Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/1811—Organic compounds containing oxygen peroxides; ozonides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/12—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
  • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
  • C10L2300/20—Mixture of two components

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and blends thereof as a fuel additive, and more particularly as an additive to diesel fuel.
• TBHP tertiary butyl hydroperoxide
• the cetane number is a characteristic parameter for the combustion quality of diesel fuel.
• the cetane number is a measure of the ignition or the ignition delay, ie the time between the start of the fuel injection and the beginning of the combustion.
• a rapid ignition followed by a uniform and complete combustion as possible.
• the higher the cetane number the shorter the ignition delay and the better the combustion quality.
• cetane number-increasing additives are also used in US 2,763,537 including acrylates, nitrites, nitroso compounds, diazo compounds and organic peroxides.
• Organic peroxides are currently not commercially used as diesel additives with the exception of small amounts of DTBP (di-tert-butyl peroxide). This for cost, security and compatibility reasons.
• peroxide preparations often contain substantial amounts of water as phlegmatizers, are thermally or chemically unstable, can not be used commercially as fuel additives because of the raw materials or production processes used, or contain aromatic radicals which negatively influence pollutant emissions.
• Water-stabilized peroxides are unsuitable as a fuel additive, since water does not mix with the fuel, but forms a two-phase system.
• Organic peroxides are thermally labile compounds that decompose exothermically with cleavage of the peroxide oxygen-oxygen bond. Therefore, for safety reasons, organic peroxides often have to be phlegmatized for safe handling or safe transport or are already produced technically in dilution.
• An object of the present invention was to provide an improved fuel additive, in particular with regard to pollutant emissions, effectiveness, manageability and costs.
• the invention therefore relates to a fuel comprising tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an additive.
• TBHP tert-butyl hydroperoxide
• tert-butyl hydroperoxide in particular in anhydrous form, is suitable as a fuel additive.
• the use of TBHP as an additive increases the cetane number of the fuel and preferably raises it above the base fuel by a value of at least 2, more preferably at least 3, even more preferably at least 4 and most preferably at least 5.
• the cetane number can be determined, for example, according to ASTM 0613. A Increasing the cetane number is a measure of improving the ignitability of the fuel.
• the pollutant emission in particular the hydrocarbon emission and / or the carbon monoxide emission is significantly reduced.
• Anhydrous TBHP is preferably used according to the invention as a fuel additive.
• Anhydrous means that the content of water in the TBHP composition is ⁇ 5% by weight, in particular ⁇ 1% by weight, even more preferably ⁇ 0.3% by weight.
• TBHP is preferably used as an additive in an anhydrous organic solvent.
• Polar and non-polar solvents can be used.
• suitable nonpolar solvents are alkyls and in particular aliphatic hydrocarbons, in particular isododecane, isooctane, decane, nonane or / and n-octane or mixtures of different aliphatics.
• polar solvents are, in particular, oxygen-containing solvents, such as, for example, alcohols or / and ethers.
• Alkyl alcohols are preferably used as solvents, in particular C 1 -C 8 -alkyl alcohols, more preferably butanol and most preferably tert-butanol.
• solvents in particular C 1 -C 8 -alkyl alcohols, more preferably butanol and most preferably tert-butanol.
• the amount of TBHP in the additive is preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, and most preferably at least 50% by weight. Pure TBHP is not preferred for safety reasons.
• the amount of TBHP in the additive is therefore preferably up to 90% by weight, more preferably up to 75% by weight, and most preferably up to 60% by weight.
• the proportion of anhydrous organic solvent, in particular of tert-butanol is correspondingly at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 25% by weight and most preferably at least 40% by weight and up to 90% by weight, more preferably up to 70 % By weight, and most preferably up to 50% by weight.
• an additive which contains 30 to 70% by weight of TBHP in 70 to 30% by weight of tert-butanol.
• the phlegmatization of TBHP in an oxygen-containing solvent and especially in tert-butanol increases the safety during the technical TBHP production, transport and further handling.
• the oxygen content of the additive is also increased to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gas.
• an oxygen content of about 29.3 wt.% Oxygen, of which about 9.8 wt.% Active oxygen is contained.
• the fuel according to the invention may contain fuels or fuels known as base fuel, such as, for example, gasolines, in particular gasoline, super etc., diesel fuels such as diesel, biodiesel or the like, rapeseed methyl esters or oxymethylene ethers.
• base fuel such as, for example, gasolines, in particular gasoline, super etc.
• diesel fuels such as diesel, biodiesel or the like
• TBHP Compared to the conventionally used 2-EHN combustion is improved by the inventive use of TBHP as an additive (especially lower hydrocarbon and soot emissions). Furthermore, TBHP contains no nitrogen, so that the associated problems and in particular the problem of the formation of nitrogen oxides is inventively reduced. Furthermore, TBHP is significantly safer in terms of safety than 2-EHN, especially in terms of decomposition.
• a measure of the rate of decomposition and pressure build-up in the decomposition of a product is the Koenen test. The larger the Koenen value, the more violent the decomposition takes place.
• the Koenenen for 2-EHN 1.0 while the Koenenen for a TBA phlegmatized TBHP is ⁇ 1.
• TBHP advantageously has a higher flash point of 21 ° C.
• the flashpoint of DTBP is significantly lower than that of TBHP and below room temperature at ⁇ 0 ° C.
• the conductivity of DTBP is ⁇ 3 pS / m extremely low, so that replenishment of DTBP due to possible charge separations are very critical in terms of safety, since these charge separations a sufficient ignition energy to ignite DTBP can generate, since DTBP only requires a very low ignition energy of ⁇ 0.1 mJ.
• the polar TBHP is conductive (> 1000 pS / m) and thus such charge separations no longer occur, so that TBHP can be handled much more safely than DTBP.
• the fuel is preferably 0.001 wt% to 10 wt%, more preferably 0.01 wt% to 5 wt%, and most preferably 0.05 wt% to 2 wt% TBHP.
• TBHP-containing additive according to the invention with other additives.
• Preferred is e.g. the combination with other peroxides and in particular with di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP).
• DTBP di-tert-butyl peroxide
• an additive comprising TBHP and DTPB.
• the weight ratio of TBHP and DTPB is preferably from 10:90 to 90:10.
• the production of TBHP can be carried out according to known production methods.
• the invention further relates to a fuel additive comprising TBHP and the use of TBHP to increase the cetane number.
• Fuel comprising TBHP as an additive
• a conventional base diesel fuel has a cetane number of 48.
• An additive consisting of 55% by weight of TBHP and 45% by weight of tert-butanol in a concentration based on TBHP of 0.05% by weight of additive and in a concentration of 0.5% by weight is added to this fuel.
• the addition of the additive significantly increases the cetane number.
• the cetane number is significantly improved and at the same time without significant increase in consumption at the same engine power in the presence of the additive TBHP the emission of pollutants is significantly reduced.
• Fuel comprising TBHP as an additive
• an additive consisting of 28 wt% TBHP, 23 wt% TBA and 49 wt% DTBP in a concentration based on TBHP of 0.05 wt% and in a concentration of 0.05 wt% ,
• the addition of the additive significantly increases the cetane number.
• base diesel base diesel + 0.05 wt.% TBHP and base diesel + 0.5 wt.% TBHP
• TBHP significantly improves the cetane number and at the same time significantly reduces pollutant emissions.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-11-16 EP EP11189416.8A patent/EP2594623A1/fr not_active Ceased
• 2012
  • 2012-11-16 US US14/358,831 patent/US9303224B2/en active Active
  • 2012-11-16 ES ES12784622T patent/ES2864214T3/es active Active
  • 2012-11-16 EP EP12784622.8A patent/EP2780435B1/fr active Active
  • 2012-11-16 WO PCT/EP2012/072877 patent/WO2013072478A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-11-16 MX MX2014005821A patent/MX2014005821A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2012-11-16 CN CN201280056319.5A patent/CN103998582B/zh active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-05-06 ZA ZA2014/03247A patent/ZA201403247B/en unknown
  • 2014-05-15 IN IN1024/KOLNP/2014A patent/IN2014KN01024A/en unknown

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