EP3469812B1 - Elektrodynamischer breitbandwandler für audiokopfhörer und entsprechender audiokopfhörer - Google Patents

Elektrodynamischer breitbandwandler für audiokopfhörer und entsprechender audiokopfhörer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3469812B1
EP3469812B1 EP17729135.8A EP17729135A EP3469812B1 EP 3469812 B1 EP3469812 B1 EP 3469812B1 EP 17729135 A EP17729135 A EP 17729135A EP 3469812 B1 EP3469812 B1 EP 3469812B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
coil
electrodynamic transducer
electrodynamic
transducer
Prior art date
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Application number
EP17729135.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3469812A1 (de
Inventor
Ludovic UHRING-CADART
Clément AUZOU
Arnaud Cazes-Bouchet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Focal JMLab SAS
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Focal JMLab SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/045—Mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/027—Diaphragms comprising metallic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/18—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones at the periphery
    • H04R7/20—Securing diaphragm or cone resiliently to support by flexible material, springs, cords, or strands

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wideband electrodynamic transducers for headphones.
  • a wideband transducer corresponds to a transducer configured to ensure, on its own, the reproduction of sounds for the human ear, unlike architectures integrating several transducers, for example with a first speaker configured to generate the low frequencies and a second loudspeaker. speaker configured to generate high frequencies.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the field of high performance sound reproduction, that is to say by limiting signal degradation.
  • the invention relates, more generally, to an audio headset incorporating an electrodynamic transducer.
  • An electrodynamic transducer is a device that converts an electrical signal into an acoustic wave.
  • an electrodynamic transducer usually consists of a magnetic motor, a coil, a membrane and a suspension.
  • the motor has a groove, called an air gap, into which enters the coil configured to capture the magnetic field so as to move in translation under the effect of the Laplace force.
  • the coil is fixed with the membrane having a shape of revolution adapted to transform the translational movement of the coil into an acoustic wave.
  • the moving part of an electrodynamic transducer is therefore made up of the coil and the membrane. This moving part is guided in movement by a suspension arranged around the membrane.
  • the moving part is characterized by at least three mechanical parameters which have an impact on the performance of the electrodynamic transducer.
  • a first parameter concerns the rigidity of the membrane.
  • the more rigid a membrane the less deformable it is, and therefore the more it plays the role of piston making it possible to generate movements of neighboring air masses with kinematics faithful to the control signal.
  • the more rigid a membrane the more it allows piston-like operation, limiting, or even eliminating, distortion phenomena.
  • the lighter a moving part the more it can be moved at high frequency with a satisfactory amplitude, at a constant activation energy level.
  • the lighter a moving part the more it allows significant acceleration, allowing it to faithfully reproduce high frequencies, and this without generating a drag phenomenon.
  • a third critical parameter of a wideband electrodynamic transducer is its resonant frequency, which must be as low as possible in order to reproduce low frequencies without attenuation.
  • an electrodynamic transducer has a resonant frequency corresponding to a local maximum of impedance as a function of frequency.
  • the electrodynamic transducer operates at a frequency below this resonant frequency, transducer movements become limited and can be saturated regardless of the frequency used.
  • the electrodynamic transducer operates at a frequency located above this resonant frequency, the displacements of the transducer decrease as the frequency increases.
  • An electrodynamic transducer is therefore sought, the resonant frequency of which is as low as possible in order to avoid saturation in displacement of the electrodynamic transducer.
  • the ideal moving part is one which has both a very high rigidity, while being extremely light and with a low resonant frequency.
  • a conventional solution consists in making the membrane and the suspension in the same polyester layer, for example of the Mylar® type.
  • the realization of the suspension and the membrane in one piece allows to increase the emissive surface by using part of the suspension to generate the acoustic waves.
  • the displacement of the membrane is ensured by a self-supporting coil mounted or on a support fixed to the underside of the membrane.
  • the weight of the moving part is negatively impacted by the weight of the coil and the coil holder, thus limiting the dynamics of the electrodynamic transducer.
  • a polyester membrane also has the drawback of being deformed at high frequencies, that is to say greater than 4 kHz. It follows that unwanted harmonics appear in the acoustic wave due to the uncontrolled deformations of the membrane or the suspension.
  • a polyester membrane which automatically acts as a suspension also creates amplitude modulation during long excursions, thus generating distortion.
  • Another solution proposes using an aluminum or cellulose membrane in order to improve the rigidity of the membrane.
  • This solution effectively makes it possible to generate high frequency acoustic waves while limiting distortions.
  • the weight of the membrane negatively impacts the weight of the moving part and limits the dynamics of the electrodynamic transducer.
  • an electrodynamic transducer for headphones generally exhibits a first resonance of its impedance situated between 2 and 4.5 kHz. This first resonance is defined by the characteristics of the moving part and of all the decompression volumes. Without action on the architecture of the audio headset, the frequencies generated by the electrodynamic transducer below this first resonance are attenuated.
  • vents in the transducer and in the structure of the headphones are customary to provide vents in the transducer and in the structure of the headphones. These vents form a resonance of frequencies lower than that of the first resonance so as to compensate for the attenuation of frequencies lower than the frequency of the first resonance.
  • vents are provided with paper or acoustically resistive fabrics so as to tune the phenomenon of resonance of the vents. It follows that an audio headset conventionally exhibits a second resonance of its impedance, located between 50 Hz and 150 Hz, and defined by the characteristics of the moving part and those of the most massive and least damped vent.
  • vents to generate low frequencies by resonance results in latency in the generation of low frequencies.
  • tissue or sheets of paper limits the air decompression volume of the membrane.
  • the technical problem of the invention is to provide an electrodynamic transducer having a low intrinsic resonant frequency so as to limit or eliminate the use of vents to form the low frequencies, while ensuring a good compromise between the other parameters of the transducer. electrodynamics.
  • the invention proposes to solve this technical problem by coupling a rigid membrane, preferably aluminum or beryllium, with a self-supporting coil on the membrane so as to eliminate the coil support and limit the weight of the moving part.
  • the invention provides a transducer according to claim 1 and a headset according to claim 8.
  • the invention is characterized in that said transducer comprises a self-supporting coil fixed by adhesive bonding to said membrane, said membrane having a Young's modulus greater than 40 GPa and in that said suspension has a thickness of between 50 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • a membrane composed of a material with a Young's modulus greater than 40 GPa corresponds to a rigid membrane made, for example, of aluminum or beryllium.
  • the invention proposes to couple the advantages of this rigid membrane with a coil self-supported by the membrane, that is to say without using a coil support.
  • the mechanical strength of the coil is ensured by the sole bonding of the turns to each other. It follows that the weight of the moving part is greatly reduced by eliminating the spool support. In addition, the invention makes it possible to obtain a low weight and a high flexibility of the suspension.
  • the inventors have found that the association of a rigid membrane with a self-supporting coil makes it possible to obtain a light moving part capable of reproducing high frequencies without distortion.
  • the association of this light moving part with a very flexible suspension makes it possible to obtain an electrodynamic transducer having a single very low resonant frequency, close to 40Hz.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to eliminate or limit the use of vents and still reproduce the low frequencies.
  • a Beryllium membrane works as a piston over the entire audible frequency band, between 20Hz and 20kHz.
  • said membrane is made of a material chosen from the group comprising beryllium, magnesium and aluminum. Unlike other metallic materials with a Young's modulus greater than 40 GPa, these materials offer a good compromise between rigidity and lightness so as not to degrade the acceleration factor of the electrodynamic transducer.
  • said coil comprises a single conducting wire wound on itself according to the height of said electrodynamic transducer. This embodiment makes it possible to limit the weight of the coil, and therefore of the moving mass.
  • said coil has a diameter of between 20 and 30mm.
  • this embodiment makes it possible to release a very large air decompression volume inside the coil.
  • said coil has a height of between 4 and 5mm. Unlike conventional reels, the height of which is less than 3 mm, the use of a self-supporting coil with single winding, and therefore very light, allows its height to be increased. For low frequencies, in which the movements of the coil are the greatest, it is conventional in the devices of the state of the art for the coil to come out of the air gap of the motor.
  • This embodiment proposes to use a particularly high coil so as to penetrate more widely into the air gap and limit the exit of the coil from the air gap. As a result, the guiding of the membrane is improved and the distortions are reduced.
  • said electrodynamic transducer has an opening area greater than 35%. This opening area corresponds to the ratio between the emissive area of the membrane and the area of the rear openings.
  • this embodiment improves the dynamics of the electrodynamic transducer because the variations in air volume generated by the movement of the membrane are evacuated without constraints through the central recess and the recess at the periphery.
  • said electrodynamic transducer also comprises a suspension connecting an outer edge of said membrane with a fixed support, said suspension being made of rubber.
  • this embodiment makes it possible to dissociate these two elements. It is therefore possible to use a suspension and a more efficient membrane compared to those implemented in the prior art, thus allowing the electrodynamic transducer to reach low and high frequencies with very little distortion.
  • said electrodynamic transducer has a compliance greater than 40mm / N.
  • the invention relates to an open or semi-open audio headset comprising an electrodynamic transducer according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the motor 11 is a conventional motor and can take any known form.
  • the motor 11 has a shape of revolution extending around a central x axis of the electrodynamic transducer 10. As illustrated in the figure. figure 1 , the motor 11 can be fixed on a fixed support 18 by means of three screws.
  • the motor 11 comprises a central recess 15 so as to create an air expansion column extending from the membrane 14 to the rear of the electrodynamic transducer 10.
  • this expansion column of air has zero or almost zero acoustic impedance so as to limit the braking of the membrane 14 as much as possible.
  • a zero or almost zero acoustic impedance indicates that the acoustic transducer 10 does not include any papers placed behind the membrane 14, in the axis of the motor 11.
  • the motor 11 has an air gap 13 intended to receive a coil 12.
  • the coil 12 is fixed directly by gluing under the membrane 14 without using a coil support 12 so as to limit the weight of the moving part of the electrodynamic transducer 10. . to do this, the coil 12 is preferably made with a single conductor wire wound on itself in accordance with the height of the electrodynamic transducer 10.
  • the conductive wire may be circular or square section.
  • the conductor wire can be made of copper or "CAW" type, ie it is composed of an aluminum core covered with a copper coating and a protective layer.
  • Heating the conductive wire makes it possible to secure the windings of the wire to one another by bonding the protective layers together, thus ensuring the structure of the coil 12.
  • the coil 12 is therefore particularly light.
  • this embodiment makes it possible to obtain a coil with a very large diameter and height in the field of headphones.
  • this embodiment has made it possible to obtain a coil 12 whose diameter d is between 20 and 30 mm for a height h of between 4 and 5 mm.
  • the inductance of the coil 12 is between 150 and 250 ⁇ H unlike the state of the art in which the inductance of the coil is generally between 400 and 500 ⁇ H.
  • the coil 12 can have several series of windings without changing the invention.
  • the performance of the electrodynamic transducer 10 is also improved by the use of a membrane 14 having a Young's modulus greater than 40 GPa.
  • the membrane 14 is made of aluminum with a Young's modulus substantially equal to 69 GPa, or of beryllium with a Young's modulus substantially equal to 240 GPa.
  • the thickness of the membrane 14 is preferably between 20 and 30 ⁇ m for a diameter between 30 and 32 mm.
  • the membrane 14 is particularly rigid while having a certain lightness compared to titanium or steel.
  • the membrane 14 has a slightly convex front face forming a dome to the edges of which the coil 12 is fixed.
  • the membrane 14 also extends radially, after the dome, by a substantially straight end portion 17 extending in the direction of the fixed support 18.
  • the mobile part of the electrodynamic transducer 10 is completed by a dedicated suspension 16 , preferably made of rubber.
  • the suspension 16 extends in the form of a single arc between the end part 17 of the membrane 14 and a radial edge of the fixed support 18.
  • the suspension 16 has a thickness of between 50 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the suspension 16 is fixed by gluing on the end part 17 of the membrane 14 and on the radial edge of the fixed support 18. Using this suspension 16, the compliance of the electrodynamic transducer 10 is particularly improved. Indeed, the compliance of the electrodynamic transducer 10 was measured greater than 40 mm / N.
  • a rear part of the electrodynamic transducer 10 is also open to a part of the suspension 16 so as to limit the braking of the membrane 14. It follows that the electrodynamic transducer 10 has an opening area greater than 35%. This opening surface corresponds to the ratio between the emissive surface of the membrane 14 and the surface of the rear openings.
  • the electrodynamic transducer 10 thus obtained exhibits spectacular performance.
  • the total weight of the mobile part (including the membrane, the suspension, the coil and the glue) does not exceed 160 mg.
  • the total weight of the mobile part does not exceed 125 mg.
  • the mass measurements are carried out with a scale accurate to 1/10 of a milligram.
  • two electrodynamic transducers 10 can be used to form an audio headset, for example an open or semi-open audio headset.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Elektrodynamischer Wandler (10), Breitband, für Headset, wobei dieser Wandler (10) enthält:
    - einen Magnetmotor (11), konfiguriert zur Erzeugung eines Magnetfeldes;
    - eine Spule (12), angeordnet in einem Spalt (13) diese Magnetmotors (11) und unter der Wirkung dieses Magnetfeldes längs verschiebbar; und
    - eine Membran (14), verbunden mit der erwähnten Spule (12), um die Längsbewegung dieser Spule (12) in eine akustische Welle umzuwandeln, diese Membran (14) weist ein Young - Modul von über 40 GPa auf;
    - eine Aufhängung (16), die einen Außenrand (17) der erwähnten Membran (14) mit einem festen Halter (18) verbindet, diese Aufhängung (16) besteht aus Gummi,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser Wandler (10) eine selbsttragende Spule (12) enthält, die an dieser Membran (14) durch Kleben befestigt ist und dass diese Aufhängung (16) eine Dicke zwischen 50 und 100 µm hat.
  2. Elektrodynamischer Wandler nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die erwähnte Membran (14) aus einem Material ausgewählt wird, das zur Gruppe mit Beryllium, Magnesium und Aluminium gehört.
  3. Elektrodynamischer Wandler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die erwähnte Spule (12) einen einzigen Leiter enthält, um sich selbst gewickelt, entsprechend der Höhe dieses Elektrodynamischen Wandlers (10).
  4. Elektrodynamischer Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem die erwähnte Spule (12) einen Durchmesser (d) zwischen 20 und 30mm aufweist.
  5. Elektrodynamischer Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem die erwähnte Spule (12) eine Höhe (h) zwischen 4 und 5mm aufweist.
  6. Elektrodynamischer Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem der erwähnte elektrodynamischer Wandler (10) eine Öffnungsfläche von über 35% aufweist.
  7. Elektrodynamischer Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei dem dieser elektrodynamische Wandler (10) eine Compliance von über 40mm/N aufweist.
  8. Headset mit einem elektrodynamischen Wandler (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7.
EP17729135.8A 2016-06-13 2017-06-13 Elektrodynamischer breitbandwandler für audiokopfhörer und entsprechender audiokopfhörer Active EP3469812B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1655416A FR3052624B1 (fr) 2016-06-13 2016-06-13 Transducteur electrodynamique large bande pour casque audio et casque audio associe
PCT/EP2017/064332 WO2017216126A1 (fr) 2016-06-13 2017-06-13 Transducteur electrodynamique large bande pour casque audio et casque audio associe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3469812A1 EP3469812A1 (de) 2019-04-17
EP3469812B1 true EP3469812B1 (de) 2020-08-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17729135.8A Active EP3469812B1 (de) 2016-06-13 2017-06-13 Elektrodynamischer breitbandwandler für audiokopfhörer und entsprechender audiokopfhörer

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10932026B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3469812B1 (de)
CN (1) CN109314823B (de)
FR (1) FR3052624B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2017216126A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10812896B2 (en) * 2019-03-21 2020-10-20 Facebook Technologies, Llc High compliance microspeakers for vibration mitigation in a personal audio device

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08205285A (ja) * 1995-01-31 1996-08-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd スピーカ
WO2007093903A1 (en) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-23 Bang & Olufsen Icepower A/S A micro-transducer with improved perceived sound quality
CN102823274A (zh) * 2011-04-08 2012-12-12 吾妻化成株式会社 微型扬声器用振动膜边缘材料、微型扬声器用振动膜、微型扬声器及电子设备
CN202713592U (zh) * 2012-08-14 2013-01-30 东莞正阳电子有限公司 一种大动态的扬声器振动板
US9668058B2 (en) * 2014-07-09 2017-05-30 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Speaker diaphragm, speaker, device, and method for manufacturing speaker diaphragm
US20160150311A1 (en) * 2014-11-21 2016-05-26 Peak Audio Llc Methods and systems for processing sound waves
EP3041263B1 (de) * 2014-12-30 2022-01-05 Sonion Nederland B.V. Hybridempfängermodul
US9883290B2 (en) * 2014-12-31 2018-01-30 Skullcandy, Inc. Audio driver assembly, headphone including such an audio driver assembly, and related methods
US10178469B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2019-01-08 Google Llc Damping spring
US9998829B2 (en) * 2016-06-27 2018-06-12 Google Llc Bone conduction transducer with increased low frequency performance

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3052624A1 (fr) 2017-12-15
WO2017216126A1 (fr) 2017-12-21
US10932026B2 (en) 2021-02-23
FR3052624B1 (fr) 2019-11-08
US20190306605A1 (en) 2019-10-03
CN109314823A (zh) 2019-02-05
CN109314823B (zh) 2021-05-28
EP3469812A1 (de) 2019-04-17

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