EP2569580B1 - Contrôle personnalisé du confort thermique d'un occupant d'un bâtiment - Google Patents

Contrôle personnalisé du confort thermique d'un occupant d'un bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2569580B1
EP2569580B1 EP11719003.3A EP11719003A EP2569580B1 EP 2569580 B1 EP2569580 B1 EP 2569580B1 EP 11719003 A EP11719003 A EP 11719003A EP 2569580 B1 EP2569580 B1 EP 2569580B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
occupant
parameter
comfort
control method
hvac
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11719003.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2569580A1 (fr
Inventor
Romain Nouvel
Franck Alessi
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/30—Velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
    • F24F2120/20—Feedback from users

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning (HVAC) system and a heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning system implementing such a method. It also relates to a medium comprising software implementing such a method. Finally, it also concerns a building equipped with such an HVAC system.
  • HVAC heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning
  • HVAC heating-ventilation-air conditioning
  • Such an approach generally uses the so-called thermal sensation model of Fanger and calculates a theoretical comfort index of an occupant, called PMV on the basis of its Anglo-Saxon definition "Predicted Mean Vote", based on four environmental parameters, the indoor air temperature (Ta), the air velocity (Va), the average radiative temperature (Tr), the relative humidity (RH), and from the two parameters specific to an occupant explained above, the metabolism (met) and the cloak (clo).
  • PMV the thermal sensation model of Fanger and calculates a theoretical comfort index of an occupant, called PMV on the basis of its Anglo-Saxon definition "Predicted Mean Vote”, based on four environmental parameters, the indoor air temperature (Ta), the air velocity (Va), the average radiative temperature (Tr), the relative humidity (RH), and from the two parameters specific to an occupant explained above, the metabolism (met) and the cloak (clo).
  • the correction consists of the modification of only one or even several parameter specific to the occupant, without modification of the other elements of the calculation.
  • the invention also relates to a computer medium comprising a computer program implementing the steps of the method of controlling a heating and / or air conditioning and / or ventilation (HVAC) system as described above.
  • HVAC heating and / or air conditioning and / or ventilation
  • the invention also relates to a heating and / or air conditioning and / or ventilation (HVAC) system comprising a heating and / or air conditioning device and / or a ventilation device, one or more sensors for measuring at least one environmental parameter, a control means comprising actuators for modifying the operating conditions of the HVAC system according to at least one calculated reference value, characterized in that it comprises means for taking into account the real thermal sensation at least one occupant and a means for implementing the control method as described above.
  • HVAC heating and / or air conditioning and / or ventilation
  • the invention also relates to a building characterized in that it comprises a heating and / or air conditioning and / or ventilation system implementing the control method as described above.
  • the invention also relates to a human machine interface of a heating and / or air conditioning and / or ventilation (HVAC) system comprising means for capturing the real thermal sensation of an occupant of a building.
  • HVAC heating and / or air conditioning and / or ventilation
  • the Man Machine Interface can offer the possibility of inputting from six different thermal sensation levels, three "warm” levels and three "cold” levels, and / or may include displaying at least one suggestion to improve comfort.
  • the embodiment of the invention defines an HVAC system comprising an individual ventilation system 2 coordinated with a heating and air conditioning system 3 (these two functions may alternatively be separated), adapted for a tertiary building 1, and more generally for any enclosed space, such as an enclosure of a transport vehicle, housing, etc.
  • the operation of the HVAC system is controlled by a hardware-based and / or software-based device based on controlled parameters such as air (Va), for acting on thermal actuators and / or a (2015), not shown, to define the chosen operation of heating and air conditioning and ventilation systems.
  • the device comprises measurement sensors 6, connected to a calculation means 7 to implement the steps of a control method of the HVAC system, which will be described below.
  • the HVAC system further comprises a means of taking into account the real thermal sensation of the occupants, in particular by means of intervention of an occupant 4.
  • this means is based on a personal man-machine interface 5 to each occupant 4 of the building 1, by which he will grasp his thermal sensation felt among several predefined choices, and whose result is transmitted to the calculation means 7 for its consideration.
  • the figure 2 represents an example of a human machine interface (HMI) 5, in the form of a housing comprising actuating buttons and a screen for displaying information, such as environmental parameters, energy consumption, as well as evaluation of the thermal comfort of the occupant realized by the control of the HVAC system.
  • HMI human machine interface
  • This human machine interface 5 proposes to an occupant 4 the choice between six different thermal sensations distributed around the central value corresponding to the desired comfort. For example, an occupant may indicate that he is hot, very hot or too hot or that he feels cold, cold, or too cold.
  • the human machine interface 5 allows it to be entered by simply pressing one of the six control buttons 8 among the six choices defined above.
  • the human machine interface may be in the form of a touch screen or an application on his computer or a portable object such as a phone. As a remark, the occupant does not perform any action when he is satisfied with his thermal comfort.
  • the thermal comfort control of an occupant is based on the Fanger model presented previously. This model defines seven levels of thermal sensation corresponding to a PMV comfort index and a percentage of people dissatisfied with their thermal comfort PPD.
  • PMV PPD Associated thermal sensation 3 100% Very hot 2 76.8% Hot +1 26.1% Slightly warm 0 5% Neutral -1 26.1% Fresh -2 76.8% Cold -3 100% Very cold
  • the so-called neutral thermal sensation for which the thermal comfort index PVM takes a zero value, corresponds to the optimal comfort.
  • the CVC system of the embodiment of the invention uses a man-machine interface comprising six control buttons corresponding to the six thermal sensations around the desired neutral value, as defined by the Fanger model.
  • a man-machine interface comprising six control buttons corresponding to the six thermal sensations around the desired neutral value, as defined by the Fanger model.
  • any other choice to quantify the thermal sensation of the occupant is possible.
  • the invention relates to a method of controlling an HVAC system as defined above, which therefore takes into account the real thermal sensation of each occupant of the building.
  • the real thermal sensation is thus defined as that directly felt by an occupant, that he can evaluate in a qualitative way and associate with a real thermal comfort that he deduced directly from its real thermal sensation.
  • the control method of an HVAC system is based on a calculation of a theoretical comfort parameter, which seeks to get as close as possible to the real theoretical comfort felt in order to obtain a relevant and efficient control of the HVAC system.
  • the control method uses values of the occupant's own parameters, metabolism (met) and cloak (clo), which are initialized on the basis of predefined hypotheses. These initial values may depend on the season, the type of activity in the room, the habits of the occupants, etc.
  • at least one of the own parameters of an occupant is modified, corrected, when the occupant indicates, by actuating a button of the HMI, that its real thermal sensation away from the neutral value sought.
  • the figure 3 represents the algorithm implemented by the HVAC control method of a building according to the embodiment of the invention, which applies to each occupant of the building, which is divided into thermal zones per occupant.
  • These different thermal zones of the building may correspond to different rooms or to different areas of the same space each having an indoor temperature control terminal, for example in the case of open-plan offices of the "open space" type.
  • a first step 10 the two parameters specific to an occupant, the metabolism puts and the clothing clo, according to the chosen calculation model, are initialized to a predefined value, as explained above. These initial values may depend on the occupants, the season, etc.
  • the four parameters representing the indoor environment at the level of the occupant used in the Fanger model, the indoor air temperature Ta, the average radiative temperature Tr, the air speed goes to the level of the occupant, the relative humidity RH, are measured in the thermal zone considered, or alternatively deduced by a calculation model.
  • the HVAC system includes one or more adapted sensors 6 located in each controlled area of the building. The measurements obtained may possibly be corrected by calculation models.
  • the PMV thermal comfort parameter associated with the occupant is calculated, as defined by the Fanger model of the state of the art, from the two own parameters of the occupant and the four parameters. environmental issues, as recalled earlier.
  • This parameter of thermal comfort is therefore a parameter of theoretical comfort, noted PMValgo. It is calculated for each occupant of the building.
  • a control block calculates set values (Ta_set; Va_set) for the HVAC system of each zone of the building so that the PMValgo associated with each occupant converges to the comfort range defined previously, with a minimal energy consumption.
  • Ta_set calculated by this control block is common to all occupants of the same heat zone, where Va_set in the case of a personal ventilation system may be different for each occupant.
  • the method implements a regulation in a known manner that allows, by acting on different actuators to modify the operation of the HVAC system, to modify the values of the environmental parameters of the zone in question to converge towards the setpoint values.
  • the control block checks whether the environmental conditions of the thermal zone concerned have reached a stable state, that is to say if the control mechanism implemented has made it possible to converge towards the values of defined setpoints.
  • the duration of convergence of this transient phase corresponds to the time constant of the system.
  • the HVAC system is in a transient state, which can be indicated by a message such as "in processing" displayed on the HMI.
  • Such a state tells an occupant that the environmental conditions are changing and that even if he feels a sense of discomfort at the moment, he can not intervene on the system and must wait.
  • a seventh step 16 consists in calculating the error between the theoretical comfort parameter PMValgo calculated previously and the actual comfort parameter PMVihm representative of the current thermal sensation of the occupant.
  • the control method modifies the single metabolism parameter sets a new value met * which will be called the resulting metabolism, and leaves unchanged the clo cloak parameter.
  • the metabolic parameter is chosen as a personal adjustment parameter since it depends more specifically on the occupant, varies a lot according to people, their age, sex, body size, height, health, etc., while cloak clothing is more related to the season and climate than to the occupant.
  • the method could be implemented by modifying only clo cladding or by modifying only these two parameters met, clo.
  • the CVC system implements a ninth step 18, which consists in detecting a possible excess of an occupant. For this purpose, it checks whether the new parameter specific to the occupant remains within a predefined reasonable range. Thus, if the new metabolic value puts * out of a predefined range [met inf ; put sup ], it is considered that the demand of the occupant is excessive. This is indicated to him via the human machine interface, and the control method retains the old met metabolism value. Otherwise the new value puts * replaces the old value.
  • an automatic suggestion can be developed and proposed to the occupant via the man-machine interface. This suggestion may, for example, relate to the clothing of the occupant, suggest that he remove or to add a jacket. It can also consist of a warning about its energy consumption. In such a case of excess, it is up to the occupant to act, the control method not changing its parameters.
  • the control process of the HVAC system continues and repeats the previous steps from the second step 11. If the value of the metabolism is changed, the value of the PMValgo theoretical comfort index also changes and the method drives the system to modify its initial stable state so that the theoretical thermal comfort parameter returns to the predefined comfort range.
  • the control method therefore implements additional steps of interaction with each occupant of the building, as previously discussed.
  • an occupant has the possibility of acting on the control of the HVAC system via the man-machine interface during a step 22, when the system has reached a stable state, as indicated previously.
  • a possible suggestion may be proposed to him in a step 23 in case of excess on his part.
  • the HVAC system will change its operation taking into account the real thermal sensation of the occupant, and will converge to a new stable state in which the thermal comfort will satisfy the occupant.
  • control method has been illustrated by way of example. It could be applied for certain areas of a building, even for a portion of its occupants without departing from the concept of the invention.
  • a system comprising a heating and air conditioning device and a ventilation device individual, which is advantageous for obtaining an optimal personalized comfort.
  • it could be applied without heating or air conditioning, for a specific system for example in summer or winter.
  • it could be implemented without control of a ventilation device, or alternatively for the sole control of a ventilation device.
  • the invention can finally be implemented on any thermal system including at least one of the parameters as the temperature is regulated from a variable setpoint.
  • control method of the invention has been illustrated by applying the thermal model of Fanger. It remains naturally applicable for any variant of this model or any other model that uses at least one parameter specific to a building occupant to calculate a parameter for estimating the comfort of an occupant.
  • the influence on the PMV of relative humidity is low for temperatures close to comfort (see ISO7730), as long as its value remains within the recommended comfort range of relative humidity [30%; 70%], its value can be chosen constant, possibly at 50%, in temperate countries.
  • the air velocity is generally capped at 1 m / s to remain in the range of validity of the model PMV / PPD as well as to avoid a phenomenon of air current and thus local discomfort.
  • This second step 17 is understood as the correction of only the parameter (s) specific (s) to the occupant, without modification of the other parameters of the calculation, their taking into account.
  • the control method thus defined allows the calculation of a theoretical thermal comfort parameter (PVMalgo) for several occupants of the same zone, and then performing the correction step for at least one of the occupants of the zone.
  • PVMalgo theoretical thermal comfort parameter
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an example of implementation of the control method of an HVAC system as previously explained, during a winter day (ventilation system off), for an occupant characterized by its own two parameters puts real and real clo (unknown of the control algorithm) and its real PMV thermal sensation.
  • curves 30, 31 respectively represent the evolution in time of the theoretical thermal sensations PVMalgo and real PVMreel of an occupant (both multiplied by 10 for the sake of readability on the graph), these two indices being naturally zero in the periods of vacancy, that is, in the morning for t ⁇ t 0 and in the evening for t> t 2 .
  • the curves 32, 33, 34 respectively represent the evolution over time of the air temperature curves Ta, and the radiative average temperature Tr in the room, and the outside temperature Text.
  • the change of the HVAC system setpoints is concretely translated by a command to the heating actuator to increase the temperature of the indoor air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
EP11719003.3A 2010-05-12 2011-05-11 Contrôle personnalisé du confort thermique d'un occupant d'un bâtiment Not-in-force EP2569580B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1053752A FR2960045B1 (fr) 2010-05-12 2010-05-12 Controle personnalise du confort thermique d'un occupant d'un batiment
PCT/EP2011/057601 WO2011141506A1 (fr) 2010-05-12 2011-05-11 Contrôle personnalisé du confort thermique d'un occupant d'un bâtiment

Publications (2)

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EP2569580A1 EP2569580A1 (fr) 2013-03-20
EP2569580B1 true EP2569580B1 (fr) 2018-09-05

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US (1) US20130048263A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP2569580B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2013526696A (ja)
KR (1) KR20130092970A (ja)
CN (1) CN103003637B (ja)
AU (1) AU2011252057B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR112012028714A2 (ja)
FR (1) FR2960045B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2011141506A1 (ja)
ZA (1) ZA201208499B (ja)

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US8700227B2 (en) * 2011-03-11 2014-04-15 Honeywell International Inc. Room thermal comfort monitor

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AU2011252057B2 (en) 2015-01-15
CN103003637B (zh) 2016-07-06
KR20130092970A (ko) 2013-08-21
AU2011252057A1 (en) 2012-12-06
FR2960045A1 (fr) 2011-11-18
EP2569580A1 (fr) 2013-03-20
FR2960045B1 (fr) 2012-07-20
JP2013526696A (ja) 2013-06-24
US20130048263A1 (en) 2013-02-28
ZA201208499B (en) 2014-01-29
CN103003637A (zh) 2013-03-27
BR112012028714A2 (pt) 2016-07-19
WO2011141506A1 (fr) 2011-11-17

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