EP2636860B1 - Vorrichtung zur Nockenwellenverstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur Nockenwellenverstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2636860B1 EP2636860B1 EP13171054.3A EP13171054A EP2636860B1 EP 2636860 B1 EP2636860 B1 EP 2636860B1 EP 13171054 A EP13171054 A EP 13171054A EP 2636860 B1 EP2636860 B1 EP 2636860B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- tappet
- camshaft
- control groove
- constructed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
- F01L2013/0052—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for adjusting the camshaft of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of the main claim. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for camshaft adjustment, in particular method for operating such a generic device.
- Such a device is from the DE 196 11 641 C1 known.
- This document describes the background and context of the invention, including the constructive realization of the camshaft, their storage and their interaction with the internal combustion engine, which is not discussed in detail in the present application.
- this known device describes how an actuating element (plunger or actuating pin) by cooperation with a cam associated Hubprofil can cause an axial, predetermined adjustment of the camshaft, such as the purpose of offering a cam different cam tracks switchable.
- the known device typically requires several plungers (confirmation pins), such as the FIG. 2 of the DE 196 11 641 C1 , it can be seen, so that, depending on the axial displacement position of the Hubprofilan extract, each engage a suitably opposing pin and can cause the respective intended axial displacement.
- This is structurally complex and requires a corresponding amount of installation space at the site.
- Object of the present invention is to simplify a controlled by plunger, superordinate device constructive, in particular the provision of multiple, axially spaced ram (actuation pins) to make unnecessary and to increase operational safety and ease of maintenance.
- the two different penetration depths according to the invention make it possible to provide the tappet unit at a (single) axial mounting location, which, depending on the set activation (penetration depth and / or width of the engagement portion of the tappet), Accordingly, the control grooves (grooves) can selectively select and depart, which then the intended respective axial displacement of the camshaft is effected upon rotation of the Hubprofilelements.
- the first and second control grooves are designed so that the camshaft can be adjusted by means of the first axial movement and the second axial movement from a starting position to a first axially displaced position and back to the starting position by the action of the plunger unit controlling the control unit, and the Hubprofilelement a third control groove adjacent and / or partially overlapping with the first and the second control groove and the third control groove describes a third axial movement of the camshaft, wherein the third control groove is formed and / or arranged such that by the action of the plunger unit controlling the control camshaft from the starting position or the first axially displaced position in a second axially displaced position, which is different from the starting position and the first axially displaced position, can be moved.
- the plunger is designed in several parts by means of plunger elements (inner / outer plunger) guided into one another, advantageously in accordance with the invention in conjunction with an associated electromagnetic adjustment device which assigns each plunger to an armature unit which is preferably driven or moved separately from one another.
- Figures 1 to 4 illustrate how the control grooves (in the manner of webs) in the Hubprofilelement shown (cam piece) run; as in this context, in particular the FIGS. 9 to 11 can recognize, the ram unit has a (a narrow engaging portion 11 forming) inner plunger 10 and a surrounding sleeve-shaped outer plunger 12, wherein, in the manner to be described below, both plungers are actuated independently by electromagnetic control independently.
- the inner tappet makes it possible to realize a greater penetration depth (in conjunction with a narrower groove profile, Figure 3 . 4 ), the wider outer tappet (hollow tappet) can not fully penetrate into the depth of such a narrow bottom region forming groove.
- the present invention makes it possible by means of an example in the Fig. 9 to 11 shown two-piece ram unit to realize a total of relative movement (axial displacement) of the Hubprofilelementes between three positions (with the effect that a single - multi-part - ram unit must be mounted and accordingly no additional axial installation space with corresponding additional effort is needed).
- the settlements of the Fig. 5 to 8 The respective Nutenbahnverincome (control grooves) are symbolized by thick black bars or bar sections (ie wide groove) and dashed / dotted Nutenbahnverstructure (narrow groove), deepened in overlapping even within a wide groove narrow groove. Furthermore, the two-part pestle is symbolized by a black dot ( Fig. 1 . Fig. 8 , Activation by the inner tappet), and a circle or ring as a symbol ( Fig. 6 . Fig. 7 ), corresponding to the sleeve-shaped hollow or outer plunger.
- the Fig. 5 illustrates first how, as shown by engagement of the extended inner tappet 10 in the deep groove shown (arrow 20 of the Fig. 5 ) a right shift of the scenery is effected, up to the position of Fig. 6 (The plunger position remains unchanged in all examples).
- the outer tappet would describe the broad groove track described with arrows 22, so that then the backdrop shown is moved from the right position back to the basic position (center position).
- Fig. 7 shows how a left shift is effected from the middle position, by means of the outer sleeve;
- Fig. 8 illustrates the reset from the left position to the basic position (center position) by means of inner tappets.
- the groove or track courses of Fig. 5 to 8 Insofar serve to further clarify the structural design of the Hubprofilelements according to embodiment of the Fig. 1 to 4 ,
- Fig. 9 to 11 show in schematic form the constructive realization of the actuator as an electromagnetic actuator with two anchors; an inner tappet (anchor) 10, which has a permanent magnet 14 for cooperation with a (stationary) core 13, and a second armature 12a, which merges into the hollow tappet.
- the flat armature 12a (thus the hollow tappet 12) is moved downward.
- the permanent magnet 14 of the inner tappet 10 ensures that in this operation, the inner tappet on the core 13 and thus in the in Fig. 9 shown, retracted position remains.
- Fig. 10 shows the hollow rams extended in this way; a mark "X" of one of the coils symbolizes the energized state.
- the permanent magnet has to be wound by a coil I (reference 18) (surrounding the core 13). be repelled (with appropriate energization of the coil I).
- the hollow tappet (by means of the flat armature) is automatically pulled in the plane of the drawing up, so that the hollow tappet can not be extended, it results in the operating condition of Figure 11 ,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007037232A DE102007037232A1 (de) | 2007-08-07 | 2007-08-07 | Vorrichtung zur Nockenwellenverstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| EP08785345.3A EP2082120B1 (de) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-05 | Vorrichtung zur nockenwellenverstellung einer brennkraftmaschine |
Related Parent Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08785345.3 Division | 2008-08-05 | ||
| EP08785345.3A Division EP2082120B1 (de) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-05 | Vorrichtung zur nockenwellenverstellung einer brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2636860A1 EP2636860A1 (de) | 2013-09-11 |
| EP2636860B1 true EP2636860B1 (de) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=40029144
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13171054.3A Active EP2636860B1 (de) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-05 | Vorrichtung zur Nockenwellenverstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| EP08785345.3A Active EP2082120B1 (de) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-05 | Vorrichtung zur nockenwellenverstellung einer brennkraftmaschine |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08785345.3A Active EP2082120B1 (de) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-05 | Vorrichtung zur nockenwellenverstellung einer brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8186320B2 (https=) |
| EP (2) | EP2636860B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP5241836B2 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN101548069B (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE102007037232A1 (https=) |
| RU (1) | RU2476692C2 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2009018991A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (45)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007010149A1 (de) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-04 | Audi Ag | Ventiltrieb für Gaswechselventile einer Brennkraftmaschine mit verschiebbarem Nockenträger und Doppelschneckentrieb |
| DE102007029116A1 (de) | 2007-06-25 | 2009-01-02 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Mikrocontrollers und einer Ausführungseinheit sowie ein Mikrocontroller und eine Ausführungseinheit |
| DE102008029325A1 (de) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Daimler Ag | Ventiltriebvorrichtung |
| DE102008029349A1 (de) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Daimler Ag | Ventiltriebvorrichtung |
| DE102008060170A1 (de) | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-02 | Dr.Ing.H.C.F.Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102008060167B4 (de) | 2008-11-27 | 2021-05-27 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE202009015465U1 (de) | 2009-02-14 | 2010-02-25 | Schaeffler Kg | Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102010013216B4 (de) * | 2009-04-04 | 2022-04-28 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE202009011804U1 (de) | 2009-09-01 | 2011-01-13 | Eto Magnetic Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Nockenwellenverstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102009056609A1 (de) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-09 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung |
| JP5510095B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-15 | 2014-06-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の可変動弁装置 |
| DE102010053359A1 (de) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-06 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schiebenockensystem mit Schiebenuten und Arretierungen |
| DE102012204621A1 (de) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-26 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Nockenstück für einen variablen Schiebenockenventiltrieb |
| JP6003185B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-25 | 2016-10-05 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンのカムシフティング装置 |
| DE102012210212B4 (de) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-12-11 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schiebenockensystem einer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit X-förmig angeordneten Schiebenuten und Weichen |
| DE102012106824A1 (de) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Eto Magnetic Gmbh | Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung |
| DE102012222113A1 (de) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-18 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ventiltrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| JP6056485B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | スズキ株式会社 | 内燃機関の可変動弁装置 |
| DE102013201827A1 (de) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-07 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Diagnoseverfahren eines Ventiltrieb-Aktuators |
| DE102013202132A1 (de) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-14 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schiebenockenaktor mit Abdichtung |
| DE102013102241A1 (de) | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-11 | Kendrion (Villingen) Gmbh | Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung, insbesondere zur Nockenwellenverstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| KR101448778B1 (ko) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-10-13 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 다단 가변 밸브 리프트 장치 |
| CN103306776B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-09-09 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | 用于发动机的可变气门升程装置、发动机和车辆 |
| CN103437894B (zh) * | 2013-08-13 | 2017-03-22 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | 发动机停缸控制装置及控制方法 |
| DE102013221244A1 (de) | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-23 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur Nockenwellenverstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102014217167A1 (de) | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-17 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Aktorvorrichtung in modularem Aufbau |
| DE102014217755A1 (de) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Aktorvorrichtung für Schiebenockensysteme |
| DE102014220266A1 (de) | 2014-10-07 | 2016-04-07 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Aktorvorrichtung mit Hülsenabstützung an einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| EP3016117B1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2017-12-06 | Husco Automotive Holdings LLC | Push pin actuator apparatus |
| DE102014017036B3 (de) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-03-24 | Audi Ag | Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine sowie entsprechende Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102015103761A1 (de) | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-29 | Kendrion (Villingen) Gmbh | Stellelement zum axialen Verschieben einer entlang einer Nockenwellenachse verschiebbar gelagerten Nockenwelle |
| US10539051B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2020-01-21 | Borgwarner Inc. | Valve operating system providing variable valve lift and/or variable valve timing |
| DE102016005454A1 (de) * | 2016-05-03 | 2017-11-09 | Daimler Ag | Ventiltriebvorrichtung, insbesondere für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
| CN105850316A (zh) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-08-17 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院农业工程研究所 | 栽植臂摆动控制组合凸轮 |
| CN106121764A (zh) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-16 | 杰锋汽车动力系统股份有限公司 | 一种用于可变气门升程系统的凸轮轴调节装置 |
| US20180094554A1 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Variable camshaft |
| DE102016220612A1 (de) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | Mahle International Gmbh | Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102016124851A1 (de) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-21 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| JP6438987B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-12-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 可変動弁装置 |
| DE102017114575A1 (de) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Variabler Ventiltrieb |
| DE102017116987A1 (de) * | 2017-07-27 | 2019-01-31 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Schiebenockensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| KR102177594B1 (ko) | 2017-08-17 | 2020-11-11 | 바르실라 핀랜드 오이 | 내연 피스톤 엔진을 위한 캠샤프트 어셈블리 및 적어도 2 개의 작동 모드들에서 작동하도록 내연 피스톤 엔진을 전환하는 방법 |
| DE102017121947A1 (de) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-21 | Kendrion (Villingen) Gmbh | Stellvorrichtung mit einem abgedichteten Führungszylinder |
| DE102018110705A1 (de) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | Man Truck & Bus Se | Variabler Ventiltrieb |
| DE102019107626A1 (de) | 2019-03-25 | 2020-10-01 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Schiebenockensystem und Motor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB191210648A (en) | 1911-07-24 | 1912-10-24 | Juhana Kylliainen | Improvements in or relating to Reversing Gear for Internal Combustion Engines. |
| GB191410648A (en) | 1914-04-30 | 1914-11-19 | Robert William Richards | Improvements in the Lubrication of Internal Combustion Engines. |
| JPS5244314A (en) | 1975-10-06 | 1977-04-07 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Variable valve-timing device |
| JPS60263762A (ja) * | 1984-06-13 | 1985-12-27 | Japan Tobacco Inc | 往復軸駆動装置 |
| JPS62184118U (https=) * | 1986-05-16 | 1987-11-21 | ||
| JPH0450572Y2 (https=) * | 1987-12-25 | 1992-11-30 | ||
| GB9021270D0 (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1990-11-14 | Mitchell Stephen W | Improvements in or relating to driving connections between two rotatable bodies |
| AT408127B (de) * | 1992-07-13 | 2001-09-25 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | Brennkraftmaschine mit mindestens einer durch eine verstellvorrichtung axial verschiebbaren nockenwelle |
| DE19611641C1 (de) | 1996-03-25 | 1997-06-05 | Porsche Ag | Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| JP4259017B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2009-04-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の可変動弁装置 |
| DE10148177B4 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2015-05-13 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Ventiltrieb mit Ventilhubumschaltung für die Gaswechselventiele eines 4-Takt-Verbrennungsmotors |
| DE10148178A1 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-17 | Ina Schaeffler Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Senkung von Kraftstoffverbrauch und Schadstoffemission eines 4-Takt-Verbrennungsmotors |
| DE102004011586A1 (de) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-10-07 | Audi Ag | Ventiltrieb einer einen Zylinderkopf aufweisenden Brennkraftmaschine |
| EP1503048B1 (de) * | 2003-07-19 | 2008-10-08 | Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102004008670B4 (de) * | 2004-02-21 | 2013-04-11 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Ventiltrieb mit Nockenumschaltung für die Gaswechselventile eines 4-Takt-Verbrennungsmotors |
| DE102004037198A1 (de) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-03-23 | Ina-Schaeffler Kg | Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102005003079B4 (de) * | 2005-01-22 | 2014-12-31 | Audi Ag | Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Ventiltrieb |
| DE102007010149A1 (de) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-04 | Audi Ag | Ventiltrieb für Gaswechselventile einer Brennkraftmaschine mit verschiebbarem Nockenträger und Doppelschneckentrieb |
| DE102008060167B4 (de) * | 2008-11-27 | 2021-05-27 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE202009011804U1 (de) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-01-13 | Eto Magnetic Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Nockenwellenverstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
-
2007
- 2007-08-07 DE DE102007037232A patent/DE102007037232A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-08-05 JP JP2010519371A patent/JP5241836B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-05 CN CN200880000894.7A patent/CN101548069B/zh active Active
- 2008-08-05 RU RU2009116263/06A patent/RU2476692C2/ru active
- 2008-08-05 EP EP13171054.3A patent/EP2636860B1/de active Active
- 2008-08-05 US US12/514,510 patent/US8186320B2/en active Active
- 2008-08-05 WO PCT/EP2008/006417 patent/WO2009018991A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-08-05 EP EP08785345.3A patent/EP2082120B1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101548069A (zh) | 2009-09-30 |
| US8186320B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
| US20100126445A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
| RU2476692C2 (ru) | 2013-02-27 |
| WO2009018991A1 (de) | 2009-02-12 |
| EP2636860A1 (de) | 2013-09-11 |
| CN101548069B (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
| JP2010535964A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
| DE102007037232A1 (de) | 2009-02-12 |
| EP2082120A1 (de) | 2009-07-29 |
| EP2082120B1 (de) | 2013-10-09 |
| RU2009116263A (ru) | 2010-11-10 |
| JP5241836B2 (ja) | 2013-07-17 |
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