EP2524518B1 - Koaxial-lautsprechersystem mit einer kompressionskammer - Google Patents

Koaxial-lautsprechersystem mit einer kompressionskammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2524518B1
EP2524518B1 EP11707440.1A EP11707440A EP2524518B1 EP 2524518 B1 EP2524518 B1 EP 2524518B1 EP 11707440 A EP11707440 A EP 11707440A EP 2524518 B1 EP2524518 B1 EP 2524518B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer
main
diaphragm
speaker system
magnetic circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP11707440.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2524518A1 (de
Inventor
Yoann Flavignard
Philippe Lesage
Arthur Leroux
Nicolas Clevy
Jean-Louis Tebec
Bénédicte HAYNE
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PHL AUDIO
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PHL AUDIO
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Publication of EP2524518A1 publication Critical patent/EP2524518A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/323—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/24—Structural combinations of separate transducers or of two parts of the same transducer and responsive respectively to two or more frequency ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/30—Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H04R9/027—Air gaps using a magnetic fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H04R9/063—Loudspeakers using a plurality of acoustic drivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sound reproduction by means of loudspeakers, also called electrodynamic or electroacoustic transducers.
  • Sound reproduction consists in converting an electric energy (or power) into acoustic energy (or power).
  • the electrical energy is most often delivered by an amplifier whose power characteristic can vary from a few Watts for domestic audio installations of low power, to several hundred - or thousands - Watts for some professional sound installations (studios). recording, musical scenes, public spaces, etc.).
  • the acoustic energy is radiated by a membrane whose movements cause changes in pressure of the surrounding air, which propagate in space in the form of an acoustic wave.
  • the membrane is moved by a voice coil comprising a solenoid immersed in a magnetic field and traversed by a current (from the amplifier).
  • a voice coil comprising a solenoid immersed in a magnetic field and traversed by a current (from the amplifier).
  • LAPLACE force a force known as "LAPLACE force”
  • the human ear is considered sensitive to sound over a frequency range (called the audible band) of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). Sounds below 20 Hz are called “infrasound”; those higher than 20 kHz are called “ultrasound”. Infrasounds and ultrasounds are perceived by some animals but are considered imperceptible by the human ear (we can refer in this respect to general works, such as The book of sound techniques, Volume 1, Fundamentals, 3rd edition, chap. 4, Auditory perception, pp.191-192 ).
  • the reproduction of low frequencies requires a large transducer, and therefore a large diaphragm capable of a large amplitude.
  • the reproduction of the high frequencies can only be satisfactory with a small source, ie a small membrane.
  • the deflections of this small membrane will be of low amplitude.
  • an electrodynamic loudspeaker is generally designed to reproduce a reduced range of frequencies, within which the response of the transducer can be optimized.
  • the acoustic frequency response of such a transducer is usually represented in the form of a curve illustrating the variations in the sound pressure level of the signal (expressed in dB, on a linear scale generally between 60 dB and 110 dB) as a function of the signal frequency (expressed in Hz, generally on a logarithmic scale between 20 Hz and 20 kHz).
  • a transducer In addition to differences in size, the design of a transducer varies depending on whether it is a bass or medium transducer, or a treble transducer. Thus, although there are many forms of membranes, the conical shape (or pseudo-conical, according to the profile of the generator) is today the most used in the transducers of serious and medium, while the membranes to dome are the most used in the treble transducers.
  • transducers To obtain a reproduction of the entire audible band, it is customary to combine several transducers to produce a sound reproduction system.
  • a common solution is to combine three specialized transducers: one for the bass, one for the medium and one for the treble.
  • the transducers are generally mounted on the same acoustic enclosure, most commonly on the same face (called the front face of the enclosure).
  • the number of "channels" is equal to the number of segmentations performed on the audible band.
  • the number of channels of a speaker corresponds to the number of transducers it includes.
  • an enclosure comprising a bass transducer and a treble transducer is a two-way speaker.
  • the filter of a two-way speaker comprises a low-pass type filtering section, connected to the system's bass transducer and which mainly leaves only frequencies below a predetermined cutoff frequency, and a section of high-pass type filtering, connected to the system's treble transducer and which predominantly passes frequencies higher than the chosen cutoff frequency.
  • the coaxial mounting of the transducers does not solve the problem of controlling the directivity.
  • the acoustic radiation of a transducer is generally not spatially homogeneous.
  • the membrane, of small size in front of the wavelength can be considered as a point source radiating an omnidirectional spherical wave.
  • the membrane, large in size in front of the wavelength can no longer be considered as an omnidirectionally radiating sound source, but tends to become directive.
  • the recombined signal coming from such a loudspeaker system may comprise both a signal component radiated in a directional manner from one of the transducers (for example from the high-frequency radiant transducer) and an omnidirectionally radiated signal component from the other transducer (e.g., from the lower-spectrum high-frequency transducer).
  • the recombined signal is not homogeneous in space, and that the perception by the human ear can be altered. Indeed, the acoustic signal coming from the speaker is not the same in all directions, the various signals arriving at the ears of the listener (direct signal and reflected signals on the walls of the room) will not be coherent, this lack of coherence being detrimental to the sound reproduction quality.
  • any transducer increases with frequency.
  • the professionals of the sound system know that the public of an auditorium placed out of the axis of the loudspeakers does not perceive the treble.
  • a well known technique for controlling the directivity of a loudspeaker system is to use a compression chamber horn horn transducer mounted coaxially to the back of a bass transducer, so called main transducer, conical diaphragm.
  • a horn and compression chamber transducer has other advantages.
  • the membrane does not radiate directly into the airspace, the radiation being forced to pass into a restricted space (called throat) of lower section than that of the membrane, hence the term "compression chamber".
  • the efficiency of a transducer is defined as the quotient between the acoustic energy radiated throughout the airspace by the transducer, and the electrical energy absorbed (or consumed) by it.
  • the efficiency of direct-acting electrodynamic direct-current transducers of the Rice-Kellog type is particularly low, of the order of a few to a few thousand percent (without exceeding, or rarely, 5%).
  • IEC 60268-5 recommends a source sound power measurement. Neglecting the directivity of the transducer, its level of efficiency, also called sensitivity level, that is to say the sound pressure (in dB) generated by it in free field in half-space (“half-space free field ”) at 1 meter, for an electrical power input of 1 W, allows a good approximation of its efficiency.
  • the efficiency level is expressed in dB / W at 1 meter. This measurement is made in the useful band of the transducer and in the axis, and can constitute the frequency response curve thereof.
  • thermal compression a phenomenon of limitation of the acoustic level
  • the delay of the acute channel on the serious path can be compensated by active filtering of the digital type (known by the acronym DSP, Digital Signal Processing). But this compensation can only be partial, generally in the axis.
  • the more conventional (and less expensive) passive filtering technologies with inductors and capacitors can not compensate for the significant delay that is measured on known coaxial systems, which can reach 250 ⁇ s.
  • Such a delay although weak in appearance, has a significant psycho-acoustic effect, and degrades the quality of the sound reproduction. It contributes, among other things, to the reputation of "bad sound realism" or "poor sound quality" that sound engineers usually associate with professional sound.
  • EP 1 755 357 and EP 0 341 926 disclose systems of which several electrodynamic transducers are mounted coaxially and for the purpose of improving the directivity characteristic.
  • the invention aims to make a contribution to the resolution of the problems mentioned above by making improvements to coaxial speaker systems with a compression chamber.
  • the secondary transducer may be mounted on a front face of a pole piece of the main magnetic circuit.
  • the main magnetic circuit includes for example a rear pole piece comprising a central core having a front face on which is mounted the secondary transducer.
  • the voice coil of the main transducer comprises a support and a solenoid wound on this support
  • the secondary transducer may be received in a space of the main transducer, bounded aft by the front face of the pole piece of the main magnetic circuit, and laterally by the cylindrical wall of the moving coil support, or in the "front" coaxial position.
  • the transducers are preferably mounted in such a way that the acoustic centers of the transducers are coincidental or almost coincidental.
  • the tangent to the flag primer, at the junction with the membrane forms with a plane perpendicular to the axis of the transducer an angle of between 30 ° and 70 °.
  • the architecture of the secondary transducer may advantageously be of the "endoskeletal" type and have a fixed internal frame called an endoskeleton on which the mobile element of the secondary transducer is mounted via an internal suspension to the diaphragm, moving element of the secondary transducer preferably being free of suspension external to the diaphragm.
  • the secondary transducer may be attached to the main transducer through its endoskeleton.
  • This endoskeleton comprises for example a plate, attached to the secondary magnetic circuit, and a rod integral with the plate and through which the transducer is fixed on the main magnetic circuit.
  • the waveguide of the secondary transducer comprises for example an outer side wall and fins which project radially inwards from this side wall.
  • this side wall may be provided with outer cells in which radially extend fins.
  • the invention proposes, secondly, an acoustic enclosure comprising a coaxial loudspeaker system as described above.
  • the system 1 comprises two channels, but one could imagine a three-way system or more.
  • System 1 is designed to cover an extended acoustic spectrum, ideally the entire audible band. It comprises a bass transducer 2 , designed to reproduce a lower part of the spectrum and which will be called “main transducer”, and an acute transducer 3 , designed to reproduce an upper part of the spectrum and which will be called “ secondary transducer ".
  • the main transducer 2 can be designed to reproduce the bass and / or the medium, and possibly part of the treble.
  • its diameter will preferably be between 10 and 38 cm.
  • the main object of the present invention is not to define recommendations concerning the spectrum covered by the different transducers of the system 1 , it should be pointed out however that the spectrum covered by the main transducer 2 can cover the bass, that is to say say the band from 20 Hz to 200 Hz, or the medium, ie the band from 200 Hz to 2 kHz, or at least part of the bass and medium (and for example the totality bass and medium), and possibly part of the treble.
  • the main transducer may be designed to cover a band of 20 Hz to 1 kHz or 20 Hz to 2 kHz, or 20 Hz to 5 kHz.
  • the secondary transducer 3 is preferably designed so that its bandwidth is at least complementary in the acute of that of the main transducer 2 . Thus, it can be ensured that that of the secondary transducer 3 covers at least partly the medium and all of the acute, up to 20 kHz.
  • the main transducer 2 comprises a main magnetic circuit 4 which includes an annular magnet 5 , sandwiched between two mild steel pole pieces forming field plates, namely a rear pole piece 6 and a front pole piece 7 fixed on two opposite sides of the magnet 5 by gluing.
  • the magnet 5 and the pole pieces 6 , 7 are symmetrical in revolution about a common axis A1 forming the general axis of the main transducer 2 and which is hereinafter called "main axis".
  • the rear pole piece 6 is in one piece. It comprises an annular bottom 8 fixed to a rear face 9 of the magnet 5 , and a cylindrical central core 10 , which has, opposite the bottom 8, a front face 11 and is pierced with a central bore 12 opening through and other of the breech 6 .
  • the pole piece or front plate 7 has an annular washer shape. It has a rear face 13 , by which it is fixed to a front face 14 of the magnet 5 , and an opposite front face 15 which extends in the same plane as the front face 11 of the core 10 .
  • the front plate 7 has in its center a bore 16 whose internal diameter is greater than the outer diameter of the core 10 , so that between this bore 16 and the core 10 housed therein is defined a gap 17 said principal in which reigns part of the magnetic field generated by the magnet 5 .
  • the main transducer 2 further comprises a chassis 18 called salad bowl, which includes a base 19 through which the salad bowl 18 is fixed on the main magnetic circuit 4 - and more precisely on the front face 15 of the front plate 7 -, a ring 20 through which the transducer 2 is fixed to a supporting structure, and a plurality of branches 21 connecting the base 19 to the ring 20 .
  • a chassis 18 called salad bowl which includes a base 19 through which the salad bowl 18 is fixed on the main magnetic circuit 4 - and more precisely on the front face 15 of the front plate 7 -, a ring 20 through which the transducer 2 is fixed to a supporting structure, and a plurality of branches 21 connecting the base 19 to the ring 20 .
  • the main transducer 2 further comprises a moving element 22 including a membrane 23 and a voice coil 24 comprising a solenoid 25 wound on a cylindrical support 26 integral with the membrane 23 .
  • the membrane 23 is made of a rigid and light material such as impregnated cellulose pulp, and has a conical or pseudo-conical shape of revolution around the main axis A1 , with a curvilinear generatrix (for example according to a circular law, exponential or hyperbolic).
  • the membrane 23 is fixed around the periphery of the ring 20 by means of a peripheral suspension 27 (also called edge) which can be constituted by an O-piece attached and glued to the membrane 23 .
  • the suspension 27 may be made of elastomer (for example natural or synthetic rubber), of polymer (alveolar or not) or in a fabric or nonwoven impregnated and coated.
  • the membrane 23 defines an opening 28 on the inner edge of which the support 26 is fixed by a front end by gluing.
  • the geometric center of the opening 28 is considered, as a first approximation, to be the acoustic center C1 of the main transducer 2 , that is to say the equivalent point source from which the acoustic radiation of the main transducer 2 is emitted. .
  • a hemispherical core cover 29 made of an acoustically non-emissive material may be attached to the membrane 23 in the vicinity of the opening 28 to protect it from dust intrusion.
  • the solenoid 25 made in a conductive wire (for example copper or aluminum) is wound on the support 26 , at a rear end thereof immersed in the main air gap 17 .
  • the diameter of the solenoid 25 may be between 25 mm and more than 100 mm.
  • the centering, the elastic return and the axial guidance of the moving assembly 22 are provided jointly by the peripheral suspension 27 and by a central suspension 30 , also called spider, of generally annular shape, with concentric corrugations, having a peripheral edge 31 by which the spider 30 is fixed (by gluing) to a flange 32 of the salad bowl 18 adjacent to the base 19 , and an inner edge 33 through which the spider 30 is fixed (also by gluing) to the cylindrical support 26 .
  • a central suspension 30 also called spider, of generally annular shape, with concentric corrugations
  • the contribution of the electrical signal to the solenoid 25 is conventionally made by means of two electrical conductors (not shown) connecting each of the two ends of the solenoid 25 to a terminal of the transducer 2 where the connection with a power amplifier is made.
  • the secondary transducer 3 is housed in the main transducer 2 by being received in a frontal central space (that is to say on the front side of the magnetic circuit 4 ) bounded aft by the front face 11 of the core 10 , and laterally by the inner wall of the support 26 .
  • the secondary transducer 3 comprises a magnetic circuit 34 side, separate from the primary magnetic circuit 4, which includes a permanent 35 central annular magnet sandwiched between two pole pieces forming field plates, namely a rear pole piece 36 and a part polar front 37 , fixed on two opposite faces of the magnet 35 by gluing.
  • the magnet 35 and the pole pieces 36 , 37 are symmetrical in revolution about a common axis A2 forming the general axis of the secondary transducer 3 and which is hereinafter called "secondary axis".
  • the magnet 35 is preferably made of a rare earth neodymium-iron-boron alloy, which has the advantage of offering a high energy density (up to 12 times greater than that of a permanent magnet of ferrite barium of equivalent size).
  • the rear pole piece 36 is in this case monobloc and made of mild steel. It has a U-shaped diametrical sectional shape, and comprises a bottom 38 fixed to a rear face 39 of the magnet 35 , and a peripheral side wall 40 extending axially from the bottom 38 .
  • the side wall 40 terminates, at a front end opposite the bottom 38 , by an annular front face 41 .
  • the bottom 38 has a rear face 42 applied against the front face 11 of the core 10 , coaxially, that is to say so that the secondary axis A2 is substantially coincident with the main axis A1 .
  • the pole piece before 37 is also made of mild steel. It is of annular shape and has a rear face 44 , by which it is fixed to a front face 45 of the magnet 35 , and an opposite front face 46 which extends in the same plane as the front face 41 of the wall side 40 of the breech 36 .
  • the magnetic circuit 34 is extra-flat, that is to say that its thickness is small compared to its overall diameter. Moreover, the magnetic circuit 34 extends to the outer diameter of the transducer 3 . In other words, the size of the magnetic circuit 34 is maximized with respect to the overall diameter of the transducer 3 , which increases its power handling as well as the value of the magnetic field, and therefore the sensitivity of the transducer 3 .
  • the core 37 has an overall diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the side wall 40 of the yoke 36 , so that between the core 37 and the side wall 40 of the yoke 36 is defined a secondary air gap 47 in which is concentrated the most of the magnetic field generated by the magnet 35 .
  • edges of the core 37 and the yoke 36 may be chamfered, or preferably and as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 , rounded in such a way as to avoid harmful burrs.
  • the secondary transducer 3 further comprises a moving element 48 including a diaphragm 49 in the form of a dome and a voice coil 50 integral with the diaphragm 49 .
  • the diaphragm 49 is made of a rigid and light material, for example thermoplastic polymer or in a light alloy based on aluminum, magnesium or titanium. It is positioned so as to cover the magnetic circuit 34 on the side of the core 37 , and so that its axis of symmetry of revolution coincides with the secondary axis A2 . Under these conditions, the apex of the diaphragm 49 , located on the secondary axis A2 , can be considered as the acoustic center C2 thereof, that is to say the equivalent point source from which the radiation is emitted. Secondary transducer acoustics 3 .
  • the diaphragm 49 has a circular peripheral edge 51 slightly raised to facilitate the attachment of the voice coil 50 .
  • the voice coil 50 comprises a wire solenoid (of circular or rectangular section) metal, conductive (for example copper or aluminum), a preferred width of 0.3 mm, spirally wound to form a cylinder with one end upper is fixed by gluing to the peripheral edge 51 raised diaphragm 49 .
  • the coil 50 is here devoid of support (but could include one).
  • the voice coil 50 is immersed in the secondary air gap 47.
  • the inner diameter of the voice coil 50 is very slightly greater than the outer diameter of the core 37 , so that the internal functional clearance formed between the voice coil 50 and the core 37 is low in front of the width of the gap 47 .
  • the functional games could be sized in a conventional manner.
  • the periphery of at least core 37 is preferably coated with a thin layer of polymer with a low coefficient of friction, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) with a thickness close to one-hundredth of a millimeter (or lower), and preferably a few tens of microns (for example about 20 microns).
  • a thin layer of polymer with a low coefficient of friction such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) with a thickness close to one-hundredth of a millimeter (or lower), and preferably a few tens of microns (for example about 20 microns).
  • the placement of the voice coil 50 in the gap 47 is relatively easy and, secondly, that in operation the axial movement of the voice coil 50 is not thwarted by the proximity of the core 37 , even assuming that these two elements would come accidentally and temporarily in contact with one another.
  • the maximum width of the air gap 47 for a voice coil 50 of 0.3 mm wide, is 0.6 mm (with an internal clearance of 0.1 mm and an outside clearance of 0.2 mm) .
  • the occupancy rate of the voice coil 50 in the gap 47 is around 55%.
  • the secondary transducer 3 further comprises a support 52 fixed to the secondary magnetic circuit 34 , and to which the moving element 48 is suspended.
  • the support 52 made of a diamagnetic and electrically insulating material, for example a thermoplastic material such as polyamide or polyoxymethylene (glass-filled or not), has a generally symmetrical shape of revolution around an axis coinciding with the secondary axis A2 , with a T-shaped section
  • the monoblock support 52 forms an endoskeleton for the transducer 3 , comprising an annular plate 53 applied against the front face 46 of the core 37 , and a cylindrical rod 54 which protrudes rearwardly from the center of the plate 53 , and which is housed in a complementary cylindrical position 55 made in the magnetic circuit 34 and formed by a succession of coaxial bores made in the yoke 36 , the magnet 35 and the core 37 .
  • the endoskeleton 52 is rigidly fixed to the magnetic circuit 34 by means of a nut 56 screwed onto a threaded portion of the rod 54 and clamped against the yoke 36 , inside a countersink 57 formed on the rear face 42 , in the center.
  • the plate 53 is firmly pressed against the front face 46 of the core 37, without the possibility of rotation.
  • This attachment may optionally be supplemented by the application of a film of glue between the plate 53 and the core 37.
  • the plate 53 Given its frontal location with respect to the magnetic circuit 34, the plate 53 extends into the lenticular internal volume delimited by the diaphragm 49.
  • the plate 53 comprises an annular peripheral rim 58 and a central disk 59 to which the rod 54 connects. .
  • the disc 59 may be perforated with holes 60 whose function is to maximize the volume of air under the diaphragm 49, so as to reduce the resonance frequency of the moving element 48.
  • the rim 58 has substantially the profile of a pulley and comprises a peripheral annular groove 61 which opens radially outwards, facing an annular peripheral portion 62 of the inner surface of the diaphragm 49, located near the edge 51.
  • the groove 61 separates the rim 58 in two flanges vis-à-vis forming the side walls of the groove 61, namely a rear flange 63, bearing against the front face 46 of the core 37, and a front flange 64 .
  • flanges 63,64 are connected by a cylindrical core 65 forming the bottom of the groove 61.
  • the moving element 48 is mounted on the endoskeleton 52 by means of an inner suspension 66 which provides the connection between the diaphragm 49 and the plate 53.
  • This suspension 66 is in the form of a piece of revolution made of a material light, elastic and non-emissive acoustically (we can choose a porous material for this purpose).
  • This material is preferably heat resistant prevailing in the transducer, and its elasticity is chosen so that the resonant frequency of the moving element 48 is lower than the lowest frequency reproduced by the transducer 3 (in this case 500 Hz to 2 kHz).
  • the suspension 66 has a section of substantially polygonal shape and comprises an inner edge 67 right, that is to say cylindrical of revolution about the secondary axis A2, and a substantially frustoconical peripheral outer edge 68 .
  • the suspension may be made of a fabric of natural (for example cotton) or synthetic fibers (for example polyester, polyacrylic, nylon, and more particularly aramids, including Kevlar, registered trademark) or in a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers (for example cotton-polyester), these fibers being impregnated with a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, which gives stability and stiffness and elasticity to the suspension 66.
  • the suspension 66 is fixed, by gluing, to the peripheral portion 62 of the inner surface of the diaphragm 49.
  • the suspension 66 could be fixed by its outer peripheral edge (which would be cylindrical), on the inner surface of this support.
  • the thickness of the suspension 66 (measured along the secondary axis A2 ), although smaller than its free length (measured radially between the flanges 63 , 64 and the internal surface 62 of the diaphragm 49 ), is not negligible in relation to this one, but is of the same order of magnitude. More specifically, the ratio between the free length and the thickness of the suspension 66 is preferably less than 5 (in this case this ratio is less than 3). The fact of thus minimizing the free length of the suspension 66 makes it possible to stabilize the moving element 48 and prevent it from tilting (anti-pitching effect).
  • the suspension 66 On the side of its inner edge 67 , the suspension 66 is housed in the groove 61 by being slightly compressed between the flanges 63 , 64 so as to avoid unwanted noise, but without being fixed thereto.
  • the inner diameter of the suspension 66 is greater than the internal diameter of the groove 61 (that is to say the outer diameter of the core 65 of the rim), so that an annular space 69 is provided. between the suspension 66 and the core 65 .
  • the suspension 66 is floating relative to the rim 58 of the plate 53 , with a possibility of radial displacement, the suspension 66 being slidable with respect to the flanges 63 , 64 .
  • a layer of pasty lubricant such as grease.
  • the radial clearance defined by the annular space 69 between the suspension 66 and the core 65 is preferably less than 1 mm. According to a preferred embodiment, this clearance is approximately 0.5 mm. In the figures we exaggerated this game for the sake of clarity.
  • the suspension 66 can be glued inside the flanges 63 , 64 instead of simply being greased.
  • the design of the radial clearances will be of the conventional type and not reduced as in the floating assembly described above.
  • the mobile assembly 48 will be centered with respect to the gap by means of a centering tool (also called “false bolt”), as described below with respect to the suspension variant 66 of the "spider" type represented on the figure 6 .
  • the portion of the suspension 66 housed in the groove 61 is of width (measured radially) greater than or equal to its thickness, so as to guarantee a mechanical connection of the support-plane type and to minimize any adverse effect of tilting of the suspension 66 relative to the plate 53 .
  • the suspension 66 thus extends internally to the diaphragm 49 .
  • the suppression of an external peripheral suspension makes it possible to eliminate the acoustic interference existing in the known transducers between the radiation of the diaphragm and that of its suspension.
  • suspension 66 exerting no radial stress on the diaphragm 49 , it does not impose a centering function thereof with respect to the secondary magnetic circuit 34 , to the benefit of the assembly simplicity of the secondary transducer 3 , or the replacement of the diaphragm 49 in case of failure.
  • the centering of the diaphragm 49 is achieved at the level of the voice coil 50 , which is adjusted with little play on the core 37 and centers itself automatically with respect thereto when the voice coil 50 , immersed in the magnetic field of the gap 47 , is set in motion by an electric modulation current.
  • the suspension 66 provides a return function of the moving element 48 towards a median rest position, adopted in the absence of axial stress exerted on the voice coil 50 (that is to say, in practical, in the absence of current running through it). It is in this middle position that the secondary transducer 3 is shown in the figures.
  • the suspension 66 also provides a function of maintaining the attitude of the diaphragm 49 , that is to say of maintaining the peripheral edge 51 of the diaphragm 49 in a plane perpendicular to the secondary axis A2 , in order to avoid any tilting or pitch of the diaphragm 49 which would interfere with its operation.
  • the suspension 66 is indeed spider type and made of a fabric of natural fibers (for example cotton) or synthetic (for example polyester, polyacrylic, nylon, and more particularly aramids, including Kevlar, registered trademark) or in a mixture natural and synthetic fibers (for example cotton-polyester), these fibers being impregnated with a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, which, after conformation by thermoforming, gives strength, stiffness and elasticity to the suspension 66 .
  • natural fibers for example cotton
  • synthetic for example polyester, polyacrylic, nylon, and more particularly aramids, including Kevlar, registered trademark
  • aramids including Kevlar, registered trademark
  • the suspension comprises an annular, planar inner portion 98 bonded by bonding to an upper face 99 of the plate 53 , and a peripheral portion 100 extending around the inner portion 98 .
  • the peripheral portion 100 extends radially freely beyond the plate 53 and comprises corrugations 101 which can be obtained by thermoforming.
  • the suspension 66 is fixed, by gluing, on the inner surface of the diaphragm 49 , near the peripheral edge 51 thereof.
  • the voice coil 50 comprises a cylindrical support integral with the diaphragm 49 and on which the solenoid would be mounted
  • the suspension 66 could be fixed, by its outer edge, on the inner surface of this support.
  • the moving element 48 must be perfectly centered with respect to the magnetic circuit 34 , and more precisely with respect to the gap 47 in which the voice coil 50 is housed.
  • a centering assembly (still called false breech) in which the endoskeleton 52 is positioned is used.
  • the centering assembly comprises a bore (of a diameter equal to that of the housing 55 ) into which the rod 54 of the endoskeleton 52 is inserted.
  • the bonding of the suspension 66 on the plate 53 is then performed.
  • the internal diameter of the voice coil 50 is centered with respect to the bore of the centering assembly, which ensures the centering of the moving element 48 with respect to the endoskeleton 52.
  • the assembly comprising the moving element 48 and the endoskeleton 52 can then be mounted perfectly centered in the magnetic circuit 34 , in manufacture as in the case of repair by replacing the moving element 48 .
  • the electric current is fed to the voice coil 50 by two electrical circuits 70 which connect the ends of the voice coil 50 to two electrical terminals (not shown) for supplying the transducer 3 .
  • a single driver 74 of small section is visible on the figure 2 , the second conductor of small section, diametrically opposed to the first, being located in front of the sectional plane of the figure.
  • the secondary transducer 3 finally comprises a waveguide 76 , integral with the magnetic circuit 34 .
  • the waveguide 76 is in the form of a one-piece piece made of a material having a high thermal conductivity, greater than 50 Wm -1 .K -1 , for example aluminum (or in an aluminum alloy).
  • the waveguide 76 is fixed on the yoke 36 and comprises a substantially cylindrical outer side wall 77 which extends in the extension of the side wall 40 of the yoke 36 .
  • Fixing is preferably performed by screwing, by means of a number of screws equal to or greater than 3. In order to maximize the contact thermal between the two parts, it is advantageous to complete this screwing by a coating of thermally conductive paste.
  • the waveguide 76 has, on a rear peripheral edge, a skirt 78 which fits over a recess 79 formed in the yoke 36 , of complementary profile. This results in a precise centering of the waveguide 76 with respect to the yoke 36 and, more generally, with respect to the magnetic circuit 34 and to the diaphragm 49 . In addition, the thermal conduction between the two parts 36 , 76 is improved.
  • the waveguide 76 has a rear face 80 having a substantially spherical cap shape, which extends concentrically with the diaphragm 49 , opposite and in the vicinity of an outer face thereof that it partially covers.
  • the rear face 80 is perforated and comprises a continuous peripheral portion 81 extending in the vicinity of the rear edge of the waveguide 76, and a discontinuous central portion 82 carried by a series of fins 83 projecting radially from the wall lateral 77 (that is to say towards the axis A2 of the transducer 3 ).
  • the rear face 80 is delimited internally - that is to say on the side of the diaphragm 49 - by a ridge 84 of petaloid shape.
  • the fins 83 do not meet on the axis A2 but stop at an inner end located at a distance from the axis A2. At their apex, the fins 83 each have a curvilinear edge 85 .
  • the side wall 77 of the waveguide 76 is delimited internally by a discontinuous frustoconical front face 86 distributed over a plurality of angular sectors 87 which extend between the fins 83.
  • This front face 86 forms a flag primer extending from the interior to the outside and from a rear edge, formed by the petaloid ridge 84 constituting a groove of the flag primer 86, to a front edge 88 which constitutes a mouth of the flag primer 86.
  • the angular sectors 87 of the flag primer 86 are portions of a cone of revolution whose axis of symmetry coincides with the secondary axis A2, and whose generator is curvilinear (for example according to a circular law, exponential or hyperbolic).
  • the flag primer 86 ensures a continuous adaptation of impedance acoustic between the air environment delimited by the throat 84 and the air medium delimited by the mouth 88 .
  • the tangent to the flag primer 86 on the mouth 88 forms with a plane perpendicular to the axis A2 of the secondary transducer 3 an angle of between 30 ° and 70 °. In the example illustrated in the drawings, this angle is about 50 °.
  • the fins 83 each laterally have two cheeks 89 which are connected externally to the angular sectors 87 of the flag primer 86 via leaves 90 .
  • the waveguide 76 forms not a flag primer but a complete flag (for example symmetrical of revolution about the secondary axis A2 ), whose groove 84 is circular in outline and whose length is such that, when the secondary transducer 3 is mounted in the main transducer 2 , the mouth 88 can extend, as on the figure 8 beyond the level of the peripheral suspension 27 of the membrane 23 .
  • the rear face 80 of the waveguide 76 and the corresponding external covered area 92 of the diaphragm 49 define between them a volume of air 93 called a compression chamber, in which the acoustic radiation of the vibrating diaphragm 49 driven by the voice coil 50 moving in the gap 47 is not free, but compressed.
  • the internal zone 91 uncovered communicates directly with the groove 84 opposite, which concentrates the acoustic radiation of the entire diaphragm 49 .
  • the compression ratio of the transducer 3 is defined by the quotient of its emitting surface, corresponding to the plane surface delimited by the overall diameter of the membrane 49 (measured on the edge 51 ) by the surface delimited by the projection, in a plane perpendicular to the axis A2, of the groove 84 .
  • This compression ratio is preferably higher at 1.2: 1, and for example about 1.4: 1.
  • Higher compression ratios, for example up to 4: 1, are conceivable.
  • the secondary transducer 3 is fixed on the main magnetic circuit 4 at the front of the latter, being received, as we have already seen, in the space delimited rearward by the front face 11 of the core 10 , and laterally by the inner wall of the cylindrical support 26 , the yoke 36 of the secondary magnetic circuit 34 being plated directly or via a spacer against the front face 11 of the core 10 .
  • the secondary transducer 3 has an overall diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the cylindrical support 26 .
  • a weak clearance of a few tenths of a millimeter constitutes a good compromise (on the figures 1 and 7 this game has been exaggerated, for the sake of clarity of the drawings).
  • the rod 54 of the endoskeleton 52 is received in the bore 12 of the core 10 , and the secondary transducer 3 is rigidly fixed to the magnetic circuit 4 of the main transducer 2 by means of a nut 94 screwed onto a threaded portion of the rod. 54 and tightened against the bolt 6 with possible interposition of a washer, as illustrated on the figure 1 .
  • the fact that the suspension 66 extends inside the diaphragm 49 and not outside thereof makes it possible to increase the emitting surface to 100% of the overall diameter of the diaphragm 49 .
  • This increase of the emitting surface of the diaphragm 49 allows a substantial gain in sensitivity of the transducer 3 , since this gain is proportional to the square of the emitting surface.
  • the architecture of the transducer 3 allows, with an overall diameter of the equal transducer, an increase in the emitting surface of up to 17%. This results in a gain in sensitivity of about 1.4 dB for this value.
  • the diameter of the voice coil 50 can be increased, being made equal to the diameter of the diaphragm 49 .
  • the transducer 3 is delivered from the radial space of a support external to the diaphragm 49.
  • the ratio Emissive surface / Overall radial dimension (equal to the quotient of the squares of the radii of the diaphragm and the transducer), which can be about 70%.
  • This ratio makes it possible to carry out a flag starter 86 axially short, which effectively allows the transducer 3 to be mounted axially and frontally in the bass transducer 2, with tangential connection of the flag primer 86 to the profile of the membrane 23. of the bass transducer 2.
  • the transducer 3 is delivered from the radial space of a support external to the diaphragm 49 since this support is made by means of an endoskeleton 52 .
  • This aspect combined with the increase in the diameter of the voice coil 50 , equal to that of the diaphragm 49 , makes it possible to increase the diameter of the magnetic circuit 34 , which can equal the overall diameter of the transducer 3, as it appears on FIG. figure 2 and the figure 6 .
  • the good coherence of the system 1 eliminates the need to introduce time offset compensation, impossible to correct in passive filtering and whose correction in active filtering can introduce temporal coherence defects out of the acoustic axis.
  • the axial positioning of the secondary transducer 3 with respect to the main transducer 2 , and the geometry of the waveguide 76, are such that the membrane 23 extends in the extension of the primer flag 86, as illustrated on the figure 1 .
  • the tangent to the flag primer 86 on the mouth 88 coincides with the tangent to the membrane 23 on its central opening 28.
  • the waveguide 76 and the transducer membrane 23 main 2 together form a complete flag for the secondary transducer 3, allowing the two transducers 2, 3 to have homogeneous directivity characteristics.
  • the waveguide 76 forming a complete horn is independent of the diaphragm 23 of the main transducer 2 .
  • the directivity characteristics of the two transducers 2 , 3 are distinct and can be optimized separately, which is advantageous in certain applications such as stage return speakers.
  • the waveguide 76 provides, in addition to the acoustic impedance matching of the secondary transducer 3 between the groove 84 and the mouth 88 , a heat dissipation function produced at the level of the magnetic circuit 34 , thanks in particular to the presence of the fins 83 .
  • the waveguide 76 acting as a radiator may comprise, in cells 96 formed in the outer periphery of the side wall 77 facing each fin 83 , complementary reliefs 97 formed by radially extending outer fins radially to the overall diameter of the transducer 3 , without exceeding it.
  • the heat accumulated at the level of the secondary transducer 3 can be at least partially evacuated by radiation and convection, from the front of the system 1 .
  • the heat generated frontally by the waveguide 76 warms the heat. ambient air that tends to rise, thus creating a fresh air call and an ascending convective movement of air circulation evacuating the calories and ensuring the cooling of the secondary transducer 3 .
  • each fin 83 whose cheeks 89 , on the one hand are inclined from the base of the fin 83 located on the side of the diaphragm (and carrying the central portion 82 from the rear face 80 ) towards its summit ridge 85 , located at the front, and secondly connect to the flag primer 86 by leaves 90 with circular section, aims to minimize the influence of the fins 83 on the acoustic radiation of the diaphragm 49 .
  • the system 1 can be mounted on any type of acoustic loudspeaker, for example a stage-return loudspeaker 95 , with an inclined front face, as illustrated by way of example on FIG. figure 9 .

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Koaxiales Lautsprechersystem (1) mit wenigstens zwei Kanälen, das einen elektrodynamischen Hauptwandler (2) für die Wiedergabe von niedrigen und/oder mittleren Frequenzen enthält, der Folgendes umfasst:
    - einen Hauptmagnetkreis (4), der einen Hauptluftspalt (17) definiert,
    - eine bewegliche Ausrüstung (22), die eine Membran (23) enthält, die mit einer beweglichen Spule (24) fest verbunden ist, die in den Hauptluftspalt (17) eingefügt ist;
    wobei das System einen elektrodynamischen Nebenwandler (3) für die Wiedergabe hoher Frequenzen umfasst, der koaxial und frontal in Bezug auf den elektrodynamischen Hauptwandler (1) montiert ist und der Folgendes umfasst:
    - einen Nebenmagnetkreis (34), der von dem Hauptmagnetkreis (4) verschieden ist und einen Nebenluftspalt (47) definiert;
    - eine bewegliche Ausrüstung (48), die eine Membran (49) enthält, die mit einer beweglichen Spule (50) fest verbunden ist, die in den Nebenluftspalt (47) eingefügt ist;
    - einen Wellenleiter (76), der in der Umgebung der Membran (49) montiert ist und der eine Fläche (80) besitzt, die sich gegenüber und in der Umgebung der Membran befindet und eine Kompressionskammer (93) begrenzt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass der Wellenleiter (76) einen Schalltrichterausgangspunkt (86) definiert und dass sich die Membran (23) des Hauptwandlers (1) in konischer Form in der Verlängerung des Schalltrichterausgangspunkts (86) erstreckt.
  2. Koaxiales Lautsprechersystem (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der sekundäre Wandler (3) ein festes Endoskelett (52) aufweist, an dem die bewegliche Ausrüstung (48) des Nebenwandlers (3) über eine Aufhängung (66) innerhalb der Membran (49) montiert ist.
  3. Koaxiales Lautsprechersystem (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die bewegliche Spule (24) des Hauptwandlers (1) einen Träger (26) und ein auf diesen Träger (26) gewickeltes Solenoid (25) umfasst und wobei der Nebenwandler (3) in einem Raum aufgenommen ist, der nach hinten durch eine vordere Fläche (11) eines Polstücks (6) des Hauptmagnetkreises (4) und seitlich durch die Wand des Trägers (26) der beweglichen Spule (24) begrenzt ist.
  4. Koaxiales Lautsprechersystem (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Wandler (2, 3) Schallzentren (C1, C2), die zusammenfallen oder fast zusammenfallen, aufweisen.
  5. Koaxiales Lautsprechersystem (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die bewegliche Ausrüstung (48) des Nebenwandlers (3) keine Aufhängung außerhalb der Membran (49) aufweist.
  6. Koaxiales Lautsprechersystem (1) nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Nebenwandler (3) an dem Hauptwandler (2) über sein Endoskelett (52) befestigt ist.
  7. Koaxiales Lautsprechersystem (1) nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Endoskelett (52) eine an dem Nebenmagnetkreis (34) befestigte Platine (53) und einen mit der Platine (53) fest verbundenen Stift (54), über den der Nebenwandler (3) an dem Hauptmagnetkreis (4) befestigt ist, umfasst.
  8. Lautsprechersystem (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Wellenleiter (76) eine äußere seitliche Wand (77) und Flügel (83), die von dieser seitlichen Wand (77) radial einwärts vorstehen, umfasst.
  9. Lautsprechersystem (1) nach Anspruch 10, wobei die seitliche Wand (77) des Wellenleiters (76) mit äußeren Waben (96) versehen ist, in die sich die Flügel (97) radial erstrecken.
  10. Lautsprecherbox (95), die ein koaxiales Lautsprechersystem (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
EP11707440.1A 2010-01-15 2011-01-14 Koaxial-lautsprechersystem mit einer kompressionskammer Not-in-force EP2524518B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1000154A FR2955444B1 (fr) 2010-01-15 2010-01-15 Systeme de haut-parleur coaxial a chambre de compression
PCT/FR2011/000022 WO2011086299A1 (fr) 2010-01-15 2011-01-14 Système de haut-parleur coaxial à chambre de compression

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EP2524518A1 EP2524518A1 (de) 2012-11-21
EP2524518B1 true EP2524518B1 (de) 2016-07-13

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EP11707441.9A Active EP2524519B8 (de) 2010-01-15 2011-01-14 Koaxial-lautsprechersystem mit einer kompressionskammer mit einer hupe

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EP (2) EP2524518B1 (de)
CN (2) CN102884809B (de)
BR (2) BR112012017572B1 (de)
CA (2) CA2787167C (de)
FR (1) FR2955444B1 (de)
WO (2) WO2011086299A1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112012017572A2 (pt) 2018-09-25
CA2787160A1 (fr) 2011-07-21
CA2787167A1 (fr) 2011-07-21
CN102884809A (zh) 2013-01-16
EP2524518A1 (de) 2012-11-21
BR112012017575A2 (pt) 2016-08-16
US20130121522A1 (en) 2013-05-16
BR112012017575B1 (pt) 2021-01-19
CA2787167C (fr) 2017-10-31
CN102907115A (zh) 2013-01-30
BR112012017572B1 (pt) 2020-12-08
FR2955444A1 (fr) 2011-07-22
CA2787160C (fr) 2018-05-22
EP2524519A1 (de) 2012-11-21
EP2524519B1 (de) 2019-03-06
WO2011086300A1 (fr) 2011-07-21
WO2011086299A1 (fr) 2011-07-21
US9084056B2 (en) 2015-07-14
US9232301B2 (en) 2016-01-05
EP2524519B8 (de) 2019-05-22
CN102907115B (zh) 2015-12-09
CN102884809B (zh) 2015-07-22
FR2955444B1 (fr) 2012-08-03
US20130064414A1 (en) 2013-03-14

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