EP2595478A2 - Gelköder zur bekämpfung von kriechenden schadinsekten - Google Patents
Gelköder zur bekämpfung von kriechenden schadinsektenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2595478A2 EP2595478A2 EP11731393.2A EP11731393A EP2595478A2 EP 2595478 A2 EP2595478 A2 EP 2595478A2 EP 11731393 A EP11731393 A EP 11731393A EP 2595478 A2 EP2595478 A2 EP 2595478A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bait
- capsules
- insects
- baits
- bait according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 230000009193 crawling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000021 stimulant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
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- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=C(S(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C#N)=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- ITKAIUGKVKDENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidifen Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(CCOCC)=CC=C1OCCNC1=NC=NC(CC)=C1Cl ITKAIUGKVKDENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYQUHIFYBATCCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinalphos Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)=CN=C21 JYQUHIFYBATCCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBQQHUGEACOBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinomethionate Chemical compound N1=C2SC(=O)SC2=NC2=CC(C)=CC=C21 FBQQHUGEACOBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940108410 resmethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VEMKTZHHVJILDY-FIWHBWSRSA-N resmethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)C1C(=O)OCC1=COC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VEMKTZHHVJILDY-FIWHBWSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080817 rotenone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N rotenone Chemical compound O([C@H](CC1=C2O3)C(C)=C)C1=CC=C2C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]3COC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000042094 ryanodine receptor (TC 1.A.3.1) family Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091052345 ryanodine receptor (TC 1.A.3.1) family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPYNBECUCCGGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silafluofen Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1[Si](C)(C)CCCC1=CC=C(F)C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 HPYNBECUCCGGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021309 simple sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003885 sodium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930185156 spinosyn Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DTDSAWVUFPGDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N spirodiclofen Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(=O)OC1=C(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)C(=O)OC11CCCCC1 DTDSAWVUFPGDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLSVJBIHYWPGQY-GGYDESQDSA-N spirotetramat Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC1=C(C=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)C)C(=O)N[C@@]11CC[C@H](OC)CC1 CLSVJBIHYWPGQY-GGYDESQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- XIUROWKZWPIAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfotep Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OP(=S)(OCC)OCC XIUROWKZWPIAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenozide Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(=O)NN(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZYSLNWGKKDOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1Cl ZZYSLNWGKKDOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWYOMXWDGWUJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebupirimfos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OC(C)C)OC1=CN=C(C(C)(C)C)N=C1 AWYOMXWDGWUJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJDWRQLODFKPEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N teflubenzuron Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=CC(Cl)=C(F)C(Cl)=C1F CJDWRQLODFKPEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N temephos Chemical compound C1=CC(OP(=S)(OC)OC)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(OP(=S)(OC)OC)C=C1 WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N tetrachlorvinphos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)O\C(=C/Cl)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLTRACMMVDHZRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradec-13-en-5-one Chemical compound C=CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)=O WLTRACMMVDHZRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradifon Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005199 tetramethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004044 tetrasaccharides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodicarb Chemical compound CSC(C)=NOC(=O)NSNC(=O)ON=C(C)SC BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPASCBHCTNRLRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiometon Chemical compound CCSCCSP(=S)(OC)OC OPASCBHCTNRLRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYNKFIVDSJSNGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosultap Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS(O)(=O)=O PYNKFIVDSJSNGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(C)=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1Cl WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N tralomethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048462 zinc phosphide Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
- A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
Definitions
- the invention relates to the provision of a new gel bait for controlling harmful insects, especially crawling insects. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such baits, to methods for preparing such baits and to methods of controlling harmful insects.
- Baits can be provided in the form of granules. However, granules can only be applied to a horizontal construction, they can not be mounted on vertical structures. It is also possible to provide the baits as liquid formulations, also referred to as "paint formulations.” Such liquids are supplied to the consumer as a concentrate, and the consumer must prepare a dilution followed by spraying / painting for actual use.
- WO 97/11602 describes baits for controlling insects, which baits consist of a hydrolyzable starting material and an active ingredient selected from a group of 1-arylpyrazoles. Furthermore, WO 91/07972 describes insect control baits consisting of carrageenan as gelling agent and of specific insecticides.
- the baits commonly used in the course of storage lose their attractiveness for the corresponding insect pests due to loss of moisture or flavorings.
- many added flavorings change their smell over a longer period of storage of the product.
- Another disadvantage of the baits of the prior art is that by adding flavorings such as orange or banana flavor the bait also appears attractive to other animals such as dogs, cats or children. Through elaborate and accordingly expensive packaging or bait boxes, for example, access to the poison bait can be prevented.
- capsules that contain these ingredients.
- two types are distinguished. On the one hand, there are capsules with a core-shell structure in which the ingredient is surrounded by a wall or barrier. On the other hand, there are capsules in which the ingredient is distributed in a matrix of a matrix-forming material. Such capsules are also referred to as "speckies" and are used in liquid or gel detergents.
- US 6,855,681 discloses a detergent composition comprising a matrix encapsulated active ingredient The matrix of capsules contains a hydrated anionic gum and the encapsulated active ingredient
- Microcapsules are also described in DE-A 43 09 756. These comprise a core material which is coated with an impermeable coat of glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin The microcapsules have a controlled release of active ingredient.
- WO 01/30144 discloses microspheres which have a hydrophilic matrix core and an adjacent second, ionically complexed layer. Alginates are mentioned as possible matrix materials. The active substance may be contained in the core matrix. The microspheres are added in the form of a suspension to aqueous or solvent-based solutions.
- WO 00/32043 describes water-insoluble polymeric spheres comprising a polymeric matrix having a plurality of drops of a volatile hydrophobic compound.
- the compounds are preferably pheromones.
- Alginates are disclosed as the polymeric matrix.
- the balls disclosed there also have a controlled release of active ingredient.
- the object was to provide a bait without consuming and therefore costly packaging and does not attract attention to non-target living things. Also, the bait should also show a particularly good effect against larvae or nymphs.
- baits which, in addition to an insecticidal active substance, also have capsules which are prepared by the dropping method and which contain one or more feeding stimulants in a polymeric matrix, achieve the object according to the invention.
- the present invention thus relates to a bait comprising one or more insecticidal active substances, a bait material in the form of a gel, and water-insoluble, polymeric capsules having a diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0, 8 to 1.5 mm, which have a polymer matrix containing droplets of one or more feeding stimulants.
- the baits according to the invention contain at least one insecticidal active ingredient.
- Suitable insecticidal active substances are, for example:
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as
- Carbamates e.g. Alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or
- Organophosphates eg. Acephates, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), cadusafos, chloroethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl), coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinone, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoates, dimethylvinphos, disulphoton , EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O- (methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathione, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathione, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Ometho
- GABA-controlled chloride channel antagonists such as organochlorines, e.g. Chlordane and endosulfan (alpha); or
- Fiproles phenylpyrazoles
- Ethiprole e.g. Ethiprole
- Fipronil e.g. Fipronil
- Pyrafluprole e.g. Pyrafluprole
- sodium channel modulators / voltage dependent sodium channel blockers such as pyrethroids, e.g. Acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis -trans, d-trans), bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (beta), cyhalothrin (gamma, lambda), cypermethrin (alpha, beta , theta, zeta), cyphenothrin [(R) trans isomers], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ) (li) isomers], esfenvalerates, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerates, flucythrinates, flumethrin , Fluvalinate (tau-), Halfenprox, Im
- nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists such as nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists
- Neonicotinoids e.g. Acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; or nicotine.
- Allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators such as spinosyns, e.g. Spinetoram and spinosad.
- Avermectins / milbemycins e.g. Abamectin, Emamectin benzoate, Lepimectin and Milbemectin.
- Juvenile hormone analogs e.g. Hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; or fenoxycarb; Pyritexyfen.
- agents with unknown or non-specific mechanisms of action such as Fumigants, eg, methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrin; sulfuryl fluoride; Borax; Tartar emetic.
- Microbial disruptors of insect intestinal membrane such as Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT plant proteins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Abl.
- insect intestinal membrane such as Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT plant proteins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, C
- inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP disruptors such as diafenthiuron; or
- Organotin compounds e.g. Azocyclotine, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide; or propargite; Tetradifon.
- Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor antagonists such as Bensultap, Cartap (hydrochloride), thiocylam, and thiosultap (-sodium).
- inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, such as benzoylureas, e.g. Bistrifluron, chlorofluorazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
- inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1, such as buprofezin.
- Moulting agents such as Cyromazine.
- ecdysone agonists / disruptors such as
- Diacylhydrazines e.g. Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide and Tebufenozide. (19) Octopaminergic agonists, such as amitraz.
- complex III electron transport inhibitors such as hydramethylnone; acequinocyl; Fluacrypyrim.
- complex I electron transport inhibitors for example from the group of METI acaricides, eg fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; or Rotenone (Derris).
- tetronic acid derivatives e.g. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen
- tetramic acid derivatives e.g. Spirotetramat.
- complex IV electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, phosphines, e.g. B. Aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide; or cyanide.
- ryanodine receptor effectors such as diamides, e.g. Chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) and Flubendiamide.
- drugs with unknown mechanism of action such as azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate, quinomethionate, cryolites, cyflumetofen, dicofol, fluenerim, pyridalyl and pyrifluquinazone; or the following known effective compounds 4 - ⁇ [(6-bromopyrid-3-yl) memyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino ⁇ furan-2 (5H) -one (be known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4 - ⁇ [( 6-Fluo ⁇ yrid-3-yl) methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl) amino ⁇ furan-2 (5H) -one (known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4 - ⁇ [(2-chloro-1,3-hiazole -5-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino ⁇ furan-2 (5H) -one (known from
- the insecticidal active ingredient is selected from the group comprising nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists, fiproles, allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators, voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, and chloride channel activators
- imidacloprid clothianidin, fipronil, spinosad, indoxacarb and abamectin.
- the bait according to the invention contains fipronil.
- the bait according to the invention contains clothianidin.
- the baits according to the invention contain feedstuffs, feeding stimulants and optionally attractants.
- Feeds are ingredients that are used to feed insects.
- Feeding stimulants are all ingredients which in insects reinforce or prolong a feeding process.
- attractants all substances are referred to, which can attract insects over distance. Mixtures of all three ingredients can be used. Preferably, however, only feeds and feed stimulants are used.
- suitable food feedstocks used in baits are water, cereal powders such as wheat powder, corn powder, rice powder, rice bran and the like, starches such as potato starch, corn starch and the like, sugars such as sucrose, Maltose, arabinose, galactose, lactose, sorbitose, dextrose, fructose, sorbitol, corn syrup, maple syrup, molasses, coca-cola syrup, inverted invertebrates, mollasses, honey and the like, as well as glycerine and the like.
- Egg whites such as meat, meat extracts, and milk powder, fish meal, fish extracts or, seafood, seafood extract, insects, insect extracts or, yeast, yeast extract and the like.
- bait materials are fats and oils such as vegetable oils such as corn, olives, cumin, peanuts, sesame oil, soybeans, sunflower, animal fats and oils, as well as fish derived oils and the like. These bait materials may be used alone or as a mixture of one or more materials in any proportion. Particularly preferred are such feed substances such as water, simple or complex sugars, meat extracts, animal fats and oils.
- suitable feeding stimulants used in baits are, for example, extracts of meat, fish or insects.
- suitable for feeding stimulation are certain natural or synthetic flavoring agents, e.g. Meat flavors, fish flavors, seafood flavors, onion flavors, milk flavor, butter flavor, cheese flavors, fruit flavors, e.g. Apple, apricot, banana, blackberry, cherry, currant, gooseberry, grapefruit, raspberry or strawberry (pure, syrup or extract).
- Particularly preferred feeding stimulants are, for example, extracts of meat, fish or insects and fruit flavors.
- a particularly suitable fruit flavoring is banana flavor.
- the bait material contains at least one bait substance and at least one feeding stimulant.
- the capsules contained in the baits according to the invention preferably contain, in addition to the polymeric matrix, feeding stimulants and optionally attractants or dyes incorporated in this matrix.
- the capsules contained in the baits according to the invention contain, in addition to the polymeric matrix, one or more feeding stimulants and dye.
- the dropping method is used.
- the monodisperse spherical capsules are obtained by dripping an aqueous mixture containing edible stimulants and water-soluble crosslinkable polymer and optionally dye and then crosslinking the polymer.
- the amount of crosslinkable polymer in the aqueous matrix solution is preferably between 0.01% by weight and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.1% by weight and 3% by weight and most preferably between 0, 5% by weight and 2% by weight.
- the amount of feed stimulants used in the aqueous matrix solution is between 0.01 and 50 wt .-%, preferably between 0.05 and 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably between 0, l and 5 wt .-%.
- the amount of dye used in the aqueous matrix solution is between 0.001 and 5 wt .-%, preferably between 0.05 and 1 wt .-% and particularly preferably between 0.08 and 0.1 wt .-%.
- the crosslinkable polymer is water-soluble, so that it can be used to prepare the aqueous solutions having at least the stated upper concentration limits. It is preferably an ionotropic crosslinkable polymer. The latter is in particular selected from the group comprising carrageenan, alginate and gellan gum and mixtures thereof, and sodium alginate is particularly preferably used as the matrix-forming crosslinkable polymer.
- the dropping method can be ensured in a simple manner that the particle is spherical, that is largely round, in particular that its diameter in all other spatial dimensions not more than 15%, preferably not more than 10% and particularly preferably not more than 5% smaller than its diameter along the largest spatial extent.
- crosslinkable polymer forming the matrix is selected from a material selected from the group consisting of carrageenan, alginate and gellan gum and mixtures thereof, particularly preferred is sodium alginate.
- Alginate is a naturally occurring salt of alginic acid and occurs in brown algae (Phaeophycea) as a cell wall component.
- Alginates are acidic, carboxy group-containing polysaccharides with a relative molecular weight MR of about 200,000, consisting of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid in different ratios, which are linked to 1,4-glycosidic bonds.
- the sodium, potassium, ammonium and magnesium alginates are water-soluble.
- the viscosity of alginate solutions depends inter alia on the molecular weight and on the counterion. For example, calcium alginates form thermo-reversible gels at certain proportions.
- Sodium alginates give very viscous solutions with water and can be cross-linked by interaction with di- or trivalent metal ions such as Ca 2+. Ingredients, which are also contained in the aqueous sodium alginate solution, are thus enclosed in an alginate matrix.
- a CaCl 2 solution is used for crosslinking.
- Carrageenan is an extract of the red algae (Chondrus crispus and Gigartina stellata) that belongs to the Floridae. In the presence of K + ions or Ca 2+ ions, carrageenan crosslinks.
- Gellan gum is an unbranched anionic microbial heteroexopolysaccharide having a tetrasaccharide repeat unit consisting of the monomers glucose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose, wherein approximately each repeat unit is esterified with an L-glycerate and every other repeat unit is esterified with an acetate. Gellan gum cross-links in the presence of K + ions, nations, Ca 2+ ions or Mg 2+ ions. Of the materials mentioned for the matrix, alginate is preferred.
- the crosslinkable polymer is first completely dissolved in water, and then the feed stimulant and optionally the dye are added and mixed.
- This solution is referred to as Vertrop sympatsown.
- the hardening bath is an aqueous cation-containing solution.
- the dripping is then carried out by the Vertrop maringstress is transferred to a template and the curing bath in a collection container.
- the dropping solution is pumped into the drip head.
- the nozzle and thus the liquid flow is vibrated by a vibration unit, preferably a membrane.
- the liquid jet breaks down into individual, equally sized drops.
- the generated drops fall into the hardening bath and the dripping drops crosslink to capsules.
- the capsules thus obtained are washed and bottled after production with demineralised water.
- the capsules may have any shape in the production-related framework, but they are preferably at least approximately spherical. By the dripping is also easy to ensure that they are monodisperse, that is, all capsules are essentially the same size, since at constant dripping conditions from the same dropletizing droplets form the same.
- the capsules may be colored.
- the capsule may contain one or more colorants such as pigment or dye.
- a particularly preferred pigment is indanthrene blue T-BC.
- the bait according to the invention is in the form of a gel.
- gels are colloids in which the dispersion phase has combined with the continuous phase to produce a gelatinous product having the following properties: dynamic viscosity between 4000 and 100,000 mPas, preferably 4000 to 10,000 mPas (20 ° C, Rotational viscometer, shear rate 10 / s).
- the bait of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the gelling agent and water, liquefying the mixture by heating, adding the insecticidal active ingredient, the polymeric capsules, the bait material, or other excipients if necessary, and solidifying the mixture by cooling.
- the products thus obtained may be formulated in any desired form by incorporation into a suitable form during the cooling and solidification process.
- after solidification they can be shaped into any shape, including cutting, crushing, etc.
- the bait according to the invention is prepared in such a way that the gelling agent and water are mixed, the insecticidal active ingredient, the bait material or, if necessary, other auxiliaries are added and the mixture is subsequently solidified by a change in pH.
- the polymeric capsules are finally stirred into the gel.
- Suitable gelling agents are any of a variety of hydrophilic substances used to form a gel by increasing the viscosity and yield strength of liquid mixtures.
- the following may, for example, be mentioned as gelling agents according to the invention: starches, gellan gum, carrageenan gum, agar-agar, casein, gelatin, carob gum, anthan gum, jelutong gum, polysaccharide gums, phycokolloids, polyacrylate Polymer, semisynthetic cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyvinylates, bentonites, silicates and colloidal silica.
- These gelling agents may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more agents in any proportion.
- Preferred gelling agents are xanthan gums and polyacrylate polymers. Particularly preferred gelling agents are Rhodopol G and Carbopol EZ-2.
- the baits according to the invention may also contain other auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, quenchers, dyes or antiseptics.
- Stabilizers are, for example, a calcium salt such as calcium lactate, calcium chloride and the like.
- Suitable quenching agents are, for example, sharp or bitter substances such as guinea pepper powder, denaturant benzoate and the like.
- a particularly preferred quenching agent is denaturant benzoate.
- Antiseptics are, for example, sorbic acid, sorbinates, benzoic acid, benzoate, paraoxybenzoic esters, methylisothiazolinones, benzisothiazolinones, chloromethylisothiazolinones and the like.
- antiseptics are sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, methylisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone and chloromethylisothiazolinone.
- the content of insecticidal active compounds is generally between 1 ⁇ IGT 5 and 10% by weight
- the content of gelling agent generally between 0, 1 and 5 wt .-%, preferably between 0.5 to 2 wt. -%
- the content of bait materials generally between 10 and 70 wt .-%
- the content of polymeric capsules between 1 and 10 wt .-% and other excipients between 0.1 and 25 wt .-%.
- the baits of the invention can be used to control various crawling insects by placing them in places where insect pests live or pass them.
- insects that can be fought, are not only insects, such as the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), the Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis), the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) the brown cockroach (Supella longipalpa), but also flies, such as the house fly (Musca domestica) and ants, such as Turkeys (Tetramorium caespitum), Black-gray road ant (Lasius niger), Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharanois), Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), Black-headed ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum).
- insects such as the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), the Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis), the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) the brown cockroach (Supella longipalpa), but also flies, such as the house fly (Musca domestica) and ants
- the baits according to the invention are particularly preferred in the control of cockroaches, ie insects of the order Blattariae, in particular the family Blattellidae, preferably the species Blattella germanica or the family Blattidae, preferably the species Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, but also against other cockroach species but used against Blattella germanica.
- cockroaches ie insects of the order Blattariae, in particular the family Blattellidae, preferably the species Blattella germanica or the family Blattidae, preferably the species Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, but also against other cockroach species but used against Blattella germanica.
- Particularly preferred is the use of the bait according to the invention for controlling crawling insects, preferably from the order Blattariae, which are in the larval or nymphal stage.
- the doses of insecticidal active substances in the baits according to the invention are generally between 1 ⁇ 10 -5 and 10% by weight.
- bait compositions according to the invention also act against species such as, for example, pests of the order of the zygentomas, e.g. Lepisma saccharina;
- Orthoptera eg Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., • Dermaptera, eg Forficula auricularia;
- Ratio of larval stages to adults A factor ⁇ 1 means more larvae than adults.
- the analysis of the trap contents shows that in the product according to the invention the ratio is reversed, i. more adults are caught than larvae.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft die Bereitstellung eines neuen Gelköders zum Bekämpfen schädlicher Insekten, insbesondere kriechender Insekten. Weiterhin bezieht sich die Erfindung auf die Anwendung solcher Köder, auf Methoden zur Vorbereitung solcher Köder und auf Methoden zum Bekämpfen schädlicher Insekten.
Description
Gelköder zur Bekämpfung von kriechenden Schadinsekten
Erfindungsgebiet
Die Erfindung betrifft die Bereitstellung eines neuen Gelköders zum Bekämpfen schädlicher Insekten, insbesondere kriechender Insekten. Weiterhin bezieht sich die Erfindung auf die Anwendung solcher Köder, auf Methoden zur Vorbereitung solcher Köder und auf Methoden zum Bekämpfen schädlicher Insekten.
Hintergrundwissen für die Erfindung
Es sind verschiedene Methoden zum Bekämpfen von Insekten bekannt. Darunter ist die Anwendung von Ködern laut dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Solche Köder werden angebracht, wo die erwachsene Insektenpopulation sich am wahrscheinlichsten aufhält. Köder können in der Form von Körnchen bereitgestellt werden. Jedoch können Körnchen nur auf eine waagerechte Konstruktion angebracht werden, man kann sie nicht auf senkrechte Konstruktionen anbringen. Man kann die Köder auch als flüssige Formulierungen bereitstellen, die auch als„Anstrich- Formulierungen" bezeichnet werden. Solche Flüssigkeiten werden dem Verbraucher als ein Konzentrat geliefert. Der Verbraucher muss eine Verdünnung, gefolgt vom Sprayen/ Bestreichen für die eigentliche Verwendung vorbereiten.
WO 97/11602 beschreibt Köder zur Insektenbekämpfung, wobei diese Köder aus einem mit Hilfe von Hydratation gelierbaren Ausgangsstoff und aus einem aktiven Bestandteil bestehen, der aus einer Gruppe von 1-Arylpyrazolen ausgewählt wird. Weiterhin beschreibt WO 91/07972 Köder zur Insektenbekämpfung, die aus Karrageen als Geliermittel und aus spezifischen Insektiziden bestehen.
Zur Bekämpfung von kriechenden Insekten wie Ameisen oder Schaben werden schon seit einigen Jahren Gele als Köder eingesetzt, die punktförmig ausgebracht werden.
Die üblicherweise eingesetzten Köder verlieren im Laufe der Lagerung ihre Attraktivität für die entsprechend zu bekämpfenden Schadinsekten aufgrund von Verlust an Feuchtigkeit oder Aromastoffen. Viele zugesetzte Aromastoffe verändern zudem ihren Geruch über längere Zeit der Lagerung des Produktes. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Köder des Standes der Technik besteht darin, dass durch Zusatz von Aromastoffen wie Orangen- oder Bananenaroma der Köder auch für andere Lebewesen wie Hunde, Katzen oder Kinder attraktiv erscheint. Durch aufwendige und
dementsprechend teure Verpackungen oder Köderboxen kann beispielsweise der Zugang zu dem Giftköder verhindert werden.
Ein Konzept zur Einarbeitung empfindlicher, chemisch oder physikalisch inkompatibler sowie flüchtiger Inhaltsstoffe besteht im Einsatz von Kapseln, in denen diese Inhaltsstoffe eingeschlossen sind. Bei Kapseln werden zwei Typen unterschieden. Einerseits gibt es Kapseln mit Kern-Hülle- Struktur, bei denen der Inhaltsstoff von einer Wand oder Barriere umgeben ist. Andererseits gibt es Kapseln, bei denen der Inhaltsstoff in einer Matrix aus einem matrixbildenden Material verteilt ist. Solche Kapseln werden auch als„Speckies" bezeichnet und werden in flüssigen oder gelförmigen Waschmitteln eingesetzt. Beispielsweise wird in der US 6,855,681 eine Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung offenbart, die einen matrixverkapselten, aktiven Inhaltsstoff umfasst. Die Matrix der Kapseln enthält ein hydratisiertes anionisches Gum und der verkapselte aktive Inhaltsstoff ist vorzugsweise ein Duftstoff. Mikrokapseln werden ebenfalls in der DE-A 43 09 756 beschrieben. Diese weisen ein Kernmaterial auf, das mit einem undurchlässigen Mantel aus mit Glutaraldehyd vernetzter Gelatine beschichtet ist. Die Mikrokapseln weisen eine kontrollierte Wirkstofffreisetzung auf.
In der WO 01/30144 werden Mikrokugeln offenbart, die einen hydrophilen Matrixkern und eine angrenzende zweite, ionisch komplexierte Schicht aufweisen. Alginate werden als mögliche Matrixmaterialien genannt. In der Kernmatrix können aktive Wirksubstanzen enthalten sein. Die Mikrokugeln werden in Form einer Suspension zu wässrigen oder lösungsmittel-basierten Lösungen gegeben.
Die WO 00/32043 beschreibt wasserunlösliche polymere Kugeln, die eine polymere Matrix mit einer Vielzahl von Tropfen einer flüchtigen hydrophoben Verbindung aufweisen. Die Verbindungen sind vorzugsweise Pheromone. Als polymere Matrix werden Alginate offenbart. Die dort offenbarten Kugeln verfügen ebenfalls über eine kontrollierte Wirkstofffreisetzung. Zusammenfassend besteht immer noch das Problem, einen lagerstabilen Köder bereit zu stellen, welcher attraktiv für das entsprechend zu bekämpfende Schadinsekt, insbesondere kriechende Schadinsekten ist, aber ohne aufwendige Verpackung ausgebracht werden kann und ebenfalls auf senkrechte Konstruktionen und/oder weit oben angebracht werden kann. Darüber hinaus besteht weiterhin das Problem die Köder des Standes der Technik bei der Anwendung gegen Larven oder Nymphen keine optimale Wirkung zeigen.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung bestand daher darin, verbesserte Köder sowie Köderformulierungen zum Bekämpfen von kriechenden Insekten, insbesondere von Schaben,
bereitzustellen, die eine schnelle Wirkung zeigen und auch nach Lagerung und Transport zum Zeitpunkt der Anwendung optimal ihre Wirkung entfalten. Dies bedingt, dass sich die Inhaltsstoffe des Köders zuvor weder zersetzten oder verflüchtigt haben. Außerdem bestand die Aufgabe darin, einen Köder ohne aufwendige und damit kostenintensive Verpackung bereitzustellen und der auf nicht Ziel-Lebewesen keine Attraktion ausübt. Ebenfalls sollte der Köder auch eine besonders gute Wirkung gegen Larven oder Nymphen zeigen.
Zusammenfassung der Erfindung
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass Köder, die neben einem Insektiziden Wirkstoff auch Kapseln, welche nach dem Vertropfungsverfahren hergestellt werden und die ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien in einer polymeren Matrix enthalten, aufweisen, die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe lösen.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit ein Köder, enthaltend ein oder mehrere Insektizide Wirkstoffe, ein Ködermaterial in Form eines Gels sowie wasserunlösliche, polymere Kapseln mit einem Durchmesser von 0, 1 bis 5 mm, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 2 mm, besonders bevorzugt 0,8 bis 1,5 mm, welche eine Polymermatrix aufweisen, die Tröpfchen eines oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien enthält.
Beschreibung von spezifischen Darstellungen
Wenn nicht anders erklärt, sollen folgende Definitionen gelten und die Prozentangaben sind Gewichtsprozente .
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder enthalten mindestens einen Insektiziden Wirkstoff. Geeignete Insektizide Wirkstoffe sind beispielsweise:
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitoren, wie beispielsweise
Carbamate, z.B. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thio- fanox, Triazamate, Trimethacarb, XMC und Xylylcarb; oder
Organophosphate, z.B . Acephate, Azamethiphos, Azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), Cadusafos, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos (-methyl), Coumaphos, Cyanophos, Demeton-S-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylat, Isoxathion,
Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion (-methyl), Phenthoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phoxim, Pirimiphos (-methyl), Profenofos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Quinalphos, Sulfotep, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon und Vamidothion.
(2) GABA-gesteuerte Chlorid-Kanal-Antagonisten, wie beispielsweise Organochlorine, z.B. Chlordane und Endosulfan (alpha-); oder
Fiprole (Phenylpyrazole), z.B. Ethiprole, Fipronil, Pyrafluprole und Pyriprole.
(3) Natrium-Kanal-Modulatoren/ Spannungsabhängige Natrium-Kanal-Blocker, wie beispielsweise Pyrethroide, z.B. Acrinathrin, Allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin- S-cyclopentenyl, Bioresmethrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin (beta-), Cyhalothrin (gamma-, lambda-), Cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), Cyphenothrin [(\R)-trans -Isomere], Deltamethrin, Dimefluthrin, Empenthrin [(EZ)-( li?)-Isomere] , Esfenvalerate , Etofenprox, Fenpropathrin, Fenvalerate, Flucythrinate, Flumethrin, Fluvalinate (tau-), Halfenprox, Imiprothrin, Metofluthrin, Permethrin, Phenothrin [(li?)-trans-Isomere], Prallethrin, Profluthrin, Pyrethrine (pyrethrum), Res- methrin, RU 15525 , Silafluofen, Tefluthrin, Tetramethrin [( Ii?)- Isomere], Tralomethrin, Transfluthrin und ZXI 8901 ; oder DDT; oder Methoxychlor.
(4) Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Agonisten, wie beispielsweise
Neonikotinoide, z.B. Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam; oder Nikotin.
(5) Allosterische Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Modulatoren (Agonisten), wie beispielsweise Spinosyne, z.B. Spinetoram und Spinosad.
(6) Chlorid-Kanal-Aktivatoren, wie beispielsweise
Avermectine/Milbemycine, z.B. Abamectin, Emamectin-benzoate, Lepimectin und Milbemectin. (7) Juvenilhormon-Analoge, z.B. Hydroprene, Kinoprene, Methoprene; oder Fenoxycarb; Pyri- proxyfen.
(8) Wirkstoffe mit unbekannten oder nicht spezifischen Wirkmechanismen, wie beispielsweise
Begasungsmittel, z.B. Methylbromid und andere Alkylhalogenide; oder Chloropicrin; Sulfurylfluorid; Borax; Brechweinstein.
(11) Mikrobielle Disruptoren der Insektendarmmembran, wie beispielsweise Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies tenebrionis, und BT-Pflanzen- Proteine, z.B. CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34/35Abl .
( 12) Inhibitoren der oxidativen Phosphorylierung, ATP-Disruptoren, wie beispielsweise Diafenthiuron; oder
Organozinnverbindungen, z.B. Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide; oder Propargite; Tetradifon.
(13) Entkoppler der oxidativen Phosphorylierung durch Unterbrechung des H-Protongradienten, wie beispielsweise Chlorfenapyr und DNOC.
(14) Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor- Antagonisten, wie beispielsweise Bensultap, Cartap (- Hydrochlorid), Thiocylam, und Thiosultap (-sodium). ( 15) Inhibitoren der Chitinbiosynthese, Typ 0, wie beispielsweise Benzoylharnstoffe, z.B. Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Teflubenzuron und Triflumuron.
(16) Inhibitoren der Chitinbiosynthese, Typ 1, wie beispielsweise Buprofezin.
(17) Häutungsstörende Wirkstoffe, wie beispielsweise Cyromazine. (18) Ecdysonagonisten/-disruptoren, wie beispielsweise
Diacylhydrazine, z.B. Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide und Tebufenozide. (19) Oktopaminerge Agonisten, wie beispielsweise Amitraz.
( 2 0 ) Komplex-III-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielsweise Hydramethylnon; Acequinocyl; Fluacrypyrim.
(21) Komplex-I-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, beispielsweise aus der Gruppe der METI- Akarizide, z.B. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad; oder Rotenone (Derris).
(22) Spannungsabhängige Natriumkanal-Blocker, z.B. Indoxacarb; Metaflumizone. (23) Inhibitoren der Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase, wie beispielsweise Tetronsäure-Derivate, z.B. Spirodiclofen und Spiromesifen; oder Tetramsäure-Derivate, z.B. Spirotetramat.
(24) Komplex-IV-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielswe ise Pho sphine , z . B . Aluminiumphosphid, Kalziumphosphid, Phosphin, Zinkphosphid; oder Cyanid.
(25) Komplex-II-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielsweise Cyenopyrafen. (28) Ryanodinrezeptor-Effektoren, wie beispielsweise Diamide, z.B . Chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) und Flubendiamide.
Weitere Wirkstoffe mit unbekanntem Wirkmechanismus, wie beispielsweise Azadirachtin, Amidoflumet, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Chinomethionat, Cryolite, Cyflumetofen, Dicofol, Flu- fenerim, Pyridalyl und Pyrifluquinazon; oder folgende bekannte wirksame Verbindungen 4-{[(6-Brompyrid-3-yl)memyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-o n ( be k a n n t a u s W O 2007/1 15644), 4-{[(6-Fluoφyrid-3-yl)me1hyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/1 15644), 4-{[(2-Chlor-l,3 hiazol-5-yl)me1hyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/1 15644), 4-{[(6-Chloφyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)- o n ( b e k a n n t a u s W O 2 0 0 7 / 1 1 5 6 4 4 ) , 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyi](2,2- difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-Chlor-5-fh^yrid-3- yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/1 15643), 4-{[(5,6-Dichk^yrid- 3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/115646), 4-{[(6-Chlor-5- fluoφyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/1 15643), 4- {[(6-Chloφyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus EP-A-0 539 588), 4-{[(6-Chloφyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus EP-A-0 539 588), [(6- Chloφyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt aus WO 2007/149134), [l-(6-Chloφyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sul fanyli dencyanam id (b ekannt au s WO 2007/149134) und seine Diastereomere (A) und (B)
(A) (B)
(ebenfalls bekannt aus WO 2007/149134), [(6-Trifluormethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido- 4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt aus WO 2007/095229), Sulfoxaflor
(ebenfalls bekannt aus WO 2007/149134), l l-(4-Chlor-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-l,4- dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-l l-en-10-on (bekannt aus WO 2006/089633), 3-(4'-Fluor-2,4- dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-l-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-o n ( b e k a n n t a u s WO 2 0 0 8 / 0 6 7 9 1 1 ) u n d l-{2,4-Dimethyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol (bekannt aus WO 1999/55668).
Bevorzugt ist der Insektizide Wirkstoff ausgewählt aus der Gruppe enthaltend Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Agonisten, Fiprole, Allosterische Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Modulatoren, Spannungsabhängige Natriumkanal-Blocker und Chlorid-Kanal-Aktivatoren
Besonders bevorzugt ist Imidacloprid, Clothianidin, Fipronil, Spinosad, Indoxacarb und Abamectin.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist Imidacloprid. In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der erfindungsgemäße Köder Fipronil. Ebenfalls besonders bevorzugt enthält der erfindungsgemäße Köder Clothianidin.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder enthalten Fraßstoffe, Fraßstimulantien und gegebenenfalls Lockstoffe. Als Fraßstoffe werden Inhaltsstoffe bezeichnet, die der Nahrungsaufnahme der Insekten dienen. Als Fraßstimulantien werden alle Inhaltstoffe bezeichnet welche bei Insekten einen Fraßvorgang verstärken oder verlängern. Als Lockstoffe werden alle Stoffe bezeichnet, welche Insekten über Distanz anlocken können. Es können Gemische aller drei Inhaltstoffe eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt werden jedoch ausschließlich Fraßstoffe und Fraßstimulantien eingesetzt.
Beispiele für geeignete in Ködern eingesetzte Lebensmittel-Fraßstoffe sind Wasser, Getreidepulver, wie etwa Weizenpulver, Maispulver, Reispulver, Reiskleie und ähnliche, Stärken wie etwa Kartoffelstärke, Maisstärke und dergleichen, Zuckerarten wie etwa Saccharose,
Malzzucker, Arabinose, Galactose, Milchzucker, Sorbitose, Traubenzucker, Fruchtzucker, Sorbitol, Maissirup, Ahornsirup, Melasse, Coca-Cola-Sirup, Invertzuckerarten (Invertix), Mollassen, Honig und dergleichen, sowie Glyzerin und dergleichen. Eiweiße wie etwa Fleisch, Fleischextrakte, und Milchpulver, Fischmehl, Fischextrakte oder, Meeresfrüchte, Meeresfrüchteextrake, Insekten, Insektenextrakte oder, Hefe, Hefeextrakt und dergleichen. Ebenfalls als Ködermaterialien geeignet sind Fette und Öle, wie etwa Pflanzenöle z.B. aus Mais, Oliven, Kümmel, Erdnüssen, Sesamöl, Sojabohnen, Sonnenblumen, tierische Fette und Öle, sowie aus Fischen gewonnene Öle und dergleichen. Diese Ködermaterialien können allein oder als Mischung von einem oder mehreren Stoffen in jedem Verhältnis verwendet werden. Besonders bevorzugt sind solche Fraßstoffe wie z.B. Wasser, einfache oder komplexe Zucker, Fleischextrakte, tierische Fette und Öle.
Beispiele für geeignete in Ködern eingesetzte Fraßstimulantien sind beispielsweise Extrakte aus Fleisch, Fisch oder Insekten. Zur Fraßstimulierung eignen sich ebenfalls bestimmte natürliche oder synthetische Aromastoffe wie z.B. Fleischaromen, Fischaromen Meeresfrüchtearomen, Zwiebelaroma, Milcharoma, Butteraroma, Käsearomen, Frucht-Aromen wie z.B. Apfel, Aprikose, Banane, Brombeere, Kirsche, Korinthe, Stachelbeere, Pampelmuse, Himbeere oder Erdbeere (rein, Sirup oder Extrakt). Besonders bevorzugte Fraßstimulantien sind z.B Extrakte aus Fleisch, Fisch oder Insekten sowie Frucht-Aromen. Ein ganz besonders geeigneter Frucht-Aromastoff ist Bananenaroma.
Pheromone haben in Ködern gegen kriechende Insekten, insbesondere Schaben, bisher keine kommerzielle Anwendung gefunden. Der Vollständigkeit halber seien folgende Beispiele für in Insektenködergele einsetzbare Lockstoffe genannt: Aggregationspheromone der Deutschen Schabe (Kotextrakte, Carbonsäuren, Blattellastanosid A und B, Dimethylamino (1-) 2-methyl-2-propanol, Dimethylamin und sein Hydrochlorid), Sexualpheromone der Deutschen Schabe (Dimethyl (3, 1 1-)- 2-nonacosanon, Hydroxy (29-)-3, l l-dimethyl-2-nonacosanon, Oxo (29-)3, l l-dimethyl-2- nonacosanon, 3, l l-Dimethyl-2-Heptacosanon, Gentisyl chinon isovalerat = Blattellachinon), Sexualpheromone der Amerikanischen Schabe (Germacratrien = Periplanon A, Germacradien = Periplanon B und deren Derivate) sowie Mimics (z.B. (+)-Bornylacetat, Fenchylacetat, Germacren D, Ve rbe nyl acetat, Ve rb enylp rop i onat) , S exualphe romone de r B raunb and schabe (Dimethylheptanyl 5-(2 4') 3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-on = Supellapyron, Methyl (3-),5(2,4- dimethylheptanyl) alpha pyron).
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Köders enthält das Ködermaterial ein oder mehrere Köderfraßstoffe und gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Köders enthält das Ködermaterial mindestens ein Köderfraßstoff und mindestens eine Fraßstimulanz. Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern enthaltenen Kapseln weisen bevorzugt neben der polymeren Matrix noch Fraßstimulantien und gegebenenfalls Lockstoffe oder Farbstoffe auf, die in dieser Matrix eingelagert sind. Besonders bevorzugt enthalten die in den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern enthaltenen Kapseln neben der polymeren Matrix noch ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien und Farbstoff.
Zur Herstellung der in den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern enthaltenden Kapseln wird das Vertropfungsverfahren angewendet. Die monodispersen sphärischen Kapseln werden durch Vertropfen einer wässrigen Mischung enthaltend Fraßstimulantien und wasserlösliches vernetzbares Polymer sowie gegebenenfalls Farbstoff und anschließenden Vernetzen des Polymers erhalten.
Die Menge an vernetzbarem Polymer in der wässrigen Matrix-Lösung beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 0,01 Gew.-% und 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0, 1 Gew.-% und 3 Gew.-% und insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 Gew.-% und 2 Gew.-%.
Die Menge an eingesetzten Fraßstimulantien in der wässrigen Matrix-Lösung beträgt zwischen 0,01 und 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,05 und 10 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,l und 5 Gew.-%.
Die Menge an eingesetzten Farbstoff in der wässrigen Matrix-Lösung beträgt zwischen 0,001 und 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,05 und 1 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,08 und 0, 1 Gew.-%. Das vernetzbare Polymer ist wasserlöslich, so dass man daraus die wässrigen Lösungen mit mindestens den genannten Konzentrationsobergrenzen herstellen kann. Bevorzugt handelt es sich um ein ionotrop vernetzbares Polymer. Letzteres wird insbesondere ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend Carrageenan, Alginat und Gellan Gum sowie deren Mischungen und besonders bevorzugt wird Natriumalginat als Matrix-bildendes vernetzbares Polymer eingesetzt.
Durch das Vertropfungsverfahren kann in einfacher Weise gewährleistet werden, dass das Teilchen sphärisch, das heißt weitestgehend rund ist, insbesondere dass sein Durchmesser in allen anderen räumlichen Ausdehnungen nicht mehr als 15%, bevorzugt nicht mehr als 10% und besonders bevorzugt nicht mehr als 5% kleiner ist als sein Durchmesser entlang der größten räumlichen Ausdehnung.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass das die Matrix ausbildende vernetzbare Polymer aus einem Material aus der Gruppe umfassend Carrageenan, Alginat und Gellan Gum sowie deren Mischungen ausgewählt ist, besonders bevorzugt ist Na-Alginat.
Alginat ist ein natürlich vorkommendes Salz der Alginsäure und kommt in Braunalgen (Phaeophycea) als Zellwandbestandteil vor. Alginate sind saure, Carboxy-Gruppen enthaltende Polysaccharide mit einem relativen Molekulargewicht MR von ca. 200.000, bestehend aus D- Mannuronsäure und L-Guluronsäure in unterschiedlichen Verhältnissen, welche mit 1,4- glykosidischen Bindungen verknüpft sind. Die Natrium-, Kalium-, Ammonium- und Magnesiumalginate sind wasserlöslich. Die Viskosität von Alginat-Lösungen hängt unter anderem von der Molmasse und vom Gegenion ab. Calciumalginate bilden zum Beispiel bei bestimmten Mengenverhältnissen thermoirreversible Gele. Natriumalginate ergeben sehr viskose Lösungen mit Wasser und können durch Wechselwirkung mit di- oder trivalenten Metallionen wie Ca2+ vernetzt werden. Inhaltsstoffe, die auch in der wässrigen Natriumalginatlösung enthalten sind, werden so in einer Alginatmatrix eingeschlossen. Bevorzugt wird eine CaCl2-Lösung zur Vernetzung eingesetzt. Carrageenan ist ein Extrakt aus den zu den Florideen zählenden Rotalgen (Chondrus crispus u. Gigartina stellata). In Gegenwart von K+-Ionen oder Ca2+-Ionen vernetzt Carrageenan.
Gellan Gum ist ein unverzweigtes anionionisches mikrobielles Heteroexopolysaccharid mit einer tetrasaccharidischen Grundeinheit, bestehend aus den Monomeren Glucose, Glucuronsäure und Rhamnose, wobei etwa jede Grundeinheit mit einem L-Glycerat und jede zweite Grundeinheit mit einem Acetat verestert ist. Gellan Gum vernetzt in Gegenwart von K+-Ionen, Nationen, Ca2+- Ionen oder Mg2+-Ionen. Von den genannten Materialien für die Matrix ist Alginat bevorzugt.
Diese Materialien können besonders gut mit Kationen zu vernetzten unlöslichen Gelen vernetzt werden. Durch Eintropfen von Lösungen dieser Materialien in Kationen-haltige Lösungen können auf einfache Weise im Wesentlichen kugelförmige Kapseln hergestellt werden, welche in ihrem Inneren noch die Lösungsbestandteile enthalten. Wenn die Lösung der Vernetzungsmaterialien noch weitere Bestandteile aufweist, im vorliegenden Fall darin Lockstoffe, sind diese nach dem Vernetzen vom Kapselmaterial umgeben und dadurch geschützt. Durch Trocknen kann das
Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Wasser, aus dem Kapselinneren zumindest anteilig entfernt werden. Ein vollständiges Entfernen ist normalerweise nicht nötig und insbesondere dann nicht bevorzugt, wenn die Kapseln in ein gelartiges Ködermaterial eingearbeitet werden sollen, welches das entsprechende Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Wasser, bereits ebenfalls enthält, da sich dann das Lösungsmittel-Gleichgewicht zwischen dem Kapselinneren und der die Kapsel umgebenden äußeren kontinuierlichen Flüssigphase rascher einstellt.
Bevorzugt wird zunächst das vernetzbare Polymer vollständig in Wasser gelöst und anschließend die Fraßstimulanz und gegebenenfalls der Farbstoff zugesetzt und gemischt. Diese Lösung wird als Vertropfüngslösung bezeichnet. Als Härtungsbad wird eine wässrige Kationen-haltige Lösung bezeichnet. Die Vertropfung erfolgt dann indem die Vertropfüngslösung in eine Vorlage und das Härtungsbad in einen Auffangbehälter überführt wird. Au s d e r V o rl ag e w i rd d i e Vertropfüngslösung in den Tropfkopf gepumpt. Die Düse und somit der Flüssigkeitsstrom wird durch eine Vibrationseinheit, bevorzugt eine Membran, in Schwingung versetzt. Dadurch zerfällt der Flüssigkeitsstrahl in einzelne, gleichgroße Tropfen. Die erzeugten Tropfen fallen in das Härtungsbad und die eintropfenden Tropfen vernetzen zu Kapseln. Die so erhaltenen Kapseln werden nach der Herstellung mit VE-Wasser gewaschen und abgefüllt.
Die Kapseln können im herstellungsbedingten Rahmen eine beliebige Form aufweisen, sie sind jedoch bevorzugt wenigstens näherungsweise kugelförmig. Durch das Vertropfen ist außerdem leicht gewährleistbar, dass sie monodispers sind, das heißt alle Kapseln sind im Wesentlichen gleich groß, da sich bei konstanten Tropfbedingungen aus der gleichen Vertropfungsflüssigkeit gleiche Tropfen bilden.
Aus ästhetischen Gründen kann es wünschenswert sein, dass die Kapseln gefärbt sind. Dazu kann die Kapsel ein oder mehr Farbmittel wie Pigment oder Farbstoff enthalten. Bevorzugt stammt dieser aus der wässrigen Matrix-Lösung, die dazu Farbmittel, insbesondere Farbmittel wie sie in der Lebensmittel- oder Textilindustrie Verwendung finden, enthält. Ein besonders bevorzugtes Pigment ist Indanthren blau T-BC.
Der erfindungsgemäße Köder liegt in Form eines Gels vor. Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gele Kolloide, in denen sich die Dispersionsphase mit der kontinuierlichen Phase kombiniert hat, um ein gallertartiges Produkt herzustellen, das folgende Eigenschaften besitzt: Dynamische Viskosität zwischen 4000 und 100.000 mPas, bevorzugt 4000 bis 10.000 mPas (20°C, Rotationsviskosimeter, Scherrate 10/s).
Der erfindungsgemäße Köder kann beispielsweise so hergestellt werden, indem man das Geliermittel und Wasser vermischt, die Mischung durch Erhitzen verflüssigt, den Insektizide Wirkstoff, die polymeren Kapseln, das Ködermaterial oder, falls erforderlich, andere Hilfsstoffe zusetzt und die Mischung durch Abkühlen verfestigt. Die so erhaltenen Produkte können in einer beliebigen gewünschten Form formuliert werden, indem man sie während des Abkühlungs- und Verfestigungsprozesses in eine geeignete Form einbringt. Sie können des Weiteren nach der Verfestigung mittels Verfahren einschließlich Schneiden, Zerkleinern usw. in eine beliebige Form gebracht werden.
In einer bevorzugten Variante wird der erfindungsgemäße Köder so hergestellt, dass das Geliermittel und Wasser vermischt werden, der Insektizide Wirkstoff, das Ködermaterial oder, falls erforderlich, andere Hilfsstoffe zugesetzt und die Mischung anschließend durch pH-Änderung verfestigt wird. Die polymeren Kapseln werden abschließend in das Gel eingerührt.
Geeignete Geliermittel sind jede beliebige aus einer Vielzahl von hydrophilen Substanzen, die verwendet werden, um ein Gel zu bilden, indem die Viskosität und die Streckgrenze von flüssigen Mischungen erhöht werden. Die folgenden können zum Beispiel als Geliermittel entsprechend der Erfindung erwähnt werden: Stärken, Gellan-Gummi, Karrageen-Gummi, Agar-Agar, Kasein, Gelatine , Carob-Gummi, Anthan-Gummi, Jelutong-Gummi, Polysaccharid-Gummis, Phycokolloide, Polyakrylat-Polymer, semisynthetische Zellulose-Derivate (Carboxymethyl- Zellulose, usw.), Polyvinylalkohol, Carboxyvinylate, Bentonite, Silikate und Kolloid-Silica. Diese Geliermittel können allein oder als eine Mischung von zwei oder mehreren Mitteln in jedem Verhältnis verwendet werden. Bevorzugte Geliermittel sind Xanthan-Gummis und Polyacrylat- Polymere. Besonders bevorzugte Geliermittel sind Rhodopol G und Carbopol EZ-2.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder können gegebenenfalls noch weitere Hilfsmittel wie Stabilisatoren, Abschreckmittel, Farbstoffe oder Antiseptika enthalten. Stabilisatoren sind zum Beispiel ein Calciumsalz, wie etwa Calciumlactat, Calciumchlorid und dergleichen. Geeignete Abschreckmittel sind zum Beispiel scharfe oder bittere Substanzen, wie etwa Guinea-Pfefferpulver, Denatoriumbenzoat und dergleichen. Ein besonders bevorzugtes Abschreckmittel ist Denatoriumbenzoat. Antiseptika sind zum Beispiel Sorbinsäure, Sorbinate, Benzoesäure, Benzoat, Paraoxybenzoester, Methylisothiazolinone, Benzisothiazolinone, Chlor- methylisothiazolinone und dergleichen. Besonders bevorzugte Antiseptika sind Sorbinsäure, Natriumbenzoat, Methylisothiazolinone, Benzisothiazolinone und Chlormethylisothiazolinone.
In den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern liegt der Gehalt an Insektiziden Wirkstoffen im Allgemeinen zwischen 1 χ IGT5 und 10 Gew.- %, der Gehalt an Geliermittel im Allgemeinen zwischen 0, 1 und 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 bis 2 Gew.-%, der Gehalt an Ködermaterialien im Allgemeinen zwischen 10 und 70 Gew.-% und der Gehalt an polymeren Kapseln zwischen 1 und 10 Gew.-% und an anderen Hilfsstoffen zwischen 0.1 und 25 Gew.-% .
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder können zur Bekämpfung verschiedener kriechender Insekten verwendet werden, indem man sie an Orten platziert, an denen Schadinsekten leben oder die sie passieren.
Unter den Schadinsekten, die bekämpft werden können, seien nicht nur Insekten, wie die Deutsche Schabe (Blattella germanica), die Orientalische Schabe (Blatta orientalis), die Amerikanische Schabe (Periplaneta americana) die Braunbandschabe (Supella longipalpa), sondern auch Fliegen, wie die Hausfliege (Musca domestica) und Ameisen, wie z.B. Rasenameise (Tetramorium caespitum), Schwarzgraue Wegameise (Lasius niger), Pharaoameise (Monomorium pharanois), Argentinische Ameise (Linepithema humile), Schwarzkopfameise (Tapinoma melanocephalum) genannt. Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder werden bevorzugt bei der Bekämpfung von Schaben, also Insekten der Ordnung Blattariae, insbesondere der Familie Blattellidae, vorzugsweise der Art Blattella germanica oder der Familie Blattidae, vorzugsweise der Arten Blatta orientalis und Periplaneta americana, aber auch gegen andere Schabenarten, ganz besonders bevorzugt jedoch gegen Blattella germanica, eingesetzt. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Köders zur Bekämpfung von kriechenden Insekten, bevorzugt aus der Ordnung Blattariae, die sich im Larven- oder Nymphen- Stadium befinden.
Die zu verwendenden Do sen an Insektiziden Wirkstoffen bei Anwendungen im Haus, beispielsweise zur Bekämpfung von Schaben, und bei Außenanwendungen, beispielsweise zur Bekämpfung von Ameisen oder Armadillidia, beispielsweise zwischen 5 und 500 mg pro m2 liegen. Die Dosen an Insektiziden Wirkstoffen in den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern liegen im Allgemeinen zwischen 1 χ 10~5 und 10 Gew.-%.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köderzusammensetzungen wirken aber auch gegen Arten wie beispielsweise Schädlingen aus der Ordnung der · Zygentoma, z.B. Lepisma saccharina;
• Orthoptera, z.B. Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp.,
• Dermaptera, z.B. Forficula auricularia;
• Crustacea, z.B. Porcellio scaber
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, auf die sie jedoch nicht beschränkt ist.
Beispiele
Tabelle 1 :
Anzahl der innerhalb von 10 Minuten zum Fraß führenden Kontakte einer Schabenpopulation. Die Schaben hatten die freie Wahl zwischen Standardködergel mit verkapselten Aromastoff und freiem Aromastoff
Tabelle 2:
Gesamtmenge an toten Schaben (Adulte) nach Ausbringung der angegebenen Köder nach der angegebenen Zeit (d = Tage, w = Wochen)
Maxforce White IC: auf Basis von 2, 15 Gew.-% Imidacloprid
Formulierung 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 2w
Maxforce® White IC Standard 1 1 3 12 26
Maxforce® White IC (Rezeptur mit 5 %
Alginatkapseln + 0.20 % Bananenaroma) 3 3 11 32 66
Kontrolle 0 0 0 0 0
Tabelle 3:
Gesamtmenge an toten Schaben (Larvenstadien) nach Ausbringung der angegebenen Köder nach der angegebenen Zeit .
Tabelle 4:
Verbesserte Aufnahme (Fraß) des erfindungsgemäßen Produktes
Tabelle 5:
Verhältnis von Larvenstadien zu Adulten. Ein Faktor <1 bedeutet mehr Larven als Adulte. Die Analyse der Falleninhalte zeigt, dass im erfindungsgemäßen Produkt das Verhältnis umgekehrt ist, d.h. es werden mehr Adulte als Larven gefangen.
Verhältnis von Larven zu Adulten
3 Tage 7 Tage 14 Tage 28 Tage
Vor nach nach nach nach Behandlung Behandlung Behandlung Behandlung Behandlung
Maxforce® White IC 1,5 2,5 2,0 3,9 4,3
Maxforce® White IC
0,4 0,7 0,2 0,2 (mit 5 % 1,7
Alginatkapseln + 0.20
% Bananenaroma
Referenzprodukt* 1,4 1,2 2, 1 2,3 3,3
Unbehandelte Kontrolle 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,7
Vlaxforce® Gel mit 2 % Hydramethylnon
Tabelle 6 (Blatella Germanica)^ ergleich von erfindungsgemäßen Produkten, welche als Insektiziden Wirkstoff entweder 2, 15% Imidaclopid oder 1% Clothianidin enthalten. Der Einsatz von Clothianidin bewirkt eine weitere Effizienzsteigerung, hier bei der Deutschen Schabe B. germanica..
Tabelle 7 (Blatta orientalis)
Vergleich von erfindungsgemäßen Produkten, welche als Insektiziden Wirkstoff entweder 2, 15% Imidaclopid oder 1% Clothianidin enthalten. Der Einsatz von Clothianidin bewirkt eine weitere Effizienzsteigerung, hier bei der Orientalischen Schabe B. orientalis.
% Mortality
Adults Nymphs
Formulation 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d
Maxforce® White IC Rezeptur
2.15 % Imidacloprid + 5% Alginatkapseln
mit 0.2% Bananenaroma 64 56 76 86 48 54 62 74
Maxforce® White IC Rezeptur
1 % Clothianidin + 5% Alginatkapseln mit
0.2% Bananenaroma 76 74 90 96 40 62 72 86
Control 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 30 eile 8 (Pen plane ta americana):
Vergleich von erfindungsgemäßen Produkten, welche als Insektiziden Wirkstoff entweder 2, 15% Imidaclopid oder 1% Clothianidin enthalten. Der Einsatz von Clothianidin bewirkt eine deutliche Effizienzsteigerung, hier bei der Amerikanischen Schabe P. americana.
% Mortality
Adults Nymphs
Formulation 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d
Maxforce® White IC Rezeptur
2.15 % Imidacloprid + 5% Alginatkapseln
mit 0.2% Bananenaroma 34 46 46 40 16 48 48 44
Maxforce® White IC Rezeptur
1 % Clothianidin + 5% Alginatkapseln mit
0.2% Bananenaroma 66 86 92 98 12 58 64 72
Claims
I . Köder, enthaltend ein oder mehrere Insektizide Wirkstoffe, ein Ködermaterial in Form eines Gels sowie wasserunlösliche, polymere Kapseln mit einem Durchmesser von 0, 1 bis 5 mm, welche eine Polymermatrix aufweisen, die Tröpfchen eines oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien enthält.
2. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass polymere Kapseln einen Durchmesser von 0,5 bis 2 mm aufweisen.
3. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Insektizide Wirkstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe enthaltend Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Spinosad, Indoxacarb und Abamectin.
4. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Insektizide Wirkstoff Imidacloprid ist.
5. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Insektizide Wirkstoff Fipronil ist.
6. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Insektizide Wirkstoff Clothianidin ist.
7. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ködermaterial ein oder mehrere Köderfraßstoffe enthält.
8. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ködermaterial mindestens ein Köderfraßstoff und mindestens eine Fraßstimulanz enthält.
9. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kapseln ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien und gegebenenfalls Lockstoffe oder Farbstoffe aufweisen, die in dieser Matrix eingelagert sind.
10. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kapseln ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien und Farbstoff aufweisen
I I . Köder gemäß Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fraßstimulanz ein Bananenaroma ist.
12. Verwendung der Köder gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kriechenden Insekten im Larven- oder Nymphen-Stadium sind.
Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Insekten aus der Ordnung Blattariae stammen.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11731393.2A EP2595478A2 (de) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-07-15 | Gelköder zur bekämpfung von kriechenden schadinsekten |
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|---|---|---|---|
| EP10170117 | 2010-07-20 | ||
| US36619910P | 2010-07-21 | 2010-07-21 | |
| EP11152000 | 2011-01-25 | ||
| EP11731393.2A EP2595478A2 (de) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-07-15 | Gelköder zur bekämpfung von kriechenden schadinsekten |
| PCT/EP2011/062126 WO2012010509A2 (de) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-07-15 | Gelköder zur bekämpfung von kriechenden schadinsekten |
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| EP2595478A2 true EP2595478A2 (de) | 2013-05-29 |
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| EP11731393.2A Withdrawn EP2595478A2 (de) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-07-15 | Gelköder zur bekämpfung von kriechenden schadinsekten |
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| US (1) | US20120017491A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2595478A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2013532642A (de) |
| KR (2) | KR20130127416A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN103025156B (de) |
| AR (1) | AR082770A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2011281750B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR112013001477A2 (de) |
| CL (1) | CL2013000182A1 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX350120B (de) |
| PH (1) | PH12013500129A1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2572758C2 (de) |
| TW (1) | TWI556736B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012010509A2 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201300141B (de) |
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| CN103563962B (zh) * | 2012-07-20 | 2015-08-19 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含藻酸丙二醇酯与新烟碱类的杀虫组合物 |
| US20160150775A1 (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | BioGenius GmbH | Bait compositions and methods for controlling a pest by physical effects |
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| US20200029555A1 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2020-01-30 | Dong-Hwan CHOE | Biodegradable hydrogel to deliver aqueous bait to control pest ants |
| AU2018207567A1 (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2019-08-08 | AgBiome, Inc. | Methods and compositions for feeding piercing and sucking insects |
| WO2018162954A1 (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-13 | Centro De Entomología Aplicada Ltda. | Method to manufacture ant bait matrices and compositions |
| US20190357530A1 (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-11-28 | Upl Ltd | Bead compositions for aquatic weed control |
| US12010989B2 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2024-06-18 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Roach gel formulations |
| CN113274413B (zh) * | 2021-07-01 | 2023-06-27 | 大理大学 | 美洲大蠊有效部位提取物及其提取方法、应用、药物组合物 |
| CN114467986A (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-13 | 河南农业大学 | 一种植物源软体动物引诱剂和诱芯及其制备方法 |
| CN116035003A (zh) * | 2023-01-12 | 2023-05-02 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 一种生物降解蓟马引诱涂抹胶剂及其使用方法 |
| KR20250030783A (ko) | 2023-08-25 | 2025-03-05 | 국립안동대학교 산학협력단 | 접촉페로몬을 포함하는 총채벌레 방제용 조성물, 방제용 키트 조성물 및 이를 이용한 총채벌레 방제방법 |
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- 2011-07-15 KR KR1020137001405A patent/KR20130127416A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-15 RU RU2013107118/13A patent/RU2572758C2/ru active
- 2011-07-15 KR KR1020197001747A patent/KR102131333B1/ko active Active
- 2011-07-15 JP JP2013520076A patent/JP2013532642A/ja active Pending
- 2011-07-15 EP EP11731393.2A patent/EP2595478A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-15 BR BR112013001477A patent/BR112013001477A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-07-15 PH PH1/2013/500129A patent/PH12013500129A1/en unknown
- 2011-07-15 MX MX2013000590A patent/MX350120B/es active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112013001477A2 (pt) | 2016-05-31 |
| MX350120B (es) | 2017-08-28 |
| TW201215316A (en) | 2012-04-16 |
| AR082770A1 (es) | 2013-01-09 |
| TWI556736B (zh) | 2016-11-11 |
| WO2012010509A2 (de) | 2012-01-26 |
| JP2013532642A (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
| RU2013107118A (ru) | 2014-08-27 |
| KR102131333B1 (ko) | 2020-07-08 |
| PH12013500129A1 (en) | 2013-03-11 |
| WO2012010509A3 (de) | 2012-03-29 |
| MX2013000590A (es) | 2013-03-05 |
| CL2013000182A1 (es) | 2013-05-17 |
| US20120017491A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
| CN103025156B (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
| AU2011281750A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
| CN103025156A (zh) | 2013-04-03 |
| AU2011281750B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
| KR20130127416A (ko) | 2013-11-22 |
| KR20190010721A (ko) | 2019-01-30 |
| ZA201300141B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| RU2572758C2 (ru) | 2016-01-20 |
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