing the desired distance is applied.
• the difference between the desired signal and the distance signal is then forwarded to the control unit 15, which generates a control signal for the electrically operated linear slide 13 on the basis of this difference, which represents the displacement which is necessary to move the torque sensor 1 with the sensors to the desired distance to bring or keep on this.
• an active protection function is also implemented in the control unit 15, so that it also serves as an active protection device.
• This protective function monitors the current distance from the object 5 and pulls the electrically operated linear slide 13 back quickly from the working position shown in Figure 2, when a minimum safety distance is reached or exceeded. Such reaching or falling below the minimum safety distance is 5 occurring th. For example, swimming in the start-up operation of a combined cycle power plant, the shaft by the oil pressure on ⁇ what may trigger such movements with movements of the object.
• the holder 11 with the sensors 1, 7 and 9 is arranged in the present embodiment, not directly on the electrically be ⁇ driven linear slide 11, but on a sprung carriage 19 which is pressed by a spring 21 in a front stop position of the electrically operated linear carriage 13 , as shown in Figures 1 and 2. It can be pressed against the spring force of the spring 21 from this front stop position when a force F (see arrow in FIG. 2) determined by the spring constant of the spring 21 acts on the holder 11 with the sensors 1, 7, 9.
• This suspension carriage 19 thus performs a passive protective function, since it in case of contact ei ⁇ nes sensor with the object 5 yields so major damage prevented if the acti ⁇ ve protection device described in the previous paragraph is not able to fast enough to react, which, for example, in the case of an electrically operated linear slide 13 to rapid approach of the object 5 to the torque sensor 1 is possible.
• Sensoran ⁇ order comprises a protective ring which is arranged to surround the torque sensor 1 on the holder. 11
• the guard ring is as ⁇ in over the front end of the torque sensor 1 before, so that in the event of contact with the object 5 whose torque is to be determined, the torque sensor 1 is protected from damage.
• the combination of all three safety functions provides good protection for both the object 5 and the torque sensor 1 in the event of inadvertent contact. If the distance sensor 7 or the temperature sensor 9 protrude as far beyond the holder as the torque sensor 1, These sensors can also be provided with such a protection ring. In general, however, it is sufficient if the sensor is provided with a guard ring which comes closest to the object 5 during operation of the torque sensor arrangement.
• the holder 11 with the sensors 1, 7, 9, the electrically operated linear slide 13 and the spring-loaded Linearschlit ⁇ th 19 are arranged in a housing 25 which protects these elements from environmental influences.
• the evaluation ⁇ unit 3 and the control circuit are arranged in this housing.
• the housing 25 is seated ⁇ openings 43, 45, 47, the passage of a respective sensor or a direct view of the object 5 made ⁇ union.
• the sensors 1, 7, 9 is positioned with the help of the electrically driven linear slide and the distance ⁇ sensor 7 and the control circuit in a desired distance in front of the object. 5
• the data from the sensors are captured and converted to the desired file format using appropriate conversion algorithms. Since the measured values of the magnetoelasti ⁇ rule torque sensor 1 before the temperature of the object 5 and the distance of the torque sensor 1 of the object 5 hang off, in the present embodiment, the temperature and the distance in the evaluation algorithm of the Ausenseein ⁇ unit 3 will be considered.
• the distance with the help of the electrically driven linear slide 13 is adjusted and maintained constant, but it is additionally algorithm included in Ausirealgo- what eg.
• the data for the correction of the signals supplied by the torque sensor 1 can be obtained from a one-time calibration after installation of the sensor arrangement. If the object 5 changes position during the torque measurement , this can therefore be compensated for small movements solely by the algorithm. For larger movements of the object 5, a readjustment with the aid of the electrically operated linear slide 13 he follow ⁇ .
• the evaluation unit 13 can be arranged in deviation from the illustrated in FIGS 1 through 3 embodiment outside the housing 25, for example in a Indust ⁇ rierechner.
• the sensor arrangement is equipped with a data acquisition module, which analog Sensorsig ⁇ dimensional digitized and to a remotely located ⁇ movement of such data processing module, for example a disposed in the industrial controller data processing module passes.
• the data ⁇ processing module can thereby be realized Siert as hardware or software.
• the data are evaluated with the appropriate algorithms and the results sent to the control room.
• the control loop for controlling the electrically driven linear slide 13 and / or the active safety can also be integrated standardized function. This embodiment is particularly appropriate when the housing 25 of the Drehmo ⁇ ment sensor arrangement to include only the most necessary elements or when a centralization of the evaluation and the control of the electrically driven linear slide 13 is intended to follow ER.
• FIG. 4 show a combined gas and steam turbine power plant, which is constructed according to the single-shaft system concept.
• Gas turbine 27 are arranged on a common shaft 5.
• the gas turbine 27 is driven by means of the combustion gases of a combusted in a combustion chamber 39 air-fuel mixture, the steam turbine by means of steam, which is generated in a steam generator 41 with the aid of the waste heat of Gasturbi ⁇ ne 27.
• it is useful for Opti ⁇ tion of the operation, each to know the individual performance of the steam and gas turbines. So far determined these achievements from the generator achievement and a model. The exact conditions at the individual shaft sections are not yet known.
• torque sensor arrangements shown only in FIGS. 4 and 5 with their housing 25
• torque sensor arrangements are arranged at different sections of the shaft 5, as shown in FIG.
• locations of the torque sensor arrangements shown in the figure examples of possible positions In particular, does not need to be present at each of the ge Service ⁇ th places a torque sensor assembly 25.
• locations torque sensor arrangements 25 are present As a rule, depends on which Wellenab ⁇ cut information about the torque to be detected.
• a single torque sensor arrangement 25 is present at a section of the shaft 5.
• the torque ⁇ sensor assemblies 25 are not on a common line through the shaft center. Although they need not be arranged at an angle of 90 ° to each other, but this is an advantageous arrangement when two-dimensional vibra ⁇ tion pattern to be determined.
• the housing 25 has three separate openings 43, 45, 47 for the torque sensor 1, the distance sensor 7 and the temperature sensor 9.
• the respective opening may also be closed with a plate permeable to electromagnetic waves in the frequency range used by the sensor.
• the guard ring around all three sensors around may extend, in particular, when the distance sensor 7 and the temperature sensor 9 upstream are the same distance via the holder 11, as the torque sensor 1.
• a protective ring 23 instead of a protective ring 23 merely provide a spacer, for example in the form of a pin, a partial ring or any other suitable geometric shape. In this case, it is merely necessary to ensure that, in the case of too great an approximation between the object whose torque is to be determined and the torque sensor arrangement, the spacer first comes into contact with the object.
• the stability and shape of the ex ⁇ stand holder should ensure that this measure does not break off in the event of bankruptcy and the object as possible Do not damage ⁇ damaged.
• the wave does not necessarily have to be a shaft of a gas and steam turbine power plant. If the shaft is part of a gas and steam turbine power plant, the number of turbines in the steam area of the power plant may be different than shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. As well it is not necessary that the shaft is made entirely of ferromagnetic material. It is sufficient if it has a ferromagnetic surface layer in the measuring range. In addition, it is also possible to arrange different torque sensor arrangements in the axial direction of the shaft 5 next to one another as an alternative or in addition to the redundant torque sensor arrangements arranged around the circumference.
• the generator may be arranged between the gas turbine and the steam turbines, in which case a coupling may also be present between the generator and the steam turbines.
• the present invention enables a simple installation and largely trouble-free operation of a torque ⁇ sensor, for example, to measure torques in shaft sections of the shaft of a combined cycle power plant with Einwellenlagen conception.
• This is achieved by the arrangement of the sensors on an electrically operated linear slide, with the aid of which the sensors on the shaft can be positio ⁇ ned and retracts the sensors when not in use or fault for protection in a housing.
• the design also includes a spring-loaded mechanism that picks up unexpected jolts from the shaft to the sensor. If this happens, a metal ring or other suitable spacer will at least protect the torque sensor from damage by intercepting the shock.

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• 2011
  • 2011-05-06 DE DE102011075400A patent/DE102011075400A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-04-10 WO PCT/EP2012/056448 patent/WO2012152515A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2012-04-10 US US14/115,203 patent/US9217682B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-04-10 JP JP2014508727A patent/JP5813213B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-04-10 EP EP12714671.0A patent/EP2684017A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-04-10 CN CN201280022047.7A patent/CN103502784B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-04-10 RU RU2013150507/28A patent/RU2563604C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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