EP2577678B2 - Kanister für den transport und/oder die aufbewahrung radioaktiver materialien mit verbesserten wärmeleitungsmitteln - Google Patents

Kanister für den transport und/oder die aufbewahrung radioaktiver materialien mit verbesserten wärmeleitungsmitteln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2577678B2
EP2577678B2 EP11722101.0A EP11722101A EP2577678B2 EP 2577678 B2 EP2577678 B2 EP 2577678B2 EP 11722101 A EP11722101 A EP 11722101A EP 2577678 B2 EP2577678 B2 EP 2577678B2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
thermal conduction
elements
conduction elements
package
radioactive materials
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EP11722101.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2577678B1 (de
EP2577678A1 (de
Inventor
Sébastien MOMON
Hervé ISSARD
Gilles Bonnet
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TN International SA
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TN International SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
    • G21F5/008—Containers for fuel elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/10—Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of packaging for the transport and / or storage of radioactive materials, preferably of the type of irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies.
  • Such packages are for example known documents EP 1 355 320 , JP 2002-55195 and JP 5-172992 .
  • storage devices also called “baskets” or “racks” storage. These storage devices, usually of cylindrical shape and of substantially circular or polygonal section, are able to receive the radioactive materials.
  • the storage device is intended to be housed in the cavity of a package in order to form together therewith a container for the transport and / or storage of radioactive materials, in which they are perfectly confined.
  • the aforementioned cavity is generally defined by a lateral body extending along a longitudinal axis of the package, as well as by a bottom and a packaging lid arranged at the ends. opposite of the body, in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
  • the lateral body comprises an inner wall and an outer wall, generally taking the form of two concentric metallic shells together forming an annular space inside which are housed thermal conduction means, as well as radiological protection means, in particular for to form a barrier against neutrons emitted by the radioactive material housed in the cavity.
  • the thermal conduction means make it possible to conduct the heat released by the radioactive materials towards the outside of the container, in order to avoid any risk of overheating which may cause degradation of these materials, an alteration of the mechanical properties of the materials constituting the packaging, or an abnormal pressure rise in the cavity.
  • Thermal conduction means have been the subject of many developments, which have led to various achievements.
  • One of the most commonly used resides in the placement of fins / ribs in the annular space between the two ferrules. These fins, which extend in length in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the package, thus allow to conduct the heat of the inner shell to the outer shell. Furthermore, in this embodiment, it is classically interposed radiological protection blocks between the fins.
  • this heat conduction fin solution can be problematic in that it is likely to generate hot spots on the outer shell of the lateral body of the package, at the junctions with these same fins.
  • the invention therefore aims to at least partially overcome the disadvantages mentioned above, relating to the achievements of the prior art.
  • the subject of the invention is a packaging for the transport and / or storage of radioactive materials, according to claim 1.
  • the solution provided by the present invention easily, by appropriately distributing and in quantity the thermal conduction elements, to avoid the appearance of hot spots on the outer wall of the lateral body.
  • the radial direction must be understood as being the direction intercepting orthogonally, locally, each of the two walls of the lateral body.
  • the section of the thermal conduction element may be circular or polygonal, such as square or hexagonal.
  • At least some of said thermal conduction elements each extend in one piece along a length substantially equal to the distance separating the inner and outer walls, in the direction of conduction. This provides an uninterrupted thermal conduction path between the two walls, which is conducive to good heat dissipation.
  • at least some of the heat conduction elements could be cut in the direction of conduction, that is to say made in several sections arranged end-to-end. This is of particular interest when the heat conduction elements are closely related to a radiological protection material, for example so as to form blocks, as is preferentially the case in the invention.
  • the bucking mentioned above makes it possible to replace blocks of smaller dimensions, often better adapted to the size of the cells. defects, and thus reducing the material losses caused during these replacement operations.
  • said thermal conduction elements together form an array of recesses which, in section along at least one parallel plane the longitudinal axis and passing through this network, has at least one zone whose hollow density has a value greater than or equal to 100 hollows / m 2 .
  • a low minimum density which is preferably found in all heat conduction means, makes it possible to obtain excellent homogeneity in the heat conduction. It is further indicated that this density can be scalable within the thermal conduction means.
  • the walls of the heat conduction elements defining the hollows may be thin, conducive to a reduction in the risk of radiological leakage.
  • the average thickness of the walls of the heat conduction elements delimiting the hollows is between 0.02 and 0.5 mm.
  • the recesses each have, in section orthogonal to the direction of conduction, a maximum width of between 2 and 25 mm, this maximum width naturally corresponding to the diameter in the particular case of a circular section.
  • the ratio between the length of the hollow in the direction of conduction, and its maximum width is preferably between 3 and 100.
  • the high density value mentioned above can be achieved by providing that at least some of said thermal conduction elements are made using one or more honeycomb structures, each honeycomb cell forming said hollow of a thermal conduction element.
  • the cells can be of any shape, for example polygonal, as square or hexagonal.
  • they may be cylindrical or of enlarged shape going from the inner wall to the outer wall, as mentioned above.
  • honeycomb structures are widely distributed commercially in a wide variety of forms.
  • the high density of cells offered by the honeycomb structures is obtained thanks to the walls each delimiting several cells. This aspect also ensures an excellent ratio between the heat conducting capacity of the honeycomb structure and the mass of this structure. By reasoning mass equivalent structure, this ratio is further improved when the structure comprises cells of small section, reflecting a high density of cells, and whose walls are thin.
  • a honeycomb structure must be understood as a structure formed using a stack of sheets / strips forming the cells, the stacking direction being orthogonal to the direction longitudinal of these cells.
  • each structure is equipped with holes making the cells communicate with each other.
  • This facilitates the introduction of a material radiological protection in the cells when this material is introduced by casting, in particular when the casting takes place directly between the two walls of the lateral packaging body, with the honeycomb structure already in place in the inter-space -parois.
  • the holes are made in the stacking direction of the leaves of the honeycomb structure. Their number is chosen according to various parameters, such as the viscosity of the cast material.
  • thermal conduction elements are made using independent elements, spaced from each other, these elements then taking preferentially each in the form of a tube, cylindrical or flared towards the outer wall of the lateral body, and section of any shape.
  • the independent thermal conduction elements can be placed in contact with each other, and possibly fixed together. This leads to a configuration approximating a honeycomb structure.
  • At least one of the thermal conduction elements is externally espoused by said radiological protection material, and also internally, at its hollow. It is thus the same solid material which externally and internally marries at least one of the elements of thermal conduction.
  • each heat conduction element is not necessarily closed in section along a plane orthogonal to the direction of conduction, even if the closed character of the hollow represents a preferred solution.
  • the hollow preferably extends continuously along its associated thermal conduction element, in the direction of conduction, remaining open at its two opposite ends considered in the same direction of conduction.
  • the lateral body of the package preferably has a conventional cylindrical shape, for example of circular or polygonal section.
  • the inner and outer walls adopting this same shape are generally called ferrules, and are concentric, centered on said longitudinal axis around which is the inter-ferrule space.
  • the invention also relates to a container for the transport and / or storage of radioactive materials, comprising a package as described above.
  • the container 1 generally comprises a packaging 2 object of the present invention, inside which there is a storage device 4, also called storage basket.
  • the device 4 is intended to be placed in a housing cavity 6 of the package 2, as schematically shown in FIG. figure 1 on which it is also possible to see the longitudinal axis 8 of this package, coincident with the longitudinal axes of the storage device and the housing cavity.
  • longitudinal should be understood as parallel to the longitudinal axis 8 and the longitudinal direction of the package.
  • the container 1 and the device 4 forming receiving housings of the fuel assemblies are here shown in a horizontal / lying position usually adopted during the transport of the assemblies, different from the vertical position of loading / unloading of the fuel assemblies.
  • the package 2 essentially has a bottom (not shown) on which the device 4 is intended to rest in a vertical position, a lid (not shown) arranged at the other longitudinal end of the package , and a lateral body 10 extending around and along the longitudinal axis 8, that is to say in the longitudinal direction of the container 1.
  • this lateral body 10 which defines the housing cavity 6, with the aid of a lateral inner surface 12 of substantially cylindrical shape and of circular section, and of axis coincident with the axis 8.
  • the bottom of the package which defines the bottom of the cavity 6 open at the lid, can be made in one piece with a portion of the lateral body 10, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the lateral body 10 which firstly has two concentric metal walls / ferrules together forming an annular space 14 centered on the longitudinal axis 8 of the package. This is indeed a inner ferrule 20 centered on the axis 8, and an outer ferrule 22 also centered on the axis 8.
  • the annular space 14 is filled by thermal conduction means 16, as well as radiological protection means 18 essentially designed to form a barrier against neutrons emitted by the fuel assemblies housed in the storage device 4.
  • thermal conduction means 16 as well as radiological protection means 18 essentially designed to form a barrier against neutrons emitted by the fuel assemblies housed in the storage device 4.
  • radiological protection means 18 essentially designed to form a barrier against neutrons emitted by the fuel assemblies housed in the storage device 4.
  • these elements are housed between the inner shell 20 whose inner surface corresponds to the inner lateral surface 12 of the cavity 6, and the outer shell 22.
  • the radiological protection device 18 is produced using a solid material known per se, such as a composite material with a polymer matrix, and more specifically whose matrix is a resin, preferably a highly hydrogenated resin, for example of the type vinylester resin.
  • This neutron protection material is also known as "resin concrete”.
  • the thermal conduction means 16 are for example made of an alloy having good heat conduction characteristics, of the aluminum alloy or copper type. It can also be a ceramic or carbon-based material, such as silicon carbide.
  • boron may be provided in the radiological protection means and / or the means of thermal conduction, in order to reinforce the neutron protection function.
  • the radiological protection means 18 take the form of a single block of material cast between the two rings 20, 22, penetrating into the heat conduction means 16, as will be detailed below.
  • the thermal conduction means are here formed using several honeycomb structures 30, which are placed circumferentially next to one another in the inter-ring space 14.
  • Each structure 30 For example, it has a shape of annular ring sector, extending at an angle of preferably between 5 and 60 °.
  • Each structure 30 also extends over the entire length of the space 14 along the direction of the axis 8, as well as over substantially the entire radial length of this space, or may alternatively be cut according to the one and / or the other of these two directions.
  • Each structure 30 forms heat conduction elements 31 each defining a cavity 32 corresponding to a cell / cell of the structure.
  • the cavity walls / cells 34 forming the elements 31 make it possible to define each several cavities / cells 32.
  • the recesses 32 each extend in length in a direction of conduction 36 from the inner ferrule 20 to the outer ferrule 22, this direction corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the honeycomb cell concerned.
  • this direction 36 is radial or substantially radial.
  • the conduction elements 31 are substantially cylindrical and parallel to each other, as well as the recesses 32 that they define.
  • the conduction directions 36 are here very close to the radial direction, therefore qualified as substantially radial, even though they may be inclined by a few degrees with respect to this same radial direction.
  • the conduction elements 31 are no longer cylindrical, but each have a widening shape going from the inner ferrule 20 to the outer ferrule 22, in particular to take into account the difference in diameters between these two ferrules.
  • the geometry of the section of each element 31 remains preferentially identical, only the magnitude of this section then being increasing towards the outer shell 22.
  • the conduction direction 36 of each of the elements 31 corresponds to the direction radial of the body 10, orthogonally intercepting the axis 8.
  • the heat conduction elements 31 and the recesses 32 that they define each extend over a length substantially identical to the distance separating the two rings, in the direction of conduction 36 of the element 31 concerned.
  • a mounting set is preferentially retained, in order to allow the introduction of the structures 30 into the inter-shell space 14.
  • the honeycomb structures 30 define heat conduction elements 31 of hexagonal section, even if any other form could be envisaged, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • This hexagonal shape is conventionally produced by means of a stack of embossed sheets / strips 40 forming the hollows / cells 32, the stacking direction 42 of these sheets being orthogonal to the longitudinal direction 36 of the cells.
  • Each recess 32 considered in section orthogonal to the direction of conduction 36 as is the case on the figure 2 , has a maximum width "l" of between 2 and 25 mm.
  • the walls of the heat conduction elements 31 delimiting the recesses 32 are of small thickness, for example of average thickness between 0.02 and 0.5 mm.
  • some parts of the walls are formed by a single sheet 40, while other parts are formed by the superposition of two sheets 40.
  • the average thickness mentioned above is defined as corresponding to about 1.5 times the thickness of the superposed sheets 40 constituting the honeycomb structures 30.
  • the ratio between the length "L" of each recess 32 in its direction of conduction 36, and its maximum width "1" mentioned above, is preferably between 3 and 100.
  • the length "L” is preferentially between 75 and 200 mm.
  • honeycomb structures lies in the high density of conduction elements 31 and recesses 32 that it is able to provide.
  • the heat conduction elements 31 together form a network of recesses 32 which, in section along at least one plane parallel to the axis 8 and passing through this network, has at least one zone whose cavity density 32 has a value greater than or equal to 100 troughs / m 2 .
  • the figure 2 shows such a section taken according to the plane of line II-II shown on the figure 1 .
  • this minimum density value is encountered in all areas of the conduction means 16, even if it can be scalable within these same means 16.
  • the radiological protection material 18 is filled with Preferably, the recesses 32 of the honeycomb structures 30 are completely open. Since the casting of this material takes place directly in the inter-shell space 14, with the structures 30 already in place in the packaging being in position. vertical, it is planned to make holes 46 in the sheets 40 in order to communicate the recesses 32 between them. During the gravitational casting of the material 18, the latter can then borrow the holes 46 in order to distribute the best in each of the recesses 32 of the structures 30.
  • the holes 46 are here made in the stacking direction 42 of the sheets 40 as evidenced by the figure 2 . Their number is chosen according to various parameters, such as the viscosity of the cast material.
  • the thermal conduction elements are no longer made by honeycomb structures, but by independent elements 31 spaced apart from each other. They therefore each have, unlike the previous embodiment, a wall of their own, that is to say that is not shared with other elements 31. It may be tubes, for example of circular section, as shown on the figure 3 .
  • these tubes 31 internally defining the recesses 32 may also be provided with holes, in order to be more easily filled with the neutron protection material 18.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a block 100 in the form of an angular sector of ferrule, intended to be introduced into the inter-ferrule space 14.
  • This solution also envisaged for the present invention, contrasts with the previous solution in that it consists to make several sectors of ferrule 100 outside the space 14, before introducing them into this same space, so that they are arranged circumferentially next to each other.
  • Each block 100 integrates the neutron protection material 18 and a plurality of heat conduction elements 31, filled with this material which defines the quasi-totality of the peripheral surface of the block. Nevertheless, it is expected that the ends of the conduction elements 31 remain visible at the two concentric surfaces 110, 112 of the block, respectively intended to be facing / contacting the surfaces of the rings 20, 22 delimiting the space 14. This allows to establish a better heat transfer between the ferrules 20, 22 and the thermal conduction elements of the block 100. It is noted that if the heat conduction elements of the block 100 are here of the type of those shown on the figure 3 , they could nevertheless adopt any form according to the present invention, in particular that shown on the figures 1 and 2 . Of course, various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art to the invention as defined in the appended claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Stackable Containers (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verpackung (2) für den Transport und/oder die Zwischenlagerung radioaktiver Materialien, wobei die Verpackung einen seitlichen Körper (10) enthält, der einen Hohlraum (6) zur Aufnahme der radioaktiven Materialien definiert, der sich gemäß einer Längsachse (8) der Verpackung erstreckt, wobei der Körper (10) eine Innenwand (20) sowie eine Außenwand (22) aufweist, die zwischen sich einen Raum (14) definieren, der sich um die Längsachse herum erstreckt, wobei in dem Raum Strahlenschutzeinrichtungen (18) sowie Wärmeleiteinrichtungen (16) untergebracht sind,
    wobei die Wärmeleiteinrichtungen eine Vielzahl von Wärmeleitelementen (31) enthalten, die je innen eine Aushöhlung (32) definieren, die sich in der Länge in einer Leitrichtung (36) erstreckt, die von der Innenwand (20) zur Außenwand (22) geht, wobei diese Richtung einer radialen oder im Wesentlichen radialen Richtung des seitlichen Verpackungskörpers entspricht,
    wobei die Aushöhlung (32) mindestens eines Teils der Wärmeleitelemente (31) mindestens teilweise mit einem festen Strahlenschutzmaterial gefüllt ist, und das feste Strahlenschutzmaterial sich mindestens an eines der Wärmeleitelemente (31) außen und ebenfalls innen im Bereich seiner Aushöhlung (32) anpasst,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens bestimmte der Wärmeleitelemente (31) je eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische Form haben,
    und dass die Wärmeleitelemente (31) und die Aushöhlungen (32), die sie definieren, sich je gemäß einer Länge im Wesentlichen gleich dem Abstand erstrecken, der die Innenwand (20) und die Außenwand (22) in der Leitrichtung (36) voneinander trennt.
  2. Verpackung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens bestimmte der Wärmeleitelemente (31) sich je in einem Stück gemäß einer Länge im Wesentlichen gleich dem Abstand erstrecken, der die Innen- und Außenwand in der Leitrichtung (36) trennt.
  3. Verpackung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeleitelemente (31) zusammen ein Netz von Aushöhlungen (32) formen, das im Querschnitt gemäß mindestens einer Ebene, die parallel zur Längsachse (8) ist und dieses Netz durchquert, mindestens einen Bereich aufweist, dessen Aushöhlungsdichte einen Wert von mehr als oder gleich 100 Aushöhlungen/m2 aufweist.
  4. Verpackung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens bestimmte der Wärmeleitelemente (31) mit Hilfe einer oder mehrerer Wabenstrukturen (30) hergestellt werden, wobei jede Wabenzelle die Aushöhlung (32) eines Wärmeleitelements bildet.
  5. Verpackung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Wabenstruktur mit Bohrungen (46) ausgestattet ist, die die Zellen (32) miteinander verbinden.
  6. Verpackung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens bestimmte der Wärmeleitelemente (31) mit Hilfe von unabhängigen Elementen hergestellt werden, die einen Abstand zueinander aufweisen.
  7. Behälter (1) für den Transport und/oder die Zwischenlagerung radioaktiver Materialien, der eine Verpackung (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche enthält.
EP11722101.0A 2010-06-02 2011-05-31 Kanister für den transport und/oder die aufbewahrung radioaktiver materialien mit verbesserten wärmeleitungsmitteln Active EP2577678B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1054299A FR2961005B1 (fr) 2010-06-02 2010-06-02 Emballage pour le transport et/ou entreposage de matieres radioactives, comprenant des moyens de conduction thermique ameliores
PCT/EP2011/058947 WO2011151325A1 (fr) 2010-06-02 2011-05-31 Emballage pour le transport et/ou entreposage de matieres radioactives, comprenant des moyens de conduction thermique ameliores

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2577678A1 EP2577678A1 (de) 2013-04-10
EP2577678B1 EP2577678B1 (de) 2014-04-09
EP2577678B2 true EP2577678B2 (de) 2018-07-11

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US (1) US20130206361A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2577678B2 (de)
JP (1) JP5889287B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101811401B1 (de)
CN (1) CN103026421A (de)
ES (1) ES2479716T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2961005B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2011151325A1 (de)

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CN104240783B (zh) * 2014-09-22 2016-12-07 中国核电工程有限公司 一种高温气冷堆新燃料元件运输贮存容器
KR101599744B1 (ko) 2015-07-07 2016-03-08 한국수력원자력 주식회사 원통 모듈형 경수로 사용후핵연료 건식저장 방법
FR3042635B1 (fr) * 2015-10-16 2017-12-15 Tn Int Element de refroidissement avec embase pour evacuer de la chaleur d'un emballage
CN109416949B (zh) * 2016-07-01 2023-05-26 霍尔泰克国际公司 用于存储和/或运输乏核燃料的容器
FR3060192B1 (fr) * 2016-12-09 2019-05-17 Tn International Emballage de transport et/ou d'entreposage de matieres radioactives comprenant un systeme de communication fluidique ameliore entre l'interieur et l'exterieur de l'enceinte de confinement
FR3080705B1 (fr) * 2018-04-27 2020-10-30 Tn Int Emballage de transport et/ou d'entreposage de matieres radioactives permettant une fabrication facilitee ainsi qu'une amelioration de la conduction thermique
EP4073824A4 (de) * 2019-12-11 2023-11-01 GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas LLC Passive wärmeabfuhrbehälter und verfahren zur verwendung derselben
US11437159B2 (en) 2019-12-11 2022-09-06 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc Passive heat removal casks and methods of using the same

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JP2013533958A (ja) 2013-08-29
FR2961005A1 (fr) 2011-12-09
ES2479716T3 (es) 2014-07-24
US20130206361A1 (en) 2013-08-15
KR20130080448A (ko) 2013-07-12
CN103026421A (zh) 2013-04-03
JP5889287B2 (ja) 2016-03-22
WO2011151325A1 (fr) 2011-12-08
EP2577678B1 (de) 2014-04-09
EP2577678A1 (de) 2013-04-10
KR101811401B1 (ko) 2017-12-22

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