EP2504037A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender, aufgeschäumter polymerpartikel - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender, aufgeschäumter polymerpartikel

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Publication number
EP2504037A1
EP2504037A1 EP10778674A EP10778674A EP2504037A1 EP 2504037 A1 EP2504037 A1 EP 2504037A1 EP 10778674 A EP10778674 A EP 10778674A EP 10778674 A EP10778674 A EP 10778674A EP 2504037 A1 EP2504037 A1 EP 2504037A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymer particles
water
absorbing polymer
monomer
mol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10778674A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco Javier Lopez Villanueva
Markus LINSENBÜHLER
Matthias Weismantel
Bernd Siegel
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BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Priority to EP10778674A priority Critical patent/EP2504037A1/de
Publication of EP2504037A1 publication Critical patent/EP2504037A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/04—Polymerisation in solution
    • C08F2/10—Aqueous solvent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/425—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
    • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
    • C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
    • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
    • C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
    • C08J2207/12—Sanitary use, e.g. diapers, napkins or bandages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
    • C08J2300/14—Water soluble or water swellable polymers, e.g. aqueous gels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
    • C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of water-absorbing polymer particles, comprising polymerization of a foamed monomer solution or suspension, drying, milling and classification.
  • Water-absorbing polymers are absorbent products which are absorbent as aqueous solutions for the preparation of diapers, but also as water-retaining agents in the art
  • Water-absorbing foams based on monomers containing crosslinked acid groups are known, for example from EP 0 858 478 B1, WO 97/31971 A1, WO 99/44648 A1 and WO 00/52087 A1. They are, for example, by foaming
  • Foaming of the polymerizable mixture may be accomplished by dispersing fine bubbles of a radical-inert gas or through
  • the foams are used, for example, in hygiene articles for the acquisition, distribution and storage of body fluids.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide water-absorbing polymer particles having an improved property profile, such as a high liquid transfer (SFC) and in particular a high swelling rate (FSR).
  • SFC high liquid transfer
  • FSR high swelling rate
  • the object has been achieved by a process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles by polymerization of a foamed aqueous monomer solution or suspension comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated, acid group-carrying monomer which is neutralized to 25 to 95 mol%,
  • At least one surfactant optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the monomers mentioned under a),
  • the monomer solution or suspension is polymerized to a polymeric foam and dried, characterized in that the polymeric foam is then ground and classified.
  • the resulting water-absorbing polymer particles are usually water-insoluble.
  • the monomers a) are preferably water-soluble, i. the solubility in water at 23 ° C. is typically at least 1 g / 100 g of water, preferably at least 5 g / 100 g of water, more preferably at least 25 g / 100 g of water, most preferably at least 35 g / 100 g of water.
  • Suitable monomers a) are, for example, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid. Particularly preferred monomers are acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Very particular preference is given to acrylic acid.
  • Suitable monomers a) are, for example, ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids, such as styrenesulfonic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS).
  • sulfonic acids such as styrenesulfonic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS).
  • AMPS 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
  • a suitable monomer a) is, for example, an acrylic acid purified according to WO 2004/035514 A1 with 99.8460% by weight of acrylic acid, 0.0950% by weight of acetic acid, 0.0332% by weight of water, 0.0203% by weight.
  • Propionic acid 0.0001% by weight furfurale, 0.0001% by weight maleic anhydride
  • the amount of monomer a) is preferably 20 to 90 wt .-%, particularly preferably 30 to 85 wt .-%, most preferably 35 to 75 wt .-%, each based on the unneutralized monomer a) and on the Monomer solution or suspension. Based on the unneutralized monomer a) in the context of this invention means that for the calculation of the proportion of the monomer a) is used prior to neutralization, i. the contribution of neutralization is disregarded.
  • the acid groups of the monomers a) are from 25 to 95 mol%, preferably from 40 to 85 mol%, preferably from 50 to 80 mol%, particularly preferably from 55 to 75 mol%, neutralized, wherein the customary neutralizing agents can be used, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal carbonates or alkali metal hydrogencarbonates and mixtures thereof.
  • the neutralization can also be carried out with ammonia, amines or alkanolamines, such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
  • At least 50 mol%, preferably at least 75 mol%, particularly preferably at least 90 mol%, very particularly preferably at least 95 mol%, of the neutralized monomers a) by means of an inorganic base Preferably, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide were neutralized.
  • a high degree of neutralization and a high level of inorganic base neutralized acid groups reduces the flexibility of the resulting polymeric foams and facilitates subsequent milling.
  • the proportion of acrylic acid and / or salts thereof in the total amount of monomers a) is preferably at least 50 mol%, particularly preferably at least 90 mol%, very particularly preferably at least 95 mol%.
  • the monomers a) usually contain polymerization inhibitors, preferably hydroquinone half ethers, as a storage stabilizer.
  • the monomer solution preferably contains up to 250 ppm by weight, preferably at most 130 ppm by weight, more preferably at most 70 ppm by weight, preferably at least 10 ppm by weight, more preferably at least 30 ppm by weight, in particular by 50% by weight .-ppm, hydroquinone, in each case based on the unneutralized monomer a).
  • an ethylenically unsaturated, acid group-carrying monomer having a corresponding content of hydroquinone half-ether can be used to prepare the monomer solution.
  • Preferred hydroquinone half ethers are hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) and / or alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E).
  • Suitable crosslinkers b) are compounds having at least two groups suitable for crosslinking. Such groups are, for example, ethylenically unsaturated groups which can be radically copolymerized into the polymer chain, and functional groups which can form covalent bonds with the acid groups of the monomer a). Furthermore, polyvalent metal salts which can form coordinative bonds with at least two acid groups of the monomer a) are also suitable as crosslinking agents b).
  • Crosslinkers b) are preferably compounds having at least two polymerizable groups which can be incorporated in the polymer network in free-radically polymerized form.
  • Suitable crosslinkers b) are, for example, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, triallylamine, tetraallylammonium chloride, tetraallyloxyethane, as described in EP 0 530 438 A1, di- and triacrylates, as in EP 0 547 847 A1, EP 0 559 476 A1, EP 0 632 068 A1, WO 93/21237 A1, WO 2003/104299 A1, WO 2003/104300 A1,
  • WO 2003/104301 A1 and DE 103 31 450 A1 mixed acrylates which, in addition to acrylate groups, contain further ethylenically unsaturated groups, as described in DE 103 31 456 A1 and DE 103 55 401 A1, or crosslinker mixtures, as described, for example, in DE 195 43 368 A1, DE 196 46 484 A1, WO 90/15830 A1 and WO 2002/032962 A2.
  • Preferred crosslinkers b) are pentaerythritol triallyl ether, tetraalloxyethane, methylenebis methacrylamide, 15-times ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and triallylamine.
  • Very particularly preferred crosslinkers b) are the polyethoxylated and / or propoxylated glycerols esterified with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to form di- or triacrylates, as described, for example, in WO 2003/104301 A1.
  • Particularly advantageous are di- and / or triacrylates of 3- to 10-fold ethoxylated glycerol.
  • diacrylates or triacrylates of 1 to 5 times ethoxylated and / or propoxylated glycerol.
  • Most preferred are the triacrylates of 3 to 5 times ethoxylated and / or propoxylated glycerol, in particular the triacrylate of 3-times ethoxylated glycerol.
  • the amount of crosslinker b) is preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, more preferably 2 to 7 wt .-%, most preferably 3 to 5 wt .-%, each based on the unneutralized monomer a).
  • the centrifuge retention capacity decreases and the absorption under a pressure of 21.0 g / cm 2 (AUL 0.3 psi) passes through a maximum.
  • initiators c) it is possible to use all compounds which generate radicals under the polymerization conditions, for example thermal initiators, redox initiators, photoinitiators.
  • Thermal initiators are, for example, peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates and azo initiators.
  • Suitable azo initiators are, for example, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis (N, N-dimethylene) isobutyramidine dihydrochloride, 2- (carbamoylazo) isobutyronitrile, 2,2'- Azobis [2- (2'-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride and 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid).
  • Photoinitiators are for example oc-splitters, H-abstracting systems and azides.
  • Suitable oc-splitters or H-abstracting systems are, for example, benzophenone derivatives, such as Michler's ketone, phenanthrene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives, thioxanthone derivatives, coumarin derivatives, benzoin ethers and derivatives thereof.
  • benzophenone derivatives such as Michler's ketone, phenanthrene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives, thioxanthone derivatives, coumarin derivatives, benzoin ethers and derivatives thereof.
  • azo initiators such as the radical generators mentioned above, substituted hexaarylbisimidazoles or acylphosphine oxides.
  • azides examples include 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl-4-azidocinnamate, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl-4-azidonaphthyl ketone, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) - ethyl 4-azidobenzoate, 5-azido-1-naphthyl-2 '- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethylsulfone, N- (4-sulfonylazidophenyl) maleimide, N-acetyl-4-sulfonylazidoaniline, 4-sulfonylazidoaniline, 4 Azidoaniline, 4-azidophenacyl bromide, p-azidobenzoic acid,
  • the initiators c) are used in conventional amounts, preferably at least 0.01 mol%, particularly preferably at least 0.05 mol%, very particularly preferably at least 1 mol%, and usually less than 5 mol%, preferably less than 2 mol%, based on the monomers a).
  • the surfactants d) are of crucial importance for the preparation and stabilization of the foamed monomer solution or suspension.
  • Usable nonionic surfactants are, for example, addition products of alkylene oxides, in particular ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide with alcohols, amines, phenols, naphthols or carboxylic acids.
  • the surfactants used are advantageously addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with alcohols containing at least 10 carbon atoms, the addition products containing 3 to 200 moles of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • the addition products contain the alkylene oxide units in the form of blocks or in random distribution.
  • nonionic surfactants which can be used are the addition products of 7 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of tallow fatty alcohol, reaction products of 9 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of tallow fatty alcohol and addition products of 80 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of tallow fatty alcohol.
  • Other useful commercial nonionic surfactants consist of reaction products of Oxoal- koholen or Ziegler alcohols with 5 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, especially with 7 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • Other useful commercial nonionic surfactants are obtained by ethoxylation of castor oil. For example, 12 to 80 moles of ethylene oxide are added per mole of castor oil.
  • Further commercial products which can be used are, for example, the reaction products of 18 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of tallow fatty alcohol, the addition products of 10 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of a Ci3 / Ci5-oxoalcohol, or the reaction products of 7 to 8 moles of ethylene oxide to 1 Mol of a Ci3 / Ci5-Oxoalkohols.
  • Further suitable nonionic surfactants are phenol alkoxylates, such as, for example, p-tert-butylphenol, which has been reacted with 9 mol of ethylene oxide, or methyl ethers of reaction products of 1 mol of a C 12 -C 18 -alcohol and 7.5 mol of ethylene oxide.
  • the nonionic surfactants described above can be converted, for example, by esterification with sulfuric acid into the corresponding sulfuric acid half esters.
  • the sulfuric acid half esters are used in the form of the alkali metal or ammonium salts as anionic surfactants.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are, for example, alkali metal or ammonium salts of sulfuric monoesters of addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, alkali metal or ammonium salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid or of alkylphenol ether sulfates. Products of the type mentioned are commercially available.
  • the sodium salt of a sulfuric acid half-ester of a C13 / C15 oxoalcohol reacted with 106 moles of ethylene oxide, the triethanolamine salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, the sodium salt of alkylphenol ether sulfates and the sodium salt of the sulfuric monoester of a reaction product of 106 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of tallow fatty alcohol are commercially available anionic surfactants.
  • anionic surfactants are sulfuric monoesters of C 13 / C 15 -oxoalcohols, paraffin-sulfonic acids, such as cis-alkylsulfonate, alkyl-substituted benzenesulfonic acids and alkyl-substituted naphthalenesulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and di-n-butylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, and also fatty alcohol phosphates such as C 15 / C 18 -fatty alcohol phosphate.
  • paraffin-sulfonic acids such as cis-alkylsulfonate, alkyl-substituted benzenesulfonic acids and alkyl-substituted naphthalenesulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and di-n-butylnaphthalenesulfonic acid
  • the polymerizable aqueous mixture may contain combinations of a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant or combinations of nonionic surfactants or combinations of anionic surfactants.
  • cationic surfactants are suitable. Examples thereof are the dimethyl sulfate-quaternized reaction products of 6.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of oleylamine, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide and dimethyl sulfate quaternized stearic triethanolamine ester, which is preferably used as cationic surfactant.
  • the surfactant content, based on the unneutralized monomer a) is preferably 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, most preferably 0.5 to 3 wt .-%.
  • Examples of ethylenically unsaturated monomers e) which can be copolymerized with the ethylenically unsaturated monomers having acid groups are acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • Solubilizers f) are water-miscible organic solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, monohydric alcohols, glycols, Polyethylene glycols or monoethers derived therefrom, the monoethers containing no double bonds in the molecule.
  • Suitable ethers are methyl glycol, butyl glycol, butyl diglycol, methyl diglycol, butyl triglycol, 3-ethoxy-1-propanol and glyceryl monomethyl ether.
  • solubilizers f) are used, their content in the monomer solution or suspension is preferably up to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to
  • the monomer solution or suspension may contain thickeners, foam stabilizers, fillers, fibers and / or cell nucleating agents g). Thickeners are used, for example, to optimize the foam structure and to improve foam stability. This ensures that the foam shrinks only slightly during the polymerization. Suitable thickeners are all known natural and synthetic polymers which greatly increase the viscosity of an aqueous system and do not react with the amino groups of the basic polymers. These may be water-swellable or water-soluble synthetic and natural polymers. A detailed overview of thickeners can be found, for example, in the publications of R.Y. Lochhead and W.R. Fron, Cosmetics & Toiletries, 108, 95-135 (May, 1993) and M.T. Clarke, "Rheological Additives" in D. Laba (ed.)
  • suitable water-swellable or water-soluble synthetic polymers which are suitable as thickeners are high molecular weight polyethylene glycols or copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol and high molecular weight polysaccharides such as starch, guar gum, locust bean gum or derivatives of natural substances such as carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and cellulose mixed ethers.
  • Another group of thickeners are water-insoluble products, such as finely divided silica, zeolites, bentonite, cellulose powder or other finely divided powders of crosslinked polymers.
  • the monomer solution or suspension may contain the thickeners in amounts of up to 30% by weight. If such thickening agents are used at all, they are contained in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-% in the monomer solution or suspension.
  • hydrocarbons having at least 5 C atoms in the molecule are, for example, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, isooctane, decane and dodecane.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbons in question may be straight-chain, branched or cyclic and have a boiling temperature above the temperature of the aqueous mixture during foaming. The aliphatic hydrocarbons increase the service life of the not yet polymerized foamed aqueous reaction mixture.
  • hydrocarbons act as cell nucleators and at the same time stabilize the already formed foam. In addition, they can cause further foaming when polymerizing the monomer solution or suspension. You can then also have the function of a propellant.
  • chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbons as cell nucleating agents and / or foam stabilizers, such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichlorofluoromethane or 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane.
  • hydrocarbons are used, for example, in amounts of 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the monomer solution or suspension.
  • one or more fillers may be added, for example chalk, talc, "Gay", titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, alumina, precipitated silicas in hydrophilic or hydrophobic modifications, dolomite and / or calcium sulfate be contained in the monomer solution or suspension in amounts up to 30 wt .-%.
  • the aqueous monomer solutions or suspensions described above are first foamed.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air
  • nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air can be dissolved in the aqueous monomer solution or suspension under a pressure of, for example, 2 to 400 bar, and then be allowed to relax to atmospheric pressure.
  • the gas solubility increases with decreasing temperature, the gas saturation and the subsequent foaming should be carried out at the lowest possible temperature, whereby undesirable precipitation should be avoided.
  • the aqueous monomer solutions or suspensions can also be foamed by another method by dispersing therein fine bubbles of an inert gas.
  • the foaming of the aqueous monomer solutions or suspensions can be carried out in the laboratory, for example, by foaming the aqueous monomer solution or suspension in a food processor equipped with a whisk. Furthermore, it is possible to foam the aqueous monomer solutions or suspensions with carbon dioxide by using carbonates or bicarbonates for neutralization.
  • the generation of foam is preferably carried out in an inert gas atmosphere and with inert gases, for example by adding nitrogen or noble gases under atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, for example up to 25 bar, and then releasing.
  • the consistency of the monomer foams, the size of the gas bubbles and the distribution of the gas bubbles in the monomer foam can be determined, for example, by the Choice of surfactants d), solubilizers f), foam stabilizers, cell nucleating agents, thickeners and fillers g) can be varied within a wide range. This makes it easy to adjust the density, the degree of off-set and the wall thickness of the monomer foam.
  • the aqueous monomer solution or suspension is preferably foamed at temperatures below the boiling point of its constituents, for example at ambient temperature up to 100 ° C., preferably at 0 to 50 ° C., particularly preferably at 5 to 20 ° C.
  • temperatures above the boiling point of the component with the lowest boiling point by foaming the aqueous monomer solution or suspension in a container sealed in a pressure-tight manner. This gives monomer foams which are flowable and stable over a longer period of time.
  • the density of the monomer foams at a temperature of 20 ° C, for example, 0.01 to 0.9 g / cm 3 .
  • the obtained monomer foam can be polymerized on a suitable support.
  • the polymerization is carried out in the presence of customary radical-forming initiators c).
  • the radicals can be generated for example by heating (thermal polymerization) or by irradiation with light of a suitable wavelength (UV polymerization).
  • Polymeric foams having a layer thickness of up to about 5 millimeters are produced, for example, by one-sided or two-sided heating or, in particular, by irradiation of the monomer foams on one or both sides. If thicker polymeric foams are to be produced, for example polymeric foams with thicknesses of several centimeters, the heating of the monomer foam with the aid of microwaves is particularly advantageous because in this way a relatively uniform heating can be achieved.
  • the proportion of unreacted monomer a) and crosslinker b) in the resulting polymeric foam increases.
  • the thermal polymerization takes place, for example, at temperatures of 20 to 180 ° C, preferably in the range of 40 ° C to 160 ° C, in particular at temperatures of 65 to 140 ° C.
  • the monomer foam can be heated on both sides and / or irradiated, for example by means of contact heating or by irradiation or in a drying oven.
  • the resulting polymeric foams are open-celled.
  • the proportion of open cells is for example at least 80%, preferably it is above 90%. Particularly preferred are polymeric foams having an open cell content of 100%.
  • the proportion of open cells in the polymeric foam is determined, for example, by means of scanning electron microscopy (Scanning Electron Microscopy).
  • drying of the polymeric foam takes place. This removes water and other volatile components.
  • suitable drying methods are thermal convection drying, such as circulating air drying, thermal contact drying, such as Drum drying, radiation drying, such as infrared drying, dielectric drying, such as microwave drying, and freeze-drying.
  • the drying temperatures are usually in the range 50 to 250 ° C, preferably 100 to 220 ° C, more preferably 120 to 210 ° C, most preferably 150 to 200 ° C.
  • the preferred residence time at this temperature in the dryer is preferably at least 10 minutes, more preferably at least 20 minutes, most preferably at least 30 minutes, and usually at most 60 minutes.
  • drying it may be advantageous to carry out the drying under reduced pressure, under an inert gas atmosphere and / or under mild thermal conditions in which the product temperature does not exceed 120 ° C., preferably 100 ° C.
  • a particularly suitable drying process is the (vacuum) belt drying.
  • the polymeric foam usually contains less than 10% by weight of water.
  • the water content of the polymeric foam can be arbitrarily adjusted by wetting with water or steam.
  • the dried polymeric foam is then milled and classified, and usually one- or multi-stage roller mills, pin mills, hammer mills or vibratory mills can be used for grinding.
  • the dried polymeric foam is pre-ground by means of a granulator and subsequently reground by means of a baffle plate mill.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles are sieved using appropriate sieves to a particle size in the range of preferably 100 to 1 .mu.m, more preferably 150 to 850 .mu.m, very particularly preferably from 150 to 600 .mu.m.
  • the average particle size of the polymer fraction separated as a product fraction is preferably at least 200 ⁇ m, more preferably from 250 to 600 ⁇ m, very particularly from 300 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the mean particle size of the product fraction can be determined by means of the EDANA recommended test method no. WSP 220.2-05 "Particle size distribution, whereby the mass fractions of the sieve fractions are cumulatively applied and the mean particle size is determined graphically, the average particle size being the value of the mesh width which results for accumulated 50% by weight.
  • the proportion of particles having a particle size of at least 150 ⁇ m is preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 98% by weight. Polymer particles with too small particle size lower the permeability (SFC). Therefore, the proportion of undersized polymer particles (undersize) should be low.
  • Too small polymer particles are therefore usually separated and recycled to the process.
  • the too small polymer particles can be moistened with water and / or aqueous surfactant before or during the recycling.
  • the proportion of particles having a particle size of at most 850 ⁇ m is preferably at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 98% by weight.
  • the proportion of particles with a particle size of at most 710 ⁇ m is preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, most preferably at least 98% by weight.
  • the proportion of particles having a particle size of at most 600 ⁇ m is preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, most preferably at least 98% by weight. Polymer particles with too large particle size are less mechanically stable. Therefore, the proportion of polymer particles too large should also be low.
  • Too large polymer particles are therefore usually separated and recycled to the grinding of the dried Polymergeis.
  • the polymer particles can be surface postcrosslinked to further improve the properties.
  • Suitable surface postcrosslinkers are compounds, contain the groups which can form covalent bonds with at least two carboxylate groups of the polymer particles.
  • Suitable compounds are, for example, polyfunctional amines, polyfunctional amidoamines, polyfunctional epoxides, as described in EP 0 083 022 A2, EP 0 543 303 A1 and EP 0 937 736 A2, di- or polyfunctional alcohols, as described in DE 33 14 019 A1, DE 35 23 617 A1 and EP 0 450 922 A2, or ⁇ -hydroxyalkylamides, as described in DE 102 04 938 A1 and US Pat. No. 6,239,230.
  • DE 102 04 937 A1 describes cyclic ureas, in DE 103 34 584 A1 bicyclic amide acetals, in EP 1 199 327 A2 oxetanes and cyclic ureas and in WO 2003/31482 A1 morpholine-2,3-dione and its derivatives as suitable surface postcrosslinkers.
  • Preferred surface postcrosslinkers are ethylene carbonate, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, reaction products of polyamides with epichlorohydrin and mixtures of propylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol.
  • Very particularly preferred surface postcrosslinkers are 2-hydroxyethyloxazolidin-2-one, oxazolidin-2-one and 1,3-propanediol. Furthermore, it is also possible to use surface postcrosslinkers which contain additional polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups, as described in DE 37 13 601 A1
  • the amount of surface postcrosslinker is preferably 0.001 to 2 wt .-%, more preferably 0.02 to 1 wt .-%, most preferably 0.05 to 0.2 wt .-%, each based on the polymer particles.
  • polyvalent cations are applied to the particle surface before, during or after the surface postcrosslinking in addition to the surface postcrosslinkers.
  • the polyvalent cations which can be used in the process according to the invention are, for example, divalent cations, such as the cations of zinc, magnesium, calcium, iron and strontium, trivalent cations, such as the cations of aluminum, iron, chromium, rare earths and manganese, tetravalent cations, such as the cations of Titanium and zirconium.
  • divalent cations such as the cations of zinc, magnesium, calcium, iron and strontium
  • trivalent cations such as the cations of aluminum, iron, chromium, rare earths and manganese
  • tetravalent cations such as the cations of Titanium and zirconium.
  • a counterion are chloride, bromide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate and Carboxylate, such as acetate and lactate, possible.
  • the amount of polyvalent cation used is, for example, 0.001 to 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.8% by weight. in each case based on the polymer particles.
  • the surface postcrosslinking is usually carried out so that a solution of the surface postcrosslinker is sprayed onto the dried polymer particles. Subsequent to the spraying, the polymer particles coated with the surface postcrosslinker are thermally dried, whereby the surface postcrosslinking reaction can take place both before and during drying.
  • the spraying of a solution of the surface postcrosslinker is preferably carried out in mixers with agitated mixing tools, such as screw mixers, disc mixers and paddle mixers.
  • agitated mixing tools such as screw mixers, disc mixers and paddle mixers.
  • horizontal mixers such as paddle mixers
  • vertical mixers very particularly preferred are vertical mixers.
  • the distinction between horizontal mixer and vertical mixer is made by the storage of the mixing shaft, i.
  • Horizontal mixers have a horizontally mounted mixing shaft and vertical mixers have a vertically mounted mixing shaft.
  • Suitable mixers are, for example, Horizontal Pflugschar® mixers (Gebr.
  • the surface postcrosslinkers are typically used as an aqueous solution.
  • the penetration depth of the surface postcrosslinker into the polymer particles can be adjusted by the content of nonaqueous solvent or total solvent amount.
  • solvent for example isopropanol / water, 1,3-propanediol / water and propylene glycol / water, the mixing mass ratio preferably being from 20:80 to 40:60.
  • the thermal drying is preferably carried out in contact dryers, particularly preferably paddle dryers, very particularly preferably disc dryers.
  • Suitable dryers are, for example, Hosokawa Bepex® Horizontal Paddle Dryer (Hosokawa Micron GmbH, Leingart, DE), Hosokawa Bepex® Disc Dryer (Hosokawa Micron GmbH; Leingart; DE) and Nara Paddle Dryer (NARA Machinery Europe; Frechen; DE).
  • fluidized bed dryers can also be used.
  • the drying can take place in the mixer itself, by heating the jacket or blowing hot air.
  • a downstream dryer such as a hopper dryer, a rotary kiln or a heatable screw. Particularly advantageous is mixed and dried in a fluidized bed dryer.
  • Preferred drying temperatures are in the range 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 120 to 220 ° C, more preferably 130 to 210 ° C, most preferably 150 to 200 ° C.
  • the preferred residence time at this temperature in the reaction mixer or dryer is preferably at least 10 minutes, more preferably at least 20 minutes, most preferably at least 30 minutes, and usually at most 60 minutes.
  • the surface-postcrosslinked polymer particles can be classified again, wherein too small and / or too large polymer particles are separated and recycled to the process.
  • the surface postcrosslinking is already carried out at the stage of the polymeric foam, the quantities and temperatures for the polymeric foam which are mentioned for the polymer particles apply correspondingly.
  • the polymer particles can be coated or rehydrated to improve the properties.
  • the post-wetting is preferably carried out at 30 to 80 ° C, more preferably at 35 to 70 ° C, most preferably at 40 to 60 ° C. If the temperatures are too low, the polymer particles tend to clump together and at higher temperatures, water is already noticeably evaporating.
  • the amount of water used for the rewetting is preferably from 1 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 2 to 8 wt .-%, most preferably from 3 to 5 wt .-%. Remoistening increases the mechanical stability and reduces the tendency to static charge.
  • Suitable coatings for improving the swelling rate (FSR) and the liquid transfer (SFC) are, for example, inorganic inert substances, such as water-insoluble metal salts, organic polymers, cationic polymers and di- or polyvalent metal cations, such as aluminum sulfate and aluminum sulfate.
  • Suitable coatings for dust binding are, for example, polyols.
  • Suitable coatings against the unwanted caking tendency of the polymer particles are, for example, fumed silica, such as Aerosil® 200, and surfactants, such as Span® 20.
  • Suitable coatings for reducing the content of unreacted monomers are, for example, reducing agents, such as the salts of sulfurous acid, hypophosphorous acid and / or organic sulfinic acid.
  • the reducing agent used is preferably a mixture of the sodium salt of 2-hydroxy-2-sulfinatoacetic acid, the disodium salt of 2-hydroxy-2-sulfonatoacetic acid and sodium hydrogen sulfite.
  • Such mixtures are available as Brüggolite® FF6 and Brüggolite® FF7 (Brüggemann Chemicals; Heilbronn; DE).
  • the post-wetting and / or the coating is already carried out at the stage of the polymeric foam.
  • a further subject of the present invention are the water-absorbing polymer particles which can be prepared from foamed monomer solutions or suspensions according to the method of the invention.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles produced by the process according to the invention have a moisture content of preferably 0 to 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.2 to 10 wt .-%, most preferably 0.5 to 8 wt .-%, wherein the Water content according to the EDANA recommended test method No. WSP 230.2-05 "Moisture content" is determined.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles prepared according to the process of the invention have a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of typically at least 10 g / g, preferably at least 15 g / g, preferably at least 20 g / g, more preferably at least 22 g / g, most preferably at least 25 g / g, up.
  • CRC centrifuge retention capacity
  • the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of the water-absorbent polymer particles is usually less than 40 g / g. Centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) will be determined according to the EDANA recommended test method
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles produced according to the process of the invention have an absorption under a pressure of 49.2 g / cm 2 (AUL0.7 psi) of typically at least 10 g / g, preferably at least 13 g / g, preferably at least 16 g / g preferably at least 18 g / g, most preferably at least 20 g / g.
  • the absorption under a pressure of 49.2 g / cm 2 (AUL0.7 psi) of the water-absorbent polymer particles is usually less than 30 g / g.
  • the absorption under a pressure of 49.2 g / cm 2 (AUL0.7 psi) is determined analogously to the EDANA recommended test method no.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles produced according to the invention have a saline flow conductivity (SFC) of typically at least 5 x 10 "7 cm 3 sec / g, preferably at least 20 x 10 -7 cm 3 s / g, more preferably at least 35 x 10 -7 cm 3 s / g, most preferably at least
  • SFC saline flow conductivity
  • the liquid transfer (SFC) of the water-absorbing polymer particles is usually less than 200 x 10 -7 cm 3 s / g.
  • water-absorbent polymer particles of high liquid conductance (SFC) and high swelling rate (FSR) can be produced, in particular the swelling rate (FSR) increases with the particle size of the water-absorbing polymer particles according to the invention.
  • a further subject of the present invention is a process for preparing water-absorbing polymer particles by polymerization of an aqueous monomer solution or suspension comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated, acid group-carrying monomer which is neutralized to 25 to 95 mol%,
  • the monomer solution or suspension is polymerized and dried, characterized in that the monomer solution or suspension according to the invention contains water-absorbing polymer particles based on ground polymeric foams.
  • the constituents a) to g) of the monomer solution or suspension have the meanings mentioned above.
  • the inventive water-absorbing polymer particles based on ground polymeric foams have a particle size of preferably less than 250 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 200 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably less than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the proportion of water-absorbing polymer particles based on ground polymer foams, based on the monomer a), is preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 25% by weight, very particularly preferably from 5 to 15% by weight.
  • Suitable reactors for the polymerization are, for example, kneading reactors or belt reactors.
  • the polymer gel resulting from the polymerization of an aqueous monomer solution or suspension is continuously comminuted by, for example, counter-rotating stirring shafts, as described in WO 2001/038402 A1.
  • the polymerization on the tape is described for example in DE 38 25 366 A1 and
  • Another object of the present invention are water-absorbing polymer particles which can be prepared according to the process of the invention using ground polymeric foams.
  • a further subject of the present invention are mixtures of water-absorbing polymer particles which can be prepared using ground polymeric foams.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles according to the invention can be mixed with non-inventive polymer gels and / or non-inventive water-absorbing polymer particles.
  • the type of mixing is not limited.
  • the proportion of the water-absorbing polymer particles according to the invention in the mixture is preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, very particularly preferably from 5 to 25% by weight.
  • the mixtures according to the invention are characterized by a surprisingly high liquid transfer (SFC).
  • the hygiene products typically include a water-impermeable backside a water-permeable top and in between an absorbent core of the polymer particles and cellulose fibers according to the invention.
  • the proportion of the polymer particles according to the invention in the absorbent core is preferably from 20 to 100% by weight, preferably from 40 to 100% by weight, very particularly preferably from 60 to 100% by weight.
  • measurements should be taken at an ambient temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C and a relative humidity of 50 ⁇ 10%.
  • the water-absorbing polymer particles are thoroughly mixed before the measurement.
  • Fluid transfer is calculated as follows:
  • FSR source velocity
  • the swellability (FSC) of the water-absorbing polymer particles is determined according to the EDANA-recommended test method no. WSP 240.2-05 "Free Swell Capacity”.
  • the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of the water-absorbing polymer particles is determined according to the EDANA-recommended test method no. WSP 241.2-05 "Centrifuge Retention Capacity". Absorption under a pressure of 21, 0 g / cm 2 (absorption under pressure)
  • the absorption under a pressure of 21. 0 g / cm 2 (AUL 0.3 psi) of the water-absorbing polymer particles is determined according to the EDANA-recommended test method No. WSP 242.2-05 "Absorption under Pressure".
  • the absorption under a pressure of 49.2 g / cm 2 (AUL0.7 psi) of the water-absorbing polymer particles is determined analogously to the EDANA-recommended test method No. WSP 242.2-05 "Absorption under Pressure", wherein instead of a pressure of 21 , 0 g / cm 2 (AUL0.3psi) a pressure of 49.2 g / cm 2 (AUL0.7psi) is set.
  • the EDANA test methods are available, for example, from EDANA, Avenue Eugene Plasky 157, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium.
  • the resulting homogeneous solution was transferred to a pressure vessel and saturated there with carbon dioxide for 25 minutes at a pressure of 10 bar. Under pressure, 14.7 g of a 3% strength by weight aqueous solution of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride were added and mixed in with a strong stream of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide was then passed through the reaction mixture for a further 5 minutes. The carbon dioxide-saturated reaction mixture was then forced out through a nozzle with a diameter of 1.0 mm at a pressure of 12 bar, forming a fine-celled, readily flowable foam.
  • the monomer foam obtained was applied to a DIN A3-sized glass plate with 3 mm high edges and covered with a second glass plate.
  • the foam sample was irradiated synchronously from both sides for 4 minutes with UV light, from the top with a UVA / IS emitter UVASPOT 1000 / T (Dr Hönle AG, Gräfelfing, DE), from below with 2 UVA / IS emitters UVASPOT 400 / T (Dr. Hönle AG, Gräfelfing, DE).
  • the foam layer obtained was completely dried in a convection oven at 100 ° C, then ground in a Retschmühle and sieved to a particle size of 150 to 600 ⁇ . Solids content of the reaction mixture: 45.3% by weight
  • Monomer foam density 0.16 g / cm 3
  • Example 3 The procedure was as in Example 1. Instead of 15.4 g of Sartomer® SR-344, only 7.7 g of Sartomer® SR-344 were used. The properties of the obtained water-absorbent polymer particles are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 5 The procedure was as in Example 1. Instead of 15.4 g of Sartomer® SR-344, only 4.4 g of Sartomer® SR-344 were used. The properties of the obtained water-absorbent polymer particles are shown in Table 1. Example 5
  • an acrylic acid / sodium acrylate solution is prepared so that the degree of neutralization is 69 mol%.
  • the solids content of the monomer solution was 35.5% by weight.
  • the polyethylenically unsaturated crosslinker used was 3-times ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate (about 85% strength by weight). The amount used was 1.33 g per kg of monomer solution.
  • the throughput of the monomer solution was 1200 kg / h.
  • the reaction solution had a feed temperature of 23.5 ° C.
  • the monomer solution was rendered inert with nitrogen.
  • the residence time of the reaction mixture in the reactor was 15 minutes.
  • the product gel obtained was applied to a belt dryer. On the belt dryer, the polymer gel was continuously circulated with an air / gas mixture and dried at 175 ° C. The residence time in the belt dryer was 43 minutes. The dried polymer gel was ground and sieved to a particle size fraction of 150 to 710 ⁇ .
  • the base polymer thus obtained had the following properties:
  • Example 8 In a 500 ml glass bottle, 50 g of water-absorbing polymer particles according to Example 1 and 50 g of water-absorbing polymer particles according to Example 6 were mixed for 15 minutes at 45 rpm using a Turbula® T2F mixer (Willy A. Bachofen AG Maschinenfabrik, Muttenz, CH). The properties of the obtained mixture are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 8 In a 500 ml glass bottle, 50 g of water-absorbing polymer particles according to Example 1 and 50 g of water-absorbing polymer particles according to Example 6 were mixed for 15 minutes at 45 rpm using a Turbula® T2F mixer (Willy A. Bachofen AG Maschinenfabrik, Muttenz, CH). The properties of the obtained mixture are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 8 The properties of the obtained mixture are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 9 The procedure was as in Example 9. Immediately after the addition of the last initiator, 7.0 g of water-absorbing polymer particles according to Example 1 with a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m were added. The properties of the obtained water-absorbent polymer particles are shown in Table 3. Tab. 3: Addition of inventive polymer particles to the monomer solution
  • the resulting homogeneous solution was transferred to a pressure vessel and saturated there with carbon dioxide for 25 minutes at a pressure of 10 bar. Under pressure, 43.5 g of a 3% strength by weight aqueous solution of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride were added and mixed in with a strong stream of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide was then passed through the reaction mixture for a further 5 minutes. The carbon dioxide-saturated reaction mixture was then forced out through a nozzle with a diameter of 1.0 mm at a pressure of 12 bar, forming a fine-celled, readily flowable foam.
  • the monomer foam obtained was applied to a DIN A3-sized glass plate with 3 mm high edges and covered with a second glass plate.
  • the foam sample was irradiated synchronously from both sides for 4 minutes with UV light, from above with a UVA / IS emitter UVASPOT 1000 / T (Dr Hönle AG, Gräfelfing, DE), from below with 2 UVA / IS. Spotlights UVASPOT 400 / T (Dr. Hönle AG, Gräfelfing, DE).
  • the distance of the upper lamp to the monomer foam was 39 cm and the distance of the lower lamps to the monomer foam was 13 cm.
  • the foam layer obtained was completely dried in a convection oven at 100 ° C, then ground in a retort mill, sieved to different particle sizes and determines their swelling rate (FSR).

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US9950306B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2018-04-24 Basf Se Process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles with high free swell rate
DE102011086516A1 (de) * 2011-11-17 2013-05-23 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Superabsorbierende Polymere mit schnellen Absorptionseigenschaften sowieVerfahren zu dessen Herstellung
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