EP2617855B1 - Niedrig legierter Stahl und damit hergestellte Bauteile - Google Patents

Niedrig legierter Stahl und damit hergestellte Bauteile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2617855B1
EP2617855B1 EP12198668.1A EP12198668A EP2617855B1 EP 2617855 B1 EP2617855 B1 EP 2617855B1 EP 12198668 A EP12198668 A EP 12198668A EP 2617855 B1 EP2617855 B1 EP 2617855B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel
parts
steels
components
boron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12198668.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2617855A2 (de
EP2617855A3 (de
Inventor
Ernst-Peter Schmitz
Ottmar Schwarz
Thomas Körner
Peter Kolbe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gesenkschmiede Schneider GmbH
Original Assignee
Gesenkschmiede Schneider GmbH
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Priority to PL12198668T priority Critical patent/PL2617855T3/pl
Publication of EP2617855A2 publication Critical patent/EP2617855A2/de
Publication of EP2617855A3 publication Critical patent/EP2617855A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2617855B1 publication Critical patent/EP2617855B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low alloy steel with excellent processability, scale resistance and components made therefrom.
  • Low alloy refers to steels in which no alloying element exceeds an average content of 5 percent by mass.
  • Silicon steel of various composition is from the GB 2173216A known.
  • the EP1961832A1 and the US 5846344A reveal highly elastic steels with one Carbon content up to 0.6%; and Si up to 2.5% and possibly some B - but they use expensive special elements such as Mn, Nb and V to obtain the desired elasticity.
  • the well-known 42CrMoS4 IM steel has a composition of Chemical composition (% by weight) min Max C 0.38 0.45 Si 0.40 Mn 0.70 0.90 P 0,035 S 0,035 Cr 0.90 1.20 Not a word 0.15 0.30
  • Carbon lowers the melting point and increases the hardness and tensile strength through the formation of Fe3C. In larger quantities it increased the brittleness and lowered the forging ability, weldability, elongation at break and notched impact strength. In particular, moldability is lowered when it is added in a large amount. Here, therefore, the addition must be low.
  • Chromium lowers the critical cooling rate, increases wear resistance, heat resistance, scale resistance.
  • the tensile strength is increased because chromium acts as a carbide former. From 12.2% by weight it increases the corrosion resistance (stainless steel), acts as a ferrite stabilizer. Unfortunately, it reduces impact energy and weldability, lowers heat and electrical conductivity. With chromium additives the best results of hardening or hardening are achieved.
  • Molybdenum also increases hardenability and advantageously complements chromium.
  • Mo improves the heat resistance as well as the tempering resistance, a property that is particularly important in tempering.
  • Sulfur increases the machinability, but reduces the ductility and thus forgeability of the iron alloy.
  • the well-known steel 42CrMo4 is extensively used. With the properties described, the materials are suitable for high and highest dynamic and static stability. Their application results from the required strength and toughness values, but always the dimensioning of the components must be taken into account.
  • the mechanical workability of these steels, especially in hot and / or cold forming processes is excellent and they are therefore used extensively in vehicle construction, mechanical engineering, Oroßmotorenbau etc. For certain applications, however, they are not sufficiently resistant to scaling (thermally highly stressed parts) and do not have sufficient strength for lightweight steel components
  • the required load increases the aluminum alloy used until then for cars is less and less grown.
  • a two-part solution consisting of a heavy-duty piston upper part and the piston skirt.
  • the material 42CrMo4 in tempered design is also frequently chosen.
  • the strength of these components is between 870 and 1080 MPa.
  • the heat resistance, alternating load resistance, thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance of this tempering steel are just sufficient for the present conditions.
  • the invention accordingly relates to low-alloy steel with the composition of claim 1.
  • the steels according to the invention contain at least 92.00% by weight of iron, preferably at least 96.00% by weight of iron. It is favorable if impurities and unavoidable elements are present in concentrations of less than 0.10% by weight, preferably less than 0.05% by weight.
  • a typical application is for components, in particular machine components, with a tensile strength of> 950-1250 [MPa], a yield strength of> 700 to about 770 [MPa]; an elongation at break> 10% and a scale resistance of about 600 ° C to about 650 ° C and more.
  • Typical such components are engine components selected from the group consisting of pistons, also for internal combustion engines, crankshafts, connecting rods, steering parts, valve parts, conveyor belt parts, in particular for hot parts; but also power plant components; Fasteners for heat resistant areas, steam turbine parts, combustor parts for gas or oil burners; Exhaust systems and their parts.
  • the properties of steels of the invention over known steels are 42CrMo4 42TBSi Tensile strength (Mpa) > 900 - 1100 1000-1200 Yield strength (Mpa) > 650 > 750 elongation > 12% > 10% scaling resistance up to 550 ° C up to approx. 650 ° C heat treatment QT QT workability: Good Good Reibschoir : Good analysis DIN EN 10083 DIN EN 10083 plus
  • the costs for the steel according to the invention are approximately equal to those of 42CrMo4, but at the same time a considerable increase in the scale strength by 100-150 ° C. and more and yield strength occurs.
  • the yield strength increases by about 100 MPa for the steels according to the invention, accompanied by a slight reduction in the elongation at break.
  • the processing does not change and can be carried out with the usual tools and procedures.
  • a typical steel according to the invention has a composition of: Chemical composition (% by weight) min Max C 0.38 0.45 Cr 0.9 1.2 Not a word 0 0.3 Mn 0.6 0.9 Ti 0.04 0.04 Si 4 4 B 0.005 0.005
  • Titanium prevents intergranular corrosion due to TiC formation in iron alloys.
  • the strong nitride former (titanium) serves u.a. to protect boron by reaction with nitrogen.
  • titanium serves u.a. to protect boron by reaction with nitrogen.
  • nitrogen is fixed with titanium, satisfactory hardenability occurs in the temperature range up to 1000 ° C when the steel contains about 5-20 ppm of boron.
  • Ti is used to deoxidize the steel and to fix C and N as TiC and TiN, respectively.
  • the Ti content must therefore be at least 0.02%.
  • the upper limit of the Ti content is defined as 0.08%.
  • Boron increases the yield strength and strength of the steel, even when added in the smallest amounts. It also acts as a neutron absorber and makes the steel suitable for nuclear power plant and similar applications.
  • the addition of boron in an amount of up to 0.01% on austenitic steels also improves their high temperature resistance. Boron steels are high quality cold formed steels. The basic effect of boron in steel is shown in the improvement of hardenability, which is already evident at a very low concentration of 0.0010% boron. Even in the small amount up to 100 ppm, boron increases the hardenability more than other, more expensive elements that have to be used in much larger quantities
  • An outstanding feature of boron steels is the improvement of hardenability through the addition of even minute amounts of boron between 3 and 15 ppm.
  • the amount of boron is critical because an excessive amount of boron (> 30 ppm) can reduce toughness, lead to embrittlement and heat brittleness.
  • the effect of boron on hardenability also depends on the amount of carbon in the steel, with the effect of boron increasing in inverse proportion to the percentage of carbon present.
  • Boron may also be ineffective if its condition is altered by improper heat treatment. For example, a high austenitizing temperature must be avoided as well as temperature ranges in which certain boron precipitates occur.
  • the hardenability of steel is largely due to the behavior of oxygen, carbon and nitrogen in steel. Boron reacts with oxygen to form bromide (B 2 O 3 ); with carbon to iron borcementite (Fe 3 (GB)) and iron boron carbide (Fe 23 (CB) 6 ) and with nitrogen to boron nitride (BN). Boron loss can be by oxygen.
  • the hardenability of boron steel is also closely related to austenitic conditions and usually falls by heating above 1000 ° C. Boron steels must also be tempered at a lower temperature than other alloyed steels of the same hardenability.
  • the steels according to the invention are used for many applications, such as wear-resistant material and as high-strength steel. Examples include punching tools, spades, knives, saw blades, safety supports in vehicles, etc.
  • Boron steels are indicated when the base material meets the mechanical requirements (toughness, wear resistance, etc.), but the hardenability is insufficient for the intended section size. Instead of requiring a higher alloyed and thus expensive steel, a user may employ appropriate amounts of boron, thereby providing suitable hardenability.
  • a 42TBSi cast steel billet is forged to a piston at 1150 ° C in a forging process.
  • This piston thus prepared is used in a conventional manner as a combustion chamber for a gas engine. After a burning period of several months, no scaling of the steel surface of the bulb was found in the firing range / ignition range. By contrast, an identical piston made of 42CrMoS4 already showed clear signs of scaling after 70% of this time.
  • a forged steel billet of conventional 42CrMo4 (Sample 4) and a steel billet of steel according to the invention (42CrMo4 + 4% Si + 0.04 wt% Ti and 0.005 wt% B) (Sample 6) were transferred to an electric air circulation furnace and at 700 ° C annealed in the oven for 5 h.
  • the controlled circulating air atmosphere with normal air in the oven always ensured the same amount of oxygen.
  • Two more samples of conventional 42CrMo4 (Sample 4) and the steel of the invention (Sample 6) were annealed in the same furnace under the same conditions but at 750 ° C for 5 hours.
  • the measured steel billets each came from cast, forged blocks, forged down to 45 mm diameter.
  • the upper one of the 42CrMo4 steel after annealing at 700 ° C and ground down by the same conditions Annealed steel alloy according to the invention shows that the scale layer in the Si steel according to the invention is considerably thinner (8 micrometers compared to 30 micrometers) than in the conventional 42CrMo4 steel without addition of silicon - the Si steel material according to the invention thus scales up much slower / less.
  • Fig. 2 shows the same steel billets in a 5h annealing in the same convection oven at 750 ° C
  • the upper sample is the 42 CrMo4 steel and a compared to the treatment at 700 ° C thickened scale layer of max. 44 micrometers has formed, while the steel according to the invention a thin scale layer of max. 5 micrometers shows.
  • the silicon steel according to the invention is attacked oxidatively much less at elevated temperatures of oxygen than conventional low-alloyed CrMo4 steel.
  • the steels of the invention thus achieve a scale strength that could previously be achieved only with expensive additives.
  • Fig. 3 is a compilation of the properties of 42CrMo4 steels with silicon alloy up to about 4% depending on the silicon content and the temperature of the thermal aging graphically.
  • the abscissa indicates the Si content in% by weight of a basic alloy 42CrMo4, while the left-hand ordinate indicates the tensile strength UTS in MPa. On the right ordinate the notched impact strength (KU) is indicated.
  • the properties also depend on the tempering temperature (low tempering / high tempering).
  • the high tempering temperature at about 0.5 wt.% Si was 680 ° C while the low tempering temperature was 630 ° C. With an addition of about 2.5 Si, the high tempering temperature was 730 ° C and the low tempering temperature was 680 ° C. It can be clearly seen that with increasing Si content - depending on the tempering temperature - the tensile strength increases, while constriction and impact strength decrease.
  • a higher tempering temperature deteriorates the impact value and constriction RoFa; whereas the RoFa constriction at low silicon content is higher for tempered steel than at low tempered steel - this RoFa ratio of Steel tempered with low temperature compared to RoFa of steel tempered with higher temperature reverses with increasing Si content; while the impact strength at higher silicon content becomes almost independent of the tempering temperature.
  • the tensile strength increases with increasing tempering temperature and increasing Si content.
  • the invention thus also relates to machine components or components with a tensile strength of 1000 [MPa] and more for varying mechanical loads up to a temperature of 630 ° C, formed from a thermally tempered steel alloy according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to engine and / or drive components of vehicles.
  • inventive low-alloy tempered steels are now used advantageously.
  • Use of steel alloys having a composition equal to that of tempered steels of the aforesaid kind has proven useful for producing highly stressed machine components, with their fatigue and thermal resistance properties sufficient for mechanical cycling in the limit of the materials used.
  • the description of the invention is merely exemplary and variations familiar to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
EP12198668.1A 2012-01-19 2012-12-20 Niedrig legierter Stahl und damit hergestellte Bauteile Not-in-force EP2617855B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12198668T PL2617855T3 (pl) 2012-01-19 2012-12-20 Stal niskostopowa i wykonane z niej elementy konstrukcyjne

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012100444 2012-01-19
DE102012111679A DE102012111679A1 (de) 2012-01-19 2012-11-30 Niedrig legierter Stahl und damit hergestellte Bauteile

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2617855A2 EP2617855A2 (de) 2013-07-24
EP2617855A3 EP2617855A3 (de) 2013-09-11
EP2617855B1 true EP2617855B1 (de) 2016-09-28

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EP12198668.1A Not-in-force EP2617855B1 (de) 2012-01-19 2012-12-20 Niedrig legierter Stahl und damit hergestellte Bauteile

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10041157B2 (es)
EP (1) EP2617855B1 (es)
BR (1) BR102013001355B1 (es)
DE (1) DE102012111679A1 (es)
LT (1) LT2617855T (es)
MX (1) MX356197B (es)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014010600A1 (de) 2014-07-18 2016-01-21 DST Defence Service Tracks GmbH Legierung zur Herstellung eines dünnwandigen Stahlbauteils
DE102015105448A1 (de) 2015-04-09 2016-10-13 Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh Legierter Stahl und damit hergestellte Bauteile
EP3333277B1 (en) 2015-08-05 2019-04-24 Sidenor Investigación y Desarrollo, S.A. High-strength low-alloy steel with high resistance to high-temperature oxidation
CN109182650A (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-01-11 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 一种汽车曲轴用钢42CrMoH的生产方法
DE102022108997A1 (de) * 2022-04-13 2023-10-19 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Kolbenrohling, kolben und verfahren

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19549094A1 (de) * 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Hyundai Motor Co Ltd Hochfeste legierte Stahlzusammensetzung für Spiralfedern

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US1401925A (en) * 1920-06-14 1921-12-27 George W Sargent Alloy steel
CA1233644A (en) * 1985-04-01 1988-03-08 Glenn E. Hoffman Method of producing ferro alloys
JPS62112753A (ja) * 1985-11-12 1987-05-23 Toyota Motor Corp 高強度鋳鋼製品の製造方法
JP2932943B2 (ja) * 1993-11-04 1999-08-09 株式会社神戸製鋼所 高耐食性高強度ばね用鋼材
US5776267A (en) 1995-10-27 1998-07-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Spring steel with excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and fatigue
JP4044460B2 (ja) * 2003-02-28 2008-02-06 大同特殊鋼株式会社 冷間成形ばね用鋼
WO2005106059A1 (ja) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Jfe Steel Corporation 機械構造用部品およびその製造方法
JP4027956B2 (ja) * 2006-01-23 2007-12-26 株式会社神戸製鋼所 耐脆性破壊特性に優れた高強度ばね鋼およびその製造方法
KR100797895B1 (ko) * 2006-12-22 2008-01-24 성진경 표면 (100) 면 형성 방법, 이를 이용한 무방향성 전기강판의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 무방향성 전기강판
DE102007006875A1 (de) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-14 Benteler Stahl/Rohr Gmbh Verwendung einer Stahllegierung als Werkstoff zur Herstellung von dynamisch belasteten Rohrbauteilen und Rohrbauteil
JP4163239B1 (ja) * 2007-05-25 2008-10-08 株式会社神戸製鋼所 疲労特性に優れた高清浄度ばね用鋼および高清浄度ばね
EP2313535B8 (en) * 2008-07-24 2021-09-29 CRS Holdings, LLC High strength, high toughness steel alloy
JP5334769B2 (ja) * 2009-09-10 2013-11-06 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 高強度ボルト
JP5711539B2 (ja) * 2011-01-06 2015-05-07 中央発條株式会社 腐食疲労強度に優れるばね

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19549094A1 (de) * 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Hyundai Motor Co Ltd Hochfeste legierte Stahlzusammensetzung für Spiralfedern

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10041157B2 (en) 2018-08-07
BR102013001355A2 (pt) 2014-12-02
US20130189146A1 (en) 2013-07-25
BR102013001355B1 (pt) 2019-02-26
DE102012111679A1 (de) 2013-07-25
MX2013000620A (es) 2013-07-18
EP2617855A2 (de) 2013-07-24
MX356197B (es) 2018-05-18
LT2617855T (lt) 2017-03-27
EP2617855A3 (de) 2013-09-11

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