EP2652437B1 - Enveloppe de projectile pour un projectile explosif et procédé de traitement d'une enveloppe de projectile - Google Patents

Enveloppe de projectile pour un projectile explosif et procédé de traitement d'une enveloppe de projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2652437B1
EP2652437B1 EP11822889.9A EP11822889A EP2652437B1 EP 2652437 B1 EP2652437 B1 EP 2652437B1 EP 11822889 A EP11822889 A EP 11822889A EP 2652437 B1 EP2652437 B1 EP 2652437B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
predetermined breaking
projectile casing
breaking points
projectile
casing
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EP11822889.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2652437A1 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Simon
Ernst Tripp
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Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
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Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2652437A1 publication Critical patent/EP2652437A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • F42B12/24—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction with grooves, recesses or other wall weakenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fragmentable projectile casing for an explosive projectile, with distributed over the projectile casing predetermined breaking points for shaping of fragments.
  • the invention further relates to a method for treating a fragmentable projectile casing for an explosive projectile, with predetermined breaking points distributed over the projectile casing for shaping splinters.
  • Explosive projectiles are used, for example, as artillery ammunition.
  • An explosive projectile for the defense against attack ammunition eg mortar shells or rockets, is from the DE 10 2007 007 403 A1 known.
  • projectiles In addition to a projectile casing, projectiles usually have an explosive charge disposed within the projectile casing. As a result of the ignition of the explosive charge at the target or in its vicinity, the projectile shell splinters into a large number of fragments. The splinters are accelerated by the pressure of detonation of the explosive charge and act on the target with a corresponding kinetic energy. Thus, an explosive projectile acts primarily by the fragmentation of its projectile shell.
  • the effect of the explosive projectile depends to a greater extent on the fragmentation.
  • the shape or surface of the splinters influences their effectiveness. For example, splinters which have an unfavorable shape are braked due to their air resistance.
  • the projectile casing can be provided with predetermined breaking points.
  • this describes US 4,774,745 A a method for producing a predetermined breaking point pattern for military projectiles with a fragmenting projectile casing, wherein distributed on the inside of the projectile casing arranged predetermined breaking points are arranged.
  • the projectile casing at both ends of an enlarged wall thickness relative to the central region.
  • DE 29 41 480 A1 discloses a method for locally embrittling metals, in particular coats of explosive charges, wherein the embrittlement is generated by means of an electron beam.
  • a projectile casing known which has evenly distributed over the projectile casing predetermined breaking points.
  • the shape of the splinters can be influenced in such a way that fragments of the desired shape are formed to an increased extent.
  • the projectile casings When shooting an explosive projectile from the tube of a weapon, especially in spin-stabilized explosive projectiles, large forces are transferred to the projectile casing. To ensure the strength of the projectile casing even during this increased stress, the projectile casings often have a non-uniform wall thickness. For example, areas of the projectile casing which are subjected to heavy loads may be correspondingly thicker.
  • Another disadvantage of the DE 21 26 351 C1 known projectile casing is that the predetermined breaking points are formed as along the circumference of the projectile casing and along a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile casing extending lines, with only extending in the circumferential direction predetermined breaking points extend over the entire wall thickness.
  • the projectile casing tends to break in detonation of the explosive charge in the circumferential direction rather than in the longitudinal direction. It is possible that the predetermined breaking points do not break in the longitudinal direction. The result is an uneven fragmentation and a reduced effect of the explosive projectile in case of fragmentation of the projectile casing.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fragmentable projectile casing and a method for treating a fragmentable projectile casing, which has an improved effect on the target.
  • This object is achieved with a fragmentable projectile casing for an explosive projectile, with a non-uniform wall thickness and distributed over the projectile casing arranged predetermined breaking points for shaping of splinters, characterized in that the predetermined breaking points to achieve uniform splinters are unevenly spaced from each other.
  • the predetermined breaking points can be arranged at an irregular distance from each other. In this way, the number of chips whose mass is in a desired range can be increased. At the same time, the number of slivers that are too heavy and / or too light can be reduced. Thus, an improved fragmentation with an increased number of effective splinters can be made possible. The effect of the explosive projectile resulting from the fragmentation of the projectile casing can be improved.
  • the predetermined breaking points in a region of greater wall thickness have a smaller distance from each other. This can cause regions of greater wall thickness to splinter into the desired mass when the explosive charge detonates.
  • the predetermined breaking points can have an increased distance from one another in a region of lesser wall thickness.
  • the projectile shell can also split into fragments of the desired mass in a region of lesser wall thickness.
  • the predetermined breaking points can be arranged depending on the wall thickness such that they have similar shape and mass even with uneven wall thickness. It is possible that the predetermined breaking points each have an adapted to the wall thickness distance from each other.
  • a projectile casing according to the invention for an explosive projectile distributed over the projectile casing arranged predetermined breaking points for shaping of splinters, is also provided that the predetermined breaking points are formed as running in the direction of the longitudinal axis material structure changes that extend over the entire wall thickness.
  • predetermined breaking points in the longitudinal direction of the projectile casing can be formed.
  • the predetermined breaking points can extend over the entire wall thickness, whereby the predetermined breaking points break with detonation of the explosive charge with increased probability. The by the splintering the projectile shell resulting effect of the explosive projectile can thus be improved.
  • the predetermined breaking points are formed as lines.
  • the lines can be straight or curved.
  • the predetermined breaking points can be arranged in the manner of juxtaposed points which form predetermined breaking lines.
  • the predetermined breaking points can be formed as continuous lines.
  • the predetermined breaking points are arranged in the manner of a grid.
  • the individual predetermined breaking points can be part of a predetermined breaking grid, which extends over the entire projectile shell. Due to the screening of the projectile casing by the predetermined breaking points, a uniform shape of the splinters can be achieved.
  • the grid can be designed in the manner of a dot matrix or a line grid. It is possible that the grid is formed of predetermined breaking lines.
  • the grid may extend in the direction of the surface of the projectile casing and / or in the direction of the wall thickness of the projectile casing.
  • the grid may have meshes of uneven size. In particular, the size of the meshes of the grid can be adapted to the wall thickness of the projectile casing.
  • the predetermined breaking points extend parallel to a longitudinal axis of the projectile casing and / or along the circumference of the projectile casing.
  • the predetermined breaking points can be brought in an advantageous manner by automated methods in the projectile casing.
  • predetermined breaking points that run along the circumference can be generated during the rotation of the projectile casing about its longitudinal axis in a simple manner by means of a stationary generator.
  • the predetermined breaking points which run parallel to a longitudinal axis of the projectile casing, are unevenly spaced from each other and that the predetermined breaking points, which extend along the circumference of the projectile casing, are equally spaced from each other.
  • the wall thickness in the longitudinal direction is non-uniform, non-uniformly spaced apart predetermined breaking points in the longitudinal direction can cause a uniform splinter formation.
  • Such a predetermined breaking grid, in which the predetermined breaking points are non-uniformly spaced apart in the longitudinal direction can compensate for irregularities in the splinter formation. As a result, a uniform fragmentation can be effected even in a projectile casing with nonuniform wall thickness in the longitudinal direction.
  • the chips have a mass in the range of 5 g to 9 g.
  • Splinters in this mass range have proven to be particularly beneficial for the defense of offensive bodies, such as mortar shells or missiles, in the air. Due to their mass, they exhibit a kinetic energy during the explosion of the explosive projectile, which is suitable for neutralizing flying missiles. Such splinters can penetrate the shell of the attack body and prematurely bring about or prevent the ignition of an explosive charge of the attack body.
  • the predetermined breaking points are formed as points with reduced hardness.
  • the projectile casing may, in the event of detonation of the explosive charge, be more likely to break in the region of the predetermined breaking point.
  • the predetermined breaking points are formed as material structure changes.
  • a hardening grid can also be formed in the projectile casing.
  • the predetermined breaking points are formed by heat treatment, in particular by electron beam welding and / or laser welding.
  • heat treatment Through a heat treatment, the material of the projectile casing in a limited area can be temporarily melted. In the heat treated areas, material texture changes can be made in the projectile casing.
  • the material structure changes may be inhomogeneities in the material of the projectile casing, which act as predetermined breaking points. In particular, the changes in the material structure can have an increased brittleness compared to the rest of the material of the projectile casing.
  • predetermined breaking points as material structure changes running along the circumference of the projectile casing are formed, which extend over the entire wall thickness.
  • the projectile casing may have a predetermined breaking grid, which is formed from continuous material structure changes.
  • fragmentable projectile casing with an uneven wall thickness can also be used.
  • the initially mentioned object is achieved in that the predetermined breaking points are uneven in order to achieve uniform splinters be spaced apart, wherein the predetermined breaking points have a smaller distance from each other in a region of greater wall thickness.
  • the predetermined breaking points can be arranged at an irregular distance from each other. In this way, the number of chips whose mass is in a desired range can be increased. At the same time, the number of slivers that are too heavy and / or too light can be reduced. Thus, an improved fragmentation with an increased number of effective splinters can be made possible. The effect of the explosive projectile resulting from the fragmentation of the projectile casing can be improved.
  • the predetermined breaking points are obtained formed as in the direction of the longitudinal axis material structure changes that extend over the entire wall thickness.
  • predetermined breaking points in the longitudinal direction of the projectile casing can be formed.
  • the predetermined breaking points can extend over the entire wall thickness, whereby the predetermined breaking points break with detonation of the explosive charge with increased probability. The resulting from the fragmentation of the projectile casing effect of the explosive projectile can thus be improved.
  • the predetermined breaking points are introduced by heat treatment, in particular by electron beam welding and / or laser welding.
  • heat treatment Through a heat treatment, the material of the projectile casing in a limited area can be temporarily melted. In the heat treated areas, material texture changes can be made in the projectile casing. The material texture changes may be softer than the remaining material of the bullet casing, thereby acting as break points.
  • the predetermined breaking points can be introduced without contact into the projectile casing by means of a heat treatment. It is possible to create predetermined breaking points in the projectile casing without removing material from the projectile casing.
  • the projectile casing is moved relative to a stationary heat source.
  • the Heat source can be arranged immovably at a fixed position during the processing of the projectile casing.
  • the projectile casing can be moved by means of a receiving device below, above or at the side of the heat source. By moving the projectile casing, the arrangement of the predetermined breaking points on the projectile casing can be specified.
  • the surface of the projectile casing is smoothed after introduction of the predetermined breaking points.
  • the heat treatment can cause material increases on the surface of the projectile shell, which adversely affect the flight behavior of the projectile.
  • the material increases can be achieved by mechanical processes, such as turning, milling, planing, filing, grinding, lapping or vibratory grinding are removed.
  • Fig. 1 an explosive projectile 7 is shown, which is suitable for firing with a large caliber (eg caliber 155 mm) artillery gun.
  • the Explosive projectile 7 has a fragmentable projectile casing 1 and an explosive charge 3 arranged within the projectile casing 1. Furthermore, an igniter 9 is provided for igniting the explosive charge 3 in the front region of the explosive projectile 7.
  • a groove 10 is arranged, in which a guide strip can be accommodated.
  • a rotational movement can be transmitted to the explosive projectile 7 during the firing of the explosive projectile 7 from a drawn tube of the gun.
  • a propellant charge is introduced into the tube of the gun, which is fired to shoot the explosive projectile 7.
  • Large forces are transmitted to the area behind the groove 10.
  • the wall thickness W of the projectile casing 1 rises in the region of the groove 10.
  • the wall thickness W runs unevenly in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the projectile casing 1.
  • the effect of the explosive projectile 7 is based on the fragmentation of the projectile casing 1.
  • the projectile 7 is fired from the barrel of the gun in the direction of a target.
  • the detonation of the explosive charge 3 is brought about by means of the igniter 9.
  • the projectile casing 1 splinters into a plurality of splinters, which, accelerated by the detonation, act on the target. Due to the substantially cone-shaped spreading of the splinters after the detonation, the explosive projectile 7 is particularly suitable for the defense of attacking missiles, such as mortar shells or rockets.
  • explosive bullets are formed in the fragmentation of the projectile casing 1 in addition to effective splinters that can absorb enough kinetic energy due to their mass to act on the target, even those splinters due to low or too high mass not or only to a limited extent can affect the goal.
  • predetermined breaking points 2 distributed over the projectile casing 1 are provided for the shaping of splinters. As a result, a uniform splinter formation is achieved.
  • splinters having a mass in the range of 5 g to 9 g have proven to be particularly effective.
  • the stated range of masses of effective splinters may be different.
  • the predetermined breaking points 2 are formed as lines in the projectile casing 1, which are distributed over the projectile casing 1 in the manner of a grid.
  • the grid is formed of predetermined breaking points 2, which extend along the circumference U of the projectile casing 1 and are uniformly spaced from each other, and predetermined breaking points 2, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the projectile casing 1, and uneven distances from each other.
  • the predetermined breaking points 2 are spaced less far from each other than in areas having a smaller wall thickness W.
  • An area 12 with a small wall thickness W is located in the front, conical part of the projectile casing 1. In this region 12, the predetermined breaking points 2 are correspondingly widely spaced from each other.
  • the predetermined breaking points 2 are formed as points with reduced hardness, so that the projectile casing 1 has a hardening grid.
  • Such predetermined breaking points 2 can be formed by changes in material structure, which are produced by a heat treatment of the projectile casing 1, for example by electron beam welding or by laser welding. In such a heat treatment, the material structure of the projectile casing 1 can be changed in a limited to a few millimeters range. At the selected locations, the material is melted locally. In the subsequent cooling, the material then solidifies in a structure which has a reduced strength compared to the original material structure.
  • the material structure changes may be formed as martensite and / or as bainite, so-called intermediate structure. A material removal does not take place during the heat treatment.
  • Both the predetermined breaking points 2, which run in the direction of the longitudinal axis L, as well as the predetermined breaking points 2, which extend along the circumference U, are further introduced into the projectile casing 1 so that they extend over the entire wall thickness W.
  • the predetermined breaking points 2 are thus not limited to the surface 8 of the projectile casing 1, but penetrate the projectile casing 1 completely. Because of these consistently trained changes of the material structure, the probability of breakage in the fragmentation of the projectile casing 1 is increased both in the direction of the longitudinal axis L and along the circumference U at the predetermined predetermined breaking points 2.
  • the material of the moving below the heat source 5 projectile casing 1 is locally melted.
  • the area of the projectile casing 1, on which the heat source can act has a width of 1 mm to 3 mm and extends over the entire wall thickness W of the projectile casing 1.
  • material structure changes which act as predetermined breaking points 2.
  • predetermined breaking points 2 are introduced into the material, which form the solid lines of a grid.
  • the projectile casing 1 When processing the projectile casing 1 with the heat source 5, the projectile casing 1 is moved relative to the stationary heat source 5.
  • the receiving device 6 For producing predetermined breaking points 2, which extend along a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the projectile casing 1, the receiving device 6 moved together with the projectile casing 1 in the direction of the longitudinal axis L with respect to the heat source 5.
  • the receiving device 6 holds the projectile casing 1 in the region of the groove 10 and guides them in their movement parallel to the longitudinal axis L.
  • predetermined breaking points 2 which extend along the circumference U of the projectile casing 1, by rotation of the projectile casing 1 relative to the heat source 5.
  • the projectile casing 1 At its front end, the projectile casing 1 is rotatably mounted in a rotating device 4, with the projectile casing 1 below the Heat source 5 can be rotated.
  • the predetermined breaking points 2 are unevenly spaced apart to achieve uniform splinters.
  • a line-shaped predetermined breaking point 2 along the circumference U is generated by the fixed heat source 5 acts selectively on the projectile casing 1, while this rotates about the longitudinal axis L by 360 °.
  • the receiving device 6 is moved by a value corresponding to the distance of the two predetermined breaking points 2.
  • the distance of the predetermined breaking points is adapted to the wall thickness W of the projectile casing 1.
  • the projectile casing 1 For generating predetermined breaking points 2, which run along a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the projectile casing 1 is moved over its entire length relative to the heat source 5 by the receiving device 6.
  • a distance between the predetermined breaking points 2 running parallel to the longitudinal axis L can be achieved by rotating the projectile casing 1 in each case after the production of a predetermined breaking point 2 running along the longitudinal axis L by a predetermined angle. That way, be along the perimeter U equally spaced predetermined breaking points 2 generated, which extend along the longitudinal axis L. Since the wall thickness W of the projectile casing 1 is uniform along the circumference U, the distances between the predetermined breaking points 2 along the circumference are also uniform.
  • the predetermined breaking points 2 extending in the longitudinal direction L and along the circumference are formed as material structure changes which extend over the entire wall thickness W of the projectile casing 1.
  • the predetermined breaking points 2 to achieve uniform splinters are unevenly spaced from each other. In this way, the number of chips whose mass is in a desired range can be increased. At the same time, the number of slivers that are too heavy and / or too light can be reduced. Thus, an improved fragmentation with an increased number of effective splinters can be made possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Enveloppe de projectile fragmentable pour un projectile explosif (7) avec une épaisseur de paroi (W) non uniforme et avec des points destinés à la rupture (2) agencés de manière à être répartis sur l'enveloppe de projectile (1) pour le formage de fragments, dans laquelle les points destinés à la rupture (2) sont espacés les uns des autres de manière non uniforme pour l'obtention de fragments uniformes, dans laquelle les points destinés à la rupture (2) présentent dans une zone de plus grande épaisseur de paroi (W) une distance moindre les uns par rapport aux autres,caractérisée en ce que des points destinés à la rupture (7) sont réalisés sous la forme de modifications dans la structure du matériau s'étendant dans le sens de l'axe longitudinal (L) qui s'étendent sur l'épaisseur de paroi entière (W).
  2. Enveloppe de projectile selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les points destinés à la rupture (2) sont réalisés sous forme de trame et/ou sont réalisés sous forme de lignes.
  3. Enveloppe de projectile selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les points destinés à la rupture (2) s'étendent parallèlement à un axe longitudinal (L) de l'enveloppe de projectile (1) et le long de la périphérie (U) de l'enveloppe de projectile (1).
  4. Enveloppe de projectile selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les points destinés à la rupture (2) qui s'étendent parallèlement à un axe longitudinal (L) de l'enveloppe de projectile (1), sont espacés de manière non uniforme les uns des autres et en ce que les points destinés à la rupture (2) qui s'étendent le long de la périphérie (U) de l'enveloppe de projectile (1), sont espacés uniformément les uns des autres.
  5. Enveloppe de projectile selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les fragments présentent une masse comprise dans la plage allant de 5 à 9 g.
  6. Enveloppe de projectile selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les points destinés à la rupture (2) sont réalisés sous la forme de points avec une dureté réduite.
  7. Enveloppe de projectile selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les points destinés à la rupture (2) sont produits par traitement thermique, en particulier par soudage à faisceau électronique et/ou par soudage au laser.
  8. Enveloppe de projectile selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que des points destinés à la rupture (2) sont réalisés sous la forme de modifications dans la structure du matériau s'étendant le long de la périphérie (U) de l'enveloppe de projectile (1) qui s'étendent sur l'épaisseur de paroi entière (W).
  9. Procédé de traitement d'une enveloppe de projectile (1) fragmentable pour un projectile explosif (7) avec une épaisseur de paroi non uniforme (W) et avec des points destinés à la rupture (2) agencés de manière à être répartis sur l'enveloppe de projectile (1) pour le formage de fragments, dans lequel les points destinés à la rupture (2) sont espacés les uns des autres de manière non uniforme pour l'obtention de fragments uniformes, dans lequel les points destinés à la rupture (2) présentent dans une zone de plus grande épaisseur de paroi (W) une distance moindre les uns par rapport aux autres, caractérisé en ce que des points destinés à la rupture (2) sont réalisés sous la forme de modifications dans la structure du matériau s'étendant dans le sens de l'axe longitudinal (L) qui s'étendent sur l'épaisseur de paroi entière (W).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les points destinés à la rupture (2) sont introduits par traitement thermique, en particulier par soudage à faisceau électronique et/ou par soudage au laser.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe de projectile (1) est déplacée par rapport à une source thermique fixe (5).
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la surface (8) de l'enveloppe de projectile (1) est lissée après l'introduction des points destinés à la rupture (2).
EP11822889.9A 2010-12-15 2011-12-02 Enveloppe de projectile pour un projectile explosif et procédé de traitement d'une enveloppe de projectile Active EP2652437B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010061272 DE102010061272B3 (de) 2010-12-15 2010-12-15 Geschosshülle für ein Sprenggeschoss und Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Geschosshülle
PCT/DE2011/075296 WO2012097790A1 (fr) 2010-12-15 2011-12-02 Enveloppe de projectile pour un projectile explosif et procédé de traitement d'une enveloppe de projectile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2652437A1 EP2652437A1 (fr) 2013-10-23
EP2652437B1 true EP2652437B1 (fr) 2016-08-24

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EP11822889.9A Active EP2652437B1 (fr) 2010-12-15 2011-12-02 Enveloppe de projectile pour un projectile explosif et procédé de traitement d'une enveloppe de projectile

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US (1) US9568291B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2652437B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010061272B3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2600506T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012097790A1 (fr)

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US10578411B2 (en) * 2014-12-18 2020-03-03 Raytheon Company Explosive device with casing having voids therein
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US11454480B1 (en) 2019-06-12 2022-09-27 Corvid Technologies LLC Methods for forming munitions casings and casings and munitions formed thereby

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US20130255524A1 (en) 2013-10-03
EP2652437A1 (fr) 2013-10-23
WO2012097790A1 (fr) 2012-07-26
US9568291B2 (en) 2017-02-14
ES2600506T3 (es) 2017-02-09
DE102010061272B3 (de) 2013-04-25

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