EP2679889B1 - Illumination device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a lighting device with a reflector panel, on which a faceted reflector surface structure is provided, which radiates at a slantingly oblique irradiation by at least one light source directed in a common preferred direction and comprises a plurality of reflector surface pieces.

The lighting technology has always been confronted with the problem that in the room not only sufficient (and prescribed by the standards) horizontal illuminance generated, but also vertical illuminance should be generated. This would be optimal if the light sources (lights) would also radiate horizontally, but it is contrary to the fact that the horizontal direction is also the preferred viewing direction of the people in the room, i. that horizontal radiation would produce strong (and inadmissible) glare. So the question is, how can you beam horizontally to create a high vertical illuminance without dazzling the people who are looking in that direction? To put it simply, how can people be shined face to face without dazzling them?

The font DE 297 24 321 U1 describes a rubbing obliquely irradiated reflector panel whose reflector surface structure is linear and transverse to the direction of irradiation extending, in particular sawtooth profiled grooves, at the flanks of which the sliding incident on the reflector panel light is deflected and emitted by the panel transversely. However, this reflector structure produces a little dynamic, rather dull radiation, the optical effect of both the room and light atmosphere generated, as well as the technical function of the room brightening, can be improved.

Furthermore, the writing describes DE 30 27 400 a ceiling panel, in which pyramidal reflector contours are embossed, to illuminate horizontal work surfaces such as a table largely shadeless from above to be able to. However, this prior art lighting device does not provide high vertical illuminance levels. On the other hand, light rays are radiated in the most different directions by the crowning of the reflector surface pieces and causes a relatively strong expansion of the reflected light, which is accompanied by relatively strong glare effects.

The font DE 10 2006 013 856 A1 describes a lighting device for producing soft and directed light, in which a reflector panel with faceted reflector scales is frontally irradiated by a light source. The reflector flakes should have different angles of incidence in order to realize a main emission direction, and on the other hand be slightly convex in order to achieve a certain light scattering. Furthermore, the describes US 2008/0151569 A1 a lighting installation with a wire frame, for example in the form of a reindeer or a snowman, wherein LEDs are attached to the frame, wherein by means of a Faserbesatzes a fur-like appearance should be generated.

The font WO 2009/007927 describes a desk lighting in which a ceiling panel is tilted to guide horizontally under the ceiling light directed down to the desk. The ceiling panel may have pyramidal facets to obtain a more uniform light distribution.

Generic illumination devices may in particular comprise large-area, preferably substantially planar reflector panels, wherein the many small reflector surface pieces of the reflector surface structure may be substantially planar and may face the light source at substantially equal angles of incidence to produce a plurality of light flashes or beams in a common preferred direction radiate. Such lighting devices, in which reflector panels form, so to speak, luminous walls, are sometimes difficult with regard to their effect on the room ambience. Through the reflections and reflections radiate such large reflector panels Atmospheric a certain coolness and hardness, which is sometimes undesirable, especially in residential applications. The reflector panels unfold this effect even from viewing positions in which the mentioned vertical illuminance levels are not needed. It would be desirable to be able to control or vary the quality of the light emission through the reflector panel, in particular to be able to achieve different optical effects in different spatial regions.

On this basis, the present invention seeks to provide an improved lighting device of the type mentioned above, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and further develops the latter in an advantageous manner. In particular, it should be possible with simple means to vary the atmospheric effect of the reflector panel or adjust individually for different spatial areas and to control the light caused by the reflector panel light propagation. It would be further desirable if the irradiated reflector surface pieces in at least a part of the illuminated space cause a sufficiently high vertical illuminance without dazzling people in the room, and achieve a clear room illumination with brilliant light with sparkling ambience for moving viewers.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a lighting device according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In order to achieve a softer, nevertheless bright appearance of the reflector panel in areas of the room to be illuminated, which are not facing the reflector panel, according to the invention a light-scattering surface structure is applied to said reflector surface structure such that a plurality of partial surfaces of the reflector surface structure are exposed and are uncovered by the light-scattering surface structure, with a plurality of partial surfaces of the reflector surface structure, the light scattering from the surface structure are covered, alternate. The visible surface of the grinding surface which can be obliquely irradiated can be composed of directionally reflecting reflector surface pieces and scattering light-scattering pieces, so that the obliquely inclined irradiation is converted into a mixture of directionally reflected light and scattered light or such a mixture is emitted from the panel. By controlling the ratio of stray light component to specularly reflected light component, the coolness or softness of the light can be controlled in the desired manner.

Said light-scattering surface structure, which is pre-faded in the reflector surface structure, consists of a textile structure which can be applied directly in front of the reflector surface structure or applied directly to the reflector surface structure. The textile structure may in this case be in the form of a woven fabric or a knit or fiber braid, for example in the manner of felt, or at least partially consist of a textile flocking, which may be applied to the reflector surface structure or arranged in front of a carrier, for example in the form of a film. In particular, such a velvety and / or a fleece-forming textile flocking can combine the desired light-scattering effect with a heat making the room atmosphere homely and control the quality of the light emitted from the panel in different areas of the illuminated space differently, in particular to that of a frontal view the panel is perceived brilliant light, while from oblique viewing directions on the panel from a textile, fabric-like appearance of the panel is achieved.

The textile structure may be formed like a grid in the invention, in particular form a lattice-shaped structure, the light-scattering material along intersecting lines, between which reflector surface pieces are exposed or are not covered with light-scattering material. Alternatively or additionally, the textile structure, for example when formed in the form of a flock, also realize non-linear structures, for example in the form of clouds arranged scattering material stains or floral or ornamental patterns of grit-free areas and scattering material areas.

In this case, said textile structure is raised and / or projecting from the reflector surface structure. Due to the grandeur of the total considered holey and / or net stocking and / or provided with a recess pattern scattering different light propagation can be achieved on the one hand in different areas, especially for different directions from different areas of the illuminated space, in particular to the effect that in oblique directions on the Panel is perceived scattering light propagation, while with a frontal view of the panel brilliance mediating light flashes are perceptible. In particular, however, the quality of the light emitted by the panel can be switched from more scattering light to more brilliant light or the ratio of scattered light to brilliant or directionally reflected light can be adjusted by the above-mentioned grandeur.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lighting device may comprise a plurality of light sources and / or have a position adjustable light source and / or be provided relative to the light source adjustable mounting of the reflector panel, so that the reflector panel is slidably obliquely irradiated at different angles of incidence. Due to the grandeur of the light-scattering surface structure, in particular textile structure can be achieved by an increasingly flatter light incidence ever stronger light scattering effect or light scattering radiation characteristic, while more light passes through a less flat irradiation of the panel on the exposed reflector surface pieces and thus the proportion of the directed reflected light can be increased. Alternatively or in addition to such a change of the angle of incidence of the light thrown on the panel from the light source, the ratio of scattered light to directed reflected light can also be adjusted by changing the spacing of the light scattering surface pieces and / or the size of their sublimity, ie, the protruding height. For example, in a given irradiation situation by the built-in spotlights on the ceiling, which have a predetermined distance from the wall to be illuminated and the reflector panel to be attached, the height or grandeur of the textile structure or the Textilbesatzflächenstücke increased, the light scattering effect is increased, which alternatively or additionally by a denser, ie with a smaller distance from each other formed occupation of light-scattering material can be achieved, for example by a smaller mesh size in a lattice-like textile structure.

Alternatively, or in addition to changing the said geometry sizes, the ratio of scattered light to directionally reflected light can also be influenced by using an at least partially transparent or partially transparent scattering material, for example in the form of partially transparent threads or another partially transparent textile material which the light irradiation, a part of the incident light, for example. Due to pores or gaps in the material or thin fibers can pass, so that this passing through the textile light component falls on the underlying reflector surface and is reflected by this reflected. As a result, by changing the degree of partial transparency of the scattering material, the proportion of stray light to directed reflected light can be controlled. For example. A partially transparent material used can be doubled up in order to reduce its degree of transparency and allow less light to pass through.

In order to be able to adjust the desired ratio of scattered light to directed reflected light in a simple manner, at least two light sources can be provided, through which the reflector surface and textile structure are each grinding obliquely, but irradiated at different angles of incidence, the at least two light sources a control device for Switching on and off, preferably also associated with dimming of at least one of the two light sources. By such a control device, it can be easily adjusted whether the reflector surface and scattering surface structure is stronger under a shallower irradiation angle or more under a less flat angle of incidence In turn, the ratio of scattered light to directionally reflected light can be adjusted in the desired manner.

The said light sources can in this case be arranged on the same side or on the same edge of the reflector panel, for example in two tracks or rows, which are at different distances from the plane of the reflector panel. Alternatively or additionally, however, light sources may also be provided on different sides, for example at the top and bottom or right and left, which allow irradiation of the structure surface at a shallower or less flat angle of incidence in order to change the ratio of scattered light to brilliant light, wherein upon irradiation from different sides the spacing transverse to the plane of the surface structure may possibly also be the same, wherein nevertheless different ratios of scattered light to brilliant light can be achieved if the scattering structure is formed differently geometrically on different sides, for example in the aforementioned manner different Superb grades or spacings has, for example, such that a mesh size in the vertical direction is greater than a mesh size in the horizontal direction, so that then when scattered in the horizontal direction more stray light is generated than at B Eradiation in the vertical direction, since the smaller mesh size in the horizontal direction less light falls on the exposed reflector surface pieces.

wobei α_Grenz ≥ π/3 ist. Die Licht streuende bzw. textile Oberflächenstruktur ist also vorteilhafterweise derart ausgebildet, dass die Streumaterialabschnitte bei Blickrichtungen und/oder Lichteinfallswinkeln von weniger als etwa 30° zur Fläche der Oberflächenstruktur nur noch die Streumaterialstruktur sichtbar ist bzw. die Bestrahlung vollständig auf das streuende Material fällt. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt ist die streuende bzw. textile Struktur derart beschaffen, dass bei flacher Betrachtung unter einem Winkel von weniger als 30° ein vollständig textiles Erscheinungsbild gewährleistet ist bzw. bei Bestrahlung unter einem schleifenden Winkel von weniger als 30° eine vollständig streuende Lichtabgabe erreichbar ist. Der genannte Grenzwinkel kann vorteilhafterweise auch kleiner als 30°, beispielsweise 10° oder 15° gewählt sein.In an advantageous development of the invention, the scattering surface sections of the light-scattering surface structure can have a highness H, ie a projecting height from the reflector surface structure, and a distance d from one another, which satisfy the following relationship: $${\mathrm{\alpha }}_{\mathrm{border}}=\mathrm{arctan\; d}/\mathrm{H}$$

where α _limit ≥ π / 3. The light-scattering or textile surface structure is thus advantageously designed such that the scattering material sections at viewing directions and / or light incidence angles of less than about 30 ° to the surface of the surface structure only the scattering material structure is visible or the irradiation completely falls on the scattering material. In other words, the scattering or textile structure is such that when viewed at an angle of less than 30 ° flat a completely textile appearance is guaranteed or when irradiated at a grinding angle of less than 30 °, a completely scattering light output achievable is. Said critical angle can advantageously also be less than 30 °, for example 10 ° or 15 °.

In particular, the at least one light source can be arranged outside the reflector surface piece field or outside the area occupied by the reflector surface pieces, in particular outside the wall portion in which the reflector surface pieces are provided. When viewed in a direction approximately perpendicular to the surface occupied by the reflector surface pieces, the at least one light source can be positioned adjacent to or outside the area occupied by the reflector surface pieces, wherein at least one light source above and / or at least one light source below and / or at least one light source side, i. right and / or left, can be provided next to the area occupied by the reflector surface pieces. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a light source can be arranged in particular above the area occupied by the reflector surface pieces, said light source can advantageously consist of a plurality of punctiform light sources in the aforementioned manner, which can be advantageously arranged in one or more rows.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one light source is designed such that the light generated by the light source is thrown targeted in a direction substantially only on the Reflektorflächen- and / or scattering material structure and experiences only a limited light expansion. The emitted from the at least one light beam, which may be a uniform circular cone, but also an irregular, club-shaped or truncated pyramid Light funnel may, in particular, have a widening angle of less than 25 °.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the surface provided with the reflector surface pieces can be illuminated only from one side, in particular, with an upright arrangement of the structure surface, from an upper side.

The reflector surface pieces can advantageously be made relatively small, preferably have a maximum diameter of less than 20 mm, more preferably less than 10 mm. The arrangement density of the reflector surface pieces and their positioning relative to each other here may be chosen differently, but is advantageously relatively high or chosen such that no larger blind surfaces or ineffective surface pieces are given. In a further development of the invention, when the reflector surface piece arrangement is viewed from the light source or viewed from the light source, more than 2/3, more preferably more than 3/4, of the visible, ie. be projected in the said direction projected surface covered with reflector surface pieces. The reflector surface pieces may in this case be arranged in a varying, repeating pattern or else in an irregular, cloud-like distribution, wherein advantageously the reflector surface pieces are offset from one another in such a way that they are not in the shadow of other reflector surface pieces if the irradiation is carried out in the aforementioned manner under shallow angles of incidence becomes. In particular, the reflector surface pieces can be arranged offset in successive transverse arrangements from the light source such that a reflector surface piece is arranged in the row further spaced from the light source between two reflector surface pieces of the adjacent row closer to the light source.

In order to radiate from the reflector surface structure or their non-littered areas brilliant light with sufficiently high luminance targeted in the room to be illuminated, it is proposed to dissolve the reflector surface structure in highly reflective reflector surface pieces, although under approximate the same angles of attack are aligned to the at least one light source and thereby substantially planar, but vary from each other in terms of their geometry and arrangement, in particular size and positioning. In particular, the reflector surface structure comprises alternately smaller and larger reflector surface pieces, which are arranged alternately closer and farther away from the at least one light source and form a non-linear reflector structure. In particular, the reflector surface pieces may be arranged alternately less far and further and / or alternately spaced toward different sides, for example with their respective ones, with respect to imaginary lines which lie in the plane defined by the reflector surface structure and extend perpendicular to the radiation coming from the light source Centroid so that the linearity of the array is resolved at least with respect to said imaginary line. Alternatively or additionally, such a shifting offset may also be provided with respect to an imaginary line lying in the plane subtended by the main irradiation direction and the main reflection direction and in the plane defined by the reflector surface structure. By such a dancing arrangement of reflector surfaces of different sizes, a high dynamic of the lighting situation can be achieved and glare effects can nevertheless be largely avoided.

This approach is based on the idea that high vertical illuminance with horizontal beams, without dazzling the people looking in that direction, can be achieved inter alia by using very high luminance (L> 10 million cd / m ² ) in a very small solid angle range (solid angle Ω <0.05 steradian, preferably even less than 0.01 steradian) in such a way that the observer perceives a changing, dynamic glitter point field during slight spatial movements (eg change of head position) , If the eye moves relative to the panel, then the individual reflector surfaces 'blink' alternately for a short time in the manner of points. To prevent dazzling or disturbance or impairment of the visual performance due to this frontal horizontal radiation, It is envisaged that these glittering point or reflector surface pieces do not exceed a certain size and have a certain minimum distance. In addition, this dynamic ('flashing') is achieved by the narrow radiation of the individual light points or reflector surface pieces for the moving observer.

If one comparatively only increase the light intensity of the light source illuminating the reflector surface pieces, the same effect would not be achieved, but rather the glare effect would be increased. The reflective surface of the planar reflector surface pieces allows the reflector surface pieces targeted light in one direction, so that not only the lighting effect itself and the brightness achieved in the room is significantly increased, but increased in the illuminated room people the impression of the sparkling reflector surface pieces many times becomes. In this case, the lighting situation obtains a high degree of dynamics, since a person moving in the illuminated space repeatedly encounters light flashes from other reflector surface pieces with even slight movement relative to the reflector surface piece structure, so that the sparkling of the reflector surface pieces moves dynamically over the surface of the reflector surface piece wall.

However, the lighting device according to the invention is not limited to achieving high vertical illuminance levels, although this is a particularly advantageous aspect. However, the reflector panel does not have to be used in upright installation situations, which bring the mentioned vertical illuminances, but can also be used in other applications, for example as a large ceiling panel whose Hauptabstrahlrichtung goes down, or in the form of uniaxial or multiaxial arched panels , which illuminate a certain area of space, for example in the form of an arcuate column facing or in the form of a meandering room divider or a Freiformflächenpaneels.

In order to further enhance the radiation of the light reflected by the reflector panel, in a development of the invention, a scattering of the angle of attack of the reflector surface pieces facing the at least one light source can also be provided be. In particular, the angles of incidence of the reflector surface pieces facing the light source can be scattered by a preferred direction or a preferred angle of attack in a range of +/- 5 °, wherein said scattering is advantageously measured in a plane passing through the main direction of the abrasive oblique irradiation of the reflector panel On the one hand and the main or preferred direction of the radiated light from the reflector panel on the other hand is defined. As an alternative or in addition, the reflector surfaces mentioned may not only vary in terms of the angle of attack in said plane, but also alternately be tilted less and more and / or to different sides transversely thereto. If the reflector panel is used, for example, as a wall cladding or used in a vertical orientation and obliquely rubbed from above, the reflector surface pieces facing upwards to the light source can scatter on the one hand with respect to the steepness of their inclination so that light thrown into the room by different reflector surface pieces does not exactly horizontally but once slightly down and another time down a bit more, and another time exactly horizontally. On the other hand, in the said application example, the said reflector surface pieces can also be tilted slightly to the left and right, so that light rays reflected by different reflector surface pieces are directed once slightly to the left and slightly to the right, and / or once more and once less to the right or once more and less inclined to the left.

In a further development of the invention, said non-linear reflector surface structure may be formed by pyramidal projections having alternately larger and smaller, preferably polygonal-regular, in particular square bases and / or alternately have greater and smaller heights and / or alternately different degrees of skew or may have, for example, such that the tip of the respective pyramids is not always located exactly above the center of the base, but is in view of many pyramids alternately in one or the other direction and / or alternately highly eccentric.

By such a pyramid-shaped reflector surface structure can advantageously be a grinding obliquely irradiation from different sides or edges of the respective Reflektorflächenpaneels forth and different flanks of the reflector projections are used, especially from opposite sides, depending on the design of the pyramid geometry and arrangement of the light sources at the various Edges, in particular their spacing from the panel level, optionally a radiation in the same preferred direction or a radiation in different preferred directions can be achieved. If, for example, the pyramidal reflector surface structure of an upright reflector panel is irradiated at an angle obliquely from above and from below, and the pyramidal projections are not skewed, i. If the pyramid flanks pointing upwards and downwards have the same angle of attack, both the light coming from below and the one from above can be radiated obliquely in the same preferred direction, in particular horizontally, whereby the achievable vertical illuminance can be significantly increased , In the case of the described application, however, crooked pyramids are used in such a way that the pyramid flanks facing the upper light source have a different angle of incidence from the pyramid flanks facing the upper light source, alternately switching the upper or lower light source on and off can produce a different preferred direction directed radiated, reflected light can be achieved. Similarly, in the case of a pyramidal reflector surface structure, alternatively or additionally, slanted oblique irradiations from the sides, i. be provided from the right or left and possibly superimposed or supplemented with the radiation characteristics of the obliquely abrasive irradiation from above or below.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the pyramid-shaped projections of the reflector surface structure are placed against one another substantially without gaps, so that there are no intermediate surface pieces or recesses between the pyramid edges of adjacent pyramids, for example in the sense of a plane depression result. In this way, a dense packing of the reflector surface pieces can be achieved, whereby the reflective surface portion of the reflector panel is relatively high in abrasive grinding oblique and the lighting device achieves high efficiency.

In a further development of the invention may also be provided with respect to the reflector pyramids that the pyramidal reflector projections have rectangular bases and are facing with their longer sides of at least one light source. The pyramids can be spaced apart or spaced apart. In particular, the light irradiation can only be on the long sides, ie, for example, from left or right. The angles of the four flanks can remain unchanged as with square plans, so that there is a hipped roof-shaped structure of the pyramids.

Alternatively or additionally, the pyramidal reflector projections can be tilted to different sides and / or arranged with their base surfaces alternately twisted in different directions on the base surface.

Further, the tips of the pyramids may be flattened or dented or concave faceted. This structure can be illuminated from all four sides to ensure full functionality.

• Die Reflektorflächenstruktur wird von der Prägung eines Metallblechs gebildet, dessen Oberfläche hochreflektierend ausgebildet ist,
• die Metallblechprägung bildet abwechselnd größere und kleinere, jeweils pyramidenförmige Reflektorvorsprünge, die im Wesentlichen abstandsfrei aneinandergesetzt sind,
• die Beleuchtungsvorrichtung bildet ein Raum- oder Möbelwandpaneel,
• die Lichtquelle bestrahlt die Reflektorstrukturen von vorne,
• ein substantieller Teil des auf die Reflektorstruktur geworfenen Lichts wird gerichtet und mit begrenzter Varianz um eine Vorzugsrichtung reflektiert.

In particular, with regard to the reflector structure, the lighting device is characterized by at least one of the following aspects:

• The reflector surface structure is formed by the embossing of a metal sheet whose surface is highly reflective,
• the metal sheet embossing alternately forms larger and smaller, in each case pyramid-shaped, reflector projections which are placed against one another substantially without spacing,
• the lighting device forms a room or furniture wall panel,
• the light source irradiates the reflector structures from the front,
• a substantial portion of the light cast onto the reflector structure is directed and reflected with limited variance about a preferred direction.

The reflector surface panel can in this case basically be designed differently, for example in such a way that reflector flakes, which may be formed, for example, by the flanks of attached reflector pyramid elements, are applied scattered on a carrier material. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, however, the reflector surface pieces are integrally formed integrally on the panel body itself, in particular in the form of embossing a metal sheet, in particular aluminum sheet whose surface is formed at least partially highly reflective, in particular in the reflector surface pieces. The reflector surface pieces are advantageously formed by the space to be illuminated or the at least one light source facing surface of the reflector panel, which is advantageously highly reflective, for example, formed mirrored. As an alternative to such a relief-embossed sheet metal, however, other panels or materials can be used, for example, thin plastic panels, which are contoured in a corresponding manner and can be coated on the surface side highly reflective. Depending on the intended use, the reflector panel may in principle also be provided on the rear side with further functional layers, for example a thermal and / or acoustic insulating layer, for example in the form of a foam-backed or otherwise applied foam board.

The reflector panel can in principle be used in various ways in various applications, in particular as a room and / or furniture design element, for example in the form of a wall and / or ceiling and / or floor covering and / or as Möbelpaneelwand, for example in the form of a wall unit.

In order to emit brilliant light, the reflector surface pieces are advantageously designed and / or arranged in cooperation with the light source such that the light rays emitted by the reflector surface pieces have an opening angle of less than 5 °, preferably of at most 1.5 °, so that the radiated Light rays as light that comes from one direction, is perceived and gives appropriate brilliance.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, punctiform light sources, for example in the form of LEDs, are used to irradiate the reflector surface pieces, whereby a significantly higher brilliance or even brilliance of the light emitted by the reflector surface pieces can be achieved compared to non-point light sources such as fluorescent tubes. The said point-shaped light sources can in this case be arranged side by side in one or more rows, which runs essentially parallel to the surface of the reflector surface structure, wherein the point-shaped light sources are evenly distributed along the row or even in clouds or grouped assemblages, which then together Form a series, can be arranged. If the reflector surface structure is mounted on a wall, the point-shaped light sources can be arranged in a row or in several rows parallel to the wall on the ceiling or on the floor or an adjacent wall, or on corresponding holding devices which run parallel to the wall. In particular, at least one row of point light sources may be arranged on the ceiling when the reflector patch panel is mounted as a wall panel or cover.

Advantageously, the light sources are in this case arranged relative to the reflector surface field such that the irradiation of the reflector surface field takes place at a very shallow angle, which is preferably less than 30 ° to the surface in which the reflector surface pieces are arranged. By such a flat, abrasive irradiation of the reflector surface piece wall stronger scattering and dispersion effects can be avoided and the reflector surface pieces be brilliantly lit up. The reflector surface structure forms a luminaire which can emit brilliant light with a large variety of punctiform radiation sources and in the space to be illuminated creates high illuminance in planes parallel to the plane of the reflector panel and forms many glitter spots without glare.

In a further development of the invention, the reflector surface pieces form means for light point separation. At each reference point of the surface to be illuminated (for example, a point in the face of a person to be illuminated or a surface point of an object to be illuminated located in the space to be illuminated by the panel), light from luminous surfaces of the reflector patch assembly that meets are individually and separately perceptible and do not exceed a certain size. By such a light point decomposition ensures that the glare of the light in all directions, but especially in the radiation area and viewing directions against the main radiation axis, is greatly reduced.

In particular, it can be provided that each reference point of the surface to be illuminated is illuminated by at least 25, preferably at least 50 and advantageously more than 100 separately perceptible light points.

• Die "Licht streuende Oberflächenstruktur" ist eine Textilstruktur (Gewebe, Gewirk, Fasergeflecht oder Beflockung), die gegenüber der Reflektorflächenstruktur erhaben ausgebildet ist,
• die Lichtquelle bestrahlt die Reflektor- und Textilstrukturen von vorne, so dass ein Teil der Reflektorstruktur im Schatten der Textilstruktur liegt,
• ein substantieller Teil des auf die Reflektor- und Textilstruktur geworfenen Lichts wird gerichtet und mit begrenzter Varianz um eine Vorzugsrichtung reflektiert,
• die Beleuchtungsvorrichtung bildet ein Raum- oder Möbelwandpaneel.

In particular, the lighting device is advantageously characterized by at least one of the following aspects:

• The "light-scattering surface structure" is a textile structure (woven fabric, knitted fabric, fiber braid or flocking) that is raised in relation to the reflector surface structure,
• the light source irradiates the reflector and textile structures from the front so that part of the reflector structure lies in the shadow of the textile structure,
• a substantial portion of the light cast onto the reflector and textile structure is directed and reflected with limited variance about a preferential direction,
• the lighting device forms a room or furniture wall panel.

Fig. 1:

eine schematische, perspektivische Ansicht der Beleuchtungsvorrichtung nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung, die die Anordnung des Reflektorpaneels an einer vertikalen Wand und die diesem zugeordnete, mehreren Anordnungen von LED-Strahlern an der Decke, einer Seitenwand und einem Boden zeigt,

Fig. 2:

eine schematische Seitenansicht der Beleuchtungsvorrichtung aus Fig. 1 parallel zu der Ebene des Reflektorpaneels, welches die Reflektorflächenstruktur aufweist, so dass die Ansicht die geometrische Anordnung der Lichtquellen relativ zur Positionierung der Reflektorflächenstruktur und die Strahlengänge der schleifend schrägen Bestrahlung und des reflektierten Lichts zeigt,

Fig. 3:

eine schematische Darstellung der pyramidenförmig ausgebildeten Reflektorflächenstruktur mit abwechselnd kleinen und großen pyramidenförmigen Reflektorvorsprüngen, wobei jeweils größere Pyramidenvorsprünge umlaufend um einen kleineren Reflektorvorsprung angeordnet sind,

Fig. 4:

eine schematische Darstellung einer pyramidenförmigen Reflektorflächenstruktur nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, gemäß der pyramidenförmige Reflektorvorsprünge mit achteckiger Grundfläche vorgesehen sind,

Fig. 5:

eine schematische Seitenansicht der Beleuchtungsvorrichtung nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung parallel zu der von dem Reflektorpaneel definierten Ebene ähnlich der Darstellung der Fig. 2, wobei bei dieser Ausführung auf die Reflektorflächenstruktur eine Licht streuende Textilstruktur aufgebracht ist, so dass ein Teil der Reflektorflächenstruktur von Reflektorflächen gebildet und ein Teil der Reflektorflächenstruktur von der Textilstruktur verdeckt ist,

Fig. 6:

eine ausschnittsweise, vergrößerte Darstellung der Lichteinfallsverhältnisse an der mit einer Textilstruktur versehenen Reflektoranordnung, die den Grenzwinkel zwischen streuendem Lichteinfall und reflektierendem Lichteinfall zeigt,

Fig. 7:

eine schematische Darstellung der Geometrieverhältnisse der Betrachtungswinkel der mit einer Textilstruktur versehenen Reflektoranordnung,

Fig. 8.

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die auf eine Reflektorflächenstruktur aufbringbare Textilstruktur in Form eines Gitters, wobei in den Teilansichten der Fig. (a) verschiedene Porengrößen bzw. Maschenweiten der Textilstruktur dargestellt sind,

Fig. 9:

eine Draufsicht auf eine auf die Reflektorflächenstruktur aufbringbare Textilstruktur mit einem anderen Textilstrukturmuster als Fig. 8,

Fig. 10:

eine schematische Darstellung der von dem Reflektorpaneel bewirkten Lichtpunktzerlegung,

Fig. 11:

eine schematische Darstellung einer pyramidenförmigen Reflektorflächenstruktur nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, gemäß der pyramidenförmige Reflektorvorsprünge an den Spitzen abgeflacht bzw. mit konkaven Eindaellungen versehen sind,

Fig. 12:

eine schematische Darstellung einer pyramidenförmigen Reflektorflächenstruktur nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, gemäß der pyramidenförmige Reflektorvorsprünge mit rechteckiger Grundfläche mit Beabstandung voneinander vorgesehen sind,

Fig. 13:

eine schematische Darstellung einer pyramidenförmigen Reflektorflächenstruktur nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, gemäß der pyramidenförmige Reflektorvorsprünge mit rechteckiger Grundfläche in abstandsfreier Anordnung vorgesehen sind, wobei die Pyramiden schief sind bzw. unterschiedliche Flankenneigungen haben,

Fig. 14:

eine schematische Darstellung einer pyramidenförmigen Reflektorflächenstruktur nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, gemäß der pyramidenförmige Reflektorvorsprünge mit halbkreisförmiger Grundfläche vorgesehen sind, die nur eine ebene Falnke aufweisen, die der Beleuchtungsseite zugewandt ist, und

Fig. 15:

eine schematische Darstellung verschiedener pyramidenförmiger Reflektorvorsprünge, um mögliche Schiefstellungen bzw. Exzentrizitäten und Verdrehungen der Reflektorvorsprünge zu verdeutlichen.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment and associated drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1:

a schematic perspective view of the lighting device according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, showing the arrangement of the reflector panel on a vertical wall and the associated therewith, a plurality of arrangements of LED spotlights on the ceiling, a side wall and a floor,

Fig. 2:

a schematic side view of the lighting device Fig. 1 parallel to the plane of the reflector panel having the reflector surface structure so that the view shows the geometrical arrangement of the light sources relative to the positioning of the reflector surface structure and the beam paths of the grinding oblique irradiation and the reflected light,

3:

a schematic representation of the pyramid-shaped reflector surface structure with alternately small and large pyramidal reflector projections, each larger pyramid projections are arranged circumferentially around a smaller reflector projection,

4:

FIG. 2 a schematic illustration of a pyramid-shaped reflector surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention, according to which pyramid-shaped reflector projections with an octagonal base surface are provided, FIG.

Fig. 5:

a schematic side view of the lighting device according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention parallel to the plane defined by the reflector panel similar to the representation of Fig. 2 wherein, in this embodiment, a light-scattering textile structure is applied to the reflector surface structure, so that a part of the reflector surface structure is formed by reflector surfaces and a part of the reflector surface structure is covered by the textile structure,

Fig. 6:

a fragmentary, enlarged view of the light incident conditions on the provided with a textile structure reflector assembly showing the critical angle between scattering light and reflective light,

Fig. 7:

a schematic representation of the geometric relationships of the viewing angle of the provided with a textile structure reflector assembly,

Fig. 8.

3 shows a schematic plan view of the textile structure in the form of a grid which can be applied to a reflector surface structure, wherein different partial pore sizes or mesh sizes of the textile structure are shown in the partial views of FIG.

Fig. 9:

a plan view of a coatable on the reflector surface structure textile structure with a different textile structure pattern than Fig. 8 .

Fig. 10:

a schematic representation of the caused by the reflector panel light point decomposition,

Fig. 11:

FIG. 2 a schematic illustration of a pyramid-shaped reflector surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention, according to which the pyramidal reflector projections are flattened at the tips or provided with concave indentations, FIG.

Fig. 12:

a schematic representation of a pyramidal reflector surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention, according to the pyramidal reflector projections are provided with a rectangular base with spacing from each other,

Fig. 13:

a schematic representation of a pyramid-shaped reflector surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention, are provided according to the pyramidal reflector projections with a rectangular base in a distance-free arrangement, the pyramids are oblique or have different edge slopes,

Fig. 14:

a schematic representation of a pyramidal reflector surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention, are provided according to the pyramidal reflector projections with a semicircular base surface having only a flat Falnke, which faces the illumination side, and

Fig. 15:

a schematic representation of various pyramidal reflector projections to illustrate possible misalignments or eccentricities and rotations of the reflector protrusions.

In the Fig. 1 illustrated lighting device 1 comprises a serving as a light reflector surface structure 8, which is mounted in the illustrated embodiment on a vertical wall of a room. Said reflector surface structure 8 comprises a plurality of reflector surface pieces 3 which are integrally formed integrally on a reflector panel 2, in particular formed by an embossing of a metal, in particular aluminum sheet or its surface. The said structure 2 may in this case form a solid, self-supporting panel, but may also consist of a flexible foil or plastic or platinum body. Optionally, soft structural materials such as a thin rubber mat can be used, in which the reflector surface pieces 3 embossed and can be formed by means of surface coating.

In the illustrated embodiment, the reflector surface structure 8 is planar, i. however, the surface areas defined by the reflector structure 3 may also deviate from the planar shape, for example, to be attached to an arcuately curved wall or column or the like. The reflector structure 8 can also without adaptation to the underlying building wall, ceiling or the like have a deviating from the planar shape contouring, for example, a relief-like freeform surface to achieve special lighting effects. Advantageously, however, the reflector surface pieces 3 are arranged in a continuous, continuously shaped surface, so that there are no cracks or distortions within the reflector surface piece field.

As the Figures 3 and 4 show, the reflector surface structure 8 may consist of a plurality of pyramidal reflector projections 9, which may be formed in the form of an embossment of a metal sheet. The pyramidal reflector projections 9 advantageously have differently sized base areas, so that alternate with smaller pyramid projections. Furthermore, the pyramidal reflector projections 9 are arranged not linearly distributed, in particular in a dancing arrangement with respect to transversely to the light incident direction lines with different transverse offset thereof. At the in Fig. 3 In the embodiment shown, the pyramidal reflector projections 9 each have square base surfaces, larger pyramid projections being arranged offset around their lateral surfaces in each case around a smaller pyramid projection.

As Fig. 4 However, the pyramidal reflector projections 9 may also have other base shapes, such as octagons, or hexagons or other regular polygons.

In the in the Figures 3 and 4 As shown, the pyramidal projections 9 are regular, ie not skewed, ie, the pyramid tip sits perpendicularly over the centroid of the base so that the reflector surface pieces formed by the pyramid flanks have uniform inclinations, ie, all flanks facing one side Pyramidal genus, for example, the larger pyramids, have approximately the same flank angle. Advantageously, the smaller and larger pyramid projections can also have the same flank angle to one side.

Depending on the configuration, the pyramidal reflector projections 9 may have the same height, but advantageously also different heights, in particular if the pyramidal reflector projections 9 have at least approximately similar flank angles and different sized base surfaces.

In this case, the flanks facing towards different sides can also have different flank angles, for example such that the flanks pointing downwards have different angles of inclination than the flanks pointing upwards and both, i. upper and lower flanks may in turn have different angles of inclination than the flanks pointing to the right. As a result, different preferred directions for the directionally reflected light can be generated by respective grinding radiation from different sides.

Further advantageous embodiments of the pyramidal reflector structure show the FIGS. 11 to 15 , In all variants, the goal is better manufacturability, in which tips can be avoided and edges can be made with a duller angle.

As Fig. 11 shows, it can be provided that the tips of the pyramids are flattened or dented. This structure can be illuminated from all four sides to ensure full functionality.

As Fig. 12 shows, the pyramids may have a rectangular plan, so that there is a hipped roof-shaped structure. The light irradiation can be advantageously only on the long sides, so for example. From the left or right. The angles of the four flanks are unchanged as in the previously described pyramids, wherein the pyramids can not be arranged surface-filling, there are free areas on the base.

As Fig. 13 shows, the pyramids can also be formed with asymmetrical flanks. For the rest, the pyramids are similar Fig. 13 educated. It is only the left flank of the "pyramid" photometrically active and may still have an angle between 35 ° and 45 ° from the base. Instead of the distance between the pyramids, the flank located in the shadow can be flatter, approx. 25 ° to 35 ° inclined.

As Fig. 14 shows, the pyramids or reflector projections may also have other than polygonal, in particular rounded or free-form-like bases, preferably at least one side of the base is formed straight and gem. Fig. 14 in particular semicircular base surfaces can be provided. It can be provided that only the plane, gem. Fig. 14 each to the left falling flanks are illuminated. Advantageously, the flat flanks are oriented towards the same side, possibly with the pre-explained Varaition to a preferred orientation. The flat flanks can still have an angle between 35 ° and 45 ° from the base. The curved surface is advantageously always in the shade and can remain ineffective photometrically. The distance (in both directions) of the "shells" can also be smaller, so that the individual "shells" touch or even intersect. This variant can be implemented particularly favorably because of the advantageous manufacturability.

In all structures, the angles of the photometrically active surfaces can be randomly varied in order to achieve a slightly different reflected light direction. Both the slope is varied by about +/- 5 °, as well as the Angle of rotation of the structure on the ground plane up to 10 °, as the different representations a, b and c of Fig. 15 demonstrate.

As the FIGS. 1 and 2 For example, the reflector surface structure 8 is irradiated by punctiform light sources 7, for example in the form of LEDs, which are arranged on or in the ceiling 6 relatively close to the wall 5 on which the reflector surface piece wallpaper 13 is applied. In a development of the invention, the reflector surface structure 8 can also be illuminated from different sides by a plurality of light sources, wherein the irradiation can take place simultaneously from different sides or alternately from one side or the other in order to achieve different emission characteristics. Fig. 1 in this case shows light sources 7a, which irradiate the reflector surface structure 8 from above, and bottom-side light sources 7c, which can irradiate the reflector surface structure 8 from below and laterally, for example, on an adjacent wall, arranged light sources 7b, through which the reflector surface structure 8 approximately horizontally from the Side ago can be irradiated. The light sources 7 advantageously form small points of light with luminous densities L much greater than 10 ⁶ cd / m ² . In particular, the light sources 7a, 7b and 7c in the illustrated embodiment are arranged distributed in each case in a row which extends substantially parallel to the wall 5 and thus parallel to the surface defined by the reflector structure 8. The arrangement and spacing of the light sources 7 is in this case advantageously such that the surface of the Reflektorflächenstückefelds is irradiated at an angle of less than 30 °, ie the light coming from the light sources 7 falls from above onto the reflector surface patch field, the angle to the surface said reflector patch panel in the illustrated embodiment is between 15 ° and 25 °, cf. Fig. 2 , Advantageously, the light sources, for example, the ceiling-side light sources 7a, in this case also be formed multi-row, in order to realize different irradiation or light incidence angle to the reflector surface structure 8, cf. FIGS. 1 and 2 ,

The widening of the light cone coming from the light sources 7 is made such that the entire reflector surface patch field is irradiated, cf. Fig. 2 , wherein in the drawn embodiment and the wall heights provided there and the height of the Reflektorflächenstückefelds a cone widening of 13 ° is provided. Advantageously, the arrangement of the light sources 7 - for example, by approaching closer to the wall to be irradiated 5 - made so that the expansion of the light cone is less than 25 °, preferably less than 20 °.

wobei a der Betrachtungsabstand, also der Abstand des Aufpunktes von den jeweiligen Leuchtflächen in Metern gemessen ist und für den am Aufpunkt durch die Teillichtbündel der Leuchtfläche gebildeten Öffnungswinkel x gilt: $$\mathrm{x}=(-\mathrm{1}/\mathrm{g}\cdot \ln \left[\left(\mathrm{K}-\mathrm{B}\right)/\left(\mathrm{K}-\mathrm{1}\right)\right]-\mathrm{s}$$

wobei der Öffnungswinkel x in Winkelminuten (mit 1 Winkelminute = 1/60 Grad mit 360 Grad = Kreis) angegeben ist und für die Parameter g, K, B und s die Ungleichungen $$0,5\le \mathrm{g}\le 0,9$$

$$6\le \mathrm{K}\le 9$$

$$1\le \mathrm{B}<5,8$$

$$0\le \mathrm{s}\le 0,3$$

gelten und ferner der Mindestabstand benachbarter Leuchtflächen durch die Beziehung definiert ist: $$\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{2}\cdot \mathrm{a}\cdot \tan \left(\mathrm{y}/\mathrm{2}\right),$$

wobei a der Betrachtungsabstand in Metern gemessen ist und y ≥ 10 Winkelminuten ist, wobei y der durch die benachbarten Teillichtbündel zweier Leuchtflächen gebildete Öffnungswinkel ist.The arrangement of the LEDs together with the reflector surface pieces cause a light point decomposition, which allows on the one hand a high-contrast perception of the illuminated areas and on the other hand, a substantial glare. Each point in the illuminated space is illuminated by several separately perceptible points of light. The arrangement of the LEDs and the reflector surface pieces is made such that they in Fig. 10 satisfies the described relationship, according to which the light spots formed by the output surfaces of the reflector surface pieces 3 in terms of size and arrangement meet the requirements of a meaningful Lichtpunktzerlegung. This is characterized in that the maximum dimension D of each light spot is defined by the following relationship: $$\mathrm{D}\le \mathrm{2}\cdot \mathrm{a}\cdot \tan \left(\mathrm{x}/\mathrm{2}\right).$$

where a is the viewing distance, ie the distance of the Aufpunktes of the respective luminous surfaces measured in meters and applies to the opening angle formed by the partial light beam of the luminous surface at the Aufpunkt by x: $$\mathrm{x}=(-\mathrm{1}/\mathrm{G}\cdot \ln \left[\left(\mathrm{K}-\mathrm{B}\right)/\left(\mathrm{K}-\mathrm{1}\right)\right]-\mathrm{s}$$

wherein the opening angle x in angular minutes (with 1 angle minute = 1/60 degrees with 360 degrees = circle) is given and for the parameters g, K, B and s the inequalities $$0.5\le \mathrm{G}\le 0.9$$

$$6\le \mathrm{K}\le 9$$

$$1\le \mathrm{B}<5.\mathrm{8th}$$

$$0\le \mathrm{s}\le 0.3$$

and furthermore the minimum distance of adjacent luminous surfaces is defined by the relationship: $$\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{2}\cdot \mathrm{a}\cdot \tan \left(\mathrm{y}/\mathrm{2}\right).$$

where a is the viewing distance measured in meters and y ≥ 10 angular minutes, where y is the opening angle formed by the adjacent partial light bundles of two luminous surfaces.

The aforementioned parameters B and K are sufficiently unequal to each other. Advantageously, the parameter B is selected as a function of the illumination intensity to be determined in the viewing distance a, where the glare effect influences the glare, wherein preferably the parameter B ≦ 5, in particular B ≦ 4.

In order to control the emission characteristic of the light emitted by the reflector panel 2 in terms of brilliance on the one hand and scattered light and illuminate different spatial areas differently, a light scattering surface structure 30 may be applied to the reflector panel 2, in particular in the form of a textile structure 31, for example in the form of a fabric or a textile flocking. As Fig. 8 shows, the textile structure 31 may consist of a mesh-like tissue, which consists of intersecting threads, between which more or less large recesses are provided, the embodiment of Fig. 8 shows in the partial views (a), (b) and (c) different possible mesh sizes and different thread sizes.

Alternatively or additionally, however, the textile structure 31 can also realize non-linear structures, as is Fig. 9 shows, for example, by textile flocking certain areas of the reflector surface structure 8. Here, in terms of the achievable patterns and distributions of the scattering material areas almost any variants can be realized. The embodiment according to Fig. 9 shows in the partial view (a) and the partial view (b) two different floral or ornamental patterns in which alternate areas of light-scattering material with exposed, ie not flocked areas.

As the FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show, the textile structure 31 is advantageously raised. The filaments or scattering material regions 32 project from the reflector surface structure 8 and have a specific height H with respect to the reflector surface structure 8, which has an influence on the visibility and irradiability of the reflector surface pieces exposed between the scattering material regions 32. The stated visibility and irradiability of the exposed reflector surface regions is furthermore influenced by the spacing d between two adjacent scatter material regions 32 or their thickness D measured parallel to the plane of the reflector surface structure.

• Unter Betrachtungswinkeln von w > α = arctg(d/H) erscheint die Oberfläche wie eine normale textile Oberfläche, da in der Projektion nur die Textilfäden (das Gewebe) sichtbar sind.
• Licht, das unter β > α = arctg(d/H) die Oberfläche verlässt, wird von der textilen Oberfläche (Gewebe/Fäden) gestreut.
• Licht, das unter Einfallswinkel von β > α = arctg(d/H) auf die Oberfläche strahlt, trifft nur mehr auf die textile Oberfläche (Gewebe/Fäden), da in der Projektion nur die Textilfäden (das Gewebe) sichtbar sind, und wird dementsprechend nicht mehr gerichtet über die Spiegelfläche umgelenkt, sondern durch das Textil aufgestreut. Je schräger (schleifender) die Oberfläche angestrahlt wird, desto größer ist der Streuanteil der Oberfläche, und desto geringer ist der gerichtet reflektierte Anteil.

The textile structure 31 influences the photometric effect of the reflector surface structure 8 as follows:

• At viewing angles of w> α = arctg (d / H), the surface appears to be a normal textile surface, as only the textile threads (the tissue) are visible in the projection.
• Light leaving the surface below β> α = arctg (d / H) is scattered by the textile surface (fabric / threads).
• Light that radiates onto the surface at angles of incidence of β> α = arctg (d / H) only strikes the textile surface (fabric / threads), because in the projection only the textile threads (the fabric) are visible Accordingly, no longer directed deflected over the mirror surface, but scattered through the textile. The more oblique (grinding) the surface is illuminated becomes, the larger is the Streuanteil of the surface, and the lower is the directionally reflected portion.

This angle-dependent behavior causes the surface to act like a glittering (= many-light-scattered surface) with a frontal view (viewing angle = 0 °, view into the illuminated objects reflected at the pyramid flanks, view in the radiation area of the pyramidal structure), while viewing obliquely at an angle of ω> α = arctg (d / H) acts like an illuminated textile.

By appropriate selection of the textile structure size (d / H), this critical angle α = arctg (d / H) in the range between about 60 ° - 90 ° can be adjusted. Thus, on the one hand for a certain angle of incidence of the lighting determines the ratio between directed and scattered reflected radiation of the surface, on the other hand determines the viewing angle range in which the reflective appearance in a textile (scattering) appearance (such as a textile curtain) is transformed.

Like this Fig. 5 illustrates this property of the light-scattering surface structure 30 can be used to control the emission of the reflected light by the reflector and textile structure is irradiated at varying angles of incidence of light, for example, two light sources 7aa and 7ab, the cover side different far away from the Level of the reflector surface structure can be arranged. If the two light sources are assigned a control device 40 by means of which the light sources can be variably dimmed, the scattered light component and the proportion of reflected light can be adjusted variably.

Claims (14)

1. An illumination apparatus having a reflector panel (2) at which a facetted reflector surface structure (8) is provided which irradiates light directed in a preferred direction (11) with a grazing oblique irradiation through at least one light source (7), characterised in that a light-scattering surface structure (30) in the form of a textile structure which is formed as elevated with respect to the reflector surface structure (8) is applied to the reflector surface structure (8) such that a plurality of partial surfaces of the reflector surface structure are arranged exposed and not covered by the textile structure and such that a plurality of partial surfaces of the reflector surface structure (8) are covered by the textile structure.
2. An illumination apparatus in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein the textile structure is formed in the form of a fabric structure or of a flocking structure.
3. An illumination device in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2, wherein surface pieces covered by the light scattering surface structure (30) and exposed reflector sections left open by the light scattering surface structure (30) are provided alternately at the reflector panel (2), with the scattered surface sections having an elevation (H) with respect to the reflector surface structure and having a spacing (d) from one another which satisfy the following relationship: $${\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{Limit}}=\mathrm{arctan\; d}/\mathrm{H}$$

   

   
   where α_Limit ≥ π/3.
4. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the two preceding claims, wherein the reflector panel having the light scattering surface structure (30) can be irradiated by at least two light sources (7aa, 7ab) in a grazing oblique manner from the front, but at different irradiation angles, such that on an irradiation by a first one of the two light sources (7aa), the scattered portion of the light emitted by the panel is larger and the light portion reflected in a directed manner is smaller than with an irradiation by the second light source (7ab), with a control apparatus being provided for the individual control of the two named light sources (7aa, 7ab) with respect to their emitted luminosity such that the scattered portion or the light portion reflected in a directed manner can be selectively increased and decreased.
5. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the light scattering surface structure (30), in particular a textile surface structure, comprises a regular or irregular grid of scattering material regions (32) which extend transversely to one another, in particular intersecting one another, and wherein reflector surface regions free of scattering material are provided between said scattering material regions.
6. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the light scattering surface structure (30), in particular a textile scattering surface structure, comprises a regular or irregular pattern of scattering material regions (32) which are distributed in a cloud-like manner and between which reflector surface regions free of scattering material are provided.
7. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the light scattering surface structure (30) is formed by a textile flocking applied onto the reflector panel (2).
8. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the textile structure (31) is formed at least partially by a partly transparent textile material, in particular by threads (32) transmitting light in a limited manner, such that the textile material irradiated by the at least one light source (7) transmits a portion of the light to pass onto the reflector surface structure (8) located thereunder/therebehind.
9. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the reflector surface structure (8) comprises a plurality of reflector surface pieces (3) which are formed as substantially planar and which face at least one light source (7) at substantially the same angles of attach (13), with the reflector surface structure (8) comprising alternately smaller and larger reflector surface pieces (3) which are arranged alternately closer to and further away from the light source (7) and forming a non-linear reflector surface structure, and with the angles of attack (13) of the reflector surface pieces (3) facing the at least one light source (7) in particular varying by a preferred angle in a range of +/-5°.
10. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the reflector surface structure (8) is formed by pyramid-like reflector projections (9) which alternately have larger and smaller base surfaces, preferably square base surfaces, and/or are tilted towards different sides and/or are arranged on the base surface with their base surfaces rotated alternately in different directions.
11. An illumination apparatus in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein the pyramid-like reflector projections (9) have square base surfaces and are placed next to one another substantially without any spacing or have rectangular base surfaces and their longer sides face the at least one light source (7).
12. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the reflector surface structure (8) is formed by the stamping of a metal sheet, in particular of an aluminium alloy sheet, whose surface is highly reflective at least sectionally.
13. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of spot-like light sources, in particular in the form of LEDs having a luminance of L >> 10⁶ cd/m² are provided as the light source (7), with the spot-like light sources preferably being arranged next to one another in one or more rows which extend(s) substantially in parallel with the surface of the carrier structure (2).
14. An illumination apparatus in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the reflector panel (2) can be irradiated in a grazing oblique manner by a plurality of light sources (7a, 7b, 7c) at different margins or sides of the reflector panel (2), with the reflector surface pieces (3) facing the different light sources (7a, 7b, 7c) being set up such that light coming from different sides is irradiated in a directed manner into different preferred directions (11), and/or wherein the light scattering surface structure (30) scatters light at different levels on an irradiation from different sides, with a control apparatus being provided for switching over the light sources (7a, 7b, 7c) and thus for switching over the preferred direction of the irradiation of the panel and/or for changing the scattered light portion of the irradiation and with the light-scattering surface structure having longitudinal threads and transverse threads (32), wherein the transverse threads are thicker than the longitudinal threads and/or a mesh size is smaller in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction and/or the irradiation has a flatter angle of incidence from the transverse side than the irradiation from a longitudinal side such that on the operation/starting up of the light source for the irradiation from the transverse side, a higher scattered light portion can be generated than on the operation/dimming of the light source for the irradiation from the longitudinal side.

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