EP2661559B1 - Compresseur frigorifique à double action - Google Patents

Compresseur frigorifique à double action Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2661559B1
EP2661559B1 EP12700943.9A EP12700943A EP2661559B1 EP 2661559 B1 EP2661559 B1 EP 2661559B1 EP 12700943 A EP12700943 A EP 12700943A EP 2661559 B1 EP2661559 B1 EP 2661559B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pressure
refrigerant compressor
double
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12700943.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2661559A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inficon GmbH Deutschland
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Inficon GmbH Deutschland
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2661559A1 publication Critical patent/EP2661559A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B31/00—Free-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids; Systems incorporating such pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B5/00—Machines or pumps with differential-surface pistons
    • F04B5/02—Machines or pumps with differential-surface pistons with double-acting pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/02—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having two cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F04B17/04—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F04B17/04—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids
    • F04B17/046—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids the fluid flowing through the moving part of the motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04B25/005—Multi-stage pumps with two cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04B25/02—Multi-stage pumps of stepped piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04B25/04—Multi-stage pumps having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/02—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0016—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons with valve arranged in the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B5/00—Machines or pumps with differential-surface pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/12—Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/12—Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons
    • F04B53/122—Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons the piston being free-floating, e.g. the valve being formed between the actuating rod and the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/148—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections the piston being provided with channels which are coacting with the cylinder and are used as a distribution member for another piston-cylinder unit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a double-acting refrigerant compressor.
  • the required compressors must in this case generate a gas pressure in the bottle, which is above the vapor pressure of the refrigerant at the respective ambient temperatures. This gas pressure can exceed significantly in extreme cases which exceed 30 bar, so that for the further assumptions of a working pressure up to 40bar is assumed.
  • the recycling device In known recycling devices for transferring the refrigerant from a refrigeration system into a recycling container, the recycling device is provided with a compressor and a compressor bypassing the bypass line.
  • the compressor line and the bypass line are each provided with valves, wherein initially the pressurized refrigerant flows through the bypass line into the recycling container. After pressure equalization between recycling container and refrigeration system, the remaining refrigerant is transferred via the compressor of the recycling device in the recycling container, the bypass line is closed.
  • WO 02/40867 A1 to which the preamble of claim 1 refers describes a reciprocating compressor for cooling an electric motor having a variable clearance as a pressure and suction chamber, which is adapted to suck cold air from outside through a suction bore and an inlet check valve and into the interior of the electric motor to cool the engine.
  • the free space over the interior of the electric motor is always connected to the atmosphere.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a refrigerant compressor with simple and inexpensive construction and with the required for the refrigerant recovery high compression performance.
  • the cylinder sections may be components of a one-piece cylinder or separate components. It is crucial that the cylinder sections are not movable relative to each other and that the piston in the cylinder sections freely, that is without a connection with other components, such.
  • Through the piston is an internal flow channel from the one piston end to the opposite end of the piston completely passed.
  • the piston has at least one check valve in the region of the flow channel.
  • Each cylinder section also has at least one check valve.
  • the flow channel is formed along a straight longitudinal axis, along which the check valves are arranged. The flow directions of the check valves are rectified, that is, when flowing through the piston by a refrigerant in a first flow direction, the check valves are open and flow through the piston in a second, opposite to the first flow direction through the check valves lock.
  • the advantage of the refrigerant compressor according to the invention is that a separate bypass line for removing refrigerant from a refrigerant system into a recycling container is not required until pressure equalization.
  • the interior Flow channel can easily, z. B. by a bore.
  • seals for connecting an external mechanism to the piston through the cylinder are not required. The only seals are to be provided in the area of the check valves and the contact areas between the piston and cylinder sections.
  • the piston is provided between its two end-side compression surfaces with an auxiliary compression surface which forms an auxiliary volume together with one of the two cylinder sections, which generates a driving force counteracting a restoring force during a stroke movement of the piston by a driving force.
  • both cylinder sections can be guided as inverse pistons in the piston, wherein the two cylinder sections are immovable relative to each other and only the piston performs a movement.
  • the piston can be touchless by two counter-rotating electromagnets, for. B. as a flat armature drive or as Tauchankerantrieb be driven.
  • the armature plate advantageously protrudes into the magnetic field generated by the electromagnets through the distance between the two cylinder sections.
  • the plunger armature drive the piston can be completely guided as a plunger anchor inside a one-piece cylinder.
  • the design In the coolant recycling mode, the design has the advantage of providing passive pressure equalization between the inlet and the outlet. In use, the bypass conventionally required by the prior art may be eliminated.
  • the design of the double-acting in-line free-piston compressor, the medium through the inlet valve 10, the spill valve 11 and the outlet valve 12 directly overflow. This can be done both as a liquid and as a gaseous fraction.
  • Version 1 The volume is vented to the environment. The pressure is therefore always normal pressure 1 bar.
  • Variant 2 The volume is gas-tight and is designed with a constant pre-pressure p 0 as a gas spring.
  • Variant 3 The volume is connected to the inlet line so that the inlet pressure is equal to the working pressure in the cooling system.
  • Variant 4 The volume is connected to the outlet line so that the secondary pressure in the secondary volume equals the working pressure in the recycling container.
  • the third embodiment results in the FIGS. 5 and 6 with inverse compression chamber.
  • the compressor with inverse compression chamber consists of the piston 25 with the overflow channel 8, the intermediate valve 11 and the inverse compression chamber 6.
  • the piston 25 runs in the cylinder 24, which is closed with the inlet valve plate 2.
  • Intake valve plate 2, cylinder 24 and piston 25 form the low-pressure compression volume 4.
  • An advantage of this arrangement is the direct mechanical access to the piston while maintaining the inline flow of the medium, so that on the one hand the drive of the piston can be done with a forced operation, for example with a crank mechanism, and on the other hand, the medium directly from the inlet through all the valves through to the outlet can flow.
  • both cylinder sections 41 and 42 are guided as inverse pistons in the piston 25.
  • the fifth embodiment according to Fig. 9 shows a flat armature drive for driving the piston.
  • the piston which itself may be made of a material that is not relevant to the drive, is mechanically connected to the armature plate 52 made of magnetically soft iron.
  • armature plate 52 made of magnetically soft iron.
  • a pot magnet consisting of the iron core 50 or 54 and the electric coil 51 and 53 is arranged.
  • By alternating energizing the coils is each generates a magnetic field between the pot magnet and the anchor plate, which puts the anchor in the appropriate movement.
  • this can be a slide switch which switches the current lead to the other coil when a predetermined end position is reached.
  • a magnetic spring drive is used for the piston.
  • the operating principle is a spring-mass oscillator, wherein the piston is excited as mass to an oscillating motion.
  • the work that the machine is supposed to deliver acts as cushioning and must be applied as a synchronous excitation by the magnet.
  • the principle is very effective for smaller work loads. For a vibration to actually take place, the kinetic or potential energy stored in the spring-mass system must be greater than the work to be delivered.
  • a plunger armature is used as a drive for the piston.
  • the coils mutually generate a magnetic flux in the left or in the right area of the plunger coil.
  • the anchor is then pulled each time in the appropriate end position.
  • it depends on an optimized control of the coil in order to avoid unrestrained striking of the armature.
  • the control of the coils is carried out in the same manner as in the flat armature drive.
  • the piston 7 is driven via an eccentric 61 with a shaft 60 by a conventional crank mechanism.
  • the symmetrically arranged shaft 60 of the rotary drive can be converted via known methods into a positively driven oscillation.
  • the method can be used for both normal construction and inverse compression chamber design.
  • the advantage here is the use of normal rotary drives and the positive control of the way.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Compresseur de réfrigérant à double effet comprenant un piston (7) qui est guidé librement au niveau de deux parties cylindrique (41, 42), opposées l'une à l'autre et non mobiles l'une par rapport à l'autre, et qui inclut un conduit d'écoulement intérieur (8) s'étendant à travers le piston (7), chaque partie cylindrique (41, 42) et le piston (7) comportant chacun le long du conduit d'écoulement (8) au moins un clapet anti-retour (10, 11, 12), les clapets anti-retour (10, 11, 12) étant disposés de telle sorte que leur sens d'écoulement soient parallèles, le piston (7) comportant sur un côté d'extrémité une face de compression à basse pression adjacente à un volume de travail compressible à basse pression (4) et du côté opposé une face de compression à haute pression, adjacente à un volume de travail compressible à haute pression (6) qui est plus petite que la face de compression à basse pression, le volume de travail compressible à basse pression (4) étant formé entre la face de compression à basse pression, une plaque de clapet d'entrée (2) munie d'un premier clapet anti-retour (10) comme clapet d'entrée et une première partie cylindrique (41) et le volume de travail compressible à haute pression (6) étant formé entre la face de compression à haute pression, une plaque de clapet de sortie (3) munie d'un deuxième clapet anti-retour (11) comme clapet de sortie et la deuxième partie cylindrique (42),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le piston (7) comporte entre la face de compression à basse pression et la face de compression à haute pression une face de compression auxiliaire qui forme conjointement avec la première partie cylindrique (41) un volume auxiliaire (5) qui est conçu pour générer, lors d'une course du piston par une force d'entraînement, une force de rappel antagoniste de la force d'entraînement, et pour aider ainsi, lors de la commande du piston, à amener le volume auxiliaire (5)
    - dans un premier état dans lequel le volume auxiliaire (5) est évacué vers l'environnement du compresseur de réfrigérant de sorte qu'une pression normale atmosphérique règne dans le volume auxiliaire,
    - dans un deuxième état dans lequel le volume auxiliaire (5) est réalisé sous la forme d'un ressort à pression de gaz de manière étanche aux gaz et avec une pression initiale P0 constante,
    - dans un troisième état dans lequel le volume auxiliaire (5) est relié à un conduit d'admission relié à un système de refroidissement, de sorte que la pression initiale dans le volume auxiliaire (5) soit égale à la pression de travail dans le système de refroidissement et
    - dans un quatrième état dans lequel le volume auxiliaire (5) est relié à un conduit de sortie relié à un récipient de recyclage de telle sorte que la pression initiale dans le volume auxiliaire soit égale à la pression de travail dans le récipient de recyclage.
  2. Compresseur de réfrigérant à double effet selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le piston (7) et les parties cylindriques (41, 42) sont symétriques en rotation, les clapets anti-retour (10, 11, 12) et le conduit d'écoulement (8) étant disposés sur l'axe longitudinal central du piston (7) et les parties cylindriques (41, 42).
  3. Compresseur de réfrigérant à double effet selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les parties cylindriques (41, 42) sont espacés l'une de l'autre de telle sorte qu'une zone du piston (7) est librement accessible depuis l'extérieur des portions cylindriques (41, 42).
  4. Compresseur de réfrigérant à double effet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le clapet du piston (7) est formé dans la face de compression à haute pression.
  5. Compresseur de réfrigérant à double effet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie cylindrique (41, 42) servant de piston inverse (23) est guidée dans le piston (7).
  6. Compresseur de réfrigérant à double effet selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le piston (7) est entraîné sans contact par deux électroaimants agissant de manière antagoniste.
  7. Compresseur de réfrigérant à double effet selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le piston (7) est entraîné par un mécanisme à manivelle par le biais d'un guide à excentrique (61).
  8. Compresseur de réfrigérant à double effet selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le piston (7) est muni d'une piste de coulisse (73) se présentant sous la forme d'un '8' dans laquelle s'engage une came (72) d'un entraînement en rotation (71) destiné à entraîner le piston (7).
EP12700943.9A 2011-01-07 2012-01-05 Compresseur frigorifique à double action Active EP2661559B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011008086A DE102011008086A1 (de) 2011-01-07 2011-01-07 Doppeltwirkender Kältemittelkompressor
PCT/EP2012/050150 WO2012093160A1 (fr) 2011-01-07 2012-01-05 Compresseur frigorifique à double action

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2661559A1 EP2661559A1 (fr) 2013-11-13
EP2661559B1 true EP2661559B1 (fr) 2018-09-19

Family

ID=45529072

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12700943.9A Active EP2661559B1 (fr) 2011-01-07 2012-01-05 Compresseur frigorifique à double action

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US9777717B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2661559B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5976673B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN103282656B (fr)
DE (1) DE102011008086A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2615547C2 (fr)
TW (1) TWI589777B (fr)
WO (1) WO2012093160A1 (fr)

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CN112012905B (zh) * 2019-05-31 2023-08-25 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 压缩机及制冷设备
US11913441B2 (en) * 2021-12-29 2024-02-27 Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc Air compressor system having a hollow piston forming an interior space and a check valve in a piston crown allowing air to exit the interior space
CN117231470A (zh) * 2023-11-13 2023-12-15 瑞纳智能设备股份有限公司 压缩机的气体轴承装置及压缩机

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RU2013136686A (ru) 2015-02-20
US20130287611A1 (en) 2013-10-31
TWI589777B (zh) 2017-07-01
DE102011008086A1 (de) 2012-07-12
WO2012093160A1 (fr) 2012-07-12
RU2615547C2 (ru) 2017-04-05
CN103282656B (zh) 2016-05-18
EP2661559A1 (fr) 2013-11-13
JP2014501884A (ja) 2014-01-23
US9777717B2 (en) 2017-10-03
TW201235564A (en) 2012-09-01
JP5976673B2 (ja) 2016-08-24
US20170211557A1 (en) 2017-07-27
CN103282656A (zh) 2013-09-04

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