EP2514803B1 - Améliorations pour huiles de carburant - Google Patents
Améliorations pour huiles de carburant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2514803B1 EP2514803B1 EP12158640.8A EP12158640A EP2514803B1 EP 2514803 B1 EP2514803 B1 EP 2514803B1 EP 12158640 A EP12158640 A EP 12158640A EP 2514803 B1 EP2514803 B1 EP 2514803B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel oil
- blend
- polymer
- ethylene
- vinyl ester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 66
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010771 distillate fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WBZPMFHFKXZDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 6,6-dimethylheptanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCC(=O)OC=C WBZPMFHFKXZDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OC=C TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006539 C12 alkyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- DGJZAAXKXDMFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 8,8-dimethylnonanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCCC(=O)OC=C DGJZAAXKXDMFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 17
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004233 Indanthrene blue RS Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001752 chlorophylls and chlorophyllins Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC=C YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC=C WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSWBCVAMKPSAPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OC=C YSWBCVAMKPSAPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZWYWAIOTBEZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC=C LZWYWAIOTBEZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBDADGJLZNIRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C QBDADGJLZNIRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLSZOQFMYAIZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl undecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C QLSZOQFMYAIZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940013317 fish oils Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPKFJIVNCKUXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound O=C.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O XPKFJIVNCKUXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010460 hemp oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008164 mustard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATZHWSYYKQKSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C ATZHWSYYKQKSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
- C10L10/16—Pour-point depressants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
Definitions
- This invention relates to fuel oil compositions with improved low-temperature properties.
- Fuel oils derived from petroleum sources contain n- alkanes that at low temperatures, tend to precipitate as large, plate-like crystals or spherulites of wax in such a way as to form a gel structure which causes the fuel oil to lose its ability to flow.
- the lowest temperature at which the fuel will still flow is known as the pour point.
- additives inhibit this and cause the waxes to adopt an acicular habit, the resulting needles being more likely to pass through a filter, or form a porous layer of crystals on the filter, than are platelets.
- Other additives may also have the effect of retaining the wax crystals in suspension in the fuel, reducing settling and thus also assisting in the prevention of blockages. Additives of these types are commonly referred to as cold-flow additives.
- EP 1 690 919A1 discloses flow improves that are effective in certain types of fuel in which the C17 to 21 n-alkane distribution is raised and that above C22 is lowered.
- a fuel oil composition comprising (A) a fuel oil having a mass % against n-alkane carbon number distribution curve, wherein n-alkane includes any ester having the same melting point as an n-alkane, characterised by: a gradient from carbon number 18 to carbon number 26 that is less than -0.30, such as less than -0.35, such as less than -0.5; and a ratio of the mass of n-alkanes of carbon number greater than 22 to the mass of n-alkanes from carbon number 18 to carbon number 21 that does not exceed 0.25, such as not exceeding 0.20 or 0.10; and (B) as an additive, at least one ethylene polymer.
- Hydrotreated vegetable oils tend to be more uniform in composition and properties and have fewer impurities than methyl ester bio-diesels.
- the process of hydrotreating also allows greater control over the products obtained. It would thus be desirable to be able to use HVO as a blend component for petroleum-derived diesel fuels.
- HVOs tend to have a well-defined and narrow n-alkane distribution.
- the addition of such a blend component to a petroleum-derived diesel fuel gives rise to a 'spike' in the overall n-alkane distribution of a diesel-HVO fuel blend. This 'spike' alters the n-alkane distribution in the region which is most crucial for low-temperature performance.
- a petroleum diesel fuel which could otherwise be easily treated with conventional cold-flow additives will be rendered essentially untreatable by the addition of a significant amount of HVO. This places a practical restriction on the use of HVO as a blend component for diesel fuels, particularly for use in regions where low temperature performance is important.
- oils suitable for hydrotreating may be obtained from sources other than vegetable oils. Oils and fats from animal and fish sources are also suitable.
- the term 'HVO' is used in this specification for convenience and encompasses hydrotreated oils obtained from any suitable source and thus should not be read as limited to those oils obtained only from vegetable sources.
- the present invention is based on the discovery that specific combinations of polymeric cold-flow additives are effective to improve the low temperature properties of blends of petroleum-derived diesel fuel and HVO.
- the present invention provides a fuel oil composition
- a fuel oil composition comprising a fuel oil blend, at least one ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and at least one polyalkylmethacrylate polymer
- the fuel oil blend comprises a middle-distillate fuel oil and a hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil, and wherein the amount of hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil in the fuel oil blend is sufficient to provide the blend with an increase in the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of the middle-distillate alone
- the combined total amount of ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and polyalkylmethacrylate polymer in the fuel oil composition is in the range from 100 to 5,000 ppm by weight, based on the weight of the fuel oil blend, and wherein the weight ratio of ethylene-vinyl ester to polyalkylmethacrylate polymer in the fuel oil composition is in the range from 1:8 to 8:1.
- the present invention provides a method according to claim 11 of improving the low temperature properties of a blend of a middle-distillate fuel oil and a hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil, wherein the amount of hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil in the blend is sufficient to provide the blend with an increase in the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of at least 3% by weight over the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of the middle-distillate alone, the method comprising adding to the blend at least one ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and at least one polyalkylmethacrylate polymer.
- the present invention provides the use according to claim 12 of at least one ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and at least one polyalkylmethacrylate polymer to improve the low temperature properties of a blend of a middle-distillate fuel oil and a hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil, wherein the amount of hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil in the blend is sufficient to provide the blend with an increase in the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of at least 3% by weight over the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of the middle-distillate alone.
- the improvement in low temperature properties of the blend of a middle-distillate fuel oil and a hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil is as determined by CFPP measurement.
- the at least one ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and the at least one polyalkylmethacrylate polymer may be added separately to the fuel oil blend, or added to the blend together as an additive composition. It is also within the scope of the present invention to add both of the polymers to the middle-distillate fuel oil and then blend this mixture with the hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil, or to add both of the polymers to the hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil and then blend this mixture with the middle-distillate fuel oil. Finally, one of the polymers may be added to one of the fuel blend components and the other polymer added to the other fuel blend component, the final fuel oil composition being the result of combining the two mixtures so obtained.
- the fuel oil blend comprises a middle-distillate fuel oil and a hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil.
- Middle-distillate fuel oils generally boil within the range of from 110°C to 500°C, e.g. 150°C to 400°C.
- the present invention is applicable to middle-distillate fuel oils of all types, including the broad-boiling distillates, i.e., those having a 90%-20% boiling temperature difference, as measured in accordance with ASTM D-86, of 50°C or more.
- the middle-distillate fuel oil may comprise atmospheric distillate or vacuum distillate, cracked gas oil, or a blend in any proportion of straight run and thermally and/or catalytically cracked distillates.
- the most common petroleum distillate fuels are kerosene, jet fuels, diesel fuels, heating oils and heavy fuel oils.
- the heating oil may be a straight atmospheric distillate, or may also contain vacuum gas oil or cracked gas oil or both.
- the middle-distillate fuel oil is preferably a low sulphur content fuel oil.
- the sulphur content of the fuel oil will be less than 500ppm (parts per million by weight).
- the sulphur content of the fuel will be less than 100ppm, for example, less than 50ppm.
- Fuel oils with even lower sulphur contents, for example less that 20ppm or less than 10ppm are also suitable. Suitable are middle-distillate diesel fuels meeting the EN 590 or ASTM D 975 standard specifications.
- the hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil may be produced in a known manner from natural raw materials containing fatty acids, fatty acid esters (e.g. tri-glyceride oils) and mixtures of these.
- Suitable vegetable-based raw materials are rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soyabean oil, hemp oil, olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, peanut oil, castor oil and the like. Included within the scope of vegetable-based are oils obtained from wood, e.g. tall oil. Animal-based fats and oils include tallow and lard. Also suitable are used and recycled fats and oils from the food industry.
- the hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oil may be obtained from the natural raw materials by hydrogenating and decomposing the fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters to produce predominantly n-paraffins having between 12 and 24 carbon atoms.
- the patent literature describes several examples of processes to produce hydrotreated vegetable, animal or fish oils suitable for use in the present invention. See for example US 4,992,605 , US 5,705,722 , FR 2 607 803 , WO2004/022674 A1 and WO2007/068795 A1 .
- the fuel oil blend preferably contains a major proportion of the middle-distillate fuel oil and a minor proportion of the HVO.
- the amount of HVO contained in the fuel oil blend is an amount which is sufficient to provide the fuel oil blend with an increase (spike) in the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of at least 3% by weight over the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of the middle-distillate alone.
- the actual amount of HVO required to obtain a 3% by weight increase will vary with the isomerisation level of the HVO and the n-alkane distribution of the middle-distillate fuel oil.
- the amount of HVO contained in the fuel oil blend is an amount which is sufficient to provide the fuel oil blend with an increase (spike) in the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of at least 3.5% by weight, more preferably at least 4% by weight, over the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of the middle-distillate alone.
- the amount of HVO contained in the fuel oil blend is not greater than the amount which is sufficient to provide the fuel oil blend with an increase (spike) in the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of more than 25% by weight, over the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution of the middle-distillate alone.
- Determination of the extent of the 'spike' in the C 15 to C 20 n-alkane distribution is simply a matter of subtracting the appropriate part of the n-alkane distribution of the middle-distillate fuel oil from that of the blend.
- Techniques for determining the n-alkane distributions of fuel oils will be known to those skilled in the art. Gas chromatography is a suitable method.
- the fuel oil blend will comprise from 50 to 95%, preferably from 65 to 95% by weight of the middle-distillate and from 5 to 50%, preferably from 5 to 35% by weight of HVO.
- the ethylene-vinyl ester polymer comprises a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl ester, wherein the copolymer has a vinyl ester content of between 5 and 25 mole %, preferably between 10 and 20 mole%.
- the ethylene-vinyl ester polymer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) as measured by GPC with reference to polystyrene standards of between 2,000 and 10,000, more preferably between 3,000 and 9,000, for example between 3,000 and 7,000.
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the alkyl group may optionally be substituted by one or more hydroxyl groups.
- Group R may be linear or branched. In a preferred embodiment where R is branched, R is a branched alkyl group or a neoalkyl group having from 7 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms.
- Suitable are vinyl esters derived from secondary or tertiary carboxylic acids with a branching point in the alpha-position to the carbonyl group.
- the vinyl ester is chosen from the group of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl heptanoate, vinyl octanoate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl neodecanoate, vinyl neononanoate and vinyl undecanoate.
- Vinyl acetate is most preferred.
- the ethylene-vinyl ester polymer comprises a terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and a further vinyl ester corresponding to formula (I) which is not vinyl acetate.
- this terpolymer comprises a terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and a branched-chain ester chosen from the group of vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl neononanoate, vinyl neodecanoate and vinyl neoundecanoate.
- the total ester content of the polymers is preferably 5 to 30 mole%, more preferably 10 to 20 mole %, for example from 12 to 18 mole%.
- the terpolymers have a number average molecular weight (Mn) as measured by GPC with reference to polystyrene standards of between 2,500 and 12,000, more preferably between 3,000 and 9,000, for example between 4,000 and 7,000.
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the polymers may be made from ethylene and vinyl ester monomers by processes known in the art.
- the polyalkylmethacrylate polymer is preferably formed or obtainable from monomers corresponding to formula (II) wherein R 1 is a C 4 to C 16 alkyl group, preferably a C 8 to C 16 alkyl group, more preferably a C 12 to C 16 alkyl group.
- R 1 is a C 4 to C 16 alkyl group, preferably a C 8 to C 16 alkyl group, more preferably a C 12 to C 16 alkyl group.
- Single monomers where each R 1 group is the same or mixtures of monomers with different R 1 groups within the given ranges are suitable.
- Preferred are polymers where the monomers used are exclusively or predominantly those having as R 1 a C 14 alkyl group (tetradecyl), or a C 12 alkyl group (dodecyl).
- the at least one polyalkylmethacrylate polymer has a number average molecular weight in the range from 1,500 to 6,000, more preferably from 2,000 to 4,000, as measured by GPC with reference to polystyrene standards.
- the combined total amount of ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and polyalkylmethacrylate polymer in the fuel oil composition is in the range from 100 to 5,000 ppm by weight, based on the weight of the fuel oil blend.
- the combined total amount of ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and polyalkylmethacrylate polymer in the fuel oil composition is in the range from 200 to 3,000 ppm by weight, for example 500 to 2,500 ppm by weight, based on the weight of the fuel oil blend.
- the weight ratio of ethylene-vinyl ester polymer to polyalkylmethacrylate polymer in the fuel oil composition is in the range from 1:8 to 8:1, preferably from 1:5 to 5:1, for example from 1:2 to 2:1.
- the fuel oil composition may further contain one or more co-additives.
- These additives may be additional cold-flow additives which may further enhance the low temperature properties of the fuel oil composition and/or they may be co-additives used to provide the fuel oil composition with additional advantageous properties.
- a preferred additional cold-flow additive is an oil-soluble hydrogenated block diene polymer.
- this block diene polymer comprises at least one crystallisable block, obtainable by end-to-end polymerisation of a linear diene, and at least one non-crystallisable block, the non-crystallisable block being obtainable by 1,2-configuration polymerisation of a linear diene, by polymerisation of a branched diene, or by a mixture of such polymerisations.
- the total number of carbon atoms in the comonomer of formula (III) is 5 to 8.
- a preferred comonomer of formula (III) is isoprene.
- the block copolymer contains at least 10% by weight of units derived from butadiene.
- the crystallisable block or blocks will be the hydrogenation product of the unit resulting from predominantly 1,4 or end-to-end polymerisation of butadiene, while the non-crystallisable block or blocks will be the hydrogenation product of the unit resulting from 1,2 polymerisation of butadiene or from 1,4 polymerisation of an alkyl-substituted butadiene.
- the fuel oil composition comprises, in addition to the at least one ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and the at least one polymethacrylate polymer, an oil-soluble hydrogenated block diene polymer as described herein.
- the amount of oil-soluble hydrogenated block diene polymer is in the range of from 1% to 20% by weight of combined total amount of ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and polyalkylmethacrylate polymer, more preferably in the range of from 1% to 15%, for example 5% to 15%.
- additional cold-flow additives include comb polymers such as fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymers; hydrocarbon polymers such as ethylene ⁇ -olefin copolymers, and similar polymers. Such species are known in the art. Also suitable are additives known in the art as wax anti-settling additives (WASA) which are usually oil-soluble polar nitrogen compounds. Also suitable are condensate species such as alkyl-phenol formaldehyde condensates as described for example in EP 0 857 776 B1 and EP-A-1 767 610 , or hydroxy-benzoate formaldehyde condensates as described in EP-A-1 482 024 .
- WASA wax anti-settling additives
- condensate species such as alkyl-phenol formaldehyde condensates as described for example in EP 0 857 776 B1 and EP-A-1 767 610 , or hydroxy-benzoate formaldehyde condensates as described in EP-A-1 482 02
- Types of co-additives useful to provide the fuel oil composition with additional advantageous properties will be known in the art. These include lubricity additives, anti-oxidants, electrical conductivity improving additives, metal deactivators, demulsifiers and the like. When used, these additional additives are used in conventional amounts.
- Table 1 Component Type Description A ethylene vinyl acetate 12 mol% vinyl acetate, Mn 4600 B ethylene vinyl acetate/ vinyl 2-ethyl hexanoate 1.7 mol% vinyl acetate; 15.5 mol% vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate; Mn 6300 C ethylene vinyl acetate/ vinyl 2-ethyl hexanoate 3.5 mol% vinyl acetate; 11.2 mol% vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate; Mn 5770 D polyalkylmethacrylate Tetradecylmethacrylate, Mn 2600 E hydrogenated block diene Butadiene-derived
- CFPP Cold Filter Plugging Point
- the test which is carried out by the procedure described in detail in " Jn. Of the Institute of Petroleum ", vol. 52, No. 510 (1996), pp 173-285 , is designed to correlate with the cold flow of a middle distillate in automotive diesels.
- a sample of the oil to be tested (40 cm 3 ) is cooled in a bath which is maintained at about -34°C to give linear cooling at about 1°C/min.
- the oil Periodically (at each one degree centigrade starting from above the cloud point), the oil is tested for its ability to flow through a fine screen in a prescribed time period using a test device which is a pipette to whose lower end is attached an inverted funnel which is positioned below the surface of the oil to be tested. Stretched across the mouth of the funnel is a 350 mesh screen having an area defined by a 12 mm diameter.
- the periodic tests are initiated by applying a vacuum to the upper end of the pipette whereby oil is drawn through the screen up into the pipette to a mark indicating 20 cm 3 of oil. After each successful passage, the oil is returned immediately to the CFPP tube.
- Examples not according to the present invention had little effect on the CFPP of the diesel fuel/HVO blend.
- examples of the invention Examples 8 to 11 inclusive were able to depress the CFPP of the fuel blend to a significant degree.
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Claims (13)
- Composition de fuel-oil comprenant un mélange à base de fuel-oil, au moins un polymère éthylène-ester vinylique et au moins un polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle), dans laquelle le mélange à base de fuel-oil comprend un fuel-oil distillé moyen et une huile hydrotraitée végétale, animale ou de poisson, dans laquelle la quantité d'huile hydrotraitée végétale, animale ou de poisson dans le mélange à base de fuel-oil est suffisante pour conférer au mélange une augmentation dans la distribution des n-alcanes en C15 à C20 d'au moins 3 % en poids par rapport à la distribution des n-alcanes en C15 à C20 du distillat moyen seul, la quantité totale combinée de polymère éthylène-ester vinylique et du polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle) dans la composition de fuel-oil étant comprise dans l'intervalle de 100 à 5000 ppm en poids, sur la base du poids du mélange à base de fuel-oil, et le rapport pondéral du polymère éthylène-ester vinylique au polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle) dans la composition de fuel-oil étant compris dans l'intervalle de 1:8 à 8:1.
- Composition de fuel-oil suivant la revendication 2, dans laquelle R1 représente un groupe alkyle en C8 à C16, plus avantageusement un groupe alkyle en C12 à C16.
- Composition de fuel-oil suivant la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, dans laquelle R1 représente un groupe alkyle en C14 ou R1 représente un groupe alkyle en C12.
- Composition de fuel-oil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la moyenne en nombre du poids moléculaire dudit au moins un polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle) est comprise dans l'intervalle de 1500 à 6000, de la manière mesurée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GPC) par rapport à des échantillons de polystyrène de référence.
- Composition de fuel-oil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit au moins un polymère éthylène-ester vinylique comprend un copolymère d'éthylène et d'un ester vinylique, le copolymère ayant une teneur en ester vinylique entre 5 et 25 % en moles, de préférence entre 10 et 20 % en moles.
- Composition de fuel-oil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle ledit au moins un polymère éthylène-ester vinylique comprend un terpolymère d'éthylène, d'acétate de vinyle et d'un ester à chaîne ramifiée choisi dans le groupe contenant le 2-éthylhexanoate de vinyle, le néononanoate de vinyle, le néodécanoate de vinyle et le néoundécanoate de vinyle.
- Composition de fuel-oil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ladite composition de fuel-oil contenant en outre un ou plusieurs co-additifs, de préférence un additif d'écoulement à froid supplémentaire.
- Composition de fuel-oil suivant la revendication 8, dans laquelle le ou les co-additifs comprennent un polymère diénique séquencé hydrogéné, soluble dans l'huile.
- Composition de fuel-oil suivant la revendication 9, dans laquelle le ou les co-additifs comprennent un ou plusieurs additifs choisis dans le groupe d'additifs d'onctuosité, d'antioxydants, d'additifs améliorant la conductivité électrique, de désactivateurs de métaux et de désémulsionnants.
- Procédé d'amélioration des propriétés à basse température d'un mélange d'un fuel-oil distillé moyen et d'une huile hydrotraitée végétale, animale ou de poisson, dans lequel la quantité d'huile hydrotraitée végétale, animale ou de poisson dans le mélange est suffisante pour conférer au mélange une augmentation dans la distribution des n-alcanes en C15 à C20 d'au moins 3 % en poids par rapport à la distribution des n-alcanes en C15 à C20 du distillat moyen seul, le procédé comprenant l'addition au mélange d'au moins un polymère éthylène-ester vinylique et d'au moins un polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle), la quantité totale combinée de polymère éthylène-ester vinylique et du polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle) dans la composition de fuel-oil étant comprise dans l'intervalle de 100 à 5000 ppm en poids, sur la base du poids du mélange à base de fuel-oil, et le rapport pondéral du polymère éthylène-ester vinylique au polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle) dans la composition de fuel-oil étant compris dans l'intervalle de 1:8 à 8:1.
- Utilisation d'au moins un polymère éthylène-ester vinylique et d'au moins un polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle) pour améliorer les propriétés à basse température d'un mélange d'un fuel-oil distillé moyen et d'une huile hydrotraitée végétale, animale ou de poisson, dans laquelle la quantité d'huile hydrotraitée végétale, animale ou de poisson dans le mélange est suffisante pour conférer au mélange une augmentation dans la distribution des n-alcanes en C15 à C20 d'au moins 3 % en poids par rapport à la distribution des n-alcanes en C15 à C20 du distillat moyen seul, dans laquelle la quantité totale combinée du polymère éthylène-ester vinylique et du polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle) utilisée est comprise dans l'intervalle de 100 à 5000 ppm en poids, sur la base du poids du mélange à base de fuel-oil, et dans laquelle le rapport pondéral du polymère éthylène-ester vinylique au polymère poly(méthacrylate d'alkyle) est compris dans l'intervalle de 1:8 à 8:1.
- Procédé suivant la revendication 11 ou utilisation suivant la revendication 12, dans lequel l'amélioration des propriétés à basse température du mélange d'un fuel-oil distillé moyen et d'une huile hydrotraitée végétale, animale ou de poisson est telle que déterminée par mesure du point de colmatage de filtre à froid (CFPP).
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EP12158640.8A EP2514803B1 (fr) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-03-08 | Améliorations pour huiles de carburant |
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EP12158640.8A EP2514803B1 (fr) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-03-08 | Améliorations pour huiles de carburant |
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US20130212931A1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-22 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Biofuel having improved cold flow properties |
CN104204160A (zh) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-12-10 | 赢创油品添加剂有限公司 | 冷流改进剂组合物用于燃料、其与生物燃料的掺混物和其制剂的用途 |
CN107267197A (zh) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-10-20 | 马鞍山中粮生物化学有限公司 | 一种石油用高效破乳剂及其制备方法 |
TW202122429A (zh) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-06-16 | 巴西商布拉斯科股份公司 | 聚乙烯共聚物及其產品與方法 |
US11827815B2 (en) | 2021-01-19 | 2023-11-28 | Braskem S.A. | Polyethylene copolymer and terpolymer hotmelt adhesive compositions, articles and methods of preparing same |
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US20120266524A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
JP5960486B2 (ja) | 2016-08-02 |
CN102746908A (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
EP2514803A1 (fr) | 2012-10-24 |
CA2774619C (fr) | 2018-08-21 |
CA2774619A1 (fr) | 2012-10-21 |
CN102746908B (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
JP2012224854A (ja) | 2012-11-15 |
KR20120120044A (ko) | 2012-11-01 |
KR102023194B1 (ko) | 2019-11-04 |
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