EP2595478A2 - Gel bait for controlling crawling harmful insects - Google Patents

Gel bait for controlling crawling harmful insects

Info

Publication number
EP2595478A2
EP2595478A2 EP11731393.2A EP11731393A EP2595478A2 EP 2595478 A2 EP2595478 A2 EP 2595478A2 EP 11731393 A EP11731393 A EP 11731393A EP 2595478 A2 EP2595478 A2 EP 2595478A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bait
capsules
insects
baits
bait according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11731393.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Volker Gutsmann
Thomas Böcker
Guenther Nentwig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Original Assignee
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH filed Critical Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Priority to EP11731393.2A priority Critical patent/EP2595478A2/en
Publication of EP2595478A2 publication Critical patent/EP2595478A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
    • A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
    • A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the provision of a new gel bait for controlling harmful insects, especially crawling insects. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such baits, to methods for preparing such baits and to methods of controlling harmful insects.
  • Baits can be provided in the form of granules. However, granules can only be applied to a horizontal construction, they can not be mounted on vertical structures. It is also possible to provide the baits as liquid formulations, also referred to as "paint formulations.” Such liquids are supplied to the consumer as a concentrate, and the consumer must prepare a dilution followed by spraying / painting for actual use.
  • WO 97/11602 describes baits for controlling insects, which baits consist of a hydrolyzable starting material and an active ingredient selected from a group of 1-arylpyrazoles. Furthermore, WO 91/07972 describes insect control baits consisting of carrageenan as gelling agent and of specific insecticides.
  • the baits commonly used in the course of storage lose their attractiveness for the corresponding insect pests due to loss of moisture or flavorings.
  • many added flavorings change their smell over a longer period of storage of the product.
  • Another disadvantage of the baits of the prior art is that by adding flavorings such as orange or banana flavor the bait also appears attractive to other animals such as dogs, cats or children. Through elaborate and accordingly expensive packaging or bait boxes, for example, access to the poison bait can be prevented.
  • capsules that contain these ingredients.
  • two types are distinguished. On the one hand, there are capsules with a core-shell structure in which the ingredient is surrounded by a wall or barrier. On the other hand, there are capsules in which the ingredient is distributed in a matrix of a matrix-forming material. Such capsules are also referred to as "speckies" and are used in liquid or gel detergents.
  • US 6,855,681 discloses a detergent composition comprising a matrix encapsulated active ingredient The matrix of capsules contains a hydrated anionic gum and the encapsulated active ingredient
  • Microcapsules are also described in DE-A 43 09 756. These comprise a core material which is coated with an impermeable coat of glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin The microcapsules have a controlled release of active ingredient.
  • WO 01/30144 discloses microspheres which have a hydrophilic matrix core and an adjacent second, ionically complexed layer. Alginates are mentioned as possible matrix materials. The active substance may be contained in the core matrix. The microspheres are added in the form of a suspension to aqueous or solvent-based solutions.
  • WO 00/32043 describes water-insoluble polymeric spheres comprising a polymeric matrix having a plurality of drops of a volatile hydrophobic compound.
  • the compounds are preferably pheromones.
  • Alginates are disclosed as the polymeric matrix.
  • the balls disclosed there also have a controlled release of active ingredient.
  • the object was to provide a bait without consuming and therefore costly packaging and does not attract attention to non-target living things. Also, the bait should also show a particularly good effect against larvae or nymphs.
  • baits which, in addition to an insecticidal active substance, also have capsules which are prepared by the dropping method and which contain one or more feeding stimulants in a polymeric matrix, achieve the object according to the invention.
  • the present invention thus relates to a bait comprising one or more insecticidal active substances, a bait material in the form of a gel, and water-insoluble, polymeric capsules having a diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0, 8 to 1.5 mm, which have a polymer matrix containing droplets of one or more feeding stimulants.
  • the baits according to the invention contain at least one insecticidal active ingredient.
  • Suitable insecticidal active substances are, for example:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as
  • Carbamates e.g. Alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or
  • Organophosphates eg. Acephates, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), cadusafos, chloroethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl), coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinone, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoates, dimethylvinphos, disulphoton , EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O- (methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathione, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathione, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Ometho
  • GABA-controlled chloride channel antagonists such as organochlorines, e.g. Chlordane and endosulfan (alpha); or
  • Fiproles phenylpyrazoles
  • Ethiprole e.g. Ethiprole
  • Fipronil e.g. Fipronil
  • Pyrafluprole e.g. Pyrafluprole
  • sodium channel modulators / voltage dependent sodium channel blockers such as pyrethroids, e.g. Acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis -trans, d-trans), bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (beta), cyhalothrin (gamma, lambda), cypermethrin (alpha, beta , theta, zeta), cyphenothrin [(R) trans isomers], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ) (li) isomers], esfenvalerates, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerates, flucythrinates, flumethrin , Fluvalinate (tau-), Halfenprox, Im
  • nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists such as nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists
  • Neonicotinoids e.g. Acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; or nicotine.
  • Allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators such as spinosyns, e.g. Spinetoram and spinosad.
  • Avermectins / milbemycins e.g. Abamectin, Emamectin benzoate, Lepimectin and Milbemectin.
  • Juvenile hormone analogs e.g. Hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; or fenoxycarb; Pyritexyfen.
  • agents with unknown or non-specific mechanisms of action such as Fumigants, eg, methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrin; sulfuryl fluoride; Borax; Tartar emetic.
  • Microbial disruptors of insect intestinal membrane such as Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT plant proteins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Abl.
  • insect intestinal membrane such as Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT plant proteins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, C
  • inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP disruptors such as diafenthiuron; or
  • Organotin compounds e.g. Azocyclotine, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide; or propargite; Tetradifon.
  • Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor antagonists such as Bensultap, Cartap (hydrochloride), thiocylam, and thiosultap (-sodium).
  • inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, such as benzoylureas, e.g. Bistrifluron, chlorofluorazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
  • inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1, such as buprofezin.
  • Moulting agents such as Cyromazine.
  • ecdysone agonists / disruptors such as
  • Diacylhydrazines e.g. Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide and Tebufenozide. (19) Octopaminergic agonists, such as amitraz.
  • complex III electron transport inhibitors such as hydramethylnone; acequinocyl; Fluacrypyrim.
  • complex I electron transport inhibitors for example from the group of METI acaricides, eg fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; or Rotenone (Derris).
  • tetronic acid derivatives e.g. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen
  • tetramic acid derivatives e.g. Spirotetramat.
  • complex IV electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, phosphines, e.g. B. Aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide; or cyanide.
  • ryanodine receptor effectors such as diamides, e.g. Chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) and Flubendiamide.
  • drugs with unknown mechanism of action such as azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate, quinomethionate, cryolites, cyflumetofen, dicofol, fluenerim, pyridalyl and pyrifluquinazone; or the following known effective compounds 4 - ⁇ [(6-bromopyrid-3-yl) memyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino ⁇ furan-2 (5H) -one (be known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4 - ⁇ [( 6-Fluo ⁇ yrid-3-yl) methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl) amino ⁇ furan-2 (5H) -one (known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4 - ⁇ [(2-chloro-1,3-hiazole -5-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino ⁇ furan-2 (5H) -one (known from
  • the insecticidal active ingredient is selected from the group comprising nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists, fiproles, allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators, voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, and chloride channel activators
  • imidacloprid clothianidin, fipronil, spinosad, indoxacarb and abamectin.
  • the bait according to the invention contains fipronil.
  • the bait according to the invention contains clothianidin.
  • the baits according to the invention contain feedstuffs, feeding stimulants and optionally attractants.
  • Feeds are ingredients that are used to feed insects.
  • Feeding stimulants are all ingredients which in insects reinforce or prolong a feeding process.
  • attractants all substances are referred to, which can attract insects over distance. Mixtures of all three ingredients can be used. Preferably, however, only feeds and feed stimulants are used.
  • suitable food feedstocks used in baits are water, cereal powders such as wheat powder, corn powder, rice powder, rice bran and the like, starches such as potato starch, corn starch and the like, sugars such as sucrose, Maltose, arabinose, galactose, lactose, sorbitose, dextrose, fructose, sorbitol, corn syrup, maple syrup, molasses, coca-cola syrup, inverted invertebrates, mollasses, honey and the like, as well as glycerine and the like.
  • Egg whites such as meat, meat extracts, and milk powder, fish meal, fish extracts or, seafood, seafood extract, insects, insect extracts or, yeast, yeast extract and the like.
  • bait materials are fats and oils such as vegetable oils such as corn, olives, cumin, peanuts, sesame oil, soybeans, sunflower, animal fats and oils, as well as fish derived oils and the like. These bait materials may be used alone or as a mixture of one or more materials in any proportion. Particularly preferred are such feed substances such as water, simple or complex sugars, meat extracts, animal fats and oils.
  • suitable feeding stimulants used in baits are, for example, extracts of meat, fish or insects.
  • suitable for feeding stimulation are certain natural or synthetic flavoring agents, e.g. Meat flavors, fish flavors, seafood flavors, onion flavors, milk flavor, butter flavor, cheese flavors, fruit flavors, e.g. Apple, apricot, banana, blackberry, cherry, currant, gooseberry, grapefruit, raspberry or strawberry (pure, syrup or extract).
  • Particularly preferred feeding stimulants are, for example, extracts of meat, fish or insects and fruit flavors.
  • a particularly suitable fruit flavoring is banana flavor.
  • the bait material contains at least one bait substance and at least one feeding stimulant.
  • the capsules contained in the baits according to the invention preferably contain, in addition to the polymeric matrix, feeding stimulants and optionally attractants or dyes incorporated in this matrix.
  • the capsules contained in the baits according to the invention contain, in addition to the polymeric matrix, one or more feeding stimulants and dye.
  • the dropping method is used.
  • the monodisperse spherical capsules are obtained by dripping an aqueous mixture containing edible stimulants and water-soluble crosslinkable polymer and optionally dye and then crosslinking the polymer.
  • the amount of crosslinkable polymer in the aqueous matrix solution is preferably between 0.01% by weight and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.1% by weight and 3% by weight and most preferably between 0, 5% by weight and 2% by weight.
  • the amount of feed stimulants used in the aqueous matrix solution is between 0.01 and 50 wt .-%, preferably between 0.05 and 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably between 0, l and 5 wt .-%.
  • the amount of dye used in the aqueous matrix solution is between 0.001 and 5 wt .-%, preferably between 0.05 and 1 wt .-% and particularly preferably between 0.08 and 0.1 wt .-%.
  • the crosslinkable polymer is water-soluble, so that it can be used to prepare the aqueous solutions having at least the stated upper concentration limits. It is preferably an ionotropic crosslinkable polymer. The latter is in particular selected from the group comprising carrageenan, alginate and gellan gum and mixtures thereof, and sodium alginate is particularly preferably used as the matrix-forming crosslinkable polymer.
  • the dropping method can be ensured in a simple manner that the particle is spherical, that is largely round, in particular that its diameter in all other spatial dimensions not more than 15%, preferably not more than 10% and particularly preferably not more than 5% smaller than its diameter along the largest spatial extent.
  • crosslinkable polymer forming the matrix is selected from a material selected from the group consisting of carrageenan, alginate and gellan gum and mixtures thereof, particularly preferred is sodium alginate.
  • Alginate is a naturally occurring salt of alginic acid and occurs in brown algae (Phaeophycea) as a cell wall component.
  • Alginates are acidic, carboxy group-containing polysaccharides with a relative molecular weight MR of about 200,000, consisting of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid in different ratios, which are linked to 1,4-glycosidic bonds.
  • the sodium, potassium, ammonium and magnesium alginates are water-soluble.
  • the viscosity of alginate solutions depends inter alia on the molecular weight and on the counterion. For example, calcium alginates form thermo-reversible gels at certain proportions.
  • Sodium alginates give very viscous solutions with water and can be cross-linked by interaction with di- or trivalent metal ions such as Ca 2+. Ingredients, which are also contained in the aqueous sodium alginate solution, are thus enclosed in an alginate matrix.
  • a CaCl 2 solution is used for crosslinking.
  • Carrageenan is an extract of the red algae (Chondrus crispus and Gigartina stellata) that belongs to the Floridae. In the presence of K + ions or Ca 2+ ions, carrageenan crosslinks.
  • Gellan gum is an unbranched anionic microbial heteroexopolysaccharide having a tetrasaccharide repeat unit consisting of the monomers glucose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose, wherein approximately each repeat unit is esterified with an L-glycerate and every other repeat unit is esterified with an acetate. Gellan gum cross-links in the presence of K + ions, nations, Ca 2+ ions or Mg 2+ ions. Of the materials mentioned for the matrix, alginate is preferred.
  • the crosslinkable polymer is first completely dissolved in water, and then the feed stimulant and optionally the dye are added and mixed.
  • This solution is referred to as Vertrop sympatsown.
  • the hardening bath is an aqueous cation-containing solution.
  • the dripping is then carried out by the Vertrop maringstress is transferred to a template and the curing bath in a collection container.
  • the dropping solution is pumped into the drip head.
  • the nozzle and thus the liquid flow is vibrated by a vibration unit, preferably a membrane.
  • the liquid jet breaks down into individual, equally sized drops.
  • the generated drops fall into the hardening bath and the dripping drops crosslink to capsules.
  • the capsules thus obtained are washed and bottled after production with demineralised water.
  • the capsules may have any shape in the production-related framework, but they are preferably at least approximately spherical. By the dripping is also easy to ensure that they are monodisperse, that is, all capsules are essentially the same size, since at constant dripping conditions from the same dropletizing droplets form the same.
  • the capsules may be colored.
  • the capsule may contain one or more colorants such as pigment or dye.
  • a particularly preferred pigment is indanthrene blue T-BC.
  • the bait according to the invention is in the form of a gel.
  • gels are colloids in which the dispersion phase has combined with the continuous phase to produce a gelatinous product having the following properties: dynamic viscosity between 4000 and 100,000 mPas, preferably 4000 to 10,000 mPas (20 ° C, Rotational viscometer, shear rate 10 / s).
  • the bait of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the gelling agent and water, liquefying the mixture by heating, adding the insecticidal active ingredient, the polymeric capsules, the bait material, or other excipients if necessary, and solidifying the mixture by cooling.
  • the products thus obtained may be formulated in any desired form by incorporation into a suitable form during the cooling and solidification process.
  • after solidification they can be shaped into any shape, including cutting, crushing, etc.
  • the bait according to the invention is prepared in such a way that the gelling agent and water are mixed, the insecticidal active ingredient, the bait material or, if necessary, other auxiliaries are added and the mixture is subsequently solidified by a change in pH.
  • the polymeric capsules are finally stirred into the gel.
  • Suitable gelling agents are any of a variety of hydrophilic substances used to form a gel by increasing the viscosity and yield strength of liquid mixtures.
  • the following may, for example, be mentioned as gelling agents according to the invention: starches, gellan gum, carrageenan gum, agar-agar, casein, gelatin, carob gum, anthan gum, jelutong gum, polysaccharide gums, phycokolloids, polyacrylate Polymer, semisynthetic cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyvinylates, bentonites, silicates and colloidal silica.
  • These gelling agents may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more agents in any proportion.
  • Preferred gelling agents are xanthan gums and polyacrylate polymers. Particularly preferred gelling agents are Rhodopol G and Carbopol EZ-2.
  • the baits according to the invention may also contain other auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, quenchers, dyes or antiseptics.
  • Stabilizers are, for example, a calcium salt such as calcium lactate, calcium chloride and the like.
  • Suitable quenching agents are, for example, sharp or bitter substances such as guinea pepper powder, denaturant benzoate and the like.
  • a particularly preferred quenching agent is denaturant benzoate.
  • Antiseptics are, for example, sorbic acid, sorbinates, benzoic acid, benzoate, paraoxybenzoic esters, methylisothiazolinones, benzisothiazolinones, chloromethylisothiazolinones and the like.
  • antiseptics are sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, methylisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone and chloromethylisothiazolinone.
  • the content of insecticidal active compounds is generally between 1 ⁇ IGT 5 and 10% by weight
  • the content of gelling agent generally between 0, 1 and 5 wt .-%, preferably between 0.5 to 2 wt. -%
  • the content of bait materials generally between 10 and 70 wt .-%
  • the content of polymeric capsules between 1 and 10 wt .-% and other excipients between 0.1 and 25 wt .-%.
  • the baits of the invention can be used to control various crawling insects by placing them in places where insect pests live or pass them.
  • insects that can be fought, are not only insects, such as the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), the Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis), the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) the brown cockroach (Supella longipalpa), but also flies, such as the house fly (Musca domestica) and ants, such as Turkeys (Tetramorium caespitum), Black-gray road ant (Lasius niger), Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharanois), Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), Black-headed ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum).
  • insects such as the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), the Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis), the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) the brown cockroach (Supella longipalpa), but also flies, such as the house fly (Musca domestica) and ants
  • the baits according to the invention are particularly preferred in the control of cockroaches, ie insects of the order Blattariae, in particular the family Blattellidae, preferably the species Blattella germanica or the family Blattidae, preferably the species Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, but also against other cockroach species but used against Blattella germanica.
  • cockroaches ie insects of the order Blattariae, in particular the family Blattellidae, preferably the species Blattella germanica or the family Blattidae, preferably the species Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, but also against other cockroach species but used against Blattella germanica.
  • Particularly preferred is the use of the bait according to the invention for controlling crawling insects, preferably from the order Blattariae, which are in the larval or nymphal stage.
  • the doses of insecticidal active substances in the baits according to the invention are generally between 1 ⁇ 10 -5 and 10% by weight.
  • bait compositions according to the invention also act against species such as, for example, pests of the order of the zygentomas, e.g. Lepisma saccharina;
  • Orthoptera eg Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., • Dermaptera, eg Forficula auricularia;
  • Ratio of larval stages to adults A factor ⁇ 1 means more larvae than adults.
  • the analysis of the trap contents shows that in the product according to the invention the ratio is reversed, i. more adults are caught than larvae.

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Abstract

The invention relates to the preparation of a novel gel bait for controlling harmful insects, in particular crawling insects. The invention also relates to the use of said type of bait, to methods for preparing said type of bait and to methods for controlling harmful insects.

Description

Gelköder zur Bekämpfung von kriechenden Schadinsekten  Gel baits for controlling crawling pest insects
Erfindungsgebiet THE iNVENTION field
Die Erfindung betrifft die Bereitstellung eines neuen Gelköders zum Bekämpfen schädlicher Insekten, insbesondere kriechender Insekten. Weiterhin bezieht sich die Erfindung auf die Anwendung solcher Köder, auf Methoden zur Vorbereitung solcher Köder und auf Methoden zum Bekämpfen schädlicher Insekten. The invention relates to the provision of a new gel bait for controlling harmful insects, especially crawling insects. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such baits, to methods for preparing such baits and to methods of controlling harmful insects.
Hintergrundwissen für die Erfindung Background knowledge for the invention
Es sind verschiedene Methoden zum Bekämpfen von Insekten bekannt. Darunter ist die Anwendung von Ködern laut dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Solche Köder werden angebracht, wo die erwachsene Insektenpopulation sich am wahrscheinlichsten aufhält. Köder können in der Form von Körnchen bereitgestellt werden. Jedoch können Körnchen nur auf eine waagerechte Konstruktion angebracht werden, man kann sie nicht auf senkrechte Konstruktionen anbringen. Man kann die Köder auch als flüssige Formulierungen bereitstellen, die auch als„Anstrich- Formulierungen" bezeichnet werden. Solche Flüssigkeiten werden dem Verbraucher als ein Konzentrat geliefert. Der Verbraucher muss eine Verdünnung, gefolgt vom Sprayen/ Bestreichen für die eigentliche Verwendung vorbereiten. Various methods of controlling insects are known. Among them, the use of bait according to the prior art is known. Such baits are placed where the adult insect population is most likely to reside. Baits can be provided in the form of granules. However, granules can only be applied to a horizontal construction, they can not be mounted on vertical structures. It is also possible to provide the baits as liquid formulations, also referred to as "paint formulations." Such liquids are supplied to the consumer as a concentrate, and the consumer must prepare a dilution followed by spraying / painting for actual use.
WO 97/11602 beschreibt Köder zur Insektenbekämpfung, wobei diese Köder aus einem mit Hilfe von Hydratation gelierbaren Ausgangsstoff und aus einem aktiven Bestandteil bestehen, der aus einer Gruppe von 1-Arylpyrazolen ausgewählt wird. Weiterhin beschreibt WO 91/07972 Köder zur Insektenbekämpfung, die aus Karrageen als Geliermittel und aus spezifischen Insektiziden bestehen. WO 97/11602 describes baits for controlling insects, which baits consist of a hydrolyzable starting material and an active ingredient selected from a group of 1-arylpyrazoles. Furthermore, WO 91/07972 describes insect control baits consisting of carrageenan as gelling agent and of specific insecticides.
Zur Bekämpfung von kriechenden Insekten wie Ameisen oder Schaben werden schon seit einigen Jahren Gele als Köder eingesetzt, die punktförmig ausgebracht werden. To combat crawling insects such as ants or cockroaches gels have been used as bait for some years, which are applied in a punctiform manner.
Die üblicherweise eingesetzten Köder verlieren im Laufe der Lagerung ihre Attraktivität für die entsprechend zu bekämpfenden Schadinsekten aufgrund von Verlust an Feuchtigkeit oder Aromastoffen. Viele zugesetzte Aromastoffe verändern zudem ihren Geruch über längere Zeit der Lagerung des Produktes. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Köder des Standes der Technik besteht darin, dass durch Zusatz von Aromastoffen wie Orangen- oder Bananenaroma der Köder auch für andere Lebewesen wie Hunde, Katzen oder Kinder attraktiv erscheint. Durch aufwendige und dementsprechend teure Verpackungen oder Köderboxen kann beispielsweise der Zugang zu dem Giftköder verhindert werden. The baits commonly used in the course of storage lose their attractiveness for the corresponding insect pests due to loss of moisture or flavorings. In addition, many added flavorings change their smell over a longer period of storage of the product. Another disadvantage of the baits of the prior art is that by adding flavorings such as orange or banana flavor the bait also appears attractive to other animals such as dogs, cats or children. Through elaborate and accordingly expensive packaging or bait boxes, for example, access to the poison bait can be prevented.
Ein Konzept zur Einarbeitung empfindlicher, chemisch oder physikalisch inkompatibler sowie flüchtiger Inhaltsstoffe besteht im Einsatz von Kapseln, in denen diese Inhaltsstoffe eingeschlossen sind. Bei Kapseln werden zwei Typen unterschieden. Einerseits gibt es Kapseln mit Kern-Hülle- Struktur, bei denen der Inhaltsstoff von einer Wand oder Barriere umgeben ist. Andererseits gibt es Kapseln, bei denen der Inhaltsstoff in einer Matrix aus einem matrixbildenden Material verteilt ist. Solche Kapseln werden auch als„Speckies" bezeichnet und werden in flüssigen oder gelförmigen Waschmitteln eingesetzt. Beispielsweise wird in der US 6,855,681 eine Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung offenbart, die einen matrixverkapselten, aktiven Inhaltsstoff umfasst. Die Matrix der Kapseln enthält ein hydratisiertes anionisches Gum und der verkapselte aktive Inhaltsstoff ist vorzugsweise ein Duftstoff. Mikrokapseln werden ebenfalls in der DE-A 43 09 756 beschrieben. Diese weisen ein Kernmaterial auf, das mit einem undurchlässigen Mantel aus mit Glutaraldehyd vernetzter Gelatine beschichtet ist. Die Mikrokapseln weisen eine kontrollierte Wirkstofffreisetzung auf. One approach to incorporating sensitive, chemically or physically incompatible and volatile ingredients is to use capsules that contain these ingredients. For capsules, two types are distinguished. On the one hand, there are capsules with a core-shell structure in which the ingredient is surrounded by a wall or barrier. On the other hand, there are capsules in which the ingredient is distributed in a matrix of a matrix-forming material. Such capsules are also referred to as "speckies" and are used in liquid or gel detergents For example, US 6,855,681 discloses a detergent composition comprising a matrix encapsulated active ingredient The matrix of capsules contains a hydrated anionic gum and the encapsulated active ingredient Microcapsules are also described in DE-A 43 09 756. These comprise a core material which is coated with an impermeable coat of glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin The microcapsules have a controlled release of active ingredient.
In der WO 01/30144 werden Mikrokugeln offenbart, die einen hydrophilen Matrixkern und eine angrenzende zweite, ionisch komplexierte Schicht aufweisen. Alginate werden als mögliche Matrixmaterialien genannt. In der Kernmatrix können aktive Wirksubstanzen enthalten sein. Die Mikrokugeln werden in Form einer Suspension zu wässrigen oder lösungsmittel-basierten Lösungen gegeben. WO 01/30144 discloses microspheres which have a hydrophilic matrix core and an adjacent second, ionically complexed layer. Alginates are mentioned as possible matrix materials. The active substance may be contained in the core matrix. The microspheres are added in the form of a suspension to aqueous or solvent-based solutions.
Die WO 00/32043 beschreibt wasserunlösliche polymere Kugeln, die eine polymere Matrix mit einer Vielzahl von Tropfen einer flüchtigen hydrophoben Verbindung aufweisen. Die Verbindungen sind vorzugsweise Pheromone. Als polymere Matrix werden Alginate offenbart. Die dort offenbarten Kugeln verfügen ebenfalls über eine kontrollierte Wirkstofffreisetzung. Zusammenfassend besteht immer noch das Problem, einen lagerstabilen Köder bereit zu stellen, welcher attraktiv für das entsprechend zu bekämpfende Schadinsekt, insbesondere kriechende Schadinsekten ist, aber ohne aufwendige Verpackung ausgebracht werden kann und ebenfalls auf senkrechte Konstruktionen und/oder weit oben angebracht werden kann. Darüber hinaus besteht weiterhin das Problem die Köder des Standes der Technik bei der Anwendung gegen Larven oder Nymphen keine optimale Wirkung zeigen. WO 00/32043 describes water-insoluble polymeric spheres comprising a polymeric matrix having a plurality of drops of a volatile hydrophobic compound. The compounds are preferably pheromones. Alginates are disclosed as the polymeric matrix. The balls disclosed there also have a controlled release of active ingredient. In summary, there is still the problem to provide a storage-stable bait, which is attractive for the corresponding harmful insect to be controlled, especially crawling noxious insects, but can be applied without elaborate packaging and can also be mounted on vertical structures and / or far above. In addition, there is still the problem that the baits of the prior art when applied against larvae or nymphs show no optimal effect.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung bestand daher darin, verbesserte Köder sowie Köderformulierungen zum Bekämpfen von kriechenden Insekten, insbesondere von Schaben, bereitzustellen, die eine schnelle Wirkung zeigen und auch nach Lagerung und Transport zum Zeitpunkt der Anwendung optimal ihre Wirkung entfalten. Dies bedingt, dass sich die Inhaltsstoffe des Köders zuvor weder zersetzten oder verflüchtigt haben. Außerdem bestand die Aufgabe darin, einen Köder ohne aufwendige und damit kostenintensive Verpackung bereitzustellen und der auf nicht Ziel-Lebewesen keine Attraktion ausübt. Ebenfalls sollte der Köder auch eine besonders gute Wirkung gegen Larven oder Nymphen zeigen. It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved baits and bait formulations for controlling crawling insects, in particular cockroaches, to provide a rapid effect and even after storage and transport at the time of application optimal effect. This requires that the ingredients of the bait have previously neither decomposed or volatilized. In addition, the object was to provide a bait without consuming and therefore costly packaging and does not attract attention to non-target living things. Also, the bait should also show a particularly good effect against larvae or nymphs.
Zusammenfassung der Erfindung Summary of the invention
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass Köder, die neben einem Insektiziden Wirkstoff auch Kapseln, welche nach dem Vertropfungsverfahren hergestellt werden und die ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien in einer polymeren Matrix enthalten, aufweisen, die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe lösen. It has now been found that baits which, in addition to an insecticidal active substance, also have capsules which are prepared by the dropping method and which contain one or more feeding stimulants in a polymeric matrix, achieve the object according to the invention.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit ein Köder, enthaltend ein oder mehrere Insektizide Wirkstoffe, ein Ködermaterial in Form eines Gels sowie wasserunlösliche, polymere Kapseln mit einem Durchmesser von 0, 1 bis 5 mm, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 2 mm, besonders bevorzugt 0,8 bis 1,5 mm, welche eine Polymermatrix aufweisen, die Tröpfchen eines oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien enthält. The present invention thus relates to a bait comprising one or more insecticidal active substances, a bait material in the form of a gel, and water-insoluble, polymeric capsules having a diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0, 8 to 1.5 mm, which have a polymer matrix containing droplets of one or more feeding stimulants.
Beschreibung von spezifischen Darstellungen Description of specific representations
Wenn nicht anders erklärt, sollen folgende Definitionen gelten und die Prozentangaben sind Gewichtsprozente .  Unless otherwise stated, the following definitions apply and percentages are by weight.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder enthalten mindestens einen Insektiziden Wirkstoff. Geeignete Insektizide Wirkstoffe sind beispielsweise: The baits according to the invention contain at least one insecticidal active ingredient. Suitable insecticidal active substances are, for example:
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitoren, wie beispielsweise (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, such as
Carbamate, z.B. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thio- fanox, Triazamate, Trimethacarb, XMC und Xylylcarb; oder Carbamates, e.g. Alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or
Organophosphate, z.B . Acephate, Azamethiphos, Azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), Cadusafos, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos (-methyl), Coumaphos, Cyanophos, Demeton-S-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylat, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion (-methyl), Phenthoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phoxim, Pirimiphos (-methyl), Profenofos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Quinalphos, Sulfotep, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon und Vamidothion. Organophosphates, eg. Acephates, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), cadusafos, chloroethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl), coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinone, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoates, dimethylvinphos, disulphoton , EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O- (methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathione, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathione, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion (-methyl), Phenthoate, Phorates, Phosalones, Phosmet, Phosphamidone, Phoxim, Pirimiphos (-methyl), Profenofos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Quinalphos, Sulfotep, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon and Vamidothion.
(2) GABA-gesteuerte Chlorid-Kanal-Antagonisten, wie beispielsweise Organochlorine, z.B. Chlordane und Endosulfan (alpha-); oder (2) GABA-controlled chloride channel antagonists such as organochlorines, e.g. Chlordane and endosulfan (alpha); or
Fiprole (Phenylpyrazole), z.B. Ethiprole, Fipronil, Pyrafluprole und Pyriprole. Fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), e.g. Ethiprole, Fipronil, Pyrafluprole and Pyriprole.
(3) Natrium-Kanal-Modulatoren/ Spannungsabhängige Natrium-Kanal-Blocker, wie beispielsweise Pyrethroide, z.B. Acrinathrin, Allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin- S-cyclopentenyl, Bioresmethrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin (beta-), Cyhalothrin (gamma-, lambda-), Cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), Cyphenothrin [(\R)-trans -Isomere], Deltamethrin, Dimefluthrin, Empenthrin [(EZ)-( li?)-Isomere] , Esfenvalerate , Etofenprox, Fenpropathrin, Fenvalerate, Flucythrinate, Flumethrin, Fluvalinate (tau-), Halfenprox, Imiprothrin, Metofluthrin, Permethrin, Phenothrin [(li?)-trans-Isomere], Prallethrin, Profluthrin, Pyrethrine (pyrethrum), Res- methrin, RU 15525 , Silafluofen, Tefluthrin, Tetramethrin [( Ii?)- Isomere], Tralomethrin, Transfluthrin und ZXI 8901 ; oder DDT; oder Methoxychlor. (3) sodium channel modulators / voltage dependent sodium channel blockers such as pyrethroids, e.g. Acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis -trans, d-trans), bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (beta), cyhalothrin (gamma, lambda), cypermethrin (alpha, beta , theta, zeta), cyphenothrin [(R) trans isomers], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ) (li) isomers], esfenvalerates, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerates, flucythrinates, flumethrin , Fluvalinate (tau-), Halfenprox, Imiprothrin, Metofluthrin, Permethrin, Phenothrin [(li?) - trans isomers], Prallethrin, Profluthrin, Pyrethrin (pyrethrum), Resmethrin, RU 15525, Silafluofen, Tefluthrin, Tetramethrin [( Ii?) - isomers], tralomethrin, transfluthrin and ZXI 8901; or DDT; or methoxychlor.
(4) Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Agonisten, wie beispielsweise (4) nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists, such as
Neonikotinoide, z.B. Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam; oder Nikotin. Neonicotinoids, e.g. Acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; or nicotine.
(5) Allosterische Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Modulatoren (Agonisten), wie beispielsweise Spinosyne, z.B. Spinetoram und Spinosad. (5) Allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists), such as spinosyns, e.g. Spinetoram and spinosad.
(6) Chlorid-Kanal-Aktivatoren, wie beispielsweise (6) chloride channel activators, such as
Avermectine/Milbemycine, z.B. Abamectin, Emamectin-benzoate, Lepimectin und Milbemectin. (7) Juvenilhormon-Analoge, z.B. Hydroprene, Kinoprene, Methoprene; oder Fenoxycarb; Pyri- proxyfen. Avermectins / milbemycins, e.g. Abamectin, Emamectin benzoate, Lepimectin and Milbemectin. (7) Juvenile hormone analogs, e.g. Hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; or fenoxycarb; Pyritexyfen.
(8) Wirkstoffe mit unbekannten oder nicht spezifischen Wirkmechanismen, wie beispielsweise Begasungsmittel, z.B. Methylbromid und andere Alkylhalogenide; oder Chloropicrin; Sulfurylfluorid; Borax; Brechweinstein. (8) agents with unknown or non-specific mechanisms of action, such as Fumigants, eg, methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrin; sulfuryl fluoride; Borax; Tartar emetic.
(11) Mikrobielle Disruptoren der Insektendarmmembran, wie beispielsweise Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies tenebrionis, und BT-Pflanzen- Proteine, z.B. CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34/35Abl . (11) Microbial disruptors of insect intestinal membrane, such as Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT plant proteins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Abl.
( 12) Inhibitoren der oxidativen Phosphorylierung, ATP-Disruptoren, wie beispielsweise Diafenthiuron; oder (12) inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP disruptors such as diafenthiuron; or
Organozinnverbindungen, z.B. Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide; oder Propargite; Tetradifon. Organotin compounds, e.g. Azocyclotine, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide; or propargite; Tetradifon.
(13) Entkoppler der oxidativen Phosphorylierung durch Unterbrechung des H-Protongradienten, wie beispielsweise Chlorfenapyr und DNOC. (13) Decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by interruption of the H proton gradient, such as chlorfenapyr and DNOC.
(14) Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor- Antagonisten, wie beispielsweise Bensultap, Cartap (- Hydrochlorid), Thiocylam, und Thiosultap (-sodium). ( 15) Inhibitoren der Chitinbiosynthese, Typ 0, wie beispielsweise Benzoylharnstoffe, z.B. Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Teflubenzuron und Triflumuron. (14) Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor antagonists, such as Bensultap, Cartap (hydrochloride), thiocylam, and thiosultap (-sodium). (15) inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, such as benzoylureas, e.g. Bistrifluron, chlorofluorazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
(16) Inhibitoren der Chitinbiosynthese, Typ 1, wie beispielsweise Buprofezin. (16) inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, such as buprofezin.
(17) Häutungsstörende Wirkstoffe, wie beispielsweise Cyromazine. (18) Ecdysonagonisten/-disruptoren, wie beispielsweise (17) Moulting agents, such as Cyromazine. (18) ecdysone agonists / disruptors such as
Diacylhydrazine, z.B. Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide und Tebufenozide. (19) Oktopaminerge Agonisten, wie beispielsweise Amitraz. Diacylhydrazines, e.g. Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide and Tebufenozide. (19) Octopaminergic agonists, such as amitraz.
( 2 0 ) Komplex-III-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielsweise Hydramethylnon; Acequinocyl; Fluacrypyrim. (21) Komplex-I-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, beispielsweise aus der Gruppe der METI- Akarizide, z.B. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad; oder Rotenone (Derris). (2 0) complex III electron transport inhibitors such as hydramethylnone; acequinocyl; Fluacrypyrim. (21) complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example from the group of METI acaricides, eg fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; or Rotenone (Derris).
(22) Spannungsabhängige Natriumkanal-Blocker, z.B. Indoxacarb; Metaflumizone. (23) Inhibitoren der Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase, wie beispielsweise Tetronsäure-Derivate, z.B. Spirodiclofen und Spiromesifen; oder Tetramsäure-Derivate, z.B. Spirotetramat. (22) voltage dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. indoxacarb; Metaflumizone. (23) inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, such as tetronic acid derivatives, e.g. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; or tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. Spirotetramat.
(24) Komplex-IV-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielswe ise Pho sphine , z . B . Aluminiumphosphid, Kalziumphosphid, Phosphin, Zinkphosphid; oder Cyanid. (24) complex IV electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, phosphines, e.g. B. Aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide; or cyanide.
(25) Komplex-II-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielsweise Cyenopyrafen. (28) Ryanodinrezeptor-Effektoren, wie beispielsweise Diamide, z.B . Chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) und Flubendiamide. (25) Complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as cyenopyrafen. (28) ryanodine receptor effectors, such as diamides, e.g. Chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) and Flubendiamide.
Weitere Wirkstoffe mit unbekanntem Wirkmechanismus, wie beispielsweise Azadirachtin, Amidoflumet, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Chinomethionat, Cryolite, Cyflumetofen, Dicofol, Flu- fenerim, Pyridalyl und Pyrifluquinazon; oder folgende bekannte wirksame Verbindungen 4-{[(6-Brompyrid-3-yl)memyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-o n ( be k a n n t a u s W O 2007/1 15644), 4-{[(6-Fluoφyrid-3-yl)me1hyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/1 15644), 4-{[(2-Chlor-l,3 hiazol-5-yl)me1hyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/1 15644), 4-{[(6-Chloφyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)- o n ( b e k a n n t a u s W O 2 0 0 7 / 1 1 5 6 4 4 ) , 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyi](2,2- difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-Chlor-5-fh^yrid-3- yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/1 15643), 4-{[(5,6-Dichk^yrid- 3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/115646), 4-{[(6-Chlor-5- fluoφyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus WO 2007/1 15643), 4- {[(6-Chloφyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus EP-A-0 539 588), 4-{[(6-Chloφyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt aus EP-A-0 539 588), [(6- Chloφyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt aus WO 2007/149134), [l-(6-Chloφyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sul fanyli dencyanam id (b ekannt au s WO 2007/149134) und seine Diastereomere (A) und (B) Other drugs with unknown mechanism of action, such as azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate, quinomethionate, cryolites, cyflumetofen, dicofol, fluenerim, pyridalyl and pyrifluquinazone; or the following known effective compounds 4 - {[(6-bromopyrid-3-yl) memyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (be known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4 - {[( 6-Fluoφyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4 - {[(2-chloro-1,3-hiazole -5-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2- fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known from WO 2 0 0 7/1 1 5 6 4 4), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4 - {[(6-chloro-5-fluoro-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) amino} furan-2 (5H ) -one (known from WO 2007/1 15643), 4 - {[(5,6-dichloro-3-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known from WO 2007/115646), 4 - {[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (cyclopropyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known from WO 2007/1 15643), 4 {[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (cyclopropyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known from EP-A-0 539 588), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl ) methyl] (methyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -o n (known from EP-A-0 539 588), [(6-chloropyridin-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known from WO 2007/149134), [1- (6-chloropyridine 3-yl) ethyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecycanamide id (b known from WO 2007/149134) and its diastereomers (A) and (B)
(A) (B) (A) (B)
(ebenfalls bekannt aus WO 2007/149134), [(6-Trifluormethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido- 4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt aus WO 2007/095229), Sulfoxaflor (also known from WO 2007/149134), [(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) oxido-4-sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known from WO 2007/095229), sulfoxaflor
(ebenfalls bekannt aus WO 2007/149134), l l-(4-Chlor-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-l,4- dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-l l-en-10-on (bekannt aus WO 2006/089633), 3-(4'-Fluor-2,4- dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-l-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-o n ( b e k a n n t a u s WO 2 0 0 8 / 0 6 7 9 1 1 ) u n d l-{2,4-Dimethyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol (bekannt aus WO 1999/55668). (also known from WO 2007/149134), 1- (4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl) -12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro [4.2.4.2] tetradec-1-ene 10-on (known from WO 2006/089633), 3- (4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl) -4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro [4.5] dec-3-ene 2-one (known from WO 2 0 0 8/0 6 7 9 1 1) and 1- {2,4-dimethyl-5 - [(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) sulfinyl] phenyl} -3- (trifluoromethyl ) -LH-l, 2,4-triazole (known from WO 1999/55668).
Bevorzugt ist der Insektizide Wirkstoff ausgewählt aus der Gruppe enthaltend Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Agonisten, Fiprole, Allosterische Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Modulatoren, Spannungsabhängige Natriumkanal-Blocker und Chlorid-Kanal-Aktivatoren Preferably, the insecticidal active ingredient is selected from the group comprising nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists, fiproles, allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators, voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, and chloride channel activators
Besonders bevorzugt ist Imidacloprid, Clothianidin, Fipronil, Spinosad, Indoxacarb und Abamectin. Particularly preferred is imidacloprid, clothianidin, fipronil, spinosad, indoxacarb and abamectin.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist Imidacloprid. In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der erfindungsgemäße Köder Fipronil. Ebenfalls besonders bevorzugt enthält der erfindungsgemäße Köder Clothianidin. Very particular preference is imidacloprid. In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the bait according to the invention contains fipronil. Likewise particularly preferably, the bait according to the invention contains clothianidin.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder enthalten Fraßstoffe, Fraßstimulantien und gegebenenfalls Lockstoffe. Als Fraßstoffe werden Inhaltsstoffe bezeichnet, die der Nahrungsaufnahme der Insekten dienen. Als Fraßstimulantien werden alle Inhaltstoffe bezeichnet welche bei Insekten einen Fraßvorgang verstärken oder verlängern. Als Lockstoffe werden alle Stoffe bezeichnet, welche Insekten über Distanz anlocken können. Es können Gemische aller drei Inhaltstoffe eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt werden jedoch ausschließlich Fraßstoffe und Fraßstimulantien eingesetzt. The baits according to the invention contain feedstuffs, feeding stimulants and optionally attractants. Feeds are ingredients that are used to feed insects. Feeding stimulants are all ingredients which in insects reinforce or prolong a feeding process. As attractants, all substances are referred to, which can attract insects over distance. Mixtures of all three ingredients can be used. Preferably, however, only feeds and feed stimulants are used.
Beispiele für geeignete in Ködern eingesetzte Lebensmittel-Fraßstoffe sind Wasser, Getreidepulver, wie etwa Weizenpulver, Maispulver, Reispulver, Reiskleie und ähnliche, Stärken wie etwa Kartoffelstärke, Maisstärke und dergleichen, Zuckerarten wie etwa Saccharose, Malzzucker, Arabinose, Galactose, Milchzucker, Sorbitose, Traubenzucker, Fruchtzucker, Sorbitol, Maissirup, Ahornsirup, Melasse, Coca-Cola-Sirup, Invertzuckerarten (Invertix), Mollassen, Honig und dergleichen, sowie Glyzerin und dergleichen. Eiweiße wie etwa Fleisch, Fleischextrakte, und Milchpulver, Fischmehl, Fischextrakte oder, Meeresfrüchte, Meeresfrüchteextrake, Insekten, Insektenextrakte oder, Hefe, Hefeextrakt und dergleichen. Ebenfalls als Ködermaterialien geeignet sind Fette und Öle, wie etwa Pflanzenöle z.B. aus Mais, Oliven, Kümmel, Erdnüssen, Sesamöl, Sojabohnen, Sonnenblumen, tierische Fette und Öle, sowie aus Fischen gewonnene Öle und dergleichen. Diese Ködermaterialien können allein oder als Mischung von einem oder mehreren Stoffen in jedem Verhältnis verwendet werden. Besonders bevorzugt sind solche Fraßstoffe wie z.B. Wasser, einfache oder komplexe Zucker, Fleischextrakte, tierische Fette und Öle. Examples of suitable food feedstocks used in baits are water, cereal powders such as wheat powder, corn powder, rice powder, rice bran and the like, starches such as potato starch, corn starch and the like, sugars such as sucrose, Maltose, arabinose, galactose, lactose, sorbitose, dextrose, fructose, sorbitol, corn syrup, maple syrup, molasses, coca-cola syrup, inverted invertebrates, mollasses, honey and the like, as well as glycerine and the like. Egg whites such as meat, meat extracts, and milk powder, fish meal, fish extracts or, seafood, seafood extract, insects, insect extracts or, yeast, yeast extract and the like. Also suitable as bait materials are fats and oils such as vegetable oils such as corn, olives, cumin, peanuts, sesame oil, soybeans, sunflower, animal fats and oils, as well as fish derived oils and the like. These bait materials may be used alone or as a mixture of one or more materials in any proportion. Particularly preferred are such feed substances such as water, simple or complex sugars, meat extracts, animal fats and oils.
Beispiele für geeignete in Ködern eingesetzte Fraßstimulantien sind beispielsweise Extrakte aus Fleisch, Fisch oder Insekten. Zur Fraßstimulierung eignen sich ebenfalls bestimmte natürliche oder synthetische Aromastoffe wie z.B. Fleischaromen, Fischaromen Meeresfrüchtearomen, Zwiebelaroma, Milcharoma, Butteraroma, Käsearomen, Frucht-Aromen wie z.B. Apfel, Aprikose, Banane, Brombeere, Kirsche, Korinthe, Stachelbeere, Pampelmuse, Himbeere oder Erdbeere (rein, Sirup oder Extrakt). Besonders bevorzugte Fraßstimulantien sind z.B Extrakte aus Fleisch, Fisch oder Insekten sowie Frucht-Aromen. Ein ganz besonders geeigneter Frucht-Aromastoff ist Bananenaroma. Examples of suitable feeding stimulants used in baits are, for example, extracts of meat, fish or insects. Also suitable for feeding stimulation are certain natural or synthetic flavoring agents, e.g. Meat flavors, fish flavors, seafood flavors, onion flavors, milk flavor, butter flavor, cheese flavors, fruit flavors, e.g. Apple, apricot, banana, blackberry, cherry, currant, gooseberry, grapefruit, raspberry or strawberry (pure, syrup or extract). Particularly preferred feeding stimulants are, for example, extracts of meat, fish or insects and fruit flavors. A particularly suitable fruit flavoring is banana flavor.
Pheromone haben in Ködern gegen kriechende Insekten, insbesondere Schaben, bisher keine kommerzielle Anwendung gefunden. Der Vollständigkeit halber seien folgende Beispiele für in Insektenködergele einsetzbare Lockstoffe genannt: Aggregationspheromone der Deutschen Schabe (Kotextrakte, Carbonsäuren, Blattellastanosid A und B, Dimethylamino (1-) 2-methyl-2-propanol, Dimethylamin und sein Hydrochlorid), Sexualpheromone der Deutschen Schabe (Dimethyl (3, 1 1-)- 2-nonacosanon, Hydroxy (29-)-3, l l-dimethyl-2-nonacosanon, Oxo (29-)3, l l-dimethyl-2- nonacosanon, 3, l l-Dimethyl-2-Heptacosanon, Gentisyl chinon isovalerat = Blattellachinon), Sexualpheromone der Amerikanischen Schabe (Germacratrien = Periplanon A, Germacradien = Periplanon B und deren Derivate) sowie Mimics (z.B. (+)-Bornylacetat, Fenchylacetat, Germacren D, Ve rbe nyl acetat, Ve rb enylp rop i onat) , S exualphe romone de r B raunb and schabe (Dimethylheptanyl 5-(2 4') 3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-on = Supellapyron, Methyl (3-),5(2,4- dimethylheptanyl) alpha pyron). In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Köders enthält das Ködermaterial ein oder mehrere Köderfraßstoffe und gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien. Pheromones have been found in baits against crawling insects, especially cockroaches, so far no commercial application. For the sake of completeness, the following examples of attractants usable in insect bait gels are mentioned: German cockroach aggregation pheromones (Kotextrakte, carboxylic acids, Blattellastanosid A and B, dimethylamino (1-) 2-methyl-2-propanol, dimethylamine and its hydrochloride), sex pheromones of the German cockroach (Dimethyl (3, 1 l -) - 2-nonacosanone, hydroxy (29 -) - 3, l l -dimethyl-2-nonacosanone, oxo (29-) 3, l l -dimethyl-2-nonacosanone, 3, l l-dimethyl-2-heptacosanone, gentisylquinone isovalerate = Blattellachinon), sex pheromones of the American cockroach (Germacratrien = Periplanon A, Germacradien = periplanone B and their derivatives) and mimics (eg (+) - bornyl acetate, fenchyl acetate, Germacren D, Be nylacetate, verbenephenylpiperopate), romonic acid of the rat and cockroach (dimethylheptanyl 5- (2 4 ') 3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one = supellapyron, methyl (3 -), 5 (2,4-dimethylheptanyl) alpha pyrone). In a preferred embodiment of the bait according to the invention, the bait material contains one or more bait substances and optionally one or more feeding stimulants.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Köders enthält das Ködermaterial mindestens ein Köderfraßstoff und mindestens eine Fraßstimulanz. Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern enthaltenen Kapseln weisen bevorzugt neben der polymeren Matrix noch Fraßstimulantien und gegebenenfalls Lockstoffe oder Farbstoffe auf, die in dieser Matrix eingelagert sind. Besonders bevorzugt enthalten die in den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern enthaltenen Kapseln neben der polymeren Matrix noch ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien und Farbstoff. In an alternative embodiment of the bait according to the invention, the bait material contains at least one bait substance and at least one feeding stimulant. The capsules contained in the baits according to the invention preferably contain, in addition to the polymeric matrix, feeding stimulants and optionally attractants or dyes incorporated in this matrix. Particularly preferably, the capsules contained in the baits according to the invention contain, in addition to the polymeric matrix, one or more feeding stimulants and dye.
Zur Herstellung der in den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern enthaltenden Kapseln wird das Vertropfungsverfahren angewendet. Die monodispersen sphärischen Kapseln werden durch Vertropfen einer wässrigen Mischung enthaltend Fraßstimulantien und wasserlösliches vernetzbares Polymer sowie gegebenenfalls Farbstoff und anschließenden Vernetzen des Polymers erhalten. To produce the capsules containing the baits according to the invention, the dropping method is used. The monodisperse spherical capsules are obtained by dripping an aqueous mixture containing edible stimulants and water-soluble crosslinkable polymer and optionally dye and then crosslinking the polymer.
Die Menge an vernetzbarem Polymer in der wässrigen Matrix-Lösung beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 0,01 Gew.-% und 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0, 1 Gew.-% und 3 Gew.-% und insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 Gew.-% und 2 Gew.-%. The amount of crosslinkable polymer in the aqueous matrix solution is preferably between 0.01% by weight and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.1% by weight and 3% by weight and most preferably between 0, 5% by weight and 2% by weight.
Die Menge an eingesetzten Fraßstimulantien in der wässrigen Matrix-Lösung beträgt zwischen 0,01 und 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,05 und 10 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,l und 5 Gew.-%. The amount of feed stimulants used in the aqueous matrix solution is between 0.01 and 50 wt .-%, preferably between 0.05 and 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably between 0, l and 5 wt .-%.
Die Menge an eingesetzten Farbstoff in der wässrigen Matrix-Lösung beträgt zwischen 0,001 und 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,05 und 1 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,08 und 0, 1 Gew.-%. Das vernetzbare Polymer ist wasserlöslich, so dass man daraus die wässrigen Lösungen mit mindestens den genannten Konzentrationsobergrenzen herstellen kann. Bevorzugt handelt es sich um ein ionotrop vernetzbares Polymer. Letzteres wird insbesondere ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend Carrageenan, Alginat und Gellan Gum sowie deren Mischungen und besonders bevorzugt wird Natriumalginat als Matrix-bildendes vernetzbares Polymer eingesetzt. Durch das Vertropfungsverfahren kann in einfacher Weise gewährleistet werden, dass das Teilchen sphärisch, das heißt weitestgehend rund ist, insbesondere dass sein Durchmesser in allen anderen räumlichen Ausdehnungen nicht mehr als 15%, bevorzugt nicht mehr als 10% und besonders bevorzugt nicht mehr als 5% kleiner ist als sein Durchmesser entlang der größten räumlichen Ausdehnung. The amount of dye used in the aqueous matrix solution is between 0.001 and 5 wt .-%, preferably between 0.05 and 1 wt .-% and particularly preferably between 0.08 and 0.1 wt .-%. The crosslinkable polymer is water-soluble, so that it can be used to prepare the aqueous solutions having at least the stated upper concentration limits. It is preferably an ionotropic crosslinkable polymer. The latter is in particular selected from the group comprising carrageenan, alginate and gellan gum and mixtures thereof, and sodium alginate is particularly preferably used as the matrix-forming crosslinkable polymer. By the dropping method can be ensured in a simple manner that the particle is spherical, that is largely round, in particular that its diameter in all other spatial dimensions not more than 15%, preferably not more than 10% and particularly preferably not more than 5% smaller than its diameter along the largest spatial extent.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass das die Matrix ausbildende vernetzbare Polymer aus einem Material aus der Gruppe umfassend Carrageenan, Alginat und Gellan Gum sowie deren Mischungen ausgewählt ist, besonders bevorzugt ist Na-Alginat. It is preferred that the crosslinkable polymer forming the matrix is selected from a material selected from the group consisting of carrageenan, alginate and gellan gum and mixtures thereof, particularly preferred is sodium alginate.
Alginat ist ein natürlich vorkommendes Salz der Alginsäure und kommt in Braunalgen (Phaeophycea) als Zellwandbestandteil vor. Alginate sind saure, Carboxy-Gruppen enthaltende Polysaccharide mit einem relativen Molekulargewicht MR von ca. 200.000, bestehend aus D- Mannuronsäure und L-Guluronsäure in unterschiedlichen Verhältnissen, welche mit 1,4- glykosidischen Bindungen verknüpft sind. Die Natrium-, Kalium-, Ammonium- und Magnesiumalginate sind wasserlöslich. Die Viskosität von Alginat-Lösungen hängt unter anderem von der Molmasse und vom Gegenion ab. Calciumalginate bilden zum Beispiel bei bestimmten Mengenverhältnissen thermoirreversible Gele. Natriumalginate ergeben sehr viskose Lösungen mit Wasser und können durch Wechselwirkung mit di- oder trivalenten Metallionen wie Ca2+ vernetzt werden. Inhaltsstoffe, die auch in der wässrigen Natriumalginatlösung enthalten sind, werden so in einer Alginatmatrix eingeschlossen. Bevorzugt wird eine CaCl2-Lösung zur Vernetzung eingesetzt. Carrageenan ist ein Extrakt aus den zu den Florideen zählenden Rotalgen (Chondrus crispus u. Gigartina stellata). In Gegenwart von K+-Ionen oder Ca2+-Ionen vernetzt Carrageenan. Alginate is a naturally occurring salt of alginic acid and occurs in brown algae (Phaeophycea) as a cell wall component. Alginates are acidic, carboxy group-containing polysaccharides with a relative molecular weight MR of about 200,000, consisting of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid in different ratios, which are linked to 1,4-glycosidic bonds. The sodium, potassium, ammonium and magnesium alginates are water-soluble. The viscosity of alginate solutions depends inter alia on the molecular weight and on the counterion. For example, calcium alginates form thermo-reversible gels at certain proportions. Sodium alginates give very viscous solutions with water and can be cross-linked by interaction with di- or trivalent metal ions such as Ca 2+. Ingredients, which are also contained in the aqueous sodium alginate solution, are thus enclosed in an alginate matrix. Preferably, a CaCl 2 solution is used for crosslinking. Carrageenan is an extract of the red algae (Chondrus crispus and Gigartina stellata) that belongs to the Floridae. In the presence of K + ions or Ca 2+ ions, carrageenan crosslinks.
Gellan Gum ist ein unverzweigtes anionionisches mikrobielles Heteroexopolysaccharid mit einer tetrasaccharidischen Grundeinheit, bestehend aus den Monomeren Glucose, Glucuronsäure und Rhamnose, wobei etwa jede Grundeinheit mit einem L-Glycerat und jede zweite Grundeinheit mit einem Acetat verestert ist. Gellan Gum vernetzt in Gegenwart von K+-Ionen, Nationen, Ca2+- Ionen oder Mg2+-Ionen. Von den genannten Materialien für die Matrix ist Alginat bevorzugt. Gellan gum is an unbranched anionic microbial heteroexopolysaccharide having a tetrasaccharide repeat unit consisting of the monomers glucose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose, wherein approximately each repeat unit is esterified with an L-glycerate and every other repeat unit is esterified with an acetate. Gellan gum cross-links in the presence of K + ions, nations, Ca 2+ ions or Mg 2+ ions. Of the materials mentioned for the matrix, alginate is preferred.
Diese Materialien können besonders gut mit Kationen zu vernetzten unlöslichen Gelen vernetzt werden. Durch Eintropfen von Lösungen dieser Materialien in Kationen-haltige Lösungen können auf einfache Weise im Wesentlichen kugelförmige Kapseln hergestellt werden, welche in ihrem Inneren noch die Lösungsbestandteile enthalten. Wenn die Lösung der Vernetzungsmaterialien noch weitere Bestandteile aufweist, im vorliegenden Fall darin Lockstoffe, sind diese nach dem Vernetzen vom Kapselmaterial umgeben und dadurch geschützt. Durch Trocknen kann das Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Wasser, aus dem Kapselinneren zumindest anteilig entfernt werden. Ein vollständiges Entfernen ist normalerweise nicht nötig und insbesondere dann nicht bevorzugt, wenn die Kapseln in ein gelartiges Ködermaterial eingearbeitet werden sollen, welches das entsprechende Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Wasser, bereits ebenfalls enthält, da sich dann das Lösungsmittel-Gleichgewicht zwischen dem Kapselinneren und der die Kapsel umgebenden äußeren kontinuierlichen Flüssigphase rascher einstellt. These materials can be crosslinked particularly well with cations to crosslinked insoluble gels. By dropping solutions of these materials into solutions containing cations, substantially spherical capsules can be produced in a simple manner, which still contain the components of the solution in their interior. If the solution of the crosslinking materials has further constituents, in this case attractants, these are surrounded by the capsule material after crosslinking and thereby protected. By drying it can Solvent, especially water, are at least partially removed from the capsule interior. Complete removal is normally not necessary and particularly not preferred when the capsules are to be incorporated into a gel-like bait material which already contains the corresponding solvent, especially water, since then the solvent balance between the capsule interior and the capsule surrounding outer continuous liquid phase sets faster.
Bevorzugt wird zunächst das vernetzbare Polymer vollständig in Wasser gelöst und anschließend die Fraßstimulanz und gegebenenfalls der Farbstoff zugesetzt und gemischt. Diese Lösung wird als Vertropfüngslösung bezeichnet. Als Härtungsbad wird eine wässrige Kationen-haltige Lösung bezeichnet. Die Vertropfung erfolgt dann indem die Vertropfüngslösung in eine Vorlage und das Härtungsbad in einen Auffangbehälter überführt wird. Au s d e r V o rl ag e w i rd d i e Vertropfüngslösung in den Tropfkopf gepumpt. Die Düse und somit der Flüssigkeitsstrom wird durch eine Vibrationseinheit, bevorzugt eine Membran, in Schwingung versetzt. Dadurch zerfällt der Flüssigkeitsstrahl in einzelne, gleichgroße Tropfen. Die erzeugten Tropfen fallen in das Härtungsbad und die eintropfenden Tropfen vernetzen zu Kapseln. Die so erhaltenen Kapseln werden nach der Herstellung mit VE-Wasser gewaschen und abgefüllt. Preferably, the crosslinkable polymer is first completely dissolved in water, and then the feed stimulant and optionally the dye are added and mixed. This solution is referred to as Vertropfüngslösung. The hardening bath is an aqueous cation-containing solution. The dripping is then carried out by the Vertropfüngslösung is transferred to a template and the curing bath in a collection container. Out of the box, the dropping solution is pumped into the drip head. The nozzle and thus the liquid flow is vibrated by a vibration unit, preferably a membrane. As a result, the liquid jet breaks down into individual, equally sized drops. The generated drops fall into the hardening bath and the dripping drops crosslink to capsules. The capsules thus obtained are washed and bottled after production with demineralised water.
Die Kapseln können im herstellungsbedingten Rahmen eine beliebige Form aufweisen, sie sind jedoch bevorzugt wenigstens näherungsweise kugelförmig. Durch das Vertropfen ist außerdem leicht gewährleistbar, dass sie monodispers sind, das heißt alle Kapseln sind im Wesentlichen gleich groß, da sich bei konstanten Tropfbedingungen aus der gleichen Vertropfungsflüssigkeit gleiche Tropfen bilden. The capsules may have any shape in the production-related framework, but they are preferably at least approximately spherical. By the dripping is also easy to ensure that they are monodisperse, that is, all capsules are essentially the same size, since at constant dripping conditions from the same dropletizing droplets form the same.
Aus ästhetischen Gründen kann es wünschenswert sein, dass die Kapseln gefärbt sind. Dazu kann die Kapsel ein oder mehr Farbmittel wie Pigment oder Farbstoff enthalten. Bevorzugt stammt dieser aus der wässrigen Matrix-Lösung, die dazu Farbmittel, insbesondere Farbmittel wie sie in der Lebensmittel- oder Textilindustrie Verwendung finden, enthält. Ein besonders bevorzugtes Pigment ist Indanthren blau T-BC. For aesthetic reasons, it may be desirable for the capsules to be colored. For this purpose, the capsule may contain one or more colorants such as pigment or dye. Preferably, this comes from the aqueous matrix solution containing colorants, in particular colorants such as those used in the food or textile industry contains. A particularly preferred pigment is indanthrene blue T-BC.
Der erfindungsgemäße Köder liegt in Form eines Gels vor. Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gele Kolloide, in denen sich die Dispersionsphase mit der kontinuierlichen Phase kombiniert hat, um ein gallertartiges Produkt herzustellen, das folgende Eigenschaften besitzt: Dynamische Viskosität zwischen 4000 und 100.000 mPas, bevorzugt 4000 bis 10.000 mPas (20°C, Rotationsviskosimeter, Scherrate 10/s). Der erfindungsgemäße Köder kann beispielsweise so hergestellt werden, indem man das Geliermittel und Wasser vermischt, die Mischung durch Erhitzen verflüssigt, den Insektizide Wirkstoff, die polymeren Kapseln, das Ködermaterial oder, falls erforderlich, andere Hilfsstoffe zusetzt und die Mischung durch Abkühlen verfestigt. Die so erhaltenen Produkte können in einer beliebigen gewünschten Form formuliert werden, indem man sie während des Abkühlungs- und Verfestigungsprozesses in eine geeignete Form einbringt. Sie können des Weiteren nach der Verfestigung mittels Verfahren einschließlich Schneiden, Zerkleinern usw. in eine beliebige Form gebracht werden. The bait according to the invention is in the form of a gel. For the purposes of the present invention gels are colloids in which the dispersion phase has combined with the continuous phase to produce a gelatinous product having the following properties: dynamic viscosity between 4000 and 100,000 mPas, preferably 4000 to 10,000 mPas (20 ° C, Rotational viscometer, shear rate 10 / s). For example, the bait of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the gelling agent and water, liquefying the mixture by heating, adding the insecticidal active ingredient, the polymeric capsules, the bait material, or other excipients if necessary, and solidifying the mixture by cooling. The products thus obtained may be formulated in any desired form by incorporation into a suitable form during the cooling and solidification process. Furthermore, after solidification, they can be shaped into any shape, including cutting, crushing, etc.
In einer bevorzugten Variante wird der erfindungsgemäße Köder so hergestellt, dass das Geliermittel und Wasser vermischt werden, der Insektizide Wirkstoff, das Ködermaterial oder, falls erforderlich, andere Hilfsstoffe zugesetzt und die Mischung anschließend durch pH-Änderung verfestigt wird. Die polymeren Kapseln werden abschließend in das Gel eingerührt. In a preferred variant, the bait according to the invention is prepared in such a way that the gelling agent and water are mixed, the insecticidal active ingredient, the bait material or, if necessary, other auxiliaries are added and the mixture is subsequently solidified by a change in pH. The polymeric capsules are finally stirred into the gel.
Geeignete Geliermittel sind jede beliebige aus einer Vielzahl von hydrophilen Substanzen, die verwendet werden, um ein Gel zu bilden, indem die Viskosität und die Streckgrenze von flüssigen Mischungen erhöht werden. Die folgenden können zum Beispiel als Geliermittel entsprechend der Erfindung erwähnt werden: Stärken, Gellan-Gummi, Karrageen-Gummi, Agar-Agar, Kasein, Gelatine , Carob-Gummi, Anthan-Gummi, Jelutong-Gummi, Polysaccharid-Gummis, Phycokolloide, Polyakrylat-Polymer, semisynthetische Zellulose-Derivate (Carboxymethyl- Zellulose, usw.), Polyvinylalkohol, Carboxyvinylate, Bentonite, Silikate und Kolloid-Silica. Diese Geliermittel können allein oder als eine Mischung von zwei oder mehreren Mitteln in jedem Verhältnis verwendet werden. Bevorzugte Geliermittel sind Xanthan-Gummis und Polyacrylat- Polymere. Besonders bevorzugte Geliermittel sind Rhodopol G und Carbopol EZ-2. Suitable gelling agents are any of a variety of hydrophilic substances used to form a gel by increasing the viscosity and yield strength of liquid mixtures. The following may, for example, be mentioned as gelling agents according to the invention: starches, gellan gum, carrageenan gum, agar-agar, casein, gelatin, carob gum, anthan gum, jelutong gum, polysaccharide gums, phycokolloids, polyacrylate Polymer, semisynthetic cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyvinylates, bentonites, silicates and colloidal silica. These gelling agents may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more agents in any proportion. Preferred gelling agents are xanthan gums and polyacrylate polymers. Particularly preferred gelling agents are Rhodopol G and Carbopol EZ-2.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder können gegebenenfalls noch weitere Hilfsmittel wie Stabilisatoren, Abschreckmittel, Farbstoffe oder Antiseptika enthalten. Stabilisatoren sind zum Beispiel ein Calciumsalz, wie etwa Calciumlactat, Calciumchlorid und dergleichen. Geeignete Abschreckmittel sind zum Beispiel scharfe oder bittere Substanzen, wie etwa Guinea-Pfefferpulver, Denatoriumbenzoat und dergleichen. Ein besonders bevorzugtes Abschreckmittel ist Denatoriumbenzoat. Antiseptika sind zum Beispiel Sorbinsäure, Sorbinate, Benzoesäure, Benzoat, Paraoxybenzoester, Methylisothiazolinone, Benzisothiazolinone, Chlor- methylisothiazolinone und dergleichen. Besonders bevorzugte Antiseptika sind Sorbinsäure, Natriumbenzoat, Methylisothiazolinone, Benzisothiazolinone und Chlormethylisothiazolinone. In den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern liegt der Gehalt an Insektiziden Wirkstoffen im Allgemeinen zwischen 1 χ IGT5 und 10 Gew.- %, der Gehalt an Geliermittel im Allgemeinen zwischen 0, 1 und 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 bis 2 Gew.-%, der Gehalt an Ködermaterialien im Allgemeinen zwischen 10 und 70 Gew.-% und der Gehalt an polymeren Kapseln zwischen 1 und 10 Gew.-% und an anderen Hilfsstoffen zwischen 0.1 und 25 Gew.-% . If appropriate, the baits according to the invention may also contain other auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, quenchers, dyes or antiseptics. Stabilizers are, for example, a calcium salt such as calcium lactate, calcium chloride and the like. Suitable quenching agents are, for example, sharp or bitter substances such as guinea pepper powder, denaturant benzoate and the like. A particularly preferred quenching agent is denaturant benzoate. Antiseptics are, for example, sorbic acid, sorbinates, benzoic acid, benzoate, paraoxybenzoic esters, methylisothiazolinones, benzisothiazolinones, chloromethylisothiazolinones and the like. Particularly preferred antiseptics are sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, methylisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone and chloromethylisothiazolinone. In the baits according to the invention the content of insecticidal active compounds is generally between 1 χ IGT 5 and 10% by weight, the content of gelling agent generally between 0, 1 and 5 wt .-%, preferably between 0.5 to 2 wt. -%, the content of bait materials generally between 10 and 70 wt .-% and the content of polymeric capsules between 1 and 10 wt .-% and other excipients between 0.1 and 25 wt .-%.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder können zur Bekämpfung verschiedener kriechender Insekten verwendet werden, indem man sie an Orten platziert, an denen Schadinsekten leben oder die sie passieren. The baits of the invention can be used to control various crawling insects by placing them in places where insect pests live or pass them.
Unter den Schadinsekten, die bekämpft werden können, seien nicht nur Insekten, wie die Deutsche Schabe (Blattella germanica), die Orientalische Schabe (Blatta orientalis), die Amerikanische Schabe (Periplaneta americana) die Braunbandschabe (Supella longipalpa), sondern auch Fliegen, wie die Hausfliege (Musca domestica) und Ameisen, wie z.B. Rasenameise (Tetramorium caespitum), Schwarzgraue Wegameise (Lasius niger), Pharaoameise (Monomorium pharanois), Argentinische Ameise (Linepithema humile), Schwarzkopfameise (Tapinoma melanocephalum) genannt. Die erfindungsgemäßen Köder werden bevorzugt bei der Bekämpfung von Schaben, also Insekten der Ordnung Blattariae, insbesondere der Familie Blattellidae, vorzugsweise der Art Blattella germanica oder der Familie Blattidae, vorzugsweise der Arten Blatta orientalis und Periplaneta americana, aber auch gegen andere Schabenarten, ganz besonders bevorzugt jedoch gegen Blattella germanica, eingesetzt. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Köders zur Bekämpfung von kriechenden Insekten, bevorzugt aus der Ordnung Blattariae, die sich im Larven- oder Nymphen- Stadium befinden. Among the harmful insects that can be fought, are not only insects, such as the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), the Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis), the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) the brown cockroach (Supella longipalpa), but also flies, such as the house fly (Musca domestica) and ants, such as Turkeys (Tetramorium caespitum), Black-gray road ant (Lasius niger), Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharanois), Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), Black-headed ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum). The baits according to the invention are particularly preferred in the control of cockroaches, ie insects of the order Blattariae, in particular the family Blattellidae, preferably the species Blattella germanica or the family Blattidae, preferably the species Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, but also against other cockroach species but used against Blattella germanica. Particularly preferred is the use of the bait according to the invention for controlling crawling insects, preferably from the order Blattariae, which are in the larval or nymphal stage.
Die zu verwendenden Do sen an Insektiziden Wirkstoffen bei Anwendungen im Haus, beispielsweise zur Bekämpfung von Schaben, und bei Außenanwendungen, beispielsweise zur Bekämpfung von Ameisen oder Armadillidia, beispielsweise zwischen 5 und 500 mg pro m2 liegen. Die Dosen an Insektiziden Wirkstoffen in den erfindungsgemäßen Ködern liegen im Allgemeinen zwischen 1 χ 10~5 und 10 Gew.-%. The Do to sen of insecticidal active ingredients for in-home applications, such as for controlling cockroaches, and in outdoor applications, for example for the control of ants or Armadillidia, for example, between 5 and 500 mg per m 2 . The doses of insecticidal active substances in the baits according to the invention are generally between 1 × 10 -5 and 10% by weight.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Köderzusammensetzungen wirken aber auch gegen Arten wie beispielsweise Schädlingen aus der Ordnung der · Zygentoma, z.B. Lepisma saccharina; However, the bait compositions according to the invention also act against species such as, for example, pests of the order of the zygentomas, e.g. Lepisma saccharina;
• Orthoptera, z.B. Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., • Dermaptera, z.B. Forficula auricularia; Orthoptera, eg Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., • Dermaptera, eg Forficula auricularia;
• Crustacea, z.B. Porcellio scaber Crustacea, e.g. Porcellio scaber
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, auf die sie jedoch nicht beschränkt ist. The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments, to which it is not limited.
Beispiele Examples
Tabelle 1 : Table 1 :
Anzahl der innerhalb von 10 Minuten zum Fraß führenden Kontakte einer Schabenpopulation. Die Schaben hatten die freie Wahl zwischen Standardködergel mit verkapselten Aromastoff und freiem Aromastoff Number of cockroach contacts within 10 minutes. The cockroaches had the choice between standard bait gel with encapsulated flavor and free flavoring
Tabelle 2: Table 2:
Gesamtmenge an toten Schaben (Adulte) nach Ausbringung der angegebenen Köder nach der angegebenen Zeit (d = Tage, w = Wochen) Total amount of dead cockroaches (adults) after application of the specified baits after the specified time (d = days, w = weeks)
Maxforce White IC: auf Basis von 2, 15 Gew.-% Imidacloprid Maxforce White IC: based on 2.15% imidacloprid
Formulierung 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 2wFormulation 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 2w
Maxforce® White IC Standard 1 1 3 12 26Maxforce ® White IC Standard 1 1 3 12 26
Maxforce® White IC (Rezeptur mit 5 % Maxforce ® White IC (5% recipe)
Alginatkapseln + 0.20 % Bananenaroma) 3 3 11 32 66 Alginate capsules + 0.20% banana flavor) 3 3 11 32 66
Kontrolle 0 0 0 0 0 Tabelle 3: Control 0 0 0 0 0 Table 3:
Gesamtmenge an toten Schaben (Larvenstadien) nach Ausbringung der angegebenen Köder nach der angegebenen Zeit . Total amount of dead cockroaches (larval stages) after application of the specified baits after the specified time.
Tabelle 4: Table 4:
Verbesserte Aufnahme (Fraß) des erfindungsgemäßen Produktes Improved uptake (feeding) of the product according to the invention
Tabelle 5: Table 5:
Verhältnis von Larvenstadien zu Adulten. Ein Faktor <1 bedeutet mehr Larven als Adulte. Die Analyse der Falleninhalte zeigt, dass im erfindungsgemäßen Produkt das Verhältnis umgekehrt ist, d.h. es werden mehr Adulte als Larven gefangen. Ratio of larval stages to adults. A factor <1 means more larvae than adults. The analysis of the trap contents shows that in the product according to the invention the ratio is reversed, i. more adults are caught than larvae.
Verhältnis von Larven zu Adulten Ratio of larvae to adults
3 Tage 7 Tage 14 Tage 28 Tage 3 days 7 days 14 days 28 days
Vor nach nach nach nach Behandlung Behandlung Behandlung Behandlung BehandlungBefore after after treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment
Maxforce® White IC 1,5 2,5 2,0 3,9 4,3Maxforce ® White IC 1.5 2.5 2.0 3.9 4.3
Maxforce® White IC Maxforce ® White IC
0,4 0,7 0,2 0,2 (mit 5 % 1,7 Alginatkapseln + 0.20 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.2 (with 5% 1.7 Alginate capsules + 0.20
% Bananenaroma  % Banana flavor
Referenzprodukt* 1,4 1,2 2, 1 2,3 3,3Reference product * 1.4 1.2 2, 1 2.3 3.3
Unbehandelte Kontrolle 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,7 Untreated Control 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7
Vlaxforce® Gel mit 2 % Hydramethylnon Vlaxforce ® gel with 2% hydramethylnon
Tabelle 6 (Blatella Germanica)^ ergleich von erfindungsgemäßen Produkten, welche als Insektiziden Wirkstoff entweder 2, 15% Imidaclopid oder 1% Clothianidin enthalten. Der Einsatz von Clothianidin bewirkt eine weitere Effizienzsteigerung, hier bei der Deutschen Schabe B. germanica.. Table 6 (Blatella Germanica) comparison of products according to the invention containing as insecticidal active ingredient either 2, 15% imidaclopid or 1% clothianidin. The use of clothianidin causes a further increase in efficiency, here in the German cockroach B. germanica.
Tabelle 7 (Blatta orientalis) Table 7 (Blatta orientalis)
Vergleich von erfindungsgemäßen Produkten, welche als Insektiziden Wirkstoff entweder 2, 15% Imidaclopid oder 1% Clothianidin enthalten. Der Einsatz von Clothianidin bewirkt eine weitere Effizienzsteigerung, hier bei der Orientalischen Schabe B. orientalis. % Mortality Comparison of products according to the invention containing as active ingredient insecticides either 2, 15% imidaclopid or 1% clothianidin. The use of clothianidin causes a further increase in efficiency, here in the Oriental cockroach B. orientalis. % Mortality
Adults Nymphs Adults Nymphs
Formulation 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d Formulation 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d
Maxforce® White IC Rezeptur Maxforce ® White IC recipe
2.15 % Imidacloprid + 5% Alginatkapseln 2.15% imidacloprid + 5% alginate capsules
mit 0.2% Bananenaroma 64 56 76 86 48 54 62 74 with 0.2% banana flavor 64 56 76 86 48 54 62 74
Maxforce® White IC Rezeptur Maxforce ® White IC recipe
1 % Clothianidin + 5% Alginatkapseln mit 1% clothianidin + 5% alginate capsules with
0.2% Bananenaroma 76 74 90 96 40 62 72 86  0.2% banana flavor 76 74 90 96 40 62 72 86
Control 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 30 eile 8 (Pen plane ta americana): Control 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 30 hile 8 (Pen plane ta americana):
Vergleich von erfindungsgemäßen Produkten, welche als Insektiziden Wirkstoff entweder 2, 15% Imidaclopid oder 1% Clothianidin enthalten. Der Einsatz von Clothianidin bewirkt eine deutliche Effizienzsteigerung, hier bei der Amerikanischen Schabe P. americana.  Comparison of products according to the invention containing as active ingredient insecticides either 2, 15% imidaclopid or 1% clothianidin. The use of clothianidin causes a significant increase in efficiency, here in the American cockroach P. americana.
% Mortality  % Mortality
Adults Nymphs Adults Nymphs
Formulation 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d Formulation 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 6 d
Maxforce® White IC Rezeptur Maxforce ® White IC recipe
2.15 % Imidacloprid + 5% Alginatkapseln 2.15% imidacloprid + 5% alginate capsules
mit 0.2% Bananenaroma 34 46 46 40 16 48 48 44 with 0.2% banana flavor 34 46 46 40 16 48 48 44
Maxforce® White IC Rezeptur Maxforce ® White IC recipe
1 % Clothianidin + 5% Alginatkapseln mit 1% clothianidin + 5% alginate capsules with
0.2% Bananenaroma 66 86 92 98 12 58 64 72 0.2% banana flavor 66 86 92 98 12 58 64 72

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
I . Köder, enthaltend ein oder mehrere Insektizide Wirkstoffe, ein Ködermaterial in Form eines Gels sowie wasserunlösliche, polymere Kapseln mit einem Durchmesser von 0, 1 bis 5 mm, welche eine Polymermatrix aufweisen, die Tröpfchen eines oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien enthält. I. Baits containing one or more insecticidal agents, a bait material in the form of a gel, and water-insoluble, polymeric capsules having a diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm and having a polymer matrix containing droplets of one or more feeding stimulants.
2. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass polymere Kapseln einen Durchmesser von 0,5 bis 2 mm aufweisen. 2. bait according to claim 1, characterized in that polymeric capsules have a diameter of 0.5 to 2 mm.
3. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Insektizide Wirkstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe enthaltend Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Spinosad, Indoxacarb und Abamectin. 3. bait according to claim 1, characterized in that the insecticidal active ingredient is selected from the group comprising imidacloprid, fipronil, spinosad, indoxacarb and abamectin.
4. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Insektizide Wirkstoff Imidacloprid ist. 4. bait according to claim 1, characterized in that the insecticidal active ingredient is imidacloprid.
5. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Insektizide Wirkstoff Fipronil ist. 5. Bait according to claim 1, characterized in that the insecticidal active ingredient is fipronil.
6. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Insektizide Wirkstoff Clothianidin ist. 6. bait according to claim 1, characterized in that the insecticidal active substance is clothianidin.
7. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ködermaterial ein oder mehrere Köderfraßstoffe enthält. 7. bait according to claim 1, characterized in that the bait material contains one or more bait substances.
8. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ködermaterial mindestens ein Köderfraßstoff und mindestens eine Fraßstimulanz enthält. 8. bait according to claim 1, characterized in that the bait material contains at least one bait and at least one feeding stimulant.
9. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kapseln ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien und gegebenenfalls Lockstoffe oder Farbstoffe aufweisen, die in dieser Matrix eingelagert sind. 9. bait according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsules have one or more feeding stimulants and optionally attractants or dyes which are incorporated in this matrix.
10. Köder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kapseln ein oder mehrere Fraßstimulantien und Farbstoff aufweisen 10. bait according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsules have one or more feeding stimulants and dye
I I . Köder gemäß Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fraßstimulanz ein Bananenaroma ist. I i. Bait according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the feeding stimulant is a banana flavor.
12. Verwendung der Köder gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kriechenden Insekten im Larven- oder Nymphen-Stadium sind. 12. Use of the bait according to one of the preceding claims. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the crawling insects are in larval or nymphal stage.
Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Insekten aus der Ordnung Blattariae stammen. Use according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the insects originate from the Blattariae order.
EP11731393.2A 2010-07-20 2011-07-15 Gel bait for controlling crawling harmful insects Withdrawn EP2595478A2 (en)

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PCT/EP2011/062126 WO2012010509A2 (en) 2010-07-20 2011-07-15 Gel bait for controlling crawling harmful insects
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MX350120B (en) 2017-08-28
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BR112013001477A2 (en) 2016-05-31
CN103025156A (en) 2013-04-03
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WO2012010509A3 (en) 2012-03-29
TW201215316A (en) 2012-04-16
CN103025156B (en) 2015-08-26
CL2013000182A1 (en) 2013-05-17
MX2013000590A (en) 2013-03-05
KR102131333B1 (en) 2020-07-08
AR082770A1 (en) 2013-01-09
KR20190010721A (en) 2019-01-30
WO2012010509A2 (en) 2012-01-26
KR20130127416A (en) 2013-11-22
TWI556736B (en) 2016-11-11
AU2011281750A1 (en) 2013-02-21
AU2011281750B2 (en) 2014-07-03
US20120017491A1 (en) 2012-01-26

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