EP2548574B1 - Nouvel anticorps monoclonal humanisé anti-cd20 - Google Patents

Nouvel anticorps monoclonal humanisé anti-cd20 Download PDF

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EP2548574B1
EP2548574B1 EP11755625.8A EP11755625A EP2548574B1 EP 2548574 B1 EP2548574 B1 EP 2548574B1 EP 11755625 A EP11755625 A EP 11755625A EP 2548574 B1 EP2548574 B1 EP 2548574B1
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antibody
sequence
seq
variable region
humanized
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EP2548574A1 (fr
EP2548574A4 (fr
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Jie Liu
Yongke Zhang
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Bioex Therapeutics Inc
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Bioex Therapeutics Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2887—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against CD20
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/04—Drugs for skeletal disorders for non-specific disorders of the connective tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A61P21/04—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system for myasthenia gravis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
    • C07K2317/732—Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
    • C07K2317/734—Complement-dependent cytotoxicity [CDC]

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the biomedical field, particularly to the techniques of humanized monoclonal antibodies, recombinant DNA as well as the expression of antibodies.
  • the humanized anti-CD20 antibody according to the present invention further reduces the immunogenicity while maintains outstanding activity of antigen recognition and in vivo and/or in vitro anti-tumor activity, thus provides better clinical application.
  • CD20 molecule with a molecule weight of about 35kDa, is one of members of MS4A protein family which has four transmembrane domains and contains both their C and N ends within the cell ( Cragg, et al, Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. 8: 140-174 ).
  • CD20 as a membrane protein which expresses on the surface of B lymphocytes, closely relates to Ca 2+ conductance in B lymphocytes and regulates the differentiation and proliferation of B lymphocytes.
  • CD20 is exclusively expressed on pre-B lymphocytes, premature B lymphocytes, mature B lymphocytes and activated B lymphocytes, but absent in plasma cells, lymphoid pluripotent stem cell cells and other tissues. The natural ligand of CD20 is still unknown.
  • CD20 is highly expressed by more than 90% B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
  • CD20 is an ideal target for antibody therapy of B-cell lymphoma ( Blood 63 (6): 1424-1433, 1984 ).
  • the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been proved to have an outstanding in vivo and in vitro effect on B-cell lymphoma ( Reff ME et al, Cancer Control 2002; 9:152-66 ).
  • anti-CD20 antibody may kill tumor cells through ADCC ( Clynes RA et al.
  • Rituximab is a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody containing variable region derived from murine monoclonal antibody and constant region from human IgG1 heavy and ⁇ light chain ( Gopal and Press, J Lab Clin Med, 1999; 134:445-450 ).
  • Zevalin is a murine monoclonal antibody conjugated with radionuclide 90 Y .
  • Bexxar is murine monoclonal antibody conjugated with radionuclide 131 I.
  • Treatment of refectory NHL with rituximab only achieved a response rate of around 50%; when combined with chemotherapy drug, the response rate can reach up to 90-100%.
  • CD20 is also expressed in hairy cell leukemia and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, more and more indications for anti-CD20 therapy have been applied recently.
  • Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy, has provided satisfying effect on chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( Cheson, et al. 2006, Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 55: 188-196 .). Due to its efficient therapeutic effect and less side effects, rituximab became one of the bestselling anti-cancer drugs with close to 5 billion sales in 2008.
  • B cells also play a central role in pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.
  • Many autoimmune diseases are associated with abnormal activation of B-cell, production of autoantibody and mediation of autoimmune response. Examples include acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, lupus nephritis, lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • the most common treatments are corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs, which can be very toxic. These drugs have adverse effects on the bone marrow, liver and kidney, also suppress the entire immune system and result in serious infection.
  • Rituximab is effective on decreasing B lymphocytes in vivo. Such treatment can eliminate auto-antibodies produced by B cells.
  • Rituximab is furthermore found use in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, wherein it has been shown to markedly improve symptoms.
  • Rituximab has been approved by FDA for patients suffered from moderate to advanced rheumatoid arthritis ( Summers et al, 2005. Ann. Pharmacother. 39: 2091-2095 ).
  • the biggest problem of administrating therapeutic antibody is the immune response resulting from the human response to foreign antibody protein, namely anti-antibody reaction (AAR).
  • AAR anti-antibody reaction
  • the murine antibody working as foreign protein, can stimulate the human body repeatedly and lead to hyper allergic reaction, namely human anti-mouse antibody reaction (HAMA).
  • HAMA human anti-mouse antibody reaction
  • HAMA human anti-mouse antibody reaction
  • HAMA human anti-mouse antibody reaction
  • HAMA human anti-mouse antibody reaction
  • HAMA human anti-mouse antibody reaction
  • HAMA human anti-mouse antibody reaction
  • HAMA human anti-mouse antibody reaction
  • rituximab is human-mouse chimeric antibody comprising human Fc fragment, it still contains murine antibody sequence in the variable region of both heavy chain and light chain.
  • the murine derived sequence was considered foreign to human system and causes immunogenicity that leads to production of neutralizing antibody and reduces drug efficacy when administered constantly. Especially in the cases of long period treatment with a lower dose, it is more likely to have immunogenicity. Higher immunogenicity of rituximab was exhibited in its treatment of autoimmune disease (such as SLE) than that of NHL ( Cartron G. et al, Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 62 ).
  • CDR graft became major procedure of humanization of antibody ( Riechman et al. Nature, 332:323-327, 1988 ). Such technique reduces the immunogenicity caused by mouse frame sequence through grafting mouse CDR regions onto framework of human antibody.
  • this technique has created humanized anti-CD20 antibody 2H7 ( Genentech, CN 101418045A ), A20 mAb (Immunomedics, Inc., CN 1662557A ) and H1286/L373 (VACCINEX), 1K1791 mAb (Osaka University, WO 2009031230 A1 ) as well as 9D3 mAb (CP Guojian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd).
  • the humanized antibody of the present invention is based on the sequence of murine 2B8 ( Reff, M. E.et al (1994) Blood 83:435-445 ) and the humanization method described in this application.
  • humanized 2B8 molecules were created with much lower immunogenicity.
  • CDR sequence can be further modified to maintain or improve antigen recognition and in vivo and/or in vitro anti-tumor activity.
  • humanized anti-CD20 antibodies also have widely application in the treatment of abnormal activation of B cell and autoimmune diseases.
  • Sigrid R. Ruuls et al. disclose an approach to improve the efficacy of antibody therapeutics illustrated by development of three monoclonal antibodies for various cancer indications: zanolimumab (directed against CD4), ofatumumab (directed against CD20) and zalutumumab (directed against epidermal growth factor receptor).
  • Van Walle, et al. disclose immunogenicity screening in protein drug development with particular focus on the screening of immunogenicity of therapeutic antibodies.
  • the present invention relates to a humanized anti-CD20 antibody as defined in the appended claims wherein, the heavy chain variable region of the antibody consists of the amino acids sequence of SEQ ID NO:16; and the light chain variable region consists of amino acids sequence of SEQ ID SEQ ID NO:35 as well as human IgG1 heavy chain constant region and human ⁇ light constant region.
  • the humanized anti-CD20 antibody is the antibody as shown in Table 1, that is humanized antibody 1534, 1634, 1535, 1635 or 3637.
  • the antibody may be a monovalent antibody, multivalent antibody, single chain antibody, antibody having single antigen binding arm, or antibody having Fc region modified for the purpose of toxic agent conjugation.
  • the present invention relates to a DNA molecule that encodes the antibody described above.
  • RNA molecule that encodes the said antibody, or contains the complementary sequence of DNA sequence that encodes the antibody described above.
  • the present invention relates to an expression vector that comprises a DNA molecule encoding the antibody described above.
  • the present invention relates to a host cell that comprises vector, said vector contains a DNA molecule encoding the antibody described above.
  • the present invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising the antibody described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention relates to a composition that contains the antibody described above and preparation formulated from a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, said composition is used for clinical treatment of B cell lymphoma, leukemia and various autoimmune diseases associated with B cell which are selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • composition within the container, said composition comprises the antibody described above.
  • the present invention relates to humanized CD20-binding antibody as described above for use in the treatment of CD20 positive B cell lymphoma, B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, autoimmune diseases, which are selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Also disclosed herein is a method for screening and preparing the humanized antibody as described above: analyzing the sequence of variable region of heavy chain of murine anti-CD20 antibody 2B8; aligning sequence of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of variable region of heavy chain with sequence database of human antibody genes; identifying corresponding sequences of human germline antibody variable region (which has much lower immunogenicity than mature antibody) which are similar to the sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of heavy chain variable region of murine antibody 2B8; then analyzing the binding affinity of said sequence with HLA-DR molecule by in-silicon analysis (such as using NetMHCIIpan software or self-designed software); selecting the framework sequence with the lowest affinity; and as such finally determining the humanized sequence of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of heavy chain variable region.
  • in-silicon analysis such as using NetMHCIIpan software or self-designed software
  • an in-silicon molecular modeling is used to analyze the stereo structure of variable region of murine 2B8 anti-CD20 antibody; and then the corresponding framework amino acid residues of murine 2B8 necessary for the maintenance of CDR configuration are determined (linear positions adjacent to CDR antigen binding site or amino acid residues located within 6 ⁇ away from CDR); various combinations of sequences of humanized heavy chain variable region (preferably said sequence) are designed.
  • variable region of light chain of murine anti-CD20 antibody 2B8 analyzing the sequence of variable region of light chain of murine anti-CD20 antibody 2B8; aligning sequence of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of variable region of light chain with sequence database of human antibody genes (NCBI Ig BLAST); identifying corresponding sequences of human germline antibody variable region which are similar to the sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of light chain variable region of murine antibody 2B8; then analyzing the binding affinity of said sequence with HLA-DR molecule by using in-silicon analysis; selecting the framework sequence with the lowest affinity; and as such finally determining the humanized sequence of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of light chain variable region.
  • sequence database of human antibody genes NCBI Ig BLAST
  • an in-silicon molecular modeling is used to analyze the stereo structure of variable region of murine 2B8 anti-CD20 antibody; and then the corresponding framework amino acid residues of murine 2B8 necessary for the maintenance of CDR configuration are determined; various combinations of sequences of humanized light chain variable region are designed.
  • molecular docking method can be used to analyze the stereo binding of the epitope of CD20 ( 170 ANPS 173 ) and its surrounding amino acid residues 168 E, 169 P, 174 E and 175 K to humanized heavy chain variable region.
  • the amino acids in sequence of CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 can be optimized to improve the binding of CDR region to CD20 antigenic epitope, and thus obtain antibody with better activity.
  • the heavy chain variable region has SEQ ID NO: 36;
  • variable region of HC and LC obtained as above are connected to constant region of HC and LC, preferably constant region of HC of IgG1 and constant region ⁇ of LC derived from healthy human B lymphocyte.
  • constant region of HC and LC preferably constant region of HC of IgG1 and constant region ⁇ of LC derived from healthy human B lymphocyte.
  • the present invention provides a novel humanized anti-CD20 antibody characterized by the further decreased immunogenicity of humanized antibody.
  • the antibody consists of the HC variable region amino acid sequence that is identical to SEQ ID No. 16 and LC variable region amino acid sequence that is identical to SEQ ID No.35.
  • the antibody according to the invention can also be generated by CDR optimization at the position shown in Figure 10 and at the position shown in Figure 11 in order to maintain and enhance its biological activity.
  • the humanized anti-CD20 antibodies generated by various combinations of HC and LC are shown in Table 1.
  • the antibody according to the present invention can be a monovalent antibody, a multivalent antibody or a single chain antibody. Disclosed is a method of inhibiting CD20 positive B lymphocyte by using such antibody, as well as the use thereof in the field of medicine.
  • Fc fragment of the antibody according to the present invention can also be modified to improve the function of effector.
  • substitution or glycosylation of one or more amino acids in Fc region may enhance the function of effector and thus enhance antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • ADCC antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  • CDC complement dependent cytotoxicity
  • Fc fragment of the antibody according to the present invention can also be conjugated with radioisotope, chemotherapy drug or toxin, and thus enhances antibody cytotoxicity.
  • VH FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 were compared with sequence database of human antibody gene (NCBI Ig BLAST), so as to identify corresponding sequences of human germline antibody variable region (which has much lower immunogenicity than mature antibody) which are similar to the sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of heavy chain variable region of murine antibody 2B8.
  • FR1 SEQ ID No. 3
  • FR2 SEQ ID No. 5/SEQ ID No. 6
  • FR3 SEQ ID No.8 and SEQ ID No. 9
  • FR4 SEQ ID No. 14.
  • VL FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 were compared with sequence database of human antibody gene (NCBI Ig BLAST) so as to identify corresponding sequences of human germline antibody variable region which are similar to the sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of light chain variable region of murine antibody 2B8.
  • sequence database of human antibody gene NCBI Ig BLAST
  • the binding affinity of said sequence with HLA-DR molecule was analyzed by in-silicon analysis.
  • the framework sequences with lowest affinity were identified, and finally, the humanized sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of light chain variable region were respectively determined as SEQ ID No. 18, SEQ ID No. 21, SEQ ID No.
  • molecular docking method can be used to analyze the stereo binding of the epitope of CD20 ( 170 ANPS 173 ) and its surrounding amino acid residues 168 E, 169 P, 174 E and 175 K to humanized heavy chain variable region.
  • the amino acids in sequence of CDR1, CDR 2 and CDR 3 can be optimized to improve the binding of CDR region to CD20 antigenic epitope, and thus obtain antibody with better activity.
  • the heavy chain variable region has the following sequence: QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSYTMHWVRQAPGKGLEWIGAIYPGNSDTNYNQKFKGRVTITADKSTSTA YMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSTYYGGDWNFEVWGQGTTVTVSS (Seq ID No: 36), ( Fig. 10 , hVH-2).
  • the light chain variable region of antibody has the following sequence: DVVMTQSPAFLSVTPGEKVTITCRASSSVSYIHWFQQKPGKAPKPLIYATSNLASGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTINSLEA EDAATYYCQQWTSKPPTFGGGTKVEIK(Seq ID No: 37), ( Fig. 11 , hVK-2).
  • the resulting humanized antibodies according to present invention posses the following combination: Table 1.
  • Table 1 Combinations of humanized anti-CD20 antibodies
  • Antibody VH SEQ ID V ⁇ SEQ ID 1534 15 34 1634 16 34 1535 15 35 1635 16 35 3637 36 37
  • humanized anti-CD20 antibodies have the activity of binding to CD20, and have the activity for inducing ADCC, CDC and inducing the apoptosis of CD20 positive malignant B cells (see examples).
  • the constant region of heavy chain was derived from human IgG1, and the constant region of light chain was derived from human ⁇ chain, both were from normal human B lymphocytes.
  • the full length gene of HC and LC of antibody were generated by connecting variable region to constant region by using genetic engineering (overlap extension PCR).
  • the DNA sequence encoding a humanized anti-CD20 can be recombined to construct vector for transcription and expression in mammalian cells.
  • the expression vector according to present invention comprises DNA sequences encoding both variable region and constant region of heavy and light chain from human derived anti-CD20 mAb.
  • two expression vectors can be constructed respectively, one comprises heavy chain variable and constant regions, and the other comprises light chain variable and constant regions. Mammalian cells were transfected with both vectors simultaneously.
  • the expression vector further comprises a promoter and DNA sequence encoding secretion signal peptide, as well as at least one drug resistance gene for screening.
  • the methods as used include DNA synthetic techniques and in vitro recombinant techniques.
  • the vector suitable for the present invention can be viral or non-viral.
  • a viral vector includes an adenovirus, AAV, herpes simplex virus, lentivirus and retrovirus vectors.
  • Non-viral vector is a plasmid.
  • Methods for producing recombinant antibodies comprise (i) linearizing the expression vector which comprises the DNA sequence encoding the humanized anti-CD20 mAb according to present invention, (ii) transfecting mammalian cells with said linearized vector, in which the light and heavy chains can be co-transfected into a single cell by using separate vectors or by using a single expression vector that contains the coding genes for both the light and heavy chain, (iii) selecting transfected cells which express drug resistance gene, and (iv) separating the cells which secret the humanized anti-CD20 mAb according to the present invention.
  • the nucleotides encoding the antibody according to present invention may be directly introduced into a host cell, and the cell can be incubated under conditions which are sufficient to induce expression of the encoded antibody.
  • Any cell suitable for expression may be used as a host cell.
  • a mammalian cell line that generally does not produce antibodies is used, such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NS0 cells, SP2/0 cells, Cos-7 cells and other mammalian cells such as PER.C6 cells.
  • Suitable methods include electroporation, lipofactemine, gene gun technology, calcium phosphate precipitation, direct microinjection and the like. The choice of method is generally dependent on the type of cell to be transformed and on the circumstances under which the transformation takes place.
  • recombinant plasmid For long-term, high-yield production of recombinant antibodies, stable expression may be used.
  • the drug resistance gene in recombinant plasmid makes it possible to screen cell colonies that can be cloned, wherein plasmid has been stably integrated into chromosome.
  • the transformed cells are cultured in a series of bioreactors to amplify the cells which is inoculated.
  • Anti-CD20 antibodies are produced and accumulated in culture.
  • the transfected cells are cultured, according to methods known in the art, in a liquid medium containing similar carbon source (carbohydrates such as glucose or lactose), nitrogen source (amino acids, peptides, proteins or their degradation products such as peptones, ammonium salts and the like), and inorganic salts (sulfates, phosphates and/or carbonates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium).
  • carbon source carbohydrates such as glucose or lactose
  • nitrogen source amino acids, peptides, proteins or their degradation products such as peptones, ammonium salts and the like
  • inorganic salts sulfates, phosphates and/or carbonates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium.
  • the cultivation medium preferably includes a conventional nutrient medium such as Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (Sigma), Ham's F10 (Sigma), Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) (Sigma), RPMI-1640 (Sigma) or NCTC-135.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
  • MEM Minimal Essential Medium
  • NCTC-135 NCTC-135.
  • amino acids such as glutamine
  • hormones or other growth factors such as insulin, transferrin, or epidermal growth factor
  • buffers such as nucleotides, ionic surfactants, and glucose or equivalent energy source.
  • the medium can further contain trace elements that promote growth, such as iron chelates (eg., chelate B, Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA) and manganese.
  • culture conditions such as temperature, pH, and the like, should be monitored to ensure rapid cell growth.
  • the obtained antibody molecule of the invention may be purified by any method known in the art.
  • the antibody molecule of the invention can be purified by Protein A affinity chromatography as well as ion exchange chromatography, or by any other standard technique for the purification of proteins.
  • the antibodies according to present invention can be formulated into formulation using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient by conventional methods.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable excipient means one or more organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic ingredients which in combination with antibody can improve its stability, as well as carriers for clinical application.
  • Suitable carrier includes pharmaceutically acceptable sterile saline and aqueous and non-aqueous isotonic sterile solutions and sterile suspension known to those skilled in the art.
  • the antibodies of the present invention especially the formulation consisting of 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM sodium citrate at pH 6.5, dehydrated sodium glycyrrhizinate, 0.05% Polysorbate 80, provides outstanding stability.
  • An effective amount can be determined depending on the individual. The symptoms to be treated and the effect should be, to some extent, taken into consideration. An effective amount can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures of in vitro cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., determining the LD 50 (median lethal dose) and ED 50 (median effective dose).
  • the therapeutic index refers to the ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose, and can be expressed as LD 50 /ED 50 . Therapeutic regime that exhibits higher therapeutic index is preferred.
  • the data obtained from in vitro cell culture assays and animal studies can be used to determine the dosage for human use. Exemplary dosage includes but is not limited to the range of 0.5 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.
  • the dosage for treatment is present within a range of low toxicity or no toxicity ED 50 plasma concentration.
  • a range depending upon the dosage form and the route of administration, may vary.
  • the therapeutically effective dosage may be determined in animal models by estimating peripheral circulatory plasma concentration range for more accurate determination of effective dosage in humans.
  • the antibodies of the present invention may be administered in any pharmaceutically acceptable manner. This may include injection via parenteral routes such as intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intratumor, intraperitoneal, intraventricular, intraepidural, or by catheter (via blood vessels which supply local tumors); or sustained release administration from body surface.
  • parenteral routes such as intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intratumor, intraperitoneal, intraventricular, intraepidural, or by catheter (via blood vessels which supply local tumors); or sustained release administration from body surface.
  • the humanized anti-CD20 antibodies according to present invention are used as the main component for the treatment of diseases caused by B cell abnormality, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphatic leukemias, acute lymphatic leukemias, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, as well as various autoimmune diseases, such as immune-mediated thrombocytopenias, e.g.
  • compositions for treatment comprise at least anti-CD20 antibody alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents such as chemotherapy or immunomodulators.
  • the antibodies of the present invention can also be derived antibodies, including monovalent antibody, multivalent antibody or single chain antibody.
  • the antibodies of the present invention can also be modified antibody, including the improvement in Fc fragment for enhancement of the function of effector.
  • Fc fragment for enhancement of the function of effector.
  • substitution or glycosylation of one or more amino acids in Fc region may enhance the function of effector and thus enhance antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and/or complement dependent cytotoxicity.
  • Fc fragment can also be conjugated with radioisotope, chemotherapy drug or toxin, and thus enhances antibody cytotoxicity.
  • the present invention provides humanized anti-CD20 antibodies with reduced human immunogenicity but maintaining enhanced therapeutic effect.
  • the present invention provides safe and effective drugs for treatment of B cell malignancy and various autoimmune diseases associated with B cell.
  • sequence of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of HC variable region of murine anti-CD20 antibody 2B8 with sequence database of human antibody genes (NCBI Ig BLAST), corresponding sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of human germline antibody variable region (which have much lower immunogenicity than mature antibody) which are similar to the sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of HC variable region of murine antibody 2B8 are identified.
  • Figure 1 shows the FR1 sequence of human germline antibody variable region corresponding to FR1 sequence of murine antibody 2B8 heavy chain variable region (Seq ID No: 1, QVQLQQPGAELVKPGASVKMSCKASGYTFT), the ten resulting human germline antibodies with similar FR1 sequences have two distinct sequences as below:
  • the binding affinity of said sequences to HLA-DR molecules mainly including HLA-DR B1-0101, HLA-DR B1-0301, HLA-DR B1-0401, HLA-DR B1-0701, HLA-DR B1-1101, HLA-DR B1-1301, HLA-DR B1-1501, was done by in silicon analysis.
  • the sequence of original murine FR1 (Seq ID NO: 1) has three potential HLA-DR binding sites, humanized sequence Seq ID No: 2 has two potential HLA-DR binding sites, while humanized sequence Seq ID No: 3 has only one potential HLA-DR binding site. Therefore, Seq ID No: 3 having lower affinity was selected as the framework sequence of humanized HC variable region FR1.
  • Figure 2 shows the FR2 sequence of human germline antibody variable region corresponding to FR2 sequence of murine antibody 2B8 heavy chain variable region (Seq ID No: 4, WVKQTPGRGLEWIG), the ten resulting human germline antibodies with similar FR2 sequences have two distinct sequences as below:
  • Figure 3 shows the FR3 sequence of human germline antibody variable region corresponding to FR3 sequence of murine antibody 2B8 heavy chain variable region (Seq ID No: 7, KATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCAR.), the ten resulting human germline antibodies with similar FR3 sequences have two distinct sequences, these two sequences are:
  • Figure 4 shows the FR4 sequence of human germline antibody variable region corresponding to FR4 sequence of murine antibody 2B8 heavy chain variable region (Seq ID No: 10, WGAGTTVTVSA), the six resulting human germline antibodies with FR4 sequences have 3 distinct sequences, these 3 sequences are:
  • sequence of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of LC variable region of murine anti-CD20 antibody 2B8 with sequence database of human antibody genes (NCBI Ig BLAST), corresponding sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of human germline antibody variable region which are similar to the sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 of LC variable region of murine antibody 2B8 are identified.
  • Figure 5 shows the FR1 sequence of human germline antibody variable region corresponding to FR1 sequence of murine antibody 2B8 light chain variable region (Seq ID No: 17, QIVLSQSPAILSASPGEKVTMTC), the ten resulting human germline antibodies with FR1 sequences have two distinct sequences as below:
  • HLA-DR B1-0101, HLA-DR B1-0301, HLA-DR B1-0401, HLA-DR B1-0701, HLA-DR B1-1101, HLA-DR B1-1301, HLA-DR B1-1501 was analyzed by in silicon analysis.
  • the sequence of original murine FR1 (Seq ID NO: 17) has 4 potential HLA-DR binding sites, humanized sequence Seq ID No: 18 and humanized sequence Seq ID No: 19 have significantly lower affinity at potential HLA-DR binding sites. Therefore, Seq ID No: 18 having lower affinity was selected as the framework sequence of humanized LC variable region FR1.
  • Figure 6 shows the FR2 sequence of human germline antibody variable region corresponding to FR2 sequence of murine antibody 2B8 light chain variable region (Seq ID No: 20, WFQQKPGSSPKPWIY), the 7 resulting human germline antibodies with FR2 sequences have 4 distinct sequences as below:
  • Figure 7 shows the FR3 sequence of human germline antibody variable region corresponding to FR3 sequence of murine antibody 2B8 light chain variable region (Seq ID No: 22, GVPVRFSGSGSGTSYSLTISRVEAEDAATYYC), the 7 resulting FR3 sequences of human germline antibody have 5 distinct sequences as below:
  • Figure 8 shows the FR4 sequence of human germline antibody variable region corresponding to FR4 sequence of murine antibody 2B8 light chain variable region (Seq ID No: 28, WGAGTTVTVSA), the 5 resulting human germline antibodies with FR4 sequences have 5 distinct sequences as below:
  • molecular docking method can be used to analyze the stereo binding of the epitope of CD20 ( 170 ANPS 173 ) and its surrounding amino acid residues 168 E, 169 P, 174 E and 175 K to humanized heavy chain variable region.
  • the amino acids in sequence of CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 can be optimized to improve the binding of CDR region to CD20 antigenic epitope, and thus obtain antibody with better activity.
  • the heavy chain variable region of antibody has the following sequence: QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSYTMHWVRQAPGKGLEWIGAIYPGNSDTNYNQKFKGRVTITADKSTSTA YMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSTYYGGDWNFEVWGQGTTVTVSS (Seq ID No: 36) , ( Fig. 10 , hVH-2).
  • the light chain variable region of antibody has the following sequence: DVVMTQSPAFLSVTPGEKVTITCRASSSVSYIHWFQQKPGKAPKPLIYATSNLASGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTINSLEA EDAATYYCQQWTSKPPTFGGGTKVEIK(Seq ID No: 37), ( Fig. 11 , hVK-2).
  • the resulting humanized antibodies according to present invention posses the following combination: Table 1.
  • Table 1 Combinations of humanized anti-CD20 antibodies
  • Antibody VH SEQ ID V ⁇ SEQ ID 1534 15 34 1634 16 34 1535 15 35 1635 16 35 3637 36 37
  • oligonucleotides fragments of PCR primers for HC and LC variable regions were designed and synthesized. Oligonucleotides fragments of PCR primers are about 54 bases in length with about 18 bases overlap. Equal amount of each primer were mixed together and used for overlap extension PCR reaction.
  • PCR reaction system dNTPs 0.2 ⁇ M (final concentration); each PCR primer 1 ⁇ l; 10 ⁇ buffer 3 ⁇ l; cloned pfu (Invitrogen) 1 ⁇ l; H 2 O was added to 30 ⁇ l.
  • PCR product was isolated and recovered using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, and was further cloned into vector pCR-BluntII-TOPO (Invitrogen) after EcoRI digestion. After transformation into TOPO10 (Invitrogen), 10 colonies were selected from LB/Kanamycin plate and further inoculated into LB liquid culture medium containing Kanamycin. The plasmid was extracted using QIAGEN plasmid extraction kit (QIAquick PCR purification kit), and then the sequences of HC and LC variable region were confirmed by sequencing.
  • QIAGEN plasmid extraction kit QIAquick PCR purification kit
  • RNA was isolated form normal human B cells.
  • the Fc fragment of recombinant human constant region of heavy chain and ⁇ fragment of recombinant human constant region of light chain were generated by PCR, and then they were constructed into the pcDNA3.1 (Invitrogen) expression vector. After transformed into DH5 ⁇ , the plasmid was extracted and the sequence was confirmed by sequencing.
  • the HC variable region was obtained from pCR-BluntII-TOPO positive clone by Eco47III/NheI digestion and cloned into pcDNA3.1-Fc expression vector.
  • the LC variable region was obtained from pCR-BluntII-TOPO positive clone by AscI/BsiWI digestion and cloned into the pcDNA3.1- ⁇ expression vector. After transformed into DH5 ⁇ , the plasmid was extracted and the positive clones were determined. The result of sequencing was consistent with the sequence encoding the antibodies shown in Table 1.
  • CHO-S cells (Invitrogen) were cultivated in 1 ⁇ CD-CHO (GIBCO), 1 ⁇ HT (GIBCO), 8 mM glutamine (GIBCO), at 37°C, in incubator with 8% CO 2 .
  • transfection of CHO-S was done by using DMRIE-C transfection kit (Invitrogen).
  • Three days after transfection 500 ⁇ g/ml G418 (GIBCO) and 12.5 ⁇ g/ml purimycin (Sigma) were added to the above culture medium for the purpose of pressure screening. 14 days after pressure screening, single clones were picked. Positive clones were selected by direct competitive ELISA. The selected positive clones were transferred to 6-well plate at 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml and cultivated for four more days. And then the number of each clone was detected, the yield of antibody was measured by direct competitive ELISA.
  • the humanized anti-CD20 antibodies were purified from the cell culture supernatant by protein A affinity column.
  • CD20+ Ramos cell ATCC
  • T lymphocyte leukemia Jurkat cell ATCC
  • Cells were incubated with various concentration of antibodies for 1 hour at 4° C. After washing with PBS for 3 times, 1:100 diluted FITC labeled antihuman Fc ⁇ specific second antibody (The Jakson Laboratory) was added and incubated for 1 h at 4°C. After washing with PBS for three times, specific binding was analyzed by FACS instrument.
  • the humanized anti-CD20 antibody 1534, 1634, 1535, 1635, 3637 according to present invention were able to specifically bind CD20+ B Ramos cells instead of CD20-T leukemia Jurkat cells.
  • the clone 3637 has further enhanced binding to antigen ( Figure 12 ).
  • the immunogenicity of antibody was studied by analyzing the binding affinity of humanized anti-CD20 antibodies according to present invention to HLA-DR molecule using in silicon method (such as NetMHCIIpan or self-designed program), and by comparing the antibodies according to the present invention with those chimeric antibodies and other humanized anti-CD20 antibodies mentioned in the Section of Background.
  • the studied anti-CD20 antibody HC has high binding affinity sites (binding affinity ⁇ 100 nM). The sequences were shown in Table 2. Table 2.
  • the HC of chimeric rituximab contains 6 potential high affinity binding sites with HLA-DR (Kd ⁇ 100 nM).
  • the HC of humanized anti-CD20 antibody hA20VH2 (Immunomedics, Inc.,) and H1286/L373 (VACCINEX) contain 3 potential high affinity binding sites with HLA-DR (Kd ⁇ 100 nM).
  • the HC of humanized anti-CD20 antibodies 1534, 1535, 1634, 1635 according to present invention contain only 2 potential high affinity binding site, the binding site of 3637 was further reduced to only one.
  • the immunogenicity generated by the heavy chain of humanized anti-CD20 antibody according to present invention was significantly reduced when compared with that of chimeric antibodies and other humanized anti-CD20 antibodies mentioned in the Section of Background.
  • the studied anti-CD20 antibody LC has high binding affinity sites (binding affinity ⁇ 100 nM).
  • the sequences were shown in Table 3.
  • antibody sequence affinity (nM) 1534, 1535, 1634, 1635
  • the LC of chimeric rituximab contains 7 potential high affinity binding sites with HLA-DR (Kd ⁇ 100 nM).
  • the LC of humanized anti-CD20 antibody H1286/L373 (VACCINEX) contain 5 potential high affinity binding sites; hA20VK (Immunomedics, Inc.,) contains 4 high affinity binding sites.
  • hA20VK immunoglobulin-like antigen
  • the immunogenicity generated by the light chain of humanized anti-CD20 antibody according to present invention was significantly reduced when compared with that of chimeric rituximab, and was further reduced when compared with that of other humanized anti-CD20 antibodies mentioned in the Section of Background.
  • PBMC located at the interface were harvested and washed in HEPES buffered saline and re-suspended in medium (RPMI 1640 medium (Life Technologies)). In order to get monocytes, the PBMC were cultivated for 2 hours in serum-free AIM V media (Gibco) supplemented with 1:100 dilution of beta-mercaptoethanol.
  • the monocytes were cultivated for another 5 days after adding 800 units/ml of GM-CSF (Endogen) and 500 units/ml of IL-4 (Endogen), followed by 2-day cultivation after adding 0.2 units/ml of TNF ⁇ (Endogen) and IL-1 ⁇ at a final concentration of 50 units/ml (Endogen).
  • 50 mg/ml of Mitomycin C was added for 1 hour to terminate the differentiation of dendritic cells.
  • Those mature dendritic cells were harvested by centrifugation at 600 g.
  • cells were inoculated onto round-bottomed 96-well plates at 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells/well (100 ⁇ l).
  • CD4+ T cells were subjected to negative selection using the CD4+ Cellect Kit (Biotex): PBMC were suspended in 4 ml DPBS and 1 ml Cell reagent (Cellect Kit), centrifuged at 600 g, and re-suspended in 2 ml DPBS, the cells were applied onto Cellect column, and the eluted CD4+ cells were collected at 2 ⁇ 10 6 /ml in 2% AIMV medium containing human serum. 10 ⁇ l of 5 mM antibodies 1534, 1634, 1535, 1635, 3637 were added into the 96-well containing 100 ⁇ l of dendritic cells, and then mixed with 100 ⁇ l of CD4+ cells.
  • PBMC PBMC were suspended in 4 ml DPBS and 1 ml Cell reagent (Cellect Kit), centrifuged at 600 g, and re-suspended in 2 ml DPBS, the cells were applied onto Cellect column, and the e
  • T cell Stimulation Index SI
  • the humanized anti-CD20 antibodies according to present invention exhibited lower T cell SI than that of Rituximab ( Fig. 13 ).
  • the result was consistent with that of in silicon in vitro immunogenicity assay, thus demonstrates that the immunogenicity of humanized anti-CD20 antibodies according to present invention was further reduced.
  • Ramos cells were harvested from RPMI suspension with a density of about 1 ⁇ 10 6 /ml (containing 15% heat inactivated Gibco FBS), and cells were re-suspended in complete culture medium at a density of 4 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml (RPMI + 15% heat inactivated Gibco FBS), and then inoculated into a white flat-bottom 96-well plate at 25 ⁇ l/well.
  • the culture medium was used to dilute the humanized anti-CD20 antibodies 1534, 1634, 1535, 1635, 3637 to 1/4 appropriate concentration. Antibodies at 25 ⁇ l/well were added to cells in duplicate.
  • Digitonin (Sigma, D5628) was prepared at 10mg/ml in DMSO and diluted with culture medium to a concentration of 400ug/ml. Digitonin at 25 ⁇ l/well was added to cells to provide maximum lysis. Media alone was added into wells to provide background lysis.
  • 50 ⁇ l/well normal human serum from Biorclamation (containing human complement)
  • the plate was incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. The plate was then incubated at 37 °C for one hour. After incubation, 50 ⁇ l/well alamar blue was added and the plate was incubated overnight at 37 °C in 5% CO 2 incubator. Next day, the plate was placed on a shaker under room temperature for 15 min for cooling down.
  • % complement-dependent lysis [(RFU test-RFU background)/(RFU at maximum cell lysis - RFU background)] ⁇ 100.
  • Humanized anti-CD20 antibodies 1534, 1634, 1535, 1635, 3637 lyse approximately 50% of the Ramos target cells with an EC50 of 1.2 ⁇ g/ml - 2.0 ⁇ g/ml. In contrast, no significant cell lysis was observed with control antibody ( Figure 14 ).
  • ADCC Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
  • Plasma samples were collected in heparinized syringes and mixed with equal volume of Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ free HBSS (Life Technologies). Samples were subjected to lymphoprep gradient (Life Technologies) for separation and then centrifuged at 800 g for 30 min. PBMC located at the interface were harvested and washed in HEPES buffered saline and re-suspended in RPMI 1640 media (Life Technologies) (containing 1% heat-inactivated FBS (HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT), 2 nM L-glutamine, 10 mM HEPES and 50 mg/ml gentamicin).
  • Ramos cells (10 4 cells/well) in 50 ml of assay buffer and varying concentrations of humanized anti-CD20 antibody 1534, 1634, 1535, 1635, 3637 (in 50 ml of assay buffer) were applied onto round-bottomed 96-well plate. The mixture was pre-incubated for 30 min at 37 °C. Then, 50 ⁇ L of the effector cells (5 ⁇ 10 5 ) were dispensed into each well and incubated for 4 h at 37 °C. A ratio of effector cells to target cells of 40:1 was used. The plate was centrifuged at 250 g for 10min, and the supernatants were harvested. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the supernatants was determined using a Cytotoxic Detection kit (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) according to the manufacturer's instruction.
  • mice were inoculated subcutaneously with Ramos cells (1 ⁇ 10 7 cells/0.1ml/per mouse) on day 0. Tumor dimensions were determined by caliper measurements and tumor size was calculated using the formula: (length ⁇ widt 2 )/2. Tumor-bearing mice are randomized into 3 groups based on the tumor size, when the average tumor size reaches about 100 mm 3 (80-160 mm 3 ). Humanized anti-CD20 1534, 1634, 1535, 1635, 3637 (5 mg/kg), PBS (negative control) and Rituximab (5 mg/kg, positive control) were administrated intraperitoneally every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for a total of 2 weeks.
  • mice treated with either positive control rituximab or humanized anti-CD20 antibodies according to present invention significantly inhibited the tumor growth of mice, demonstrating similar or more potent antitumor activity of humanized anti-CD20 antibodies when compared with that of rituximab ( Fig. 16 ).

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Claims (8)

  1. Anticorps humanisé anti-CD20, dans lequel l'anticorps comprend une région variable de la chaîne lourde comprenant une séquence d'acide aminé telle que montrée dans SEQ ID NO:16, et une région variable de la chaîne légère comprenant une séquence d'acide aminé telle que montrée dans SEQ ID NO:35, ainsi qu'une région constante de chaîne lourde d'IgG1 humaine et une région constante de chaîne légère κ humaine.
  2. Molécule d'ADN, qui code pour l'anticorps selon la revendication 1.
  3. Vecteur d'expression pour la transcription et / ou l'expression de mammifère, qui est soit viral soit non viral, et comprend une molécule d'ADN codant pour l'anticorps selon la revendication 1.
  4. Cellule hôte, qui comprend le vecteur selon la revendication 3.
  5. Composition, comprenant une formulation formée par l'anticorps selon la revendication 1 et un excipient pharmaceutiquement acceptable.
  6. Composition selon la revendication 5, à utiliser dans le traitement clinique du lymphome à cellules B, de la leucémie ou de diverses maladies auto-immunes qui sont choisies dans le groupe constitué par la sclérose en plaques, le lupus érythémateux systémique et la polyarthrite rhumatoïde.
  7. Anticorps humanisé se liant à CD20 selon la revendication 1, à utiliser dans le traitement du lymphome à cellules B positif pour CD20, de la leucémie lymphocytaire chronique à cellules B, diverses maladies auto-immunes qui sont choisies dans le groupe constitué par la sclérose en plaques, le lupus érythémateux systémique et la polyarthrite rhumatoïde.
  8. Anticorps selon la revendication 1 pour l'utilisation en tant que médicament.
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EP3600416B1 (fr) 2017-03-30 2023-06-07 Biora Therapeutics, Inc. Traitement d'une maladie du tractus gastro-intestinal avec un agent immunomodulateur libéré à l'aide d'un dispositif ingérable
WO2019246312A1 (fr) 2018-06-20 2019-12-26 Progenity, Inc. Traitement d'une maladie du tractus gastro-intestinal avec un immunomodulateur
WO2019246317A1 (fr) 2018-06-20 2019-12-26 Progenity, Inc. Traitement d'une maladie ou d'un état dans un tissu provenant de l'endoderme
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