EP2595910A1 - Contrôle non destructif d'un élément porteur d'un équipement élévateur - Google Patents

Contrôle non destructif d'un élément porteur d'un équipement élévateur

Info

Publication number
EP2595910A1
EP2595910A1 EP11730303.2A EP11730303A EP2595910A1 EP 2595910 A1 EP2595910 A1 EP 2595910A1 EP 11730303 A EP11730303 A EP 11730303A EP 2595910 A1 EP2595910 A1 EP 2595910A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support element
receiving unit
support member
radiation
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11730303.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Josef Husmann
Guntram Begle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to EP11730303.2A priority Critical patent/EP2595910A1/fr
Publication of EP2595910A1 publication Critical patent/EP2595910A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/952—Inspecting the exterior surface of cylindrical bodies or wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
    • B66B7/1207—Checking means
    • B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
    • B66B7/1238—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables by optical techniques
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/145—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising elements for indicating or detecting the rope or cable status
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2301/00—Controls
    • D07B2301/25—System input signals, e.g. set points
    • D07B2301/252—Temperature
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2301/00—Controls
    • D07B2301/55—Sensors
    • D07B2301/5531—Sensors using electric means or elements
    • D07B2301/5581—Sensors using electric means or elements using cameras

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for non-destructive testing of a support element of an elevator installation.
  • An elevator installation is installed in a building and consists essentially of a cabin which is supported by one or more support elements.
  • a drive acts on the support elements in order to move the cabin along substantially guide rails.
  • the elevator system is used to transport people and goods within the building over single or multiple floors.
  • the support elements can be configured as individual round cables made of metal (steel). Each round rope has e.g. A diameter of about 8 - 10 mm and is stranded from individual strands, which in turn consist of individual wires. The round ropes are usually not sheathed, so that the stranding is visible on their surfaces. Depending on the application, these support elements may also be sheathed; the individual strands or wires are then not visible.
  • the support members may also be flat ropes or flat belts, which have a rectangular cross section, i. such flat belts are wider than high (thick).
  • a flat belt consists of individual thin steel cables or tension members, which are embedded in a plastic and are covered by this.
  • the steel cables, or tensile carriers absorb tensile forces, while the plastic u.a. the steel cables protect against external environmental influences and z.
  • B. provides for a desired traction on a traction sheave the elevator system.
  • the support members may also consist of tension members in the form of non-metallic ropes and strands.
  • non-metallic strands or tensile carriers can be produced, for example, from carbon fibers, silicon fibers, aramid fibers or glass fibers, etc.
  • These non-metallic ropes or strands are usually in one Embedded plastic jacket.
  • the ropes or strands absorb tensile forces, while the plastic sheath protects, inter alia, the cables or strands against external environmental influences and in turn ensures a desired traction on a traction sheave of the elevator installation.
  • These non-metallic support elements can also be designed with a round shape in the form of flat ropes or flat belts.
  • Regularly checked support elements It is checked whether defects such as kinks, looping, breaks of strands and wires, loosening of the outer layer, or bruises have occurred.
  • Various technologies and procedures can be used for verification. Known methods are based, for example, on a visual inspection by a service technician or measurement of electrical (e.g., resistance) or magnetic properties (e.g., magnetic flux).
  • electrical e.g., resistance
  • magnetic properties e.g., magnetic flux
  • No. 5,898,765 discloses a method in which a magnetic field is generated by means of a magnetization head, by means of which a carrier element is moved in the axial direction.
  • the support element is magnetically saturated at a first location.
  • a scanning device is provided, by means of the magnetic flux changes in
  • Support member are set, which are set in relation to a cross-sectional area change in the support member. It is described in US Pat. No. 5,804,964 that, in the event of interruptions of individual wires, stray fields can also occur, which form the support element
  • the present invention is therefore based on an object to provide a technology for reliable and non-destructive testing of a support element, in particular a provided with a sheathing support member of an elevator system.
  • the test of the support member is to provide reliable data, which allow to obtain relevant information about the actual state of the support member, so that its Ablegereife can be determined. Measurement results should be through
  • Receiving unit for electromagnetic radiation which is aligned with a support element to be tested in order to generate test data from received electromagnetic radiation.
  • the test data is evaluated in a processing device to detect a deviation of the test data from a desired state of the support element.
  • This technology is used for preferably non-destructive testing of at least one
  • Supporting element of an elevator installation in which the support element carries a car.
  • the test data are processed by edge extraction so that boundary edges of the support element and / or tensile carriers of the support element are extracted and the evaluation of the test data comprises an assessment of boundary edges or contours of the support element and / or the tension member of the support element.
  • recordings are made of the support element and these recordings become ideal
  • This evaluation of the recordings is preferably carried out by means of automatic computer-aided evaluation algorithms, for example by means of software for recording evaluation.
  • edge transitions would require a line pattern corresponding to the longitudinal orientation of the support element. Irregularities, such as interruptions, indentations or bulges in this line pattern indicate a wear or defect of the support element and in an accumulation of such irregularities, the support element must be replaced or examined more targeted.
  • Support element reference images of the support element created and stored in a database These reference images represent the nominal state of a support element.
  • wire groups or individual strands are exposed from the support element or from a beaten cable present in the support element. These protruding strands can penetrate a shell and be visible externally. Will then from the same place one
  • the evaluation of these image recordings is preferably carried out by means of automatic computer-aided evaluation algorithms, for example by means of software for image analysis.
  • the embodiments of the technology described here allow, on the one hand, the testing of supporting elements, which consist only of metal, beaten wire ropes or which have a sheathing into which at least one (beaten) Wire rope or a strand is integrated or embedded.
  • the integrated wire ropes and strands can be tested without the sheath being opened or removed.
  • the state of the sheath can be checked.
  • supporting elements can also be checked with non-metallic rope and stranded structures.
  • At least one transmitting unit and at least one receiving unit are provided, which for dispensing or for receiving
  • electromagnetic radiation is in the range of about 400 nm to about 950 ⁇ , i. in the visible and invisible, infrared wavelength range.
  • Embodiment is the wavelength in the non-visible range of about 30 ⁇ to about 950 ⁇ . In a further embodiment, the wavelength is in the visible range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. On the basis of the received electromagnetic radiation transmission patterns and / or in an evaluation unit
  • Reflection patterns formed which are evaluated to surface or
  • test radiation which are in the range of visible light
  • daylight or artificial light is used in a simple embodiment, which is emitted by a shaft lighting.
  • Receiving unit are present, therefore, light radiation can be detected, which are reflected on the surface of the support member. Furthermore, the visible light
  • the receiving unit for example a camera (preferably a digital camera or a digital video camera that generates digital images from light reflected from the surface of the support member), and the transmitting unit or light source (if daylight is insufficient) may therefore be on the same side or be arranged on preferably diametrically opposite sides of the support element. In general, it is sufficient to detect major damage. Therefore, low resolutions, for example one Resolution of less than 1 megapixel is perfect. These test radiations are preferably used when the visible surface of the support element is to be monitored, which is usually sufficient for uncoated suspension cables or transparent sheathing.
  • Invisible test radiation whose wavelength is in the range of 30 ⁇ to 950 ⁇ , preferably in the range of 90 ⁇ to 120 ⁇ are radiated by a suitably designed transmitting unit along a transmission axis and provided by a provided on the opposite side of the support member receiving unit or of a Receiving unit detected, which is aligned along one or more reflection axes, which has its origin in the support element.
  • the receiving unit is in this case for receiving electromagnetic radiation in this
  • Wavelength range designed. These test radiations are preferably used to check support elements with non-transparent sheathing, such as rubber or colored polyurethane. Electromagnetic radiation in this area penetrates such sheaths. These sheaths are accordingly transparent to this test radiation. Of course, supporting elements can be checked with transparent sheathing by means of this electromagnetic radiation.
  • the receiving unit includes a plurality of receiving sensors arranged along different axes. This creates a 3-dimensional image of the surface. In general, it is quite sufficient if clusters of breaks of wires or
  • Fiber areas can be detected. Such clumps create contours of more than 1/10 mm contours.
  • the test radiation mentioned, whose wavelength is in the range of about 100 ⁇ are suitable for detecting such errors.
  • significantly reduced resolutions of the detection units are sufficient.
  • it can be used for thermal imaging cameras whose resolution is for example in the range of 480 x 320 pixels or it can be in a particularly favorable embodiment, only a few or a few Sensor lines, for example, corresponding to a resolution of 3 x 320 pixels used.
  • the receiving unit is then continuously moved along the support member, as in a copier, thereby forming a complete image of the support member. Of course, it makes no difference whether the support element moves past the receiving unit, or the receiving unit is guided along the support element.
  • Thermal imager is provided with a lens, which is a detection of
  • Test radiations whose wavelength is then in the range of less than 30 ⁇ , typically in the range of about 10 ⁇ , allows. In the case of disturbances in the metallic cross section of the tension members, there are also deviations in the thermal profile of the
  • Corrosion therefore occurs first and dominant on the surface of wire ropes. Environmental, aging and other external factors but also influence on non-metallic materials or on the plastic coating of the support elements.
  • the peripheral strands, wires or strands of fibers experience an elongation under the applied load, which likewise leads to a change in the surface condition and the dimension (diameter) of the rope.
  • its state can be assessed. As already explained, it is usually only necessary to detect summations of errors which then cause a damage pattern of several 1/10 mm. Such deficiencies can be detected with sufficient accuracy by means of radiation in the aforementioned wave range from 90 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
  • the described embodiments of the technology therefore allow the determination of status information which is sufficient for determining the Ablegereife the support elements. It is also possible to combine the present technology with more complex further test methods or the evaluation can be combined by means of test radiation in the visible and in the invisible range. If a change in the contour or surface structure of a rope has been found, e.g. also a radiation of the rope by X-ray method are performed. This complex procedure, which involves security risks, can therefore be reduced to a single area of the support element if necessary. Even in the case of combination with other methods therefore results in a greatly reduced effort.
  • the device which includes the receiving units and an associated evaluation unit, is preferably equipped with a designation device.
  • the Designation means marked upon detection of a defect the relevant point of the support element, for example, with a color point. This makes it easy to find this location for detailed analysis.
  • Test radiation used whose wavelength in the range of 30 ⁇ to 950 ⁇ , i. in the long-wave range of infrared radiation.
  • the wavelength is chosen such that, on the one hand, dielectric materials are penetrated and, on the other hand, electrically conductive materials, such as, for example, metallic materials, reflect the test radiation.
  • electrically conductive materials such as, for example, metallic materials
  • Supporting element which consists for example of rubber or polyurethane (PU), are preferably used test radiation with wavelengths in the range of 90 ⁇ to 120 ⁇ .
  • test radiations with wavelengths in this area are the following:
  • Transmission patterns are formed, which correspond to the "shadow cast” of the metal portion of the support element. If the shadow cast deviates from the substantially uniform rectilinear course, these are typically caused by peripheral imperfections of the support element, such as compressed or broken wires or other disturbances in the support element. These defects can be in one
  • Embodiment can be detected and evaluated by the evaluation of the transmission pattern. If the disturbances in the cable or the strands affect the surface of the support element itself, for example, by emerging broken or compressed wires from the sheath, these deficiencies according to another embodiment, of course, alternatively or additionally by means of imaging in the visible wavelength range on the basis of the dedicated receiving unit be recorded.
  • This reflected test radiation runs along a reflection axis to a further receiving unit, which can receive this reflected radiation and images as a reflection pattern.
  • This reflection pattern contains valuable information about the state of the metal portion of the support element and thus allows the analysis of the support element, or the metal portion of the support element.
  • further disturbances in the support element in particular damage to the surface structure can be detected.
  • further detail analyzes as described above can also be used here.
  • defects occur within the cross-section of the support element, these can be detected by examining resulting changes to the surface, such as compressions or constrictions.
  • the test can be performed, for example, by using reference patterns.
  • reference patterns can be used, which were recorded by the device under test itself, for example, before its start-up and represent a desired state.
  • Particularly accurate measurement results can be obtained when stored transmission patterns and reflection patterns (eg recorded by a video camera) are precisely assigned to the individual sections of the support element and compared with currently recorded transmission patterns and reflection patterns of the same sections. To determine irregularities, reference sections corresponding to the sections are then used.
  • support elements are used, which are marked over the entire length. These markings can be embossed in the casing. Furthermore, the support elements can be marked by means of colors. In other words,
  • Embodiments RFID chips are integrated into the sheath. On the basis of readers, optical scanning devices or RFID readers, the
  • Marks are read and the individual sections of the support element identified and loaded the corresponding reference pattern. Furthermore, a section of the support element can be identified by calculation based on the position of the elevator car.
  • the test can also be carried out by evaluating only the contours or edges of the transmission and reflection patterns, with an intact support element, all contours on and in the support element form substantially straight, parallel lines. Inlets or bulges or fissures of these contours indicate a disturbance in the support element and can be analyzed in detail. This implementation requires little storage space, especially since none
  • Reflection patterns as well as the associated evaluations by means of reference data or evaluation of the contours and edges can be applied by themselves and they allow a suitable test of the support element.
  • a much higher reliability can be achieved if required.
  • questions that occur in one process variant can be answered based on the test results, which are determined with the other process variant.
  • the reliability of the test can be increased by performing measurements in different wavelength ranges. In one embodiment, it is therefore provided that the detection of
  • electromagnetic test radiation is carried out, which have different wavelengths.
  • test radiation with wavelengths in the range of 30 ⁇ to 950 ⁇ , preferably in the range of 90 ⁇ -120 ⁇ , the
  • Wavelengths in the visible range can be the shadow cast and the Surface quality of the sheath itself be determined and tested.
  • a transmission unit is associated with two receiving sensors, which are arranged in different angular ranges.
  • two receiving units are each arranged at an angle of +/- 45 ° to the receiving unit, that is offset from one another by 90 °.
  • Receiving sensors are performed.
  • the control of the support device is preferably carried out with a computer unit, which also serves to evaluate the test radiation.
  • the evaluation unit is preferably provided with a data memory or a
  • Database connected from the stored data of the support elements used are retrievable.
  • the transmission unit for generating wavelengths in the non-visible range preferably uses lasers, for example two-color diode lasers, which two
  • a photoconductive antenna acts as
  • the transmitting unit and the receiving unit aligned along the axis of reflection are preferably integrated in one module, so that a simple and inexpensive construction of the testing apparatus can be realized. In this way it is possible to use two or more of the integrated modules, which are held for example by controllable mechanical arms.
  • the receiving unit of a module can receive reflected test radiation of the same module and test radiation transmitted along the transmission axis by another module.
  • the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are coupled directly to the support element and held at a defined distance thereof. In this way, transmission patterns and refection patterns can always be captured in the same way and in optimized quality.
  • the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are coupled directly to the support element and held at a defined distance thereof. In this way, transmission patterns and refection patterns can always be captured in the same way and in optimized quality.
  • the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are coupled directly to the support element and held at a defined distance thereof.
  • Receiving unit arranged in a housing which is movable along the support element, or the support element is guided along.
  • the housing with transmitting and receiving unit is arranged on an elevator car and is moved along with this the support element and in the second case, for example, the housing is mounted in the shaft and the support element is guided along the housing.
  • the housing with integrated transmitting and receiving unit and corresponding guide means such as rollers, wheels or sliding elements, which allow an exact positioning of the support member in relation to the housing.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • Elevator installation with supporting elements which are tested by means of a test device Elevator installation with supporting elements which are tested by means of a test device
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the
  • Test device of Fig. 1 a schematic representation of another embodiment of a test device, by means of a flat support member is tested in a first arrangement;
  • FIG. 3 a schematic representation of another embodiment of a test device, which is directly coupled to a flat support member according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4;
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • Elevator installation 2 which one vertically movable in an elevator shaft 6
  • Elevator cabin 22 which is connected via support members 21 and a traction sheave 24 to a drive unit 23.
  • Other components of the elevator installation 2 e.g.
  • Elevator car 22 (e.g., 1: 1, 2: 1, etc. suspension) are not shown in Figure 1 for clarity. It is understood, however, that the embodiments described herein are independent of these exemplified components or details in the
  • Elevator installation 2 can be used.
  • the elevator installation 2 is further provided with a test apparatus 1 by means of which a support element 21 can be tested.
  • the support member 21 comprises a sheath 215 made of plastic, in which, for example, two wire cables 21A, 21B are integrated. It is understood, however, that in another embodiment, more than two wires may be embedded in the sheath 215.
  • the plastic is not visible light in this embodiment transparent, so that the wire ropes 21 A, 21 B are not visible from the outside.
  • the support element 21 - round rope or flat rope / belt - has the
  • Casing 215 a curved surface, as indicated in Fig. 1 for a round rope, or at least a flat surface for a flat rope. As mentioned above, a flat rope is wider than high / thick.
  • test apparatus 1 is not limited to the testing of encased support members 21.
  • the test apparatus 1 is in principle also suitable for testing supporting elements 21 which have no, only a thin or a transparent sheathing. It may happen, for example, that the surface of a portion of a non-jacketed support member 21 deposits, abrasion or
  • the test apparatus 1 preferably allows the testing of such a surface part.
  • the testing device 1 has a transmitting unit 11 and two receiving units 12D, 12R, which are connected to a computer unit 13.
  • the computer unit 13 serves to control the test apparatus 1 and a
  • the computer unit 13 may be a mobile unit, which is connected to or connected to a central elevator control, for example, via an interface unit when needed or during maintenance work. Alternatively, the
  • Computing unit 13 may be part of the elevator installation 2, which remains in the elevator installation 2 permanently.
  • the computer unit 13 cooperates with the elevator control.
  • the elevator control controls, for example, the drive unit 23 in accordance with the processing progress of the computer unit 13 in order to move the carrier elements 21 past the transmitter unit 11 and the receiver units 12D, 12R.
  • the computer unit 13 accordingly activates the transmitting unit 11 and the receiving units 12D, 12R.
  • Test drive all safety functions of the elevator control activated, it is however traversed at a reduced driving speed in the rule.
  • test apparatus In general, the test apparatus is only used temporarily for the purpose of testing the support elements in the elevator system.
  • the elevator system is blocked for passenger traffic and the test device is used together with the
  • Evaluation units preferably attached near the elevator drive so that a
  • Support element can be tested. Subsequently, the cabin is moved over the entire driving range with a small, uniform speed of about 0.1 m / s. The tester detects interference in the support element and gives the means
  • Test protocol beep or by name, etc.
  • the maintenance person detected in this way all built-in elevator system support elements.
  • the maintenance expert examines the critical points of the load-bearing elements and decides on a possible replacement of the load-bearing element.
  • the test apparatus 1 can have only one receiving unit 12D, 12R.
  • This receiving unit can be arranged in the shaft 6 as shown in FIG. Fig. 3 (see below) illustrates an exemplary arrangement. If enough daylight or another light source is present in the shaft 6, the transmission unit 11 can likewise be dispensed with. An exemplary embodiment of this arrangement is shown in FIG. 4 (see below).
  • the computer unit 13 is, as shown, connected to a memory unit or a database 131 in which reference data (reference pattern) are stored.
  • reference data reference pattern
  • the database 131 is present in the computer unit 13 or integrated into it.
  • the reference data describes "ideal", i. undamaged bearing elements 21 in a desired state.
  • the test apparatus 1 uses this reference data to carry out a nominal-actual comparison, as described in more detail below, the result of which the computer unit 13 can depict graphically.
  • the computer unit 13 is a computer unit in which inter alia a processor and an evaluation program are installed.
  • the Evaluation program executes a specified evaluation algorithm, as described by way of example below.
  • the computer unit communicates with the transmitting unit 11, the receiving units 12D, 12R and the drive 23.
  • the computer unit processes received radiation according to the installed evaluation program and outputs processing results or parts thereof on the monitor or screen.
  • the examination of the support elements 21 can be carried out during the normal operation of the elevator installation 2 or during a test operation of the elevator installation 2.
  • the elevator installation 2 When the elevator installation 2 is not in use by the user (for example at night or at the weekend), the latter could, for example, automatically switch to a test mode in which a test of specific sections of the support elements 21 is carried out.
  • the computer unit 13 By the computer unit 13 can be registered in one embodiment, which sections have already been tested.
  • a receiving unit has a sensor unit (eg, a plurality of sensors (eg, CCDs for the substantially visible radiation area and microbolometers for the invisible area) which may be arranged in a sensor array ) sensitive to the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation used.
  • a sensor unit eg, a plurality of sensors (eg, CCDs for the substantially visible radiation area and microbolometers for the invisible area) which may be arranged in a sensor array ) sensitive to the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation used.
  • sensors are known, for example from use in
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically an exemplary embodiment of a test device in which the electromagnetic test radiation 8 emitted by the transmitting unit 11 is the first one
  • Receiving unit 12D are supplied via the transmission axis sx and the second receiving unit 12R via a reflection axis rx, which has its origin on the support member 21.
  • transmission patterns TM are formed in the computer unit 13, one of which is shown symbolically in FIG. Based on the received along the reflection axis rx
  • Test radiation the silhouette of the casing 215 (at wavelengths in the nm range) or the silhouette of the metal wire cables 21 A, 21 B measured (at wavelengths in ⁇ - ⁇ ).
  • the reflection pattern RM which is formed on the basis of reflected electromagnetic test radiation, shows the structure of the surface of the metal wire cables 21 A, 21 B in a detailed representation and typically has a greater information content than the transmission pattern TM.
  • Fig. 2 it is shown that a peripherally arranged wire 211 of one of the wire ropes 21 A is broken and the wire ends project outwardly, or are frayed. Due to this damage, both the transmission pattern TM and the
  • Reflection pattern RM influenced, as indicated in Fig. 2.
  • the laterally protruding wire ends 211 interrupt the test radiation at the point concerned and reflect a corresponding radiation component back over the reflection axis rx.
  • the formation of the transmission pattern TM therefore lacks radiation components in the corresponding region, while additional radiation components are present in the corresponding region for the formation of the reflection pattern RM.
  • increased safety can be achieved. It makes sense to compare the results of both test channels with each other. As a result, not only can the measurement results be specified, but the correct function of both channels is also checked at the same time.
  • Fig. 1 are on the screen of the computer unit 13, a reference pattern RM REF and a current
  • the reflection pattern RM consists of a stripe pattern in, for example, different gray levels and corresponds to a "fingerprint" of the support element 21 and can be processed accordingly to determine relevant differences.
  • a method for comparing fingerprints is known, for example, from US7333641. This method is used for the analysis of striped image patterns, as they occur in the recording of reflection patterns. In the reflection patterns recorded according to the invention, stripes are caused by the individual strands of the support element 21A and 21B, respectively.
  • Computing unit 13 can be implemented as image processing software. This may cause differences in the technologies described here
  • Reflection patterns can be precisely determined and evaluated.
  • the image data are displayed and evaluated in one embodiment in a coordinate system. Different evaluations of the image data are possible. For example, the contours of the strands or wires are detected and analyzed.
  • the wire contours typically have the same brightness over longer distances that can be measured.
  • the contours are typically at least approximately straight and parallel. Intact contours thus cause straight and parallel contours. If it is now established that there is an anomaly within a contour course, ie interruptions, bulges, etc., a corresponding error can be detected.
  • a corresponding error can be detected.
  • in the presence of interference in and on the support element only blurred contours with reduced image contrast result.
  • FIGS. 6a to 6c An evaluation of such a contour curve is shown by way of example and schematically in FIGS. 6a to 6c.
  • Transmission pattern and / or reflection pattern (Figure 6a) is resolved by edge extraction.
  • substantially straight lines are produced which describe the peripheral edges of the individual cables or strands (21A, 21B, 21C).
  • a substantially intact, continuous line means that there is no significant damage to the edge profile and thus the support element. If the edge profile shows bulges (FIGS. 6c, 21A), indentations (FIGS. 6c, 21b) or interruptions (FIGS. 6c, 2c), this indicates that the affected cable or strand has been bumped, kinked or torn in this area or that a bundle of individual fibers of the rope or strand from the rope or Litzenverbund emerge.
  • a state of the support element can be assessed very well, without a reference image must be consulted.
  • all possibly occurring defects are classified and provided with associated feature data, which allow the image data to be specifically searched for errors. In this way, it is possible, the image data with high
  • Flat diffuse images can typically be recognized as corrosion or abrasion. Particularly advantageous is the comparison of the transmission pattern and reflection pattern with a reference pattern, which was created for the relevant type of support elements. Further improvements can be made by installing a Support element 21 reference patterns are newly formed by the newly installed
  • Comparative measurements according to the invention can be carried out within a short time with high precision.
  • the support members 21 can therefore be tested permanently and with minimal effort.
  • Receiving units 12D, 12R are provided.
  • Transmitter unit 11 and a receiving unit 12D or 12R are integrated into a common module, which can be driven, for example by means of a controllable arm in an arbitrary position.
  • the testing device 1 shows a possible embodiment of the testing device 1 with only one transmitting unit 11 and two receiving units 12D, 12R, which are installed by means of supporting elements 151, 152, 153 on a rotatable or pivotable supporting ring 155 of a mounting device 15.
  • the support ring 155 which is held and driven by means of a drive unit 150, is rotatable or pivotable about the support element 21 so that it can be scanned from any desired side.
  • the pivotable support ring has the advantage that it does not have to completely enclose the support element 21. This allows easy mounting of the support ring, since it can be arranged at any point on the support element.
  • the transmitting unit 11 and the first receiving unit 12D are along the
  • the test radiation emitted along the transmission axis sx are reflected at the wire ropes 21A, 21B and reflected at an acute angle a with a high proportion of radiation within a solid angle whose principal axis forms the reflection axis rx.
  • the angle a which is typically in the range of +/- 60 °, is preferably optimized on the basis of tests and may change depending on the configuration of the test device and the support element 21.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a further embodiment of a testing device 1, by means of which a flat supporting element 21 is tested, which has a casing 215 in which e.g. four wire cables 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D are integrated.
  • Sheath 215 which has a rectangular cross-section, protects the integrated wire ropes 21 A, 21 B, 21 C, 21 D from environmental influences and thus extends their operating time to the Ablegereifeife.
  • the number of integrated wire ropes is chosen depending on the load to be supported.
  • the support element 21 is arranged between a receiving unit 120 and the transmitting unit 11.
  • the support element 21 is arranged so that the electromagnetic test radiation emitting transmitter unit 11 irradiates or illuminates a narrow side of the support member 21.
  • the receiving unit 120 is connected to the arithmetic unit 13 as in the previous examples.
  • damages that occur on one of the two broad sides of the support element 21 can be seen above all.
  • Even with a support element 21 of this type the described deficiencies may occur, as outlined in Fig. 3.
  • an interruption of a strand 211 has occurred, which has penetrated the casing 215 in succession and is visible from the outside. At the same time, damage to the casing 215 has occurred.
  • the receiving unit 120 is in one embodiment a
  • Digital camera that stores single or a series of digital images at a specified resolution.
  • the receiving unit 120 thus detects electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range, which is reflected at the support element 21.
  • this electromagnetic radiation may be daylight if it is sufficiently bright in the elevator shaft 6. If this is not the case, all transmitting unit 11 can be a Any light source, for example, provided in the elevator shaft 6
  • Lighting serve.
  • a separate light source 11 is provided which optimally illuminates the scanned portion of the support member 21.
  • Receiving unit 21 thus directly incident transmission radiation 8T and reflected on the surface of the support member 21 reflection radiation 8R detected and delivered corresponding image data to the computer unit 13.
  • image data visually recognizable defects, such as broken wires 211 broken out from the outside and damage 2151 of the casing 215, can be automatically detected, as shown on the screen of the computer unit 13.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment of a test apparatus 1 by means of which a flat support element 21 is tested.
  • the support element 21 is arranged in front of a receiving unit 120 in such a way that a wide side of the support member 21 of the receiving unit 120 is opposite.
  • connection to the arithmetic unit 13 is not shown in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity.
  • the receiving unit 120 which as described may be a digital camera, captures or stores single or a series of digital images.
  • FIG. 5 shows a test device 1 that can be coupled to the support element 21, with which these disadvantages can be avoided.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the test apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 5 has a housing 100 with two housing parts 100A, 100B, which are connected to one another by holders 102.
  • the transmitting unit 11 and a first receiving unit 12R are arranged, which serves to image reflecting patterns.
  • a second receiving unit 12D is provided which serves to image transmission patterns.
  • the brackets 102 serve in the example at the same time as bearing shafts for optional wheels 101, which on both sides of the
  • Support element 21 can roll on the narrow side surfaces.
  • housing 100A, 100B may also be designed such that running wheels or guide surfaces guide the support element 21 on its longitudinal sides.
  • a guide by means of this grooved surface makes sense.
  • the housing 100 has only a single receiving unit.
  • the receiving unit is dimensioned and arranged so that it can take a picture of the entire width of the support member 21.
  • the receiving unit can therefore a single appropriately sized
  • the receiving unit is arranged on the same side as the transmitting unit 11, which illuminates the wide side of the support element 21. Reflected light is then recorded analogously to FIG. 4 by the receiving unit.
  • test device 1 shown can therefore be moved along the support member 21 or held stationary while the support member 21 moves.
  • the at least one transmitting unit 11 and the receiving units 12D and 12R are kept at a constant distance from the supporting element 21. In this way, high-quality image recordings can be made and evaluated with minimal effort.
  • Test devices 1 according to the invention in the various embodiments are preferably mounted close to the traction sheave 24 and thus in an area which is not passed through by the elevator car 22, and which at the same time allows an analysis of almost an entire length of the support element.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de contrôle comprenant une unité de réception pour des signaux électromagnétiques, laquelle est dirigée sur un élément porteur à contrôler pour générer des données de contrôle à partir des rayonnements électromagnétiques reçus. Les données de contrôle sont interprétées dans un dispositif de traitement pour déterminer un écart entre les données de contrôle et un état de consigne de l'élément porteur. Celui-ci sert à contrôler un élément porteur d'un équipement élévateur auquel est suspendue une cabine.
EP11730303.2A 2010-07-23 2011-07-07 Contrôle non destructif d'un élément porteur d'un équipement élévateur Withdrawn EP2595910A1 (fr)

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EP11730303.2A EP2595910A1 (fr) 2010-07-23 2011-07-07 Contrôle non destructif d'un élément porteur d'un équipement élévateur

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EP10170686 2010-07-23
EP11730303.2A EP2595910A1 (fr) 2010-07-23 2011-07-07 Contrôle non destructif d'un élément porteur d'un équipement élévateur
PCT/EP2011/061520 WO2012010433A1 (fr) 2010-07-23 2011-07-07 Contrôle non destructif d'un élément porteur d'un équipement élévateur

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2595911A1 (fr) 2013-05-29
CN103003184A (zh) 2013-03-27
WO2012010433A1 (fr) 2012-01-26
CN103025639B (zh) 2016-06-29
CN103003184B (zh) 2016-01-20
US9063009B2 (en) 2015-06-23
US20130119256A1 (en) 2013-05-16
EP2595911B1 (fr) 2015-10-21
CN103025639A (zh) 2013-04-03
US20130126737A1 (en) 2013-05-23
WO2012010431A1 (fr) 2012-01-26
US9063008B2 (en) 2015-06-23

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