EP2546925B1 - Module d'antenne - Google Patents

Module d'antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2546925B1
EP2546925B1 EP12176361.9A EP12176361A EP2546925B1 EP 2546925 B1 EP2546925 B1 EP 2546925B1 EP 12176361 A EP12176361 A EP 12176361A EP 2546925 B1 EP2546925 B1 EP 2546925B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
dipole
cross
cylinder
segments
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Application number
EP12176361.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2546925A1 (fr
Inventor
Ralf Dr. Klukas
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Aeromaritime Systembau GmbH
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Aeromaritime Systembau GmbH
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Publication of EP2546925A1 publication Critical patent/EP2546925A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/38—Arrangement of visual or electronic watch equipment, e.g. of periscopes, of radar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/18—Vertical disposition of the antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to a multi-function antenna module for use in multiple frequency ranges.
  • the main field of application of the system according to the invention here are submarine antenna systems.
  • the dimensions of the antenna are determined by the wavelengths associated with the respective frequency range.
  • a total length of ⁇ / 2 therefore, for example, in the ultra-short wave range at a frequency of 100 MHz, a 1.5 m long antenna body is required to achieve a resonant radiation.
  • the respective available frequency range of the antenna is limited, is usually used for different frequency ranges one of the number of frequency ranges corresponding number of antennas.
  • antennas in different frequency ranges are required for communication or position location or the like, for example in: VHF LOW 30-88 MHz VHF 100-164 MHz UHF 220 - 400 MHz IFF (identification friend foe) 1030/1090 MHz GPS 1575.41 / 1227.6 MHz Inmarsat RX 1530 - 1545 MHz Inmarsat TX 1626.5 - 1646.5 MHz
  • stack antenna a modular antenna system
  • the different radiators of the respective antennas are applied to an elongated component, the antenna carrier.
  • such an antenna system Due to the dimensions of the radiator of the individual antennas used, such an antenna system usually has a corresponding length, which has a negative effect not only in terms of mechanical stability and behavior against water pressure and water flow, but an antenna with such an overall height is no longer in the hull of the U -Bootes would be retractable.
  • An Applicant's approach which has proven to be extremely successful, is to use at least one of the radiators for more than one frequency range in a corresponding antenna system.
  • the decoupling of the antennas takes place via a special geometry with appropriately adapted short-circuit cables. This system is in the DE 10239874 A1 described.
  • Link 16 refers to a military data exchange standard of NATO and is defined as the digital data service of the MIDS communication method in the NATO Standardization Agreement STANAG 5516.
  • US 4,030,100 shows an antenna module with a linearly polarized IFF antenna and a circularly polarized GPS antenna, which are arranged coaxially on an axis.
  • the antennas are isolated from each other by an insulating shield, a non-conductive base plate on the GPS antenna and an outer joint between the antennas and spatially separated.
  • the invention proposes that, in the case of an antenna module having at least two radiator elements which can be operated independently of one another and are arranged axially one after the other on a common axis A, the physical parts of the antenna module are shared at least partially by the two radiator elements. This means that at least one physical part of the antenna module functions both as a first and as a second radiator element.
  • Such sharing of the same physical components could be realized by using a linearly polarized antenna, such as a broadband dipole antenna and a circularly polarized antenna, such as a cross-fold dipole antenna or a spiral antenna, as radiating elements.
  • a linearly polarized antenna such as a broadband dipole antenna
  • a circularly polarized antenna such as a cross-fold dipole antenna or a spiral antenna
  • these two radiator elements can - despite the spatial overlap - be operated undisturbed from each other.
  • a linearly polarized antenna has two dipole halves
  • one of the two dipole halves that is to say the physical part which functions as a dipole half
  • a broadband dipole antenna is used as the linearly polarized antenna and a cross fold dipole antenna is used as the circularly polarized antenna.
  • any other sub-forms of said antennas may be used.
  • a Wienfaltdipol antenna it is to be understood by any other form of a linearly polarized antenna.
  • a spiral antenna instead of a cross-fold dipole antenna, a spiral antenna may be used, as it also has in it a cylinder arranged along the axis A of the antenna module and its outer surface is formed by a plurality of separate segments extending substantially from bottom to top (ie in direction the axis A) run.
  • the spiral antenna may have any multiple of two segments.
  • the feeding into the segments, the use of intermediate segments (hereinafter referred to as broadband dipole segments) and the use of horizontally arranged non-conductive supports (as explained below) can also be realized in the same way when using a spiral antenna.
  • the spiral antenna preferably has a circular-cylindrical shape aligned along the axis A, but may also have the form of the cross-fold dipole antenna described below.
  • one of the two half-shells is extended at its open end such that the resulting shape as Wienfaltdipol- Antenna can be used.
  • the shape of the corresponding half-shell is extended at its open end so that the opening of the half-shell is thereby reduced again.
  • the shape of the modified half-shell roughly approximates the shape of a hollow sphere.
  • the upper half shell is not completely closed.
  • the two half-shells can have a parabolic shape.
  • the upper half-shell which is used as Wienbanddipolantenne acts according to the invention thus as a dipole half of the broadband dipole antenna.
  • the lower part of the Buchdipolantenne thus acts as a counterpole for the lower half shell.
  • the outer conductor of the connecting line in particular a conductor of a coaxial cable, namely contacted to the upper half-shell.
  • upper and lower half-shells act as a dipole.
  • Eggbeater antenna antenna with whisk shape
  • the above-mentioned ball and / or the modified half-shell may have slots, which preferably extend in the axial direction. Due to the slots, there are several axially extending funnelfaltdipol segments. These form the characteristic shape of the Eggbeater antenna.
  • cross-fold dipole segments distributed uniformly around the circumference around the axis A are used here.
  • the Kreuzfaltdipol segments serve preferably both as components of the broadband dipole antenna and the Wienfaltdipol antenna.
  • the Kreuzfaltdipol segments preferably form parts of the surface of the aforementioned ball, ie the modified upper half-shell.
  • additional broadband dipole segments which likewise run in the axial direction (and thus likewise form parts of the surface of the abovementioned ball), may be provided between the cross-fold dipole segments.
  • These additional broadband dipole segments result in a more homogeneous radiation image in the horizontal plane of the broadband dipole antenna without affecting the radiation performance of the cross-fold dipole antenna.
  • the broadband dipole segments are preferably used, in contrast to the Wienfaltdipol segments only as components of the broadband dipole antenna and thus not as components of tantfaltdipol segments, even if such use is conceivable.
  • the broadband dipole segments preferably form parts of the surface of the aforementioned sphere and / or the modified half shell.
  • the broadband dipole segments are narrower than those of the cross-fold dipole segments.
  • a Breitbanddipol segment is preferably provided in each case between two tantfaltdipol segments, so that result in a particularly preferred embodiment in four tantfaltdipol segments a total of eight slots between eight segments. These slots are preferably the same width, that is, the segments are generally uniformly distributed over the circumference.
  • the cross-fold dipole antenna preferably has along axis A a centrally located cylinder extending within the segments. This can protrude beyond the open end of the cross-fold dipole antenna.
  • the central cylinder preferably serves as an antipode to each of the cross-fold dipole segments.
  • the matching network for the entire antenna module, in particular for the Wienfaltdipol antenna and / or for the antennas arranged at its upper end, which are explained in detail below.
  • the upper half-shell is preferably not completely closed at the top.
  • the individual Kreuzfaltdipol segments should be galvanically decoupled from each other.
  • the upper ends of the individual cross-fold dipole segments converge, but are preferably separated.
  • the upper ends of the individual segments are preferably attached to the outputs of the feed network, which are located within the cylinder.
  • the cylinder may have an opening at the appropriate locations.
  • the tantfaltdipol segments further preferably have supports which support the tantfaltdipol segments respectively on the hollow cylinder.
  • the support elements - starting from the inside of the tantfaltdipol segments inward reach up to the hollow cylinder and thus produce a connection between the segments and the hollow cylinder.
  • these are preferably not galvanic connections.
  • Between the ends of the supports and the hollow cylinder may be a dielectric which separates the hollow cylinder galvanically from the supports, but increases the capacitive influence.
  • the supports can serve as a capacitive load for the Wienfaltdipol antenna.
  • the hollow cylinder preferably protrudes upward beyond the cross-fold dipole antenna.
  • a loop antenna is preferably arranged around this projection of the cylinder around a loop antenna.
  • the loop antenna is preferably oriented orthogonal to the axis A.
  • the loop antenna may have a shape that minimizes the coupling and thus the interference between the cross-fold dipole antenna and the loop antenna.
  • the loop shape corresponds approximately to the shape of a cloverleaf
  • the leaves are each - seen in a plan view from above - between the Wienfaltdipol segments.
  • the leaves are arranged in the plan view from above approximately over the broadband dipole segments.
  • the loop antenna can also have the shape of a polygon, in particular of a quadrangle, wherein the sides of the quadrangle are concave, ie bent inwards.
  • the advantageously rounded corners of the polygon are arranged in the plan view viewed from above between the Wienfaltdipol segments and / or over the broadband dipole segments.
  • the antenna module may further comprise a spiral antenna, which may in particular comprise two spiral arms.
  • This spiral antenna is preferably located above the loop antenna. In particular, it may be arranged on the preferably closed end face of the upper end of the cylinder.
  • the feed into the Wienfaltdipol antenna is preferably carried out respectively at the upper ends of the Wienfaltdipol segments.
  • the opposite surfaces on the cylinder, d. H. in particular on its outer peripheral wall, which preferably consists of electrically conductive material, are also fed at the top.
  • the feed point for the broadband dipole antenna is preferably in the region between the two dipole halves, i. H. especially in the area between the two half-shells.
  • Each individual antenna ie the broadband dipole antenna, the cross-fold dipole antenna, the loop antenna and the spiral antenna, preferably has its own signal feed on.
  • These can be realized by coaxial cable.
  • the coaxial cables run side by side, ie separated from each other.
  • the coaxial cables can be guided concentrically into each other.
  • the individual coaxial cables are guided into each other in such a way that in each case the coaxial cable of an antenna within that coaxial cable which feeds the antenna arranged under this antenna is arranged.
  • the coaxial cable of the widest-lying broadband dipole antenna is preferably arranged as the outermost, and the coaxial cable of the spiral antenna located furthest up in the antenna module is located entirely inside.
  • the two conductors of a coaxial cable are also concentric with each other.
  • the broadband dipole antenna may have inside a field-free tube which runs centrally in it along the axis A.
  • the signal leads to the other, d. H. the antennas arranged further above, be arranged, preferably adjacent to each other.
  • the tube is inside, thereby that it is metallically conductive, field-free. This causes the feeder cables, i. the signal feeds, which are not exposed to internal electric field.
  • the tube preferably has no influence on the functionality of the actual antenna radiator. The tube should therefore be as thin as possible.
  • the field-free tube which preferably starts at the lower end of the antenna module and ends in the region between the lower and the upper half-shell, can be formed in one piece and / or in an electrically conductive manner with the hollow cylinder.
  • the cylinder may have a larger diameter than the field-free tube because inside the cylinder the feed network should be located.
  • the cylinder preferably extends only within the upper half-shell, the field-free tube only within the lower half-shell.
  • the cylinder can also be used in the area between run the two half-shells, wherein it is preferably thinner in this area than in the region of the upper half-shell. The cylinder can thus connect the upper half-shell with the lower half-shell.
  • the region between the upper and lower half-shells should at least partially not be formed by the cylinder, but by a separate electrically nonconducting cylinder section extending along the axis A to electrically isolate the two dipole halves from one another.
  • the area between the upper and the lower half-shell is at least partially formed by that of a cylindrical, along the axis A extending extension of the lower half-shell.
  • the pipe can be grounded.
  • the tube forms the terminal, i. the feed cable for the upper dipole half of the broadband dipole antenna.
  • the upper half shell is therefore preferably electrically connected to the tube.
  • the feed cable for the lower dipole half is preferably passed through a hole in the tube without electrically contacting it and connected to the lower half-shell.
  • the lower half-shell preferably has at its lower end terminations, via which it can be connected to the pipe.
  • the terminating resistors are used in particular for the forced adaptation of the broadband dipole antenna at low frequencies.
  • the half shells are formed so that they function like a Vivaldi antenna.
  • the characteristic of broadband coupling and / or broadband matching and / or frequency-independent input impedance and / or broadband input impedance corresponds to that of a Vivaldi antenna.
  • the input impedance is at least theoretically independent of frequency, as in a Vivaldi antenna.
  • the said properties of a Vivaldi antenna can be found in particular at high frequencies, for example at frequencies above 300 MHz or above 400 MHz, for example at 400-3000 MHz.
  • the broadband dipole antenna can be formed in approximately exponential running, as is the case with a Vivaldi antenna.
  • a Vivaldi antenna is a planar antenna, ie a two-dimensional exponential horn with an exponentially increasing antenna area.
  • the antenna foam may have a pyramidal shape. The top of the pyramid can be oriented upwards.
  • the antenna foam advantageously has the function of reducing or even completely suppressing the mantle wave propagation on the field-free tube.
  • the feeding into the four Wienfaltdipol segments is preferably carried out via a phase shifter.
  • This can be arranged inside the cylinder.
  • the resulting phase set between the individual cross-fold dipole segments is 90 °.
  • the shape and positioning of the upper half shell and the lower half shell is selected so that the Wienfaltdipol antenna and the broadband dipole antenna do not interfere.
  • the cross-fold dipole antenna and the wideband dipole antenna do not interfere with each other.
  • the radiations generated by both antennas are unaffected.
  • the Figures 1 - 4 show the antenna module 1 of the invention from different perspective views, wherein in the Figures 3 and 4 also the inner components, such as the cylinder 9 and the field-free tube 12 are visible.
  • the antenna module 1 is constructed approximately axially symmetrical, wherein the axis of symmetry A in FIG. 1 from bottom to top in the vertical direction. Along this axis, the individual antennas of the antenna module are arranged one after the other, or nested one inside the other. The signal supply to the individual antennas is also along this axis.
  • the lines which provide the signal feeds to the individual antennas thus run from bottom to top, for example from an antenna mast 22 arranged at the bottom of the antenna module, which is at least partially hollow.
  • the antenna mast can simultaneously serve to attach the antenna module, for example to a submarine.
  • the antenna mast 22 is preferably arranged centrally and along the axis A.
  • the thinner, field-free tube 12 extends into the thicker antenna masts and penetrates them preferably over its entire length.
  • the antenna mast 22 is purely optional and can also be omitted, in which case the tube 12 extends to the lower end of the antenna module 1.
  • the antenna mast is preferably isolated from the radiator elements.
  • the antenna mast may also be electrically conductive with the lower edge of the lower half-shell 6 of the broadband dipole antenna 2, that the antenna mast is a non-high-frequency, but preferably only low-frequency, radiating part of the broadband dipole antenna.
  • the antenna module is preferably surrounded by a cylinder (not shown), such as a radome, the upper side of which is closed by a hemisphere.
  • This cylinder serves to protect the antenna module and is preferably made of a material which can penetrate the antenna radiation unhindered. For example, it can consist of GFK material. It can be slipped over the antenna module and screwed at the foot of the antenna module to corresponding holes.
  • the antenna module 1 consists essentially of a spherical, hollow upper half-shell 7 (or spherical part 7), which sits on a lower half-shell 6 (or lower part 6).
  • the lower half-shell 6 is formed at the feed point of the broadband dipole antenna, ie in its upper region also spherical, further down, that is tapered towards the base point.
  • the lower half shell consists of the top in the form 21, which is approximately in the form of a downwardly open, hollow quarter-ball, to which plate-like wings 11 follow, which further develop the conical shape of the lower half-shell running down and are separated by slots.
  • the wings 11, like all components of the upper and lower half-shell made of electrically conductive material, such as sheet metal
  • the spherical part 7 serves as a cross-fold dipole antenna.
  • the spherical part 7 has an edge 15 which is horizontal, i. orthogonal to the axis A, around the spherical part runs around and at about the height between the first fifth and the second fifth of the total height of the spherical part.
  • the edge 15 Due to the edge 15 is that part of the spherical part 7 which is disposed below the edge 15, down, d. H. the conical part 6, d. H. the half-shell 6 faces, while that part above the edge 15 is directed to the side or upwards.
  • the parts above and below the edge 15 act together as a dipole half of the broadband dipole antenna 2.
  • the part below the edge 15 is crucial for the higher frequencies, in particular for the frequencies above 500 MHz.
  • the dipole must have a certain length. The corresponding mode of operation for lower frequencies may therefore have on the lower half-shell of the antenna mast.
  • the spherical part 7 and the lower half-shell 6 together serve as a dipole 2 of the broadband dipole antenna 2.
  • the antenna module 1 therefore has at least one section 7 along the axis A, which functions both as a cross-fold dipole antenna 2 and as a broadband dipole antenna 3.
  • the components of the antenna module 1, in particular the radiator elements 2 and 3 are constructed symmetrically to the axis A.
  • the spherical part 7 is interrupted in the longitudinal direction by eight slots which extend in the vertical direction, substantially parallel to the axis A.
  • the slots are preferably not uniformly distributed around the circumference, but such that there are four thinner, opposite and orthogonal, aligned segments and four thicker, opposite and orthogonal aligned segments between the slots.
  • the thicker segments 7a-d are components of the cross-fold dipole antenna and the broadband dipole antenna, while the four thinner segments 7i-1 are merely components of the wideband dipole antenna.
  • the segments are plate-shaped and form the surface of the spherical part. 7
  • the wider cross-fold dipole segments 7a-d are at the level of the edge 15, respectively by a support, i.
  • Cross strut 7e - h supported on a central, extending along the axis A hollow cylinder 9.
  • the supports can begin both above the edge 15 and below the edge 15.
  • the supports 7e-h thus connect the cylinder 9 with the segments 7a-d and are preferably oriented horizontally.
  • the supports are attached to the cylinder with a dielectric material, which is non-conductive.
  • the funnelfaltdipol segments 7 a - d are also supported and stabilized downwardly by vertically arranged and insulating longitudinal struts 23, which are attached to the lower edge 20 of the antenna module and are preferably arranged between the wings 11.
  • the upper half shell 7 is thus made of a total of eight arms, d. H. Segments 7a - d, 7i - I shaped. Of these, 4 always have identical dimensions.
  • the four broader arms, ie segments 7a-d, are part of the broadband dipole antenna, as well as the cross-fold dipole antenna, while the four thinner arms, ie segments 7i-1, are only part of the wideband dipole antenna.
  • the additional thinner arms 7i-1 serve for the omnidirectional characteristic of the broadband dipole antenna 2 in order to achieve the lowest possible ripple over the horizontal propagation direction.
  • the broadband dipole antenna 2 consists in principle of two asymmetric half shells 6, 7, which both have an approximately exponential outer course.
  • a tube 12 which is field-free in its interior.
  • the exponential curve is bounded above by the edge 15 and is followed by another approximately exponential or hemispherical course, which, however, in contrast to the first, the half-shell does not open up increasingly but closes.
  • the two half-shells 6, 7 have in a side view the courses of two different exponential curves, one of which is directed downwards (that of the half-shell 6) and the other upwards (that of the half-shell 7).
  • the axis A represents the functional axis of the exponential functions of the curves.
  • the growth in vertical extent is therefore in both curves Relation to widening in horizontal extension exponentially increasing.
  • the growth of the lower curve, ie the lower half-shell 6 is greater than that of the upper curve, ie the upper half-shell 7, so that the lower half-shell 6 is greater in vertical extent than the upper half-shell 7, that is higher.
  • the two half shells are approximately the same at their widest points, ie at the lower half shell in the region of the lower edge 20 of the antenna module and at the upper half shell 7 at the edge 15, the same width.
  • There the two half-shells 6, 7 are rotationally symmetrical to the axis A, their shapes result from a rotation of the respective exponential curves about the axis A.
  • the lower half of the upper half-shell 7 has an exponential course. From the height of the largest diameter changes the outer course and follows the shape of a spherical half-shell to the open end. The largest diameter is defined by the edge 15.
  • an antenna foam 11 located within the lower half-shell 6 between the tube 12 and the inner wall lower half-shell 6, an antenna foam 11. This serves as an HF absorber material, which suppresses a propagation of sheath waves on the outside of the tube 12.
  • the lower half shell 6, as well as the exponential part of the upper half shell 7 together form an exponentially growing antenna aperture with radial symmetry.
  • the exponential curve allows a broadband frequency independence, the radial symmetry an omnidirectional radiation.
  • the antenna operates on the principle of a Vivaldi antenna (very broadband).
  • the two shells 6, 7 acting as dipole halves of the wideband dipole antenna act as a thick broadband dipole.
  • the lower half-shell 6 is connected at its ends to the base of the antenna via resistors with the tube 12.
  • the structure can be considered as a hybrid between exponential aperture antenna and thick cylindrical dipole, resulting in an antenna with a bandwidth of 2 decades (30MHz - 3000 MHz).
  • the polarization of the antenna is linearly vertical.
  • the outer conductor is connected to the tube 12 and thus the upper half-shell 7.
  • the cross-fold dipole antenna 3 is over the four arms, i. 4 segments, the upper half shell realized.
  • a support 7e-h directed towards the cylinder 9 is fixed on the inside, which serves as a capacitive load on the antenna and thus enables a compact construction.
  • the supports 7e-h are not galvanically connected to the cylinder 9 but attached via a plastic ring.
  • the cross-fold dipole antenna 3 is fed via a divider network at the open ends of the arms 7a-d.
  • the divider network distributes the signal to the four arms 7a-d of equal amplitude and phase offset.
  • the phase offset between adjacent arms is 90 ° each, resulting in circular radiation. In this case, the phase offset occurs so that the antenna is right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP), which is required for the SATCOM communication.
  • RHCP right-hand circularly polarized
  • the network is mounted inside the cylinder 9 and has been realized on printed circuit boards in microstrip line technology.
  • the ground plane is galvanically connected to the cylinder.
  • the narrow intermediate segments 7i-1 have only a negligible influence on the functionality of the cross-fold dipole antenna 3.
  • the innovative feature of the antenna is that the upper part 7 of the broadband dipole antenna at the same time forms the funnelfaltdipol antenna element 3.
  • the divider network consists of a total of two separate board elements.
  • a so-called "rat race” a microstrip line ring coupler which, by means of a suitable wiring, contributes to the fact that two paths are phase-shifted by 180 ° relative to one another.
  • these two paths are switched to a Wilkinson divider which splits the two differential signal paths again into two paths offset by 90 °. This results in four paths each with a 90 ° phase shift. All four paths then go to a final board with a matching network identical for each path, which transforms the line impedance to the input impedance of the individual arms 7a-d.
  • a loop antenna 4 is disposed above the cross-fold dipole antenna and horizontally surrounds the cylinder 9 projecting upwardly with an upper cylinder portion 13 from the cross-fold dipole antenna.
  • the loop antenna 4 is an open conductor loop and is used for the active reception of RF signals in the range of 10kHz - 30MHz. For this an appropriate amplifier must be used.
  • the relatively short electrical length of the loop antenna is compensated by the input impedance of the active amplifier stage, which has been optimized to achieve the required sensitivity for reliable reception of VLF-HF and GPS differential signals.
  • the loop antenna is mounted symmetrically about the cylinder 9 above the cross-fold dipole antenna 3. Its shape corresponds to that of a cloverleaf to minimize the coupling between Wienfaltdipol antenna 3 and loop antenna 4.
  • the spiral antenna 5 and / or the printed circuit board is mounted on the end face of the cylinder 9 and forms its conclusion.
  • the width of the two arms 5a, 5b increases exponentially and their ends are connected to the cylinder 9. Behind the antenna inside the cylinder, a corresponding reflector is mounted to increase the antenna gain.
  • the spiral antenna 5 is like the broadband dipole antenna 2 frequency independent and only by their dimensions at the feed point and at the arm ends 5a, b limited. It has circular polarization and is used for civil satellite applications and navigation. Their positioning has little effect on the radiation of the Wienfalt dipole antenna 3. In order to provide a lightning resistance their arm ends are conductively connected to the cylinder 9 and thus are grounded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Module d'antenne (1) avec au moins deux membres rayonnants (2, 3) individuellement opérables, un étant une antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2) et l'autre étant une antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3) qui sont arrangés axialement l'un après l'autre sur un axe A commun, l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2) comprenant deux moitiés de dipôle,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une moitié de dipôle de l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2) fait partie de l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3).
  2. Module d'antenne (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2) est une antenne dipôle à large bande et comprend deux demi-coques (6, 7) avec des faces extérieures convexes opposées, orientées dans le sens axial du module d'antenne, de préférence asymétriques, qui représentent les moitiés dipôles de l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2), et en ce que l'une des demi-coques (7), de préférence adjacente à l'extrémité libre du module d'antenne (1), fait partie de l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3), et en ce que ladite demi-coque (7) est pourvue de fentes (8), s'étendant en particulier dans le sens axial (A) ou en spirale autour de l'axe (A), ouvertes vers le bord supérieur libre de la demi-coque (7).
  3. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3) est une antenne dipôle pliable en croix (3) ou une antenne hélicoïdale,
    - l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3) est traversée dans le sens axial par un cylindre central (9) s'étendant au-delà de l'extrémité ouverte de l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3), et en particulier
    - le réseau interconnecté d'adaptation pour le module d'antenne (1) entier, en particulier pour l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3), est arrangé dans le cylindre creux (9).
  4. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3) en tant qu'antenne dipôle pliable en croix (3) comprend quatre segments dipôle pliables en croix (7a-7d), délimités par les fentes (8) et comprenant de préférence un support respectif (7e-7h), orientés essentiellement de manière radiale au cylindre central (9) et liant le membre respectif au cylindre (9), les supports (7e-h) étant adaptés de sorte qu'ils agissent comme charge capacitive, le cylindre central (9) représentant le pôle opposé à chacun des segments (7a-d) et/ou
    - un segment dipôle à large bande (7i-7l) respectif est arrangé entre deux segments dipôle pliables en croix (7a-7d), qui est de préférence plus étroit que les segments dipôle pliables en croix (7a-7d) et qui est adapté de sorte qu'il réduit l'ondulation de la radiation omnidirectionnelle de l'antenne dipôle à large bande (2).
  5. Module d'antenne (1) selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - une antenne en boucle (4) entourant le cylindre (9) au-delà de l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3) de manière concentrique et l'entourant presque entièrement est arrangée à une saillie libre (13) du cylindre (9) en tant qu'antenne de réception ou antenne émettrice, l'antenne en boucle (4) ayant de préférence la forme d'un trèfle à quatre feuilles ou d'un carré avec des bords inclinés vers l'intérieur, les feuilles du trèfle ou les coins arrondis du carré étant dans une version de préférence arrangés dans les zones entre les segments dipôle pliables en croix (7a-7d), et/ou
    - une antenne hélicoïdale (5), comprenant en particulier deux bras hélicoïdaux (5a, 5b), est arrangée à l'extrémité frontale libre du cylindre (9).
  6. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes 4 ou 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'alimentation vers l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3) est réalisée respectivement entre les extrémités supérieures libres des segments dipôle pliables en croix (7a-d) de la coque extérieure de l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3) et de la paroi circonférentielle extérieure du cylindre (9), faite d'un matériau électriquement conducteur.
  7. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes 3-6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - une tube dépourvu de champ (12) est arrangée le long de l'axe de symétrie (A) de l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2), où la transmission du signal aux antennes supérieures (3, 4, 5) passe par le tube dépourvu de champ (12), et/ou
    - le tube dépourvu de champ (12) est connecté à l'extrémité inférieure du cylindre (9) et/ou est formé en une pièce avec celle-ci.
  8. Module d'antenne (1) selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisée par
    une cavité entre la coque inférieure (6) et le tube dépourvu de champ (12), dans laquelle un matériau d'absorption en forme de pyramide est arrangé avec une pointe qui fait saillie vers le haut pour supprimer la propagation des ondes de gaine sur le tube dépourvu de champ (12).
  9. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes 2-8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le contour extérieur des demi-coques (6, 7) de l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2) comprend des formes géométriques selon les évolutions des fonctions exponentielles, où
    - la demi-coque supérieure (7) a une évolution environ exponentielle de la région entre les deux demi-coques (6, 7) vers le haut, et/ou
    - la demi-coque inférieure (6) a une évolution environ exponentielle de la région entre les deux demi-coques (6, 7) vers le bas et est adaptée de sorte que lors de hautes fréquences, en particulier de 400 - 3000 MHz elle a la même impédance d'entrée qu'une antenne Vivaldi.
  10. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les points d'alimentation pour l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2) sont localisés dans la région entres les deux demi-coques (6, 7).
  11. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes 7-10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'alimentation du signal vers l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2), vers l'antenne avec polarisation circulaire (3), vers l'antenne en boucle (4) et vers l'antenne hélicoïdale (5) est réalisée respectivement dans un câble coaxial (16, 17, 18, 19), les câbles coaxiaux (16, 17, 18, 19) étant arrangés l'un à côté de l'autre et au sein du tube dépourvu de champ (12).
  12. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes 3-11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le cylindre (9) repose sur le fond de la coque supérieure (7) et est connecté à celle-ci par conduction électrique.
  13. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes 4-12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les segments dipôle pliables en croix (7a-7d) de la coque supérieure (7) s'approchent à l'axe de symétrie (A) partant du site (15) de leur plus grande distance radiale vers leur l'extrémité libre et en ce que l'antenne dipôle pliable en croix (3) a en particulier la forme d'une boule élongée qui est plus longue axialement que la longueur axiale de la demi-coque inférieure (6).
  14. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes 4-13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'alimentation vers les quatre segments dipôle pliables en croix (7a-d) est réalisée avec un déphasage de 90° en arrangeant un déphaseur dans le cylindre (9) par lequel les conduits d'alimentation passent,
    et/ou
    - la forme et le positionnement de l'antenne dipôle pliable en croix (3) et de la demi-coque inférieure (6) sont choisis de sorte qu'il n'y a pas d'interférences entre l'antenne dipôle pliable en croix (3) et l'antenne avec polarisation linéaire (2).
  15. Module d'antenne (1) selon une des revendications précédentes 11-14,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - dans le cas de l'antenne hélicoïdale (5) l'adaptation de l'antenne est réalisée par la forme des bras (5a, b) au point d'alimentation et /ou,
    et/ou
    - le bras des membres hélicoïdaux (5) lié par son extrémité intérieure au conducteur interne du câble coaxial (19) est connecté à l'extrémité extérieure avec le conducteur externe du câble coaxial (19) par conduction électrique, en particulier de manière indirecte via un réflecteur arrangé en dessous de l'antenne hélicoïdale (5).
EP12176361.9A 2011-07-15 2012-07-13 Module d'antenne Active EP2546925B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011107417.5A DE102011107417B4 (de) 2011-07-15 2011-07-15 Antennenmodul

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2546925A1 EP2546925A1 (fr) 2013-01-16
EP2546925B1 true EP2546925B1 (fr) 2019-02-27

Family

ID=46651371

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12176361.9A Active EP2546925B1 (fr) 2011-07-15 2012-07-13 Module d'antenne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2546925B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011107417B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2724524T3 (fr)
TR (1) TR201906102T4 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016122597A1 (de) * 2016-11-23 2018-05-24 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Unterwasserfahrzeug mit Druckbehälter

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030100A (en) * 1976-02-06 1977-06-14 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Multipurpose submarine antenna
US5506592A (en) * 1992-05-29 1996-04-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated Multi-octave, low profile, full instantaneous azimuthal field of view direction finding antenna
DE10239874B3 (de) 2002-08-29 2004-04-29 Aeromaritime Systembau Gmbh Antennensystem für mehrere Frequenzbereiche
US7339542B2 (en) 2005-12-12 2008-03-04 First Rf Corporation Ultra-broadband antenna system combining an asymmetrical dipole and a biconical dipole to form a monopole
DE202008005765U1 (de) * 2008-04-25 2008-07-03 Aeromaritime Systembau Gmbh Antennenmodul
US8723731B2 (en) * 2008-09-25 2014-05-13 Topcon Gps, Llc Compact circularly-polarized antenna with expanded frequency bandwidth

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR201906102T4 (tr) 2019-05-21
DE102011107417B4 (de) 2021-11-18
ES2724524T3 (es) 2019-09-11
EP2546925A1 (fr) 2013-01-16
DE102011107417A1 (de) 2013-01-17

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