EP2488707A1 - Cardboard construction module - Google Patents

Cardboard construction module

Info

Publication number
EP2488707A1
EP2488707A1 EP10782000A EP10782000A EP2488707A1 EP 2488707 A1 EP2488707 A1 EP 2488707A1 EP 10782000 A EP10782000 A EP 10782000A EP 10782000 A EP10782000 A EP 10782000A EP 2488707 A1 EP2488707 A1 EP 2488707A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
central core
module according
module
building
construction module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10782000A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2488707B1 (en
Inventor
Hubert Le
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2488707A1 publication Critical patent/EP2488707A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2488707B1 publication Critical patent/EP2488707B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/3466—Corrugated sheets with sinusoidal corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3472—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets with multiple layers of profiled spacer sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building module based on cardboard including for the manufacture of buildings.
  • Cardboard is widely used in the field of packaging being an inexpensive, lightweight, easy to produce, cut and handle, and fully recyclable product. In the specific area of the building, it can be used for its thermal insulation properties in combination with other materials.
  • the publication FR 2 546 449 illustrates an example of a panel formed of several layers of corrugated board bonded together and surrounded by a plastic film to make this panel waterproof, which is intended in particular for the manufacture of packaging, advertising media or coatings wall.
  • Publication EP 0 957214 proposes a construction panel made of corrugated cardboard and covered with a plastic film. However, it is not designed to be freestanding, nor to be assembled to other identical panels on the one hand and a floor or a floor on the other hand.
  • building a building requires combining different products such as bricks and plaster, wood and glass wool, and so on. to achieve the various functions of mechanical resistance and thermal and sound insulation, the implementation of which is often complex and whose materials are often expensive and difficult to recycle.
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution to the problems mentioned above by proposing a building module based on cardboard, which is designed to allow its assembly to other identical or similar modules and a screed, a floor or any foundation, preserving its mechanical characteristics, and that can meet the specifications in the field of the construction of buildings, in particular in terms of mechanical resistance, thermal insulation, sound insulation, seismic resistance, windshield - Steam, fire resistance, etc., this module can be realized at reduced costs, allowing a modular construction and in fact easily configurable for any type of architecture, and can be easily recycled if necessary.
  • the invention relates to a building module of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises a central cardboard core defining at least the height, the width and the section of said module, this central core consisting of a plurality of layers of corrugated cardboard and / or cellular, sealing means arranged to protect said central core of moisture, at least two holding and protection panels arranged on either side of said central core so as to covering at least two of its faces respectively outer and inner, and at least two frames superimposed on said holding and protection panels forming a load-bearing frame and delimiting a free internal volume for the passage of technical elements, said frames being fixed to one another by fasteners passing right through said holding panels and protection and said central core.
  • the module as defined combines alone all the functions necessary for the construction of a building and is advantageously reversible up / down, right / left.
  • the flutes of the corrugated layers constituting the central core may be oriented in the direction of the height or width of said module, or in a cross configuration, depending on the desired mechanical characteristics.
  • the thickness of the central core may vary depending on the characteristics imparted to the module and the corrugated board layers may be assembled by a bonding process or any other suitable assembly method such as a mechanical assembly.
  • the sealing means may comprise at least one tight film made from an extruded or stretched polymer disposed around said central core. They may also consist of a hydrophobic product coated or impregnated with a cardboard / plastic film complex forming said central core, or by any other equivalent method.
  • the building module may comprise two other spacer and protection panels arranged on either side of the central core so as to cover respectively its upper and lower faces.
  • These panels can be made from agglomerated wood fibers or any other type of panels and frames from treated or untreated wood profiles, or any other material such as metal, composite materials. It may advantageously comprise spacers arranged through at least the central core to ensure a constant thickness of the central core without risk of crushing due to tightening of the fasteners.
  • the frames may consist of at least two parallel uprights flush with the side edges of said module. They may also consist of at least two parallel uprights interconnected by two parallel cross members flush with the lower and upper edges of said module. Alternatively at least one of the lower or upper cross members may be recessed relative to the corresponding lower or upper edge of the module.
  • the building module may be completed by an additional beam disposed between the frame and the lower or upper edge of said module. It may also include at least one additional frame disposed within said module between the central core and at least one of said panels.
  • the central core or the cardboard constituting said central core may comprise an additive selected from the group comprising a fungicide, an insecticide, a fireproof product, a water-repellent product.
  • the inner and / or outer faces of said module may be covered respectively with an inner and / or outer facing.
  • This freestanding building module may have a section selected from the group consisting of a square, a rectangle, a right angle bracket. Its lateral edges may be straight to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules without overlap, or comprise complementary interlocking forms so as to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules with overlap. Its lateral edges may also include at least one U-shaped notch arranged to receive a complementary shaped pole to lock said assembly and resume the loads.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a building, characterized in that at least one of the elements selected from the group comprising the external walls, the floors, the roof, and the internal partitions, is made by juxtaposed assembly of several building modules as defined above.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded top view of a first building module according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view from above of the first module of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a view from above of a second construction module according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a view from above of a third building module according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a view in longitudinal section of a variant of one of the modules of the preceding figures, completed by spacers and covered with an inner facing and an outer facing,
  • FIG. 6 is a view from above of an example of construction of an exterior wall of a building comprising an opening
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged top view of two assembled modules, showing the passage of technical elements, and the fasteners,
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of the assembled modules of FIG. 7, FIGS. 9A-E represent different forms of the construction module of the invention, and
  • FIG. 10 is a view from above of two modules assembled according to FIG.
  • the building module 10, 20, 30, 50 is made from cardboard and intended in particular for the manufacture of buildings such as detached houses, collective, or the like.
  • FIG. 1 which represents an exploded view from above of a first module 10, it essentially comprises a central core 1 defining at less the height, the width and the section of the module 10, this central core consisting of a plurality of layers of corrugated cardboard with single or multi-grooves.
  • the splines can be oriented in the direction of the height or width of the module, or in a cross configuration.
  • the corrugated cardboard can be replaced or supplemented by cellular cardboard, for example in honeycombs.
  • the layers of cardboard are assembled for example by means of a hot or cold bonding process. Any other method of assembly may also be suitable, such as in particular a mechanical assembly by connecting pins, rivets, bolts or the like.
  • the number of fasteners and their distribution are determined by the dimensions of said building module 10.
  • the thickness of the central core 1 is variable and determined according to the load to be supported and the quality of the desired insulation .
  • the central core 1 or the cardboard constituting this central core may undergo treatment by any means and or any additive product adapted according to the desired properties such as, for example, a treatment by impregnation, spraying, misting or the like, of a fungicidal product, insecticide, water repellent, fireproof, or other.
  • the central core 1 is protected against moisture by any appropriate sealing means.
  • These sealing means may be at least one tight film 2, made from at least one polymer or the like, extruded and / or stretched, arranged around the central core 1 to cover all its faces. They may also be a coating or an impregnation of a hydrophobic product, such as an aqueous acrylic emulsion, a paraffin, a wax, a resin, or the like.
  • a hydrophobic product such as an aqueous acrylic emulsion, a paraffin, a wax, a resin, or the like.
  • This film acts as a vapor barrier and rainscreen, it prevents the creation of a dew point.
  • This waterproof film 2 is a removable product in the event that the building module 10 must be recycled.
  • the building module 10 comprises at least two holding and protection panels 3 arranged on either side of the central core 1 so as to cover at least two of its faces respectively outer FE and inner FI.
  • the central core 1 For optimum protection of the central core 1, it is possible to add two spacer and protection panels 3a on the respectively high FH and low FB faces of the central core 1 ( Figure 5).
  • these high and low protection panels 3a play the role of spacers guaranteeing the regular and precise thickness of the building module 10 while maintaining the insulating and mechanical qualities of the central core 1. It is specified that the module of construction 10 according to the invention is reversible as well up / down as right / left.
  • the building module 10 may be completed by one or more spacers 3b (see FIG 5) distributed in said module according to its surface and passing through at least the central core 1, to ensure a constant thickness of the central core 1 without risk of crushing the cardboard layers during screwing of the various fasteners 40, 73. If the spacers 3b only through the central core 1, they are covered by the panels 3 which abut against they. If they pass right through the central core 1 and the panels 3, they serve as a transverse stop for fasteners.
  • These spacers 3b can be made in various forms such as for example solid or hollow tubes, wood, metal or the like. In the case of hollow tubes, fasteners such as threaded rods or the like may be accommodated therein.
  • the holding and protection panels 3, as well as the spacer and protection panels 3a may be made from agglomerated fibreboard such as, for example, OSB-type panels or the like, having a thickness of a few millimeters or even centimeters.
  • the protective panels 3 have a thickness of about 9mm. They preferably extend over the entire surface of the outer faces FE and inner FI of the central core 1 in order to maintain and protect its faces possible shocks during storage, transport and manipulation of the building module 10. In addition, they allow to achieve the assemblies and provide a surface for hanging and / or screwing for any fastener.
  • the building module 10 of the invention is completed by at least two frames 4 superimposed on said protection panels 3.
  • These frames 4 fulfill several functions: they form a reinforcement or load-bearing structure, delimit a free internal volume 5 for the passage of the technical elements of the construction, without piercing the central core 1, or the sealed film 2, and allow the assembly of the modules 10 between them juxtaposed by any fastener 42 and 42a (see Fig.7 and 8). ), without damaging or constraining the central core 1.
  • these frames 4 are arranged only outside the building module 10.
  • the central core 1 is configured to include recesses arranged to receive the or said additional frames 4.
  • These frames 4 may be open and consist only of parallel uprights, including vertical, at least two of which are flush with the side edges of the module 10. As in the examples shown, these frames 4 are closed and consist of at least two parallel uprights assembled between them by at least two parallel crosspieces, in particular horizontal crosspieces. They can be made from wood profiles or similar, assembled in their corners for closed frames, by tenon / mortise, brackets, gluing, screwing or a combination of these techniques. They may have a dimension such that they are flush with the perimeter of the module 10 or a smaller dimension in the direction of the height so that at least one of the lower or upper cross members of the frames 4 is set back with respect to the lower or upper edge corresponding part of the module 10.
  • This recessed area can be used to provide at least one assembly area by interlocking relative to a floor or ceiling rail, slab or the like.
  • This recessed area can be filled by an additional beam 4a for example made of Querto® type wood or similar, which allows to create in said module a high and low belt for the recovery of loads and the maintenance of the building module.
  • the frames 4 are fixed to each other by fasteners 40, such as threaded rods, studs, tie rods or the like, passing right through the building module 10, namely the holding panels and protection 3 and the central core 1 (see Fig. 5).
  • the order mentioned may vary according to the arrangement of the frames 4 in said building module 10.
  • the frames 4 may be completed by vertical uprights 41 and / or horizontal crosspieces (see Fig. 3 and 4).
  • These frames 4 allow to receive an inner facing 6 and / or an outer facing 7 fimtion fixed by any appropriate means on the frames 4 and / or in the holding panels and protection 3.
  • the interior volume 5 defined by these frames 4 can be filled by any insulating material and in particular by a thickness of cardboard with a composition identical or different from the central core 1.
  • An example is illustrated in Figure 5 which shows the module 10 in axial section, wherein the inner facing 6 , placed on the side of the face intended to become the inner face FI, comprises a plasterboard of the BAI type 3 serving as interior finish, and the outer face 7, placed on the side of the face intended to become the outer face FE, comprises a panel of compressed wood fibers or the like 70, on which is deposited a net 71 and a plaster 72.
  • the wood fiber panel 70 can be fixed by any fastener 73 such as than screws, threaded rods or the like.
  • the inner facing 6 and / or the outer facing 7 may vary depending on the specifications of the building to be made (example of a wooden cladding, etc.).
  • Figures 2 to 4 show three building modules 10, 20, 30 of different sections: the first module 10 of Figure 2 and the second module 20 of Figure 3 have a rectangular section of different length, and the third module 30 of Figure 4 has a square section at right angles. With these modules 10, 20, 30, it is possible to carry out any type of construction. However, these examples are not limiting, other sections can be imagined as needed.
  • the lateral edges of the building modules 10, 20, 30 and 50 comprise complementary interlocking shapes so as to allow juxtaposed assembly of several modules.
  • the building modules 10, 20 and 30 are assembled by juxtaposition without covering straight edges provided with a notch 11 in the shape of a U.
  • This notch 11 can receive a locking key of said assembly in the form for example a pole l ia, for example wood (see Fig. 7), which allows a load recovery.
  • Other forms of assembly are also possible with reference to FIGS. 9A-E; by straight edges (Fig. 9A) or bevelled edges (Fig. 9B) for non-overlapping assembly, symmetrical L-shaped edges (Fig. 9C), asymmetrical L-shaped edges (Fig.
  • FIG. 9D illustrates an example of assembly with overlap of two modules provided with shaped edges asymmetric L according to Figure 9D ⁇
  • the modules are fixed to each other by fixing members 42, 42a, such as screws, bolts, threaded rods or the like, passing through the frames 4 located respectively side by side and on either side of the modules (see Figs 7 and 10).
  • building modules 10, 20, 30 and 50 are therefore reversible up / down, right / left, which limits the number of references and facilitates the management of production, storage, transport and installation.
  • Possibilities of industrial application The building modules 10, 20, 30 and 50 as described are reproducible industrially and can be used to produce slabs, external walls, interior partitions, roofs, on, between or under rafters, new construction or renovation .
  • An example of construction is shown in Figure 6 which shows a portion of an outer wall 8 having an opening 80 such as a door that fits into the mortise 11 between two building modules 10 and 30 to avoid thermal bridges .
  • the outer wall 8 is obtained by assembling a plurality of straight construction modules 10 and / or 20 and angled modules 30.
  • the junction areas may be covered with a gasket or the like.
  • the free volume 5 delimited by the frames 4 allows the simple and fast implementation of all the technical part of the building, namely the technical elements 9 for the electric cables, the water pipes, the gas supply, the flows , ventilation, etc. (see Figs 7 and 8).
  • the inner facing 6 and or the outer face 7 are preferably put in place once the walls are finished and the technical elements placed to ensure continuity in the finish.
  • the assembly of the building modules to a screed 81, a slab, a floor 82 (see Fig. 8) or a roof is done by any appropriate means. If the building modules 10, 20, 30 and 50 have a frame 4 set back from their lower and / or upper edges, they can be nested between beams, beams or the like.
  • the invention achieves the goals set, namely a building module made from a corrugated material ecological and recyclable, easy to produce, ensuring excellent thermal insulation as well as phonic, resistant and light, easy to work and to pose without specific equipment and protection, allowing any format and any type of construction.
  • the building thus obtained has a very great thermal inertia generating a very low energy consumption in the same way as the so-called passive houses.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art while remaining within the scope of protection defined in the appended claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an insulating, self-supporting, cardboard construction module (10), in particular for building construction, characterised in that said module comprises a central core (1) defining at least the height, the width and the cross-section of said module, said central core comprising a plurality of layers of corrugated and/or cellular cardboard, at least one sealing film (2) arranged around said central core such as to cover all the surfaces thereof, at least two support and protection panels (3) arranged on either side of said central core such as to cover at least two of the surfaces thereof, respectively the inner and outer surfaces, and at least two frames (4) vertically adjacent to said protection panels, forming a load take-up framework and defining a free inner space (5) for technical elements to pass therethrough, said frames being attached to one another by means of attachment members which pass right through said protection panels and said central core.

Description

MODULE DE CONSTRUCTION A BASE DE CARTON  BUILDING MODULE BASED ON CARTON
Domaine technique : La présente invention concerne un module de construction à base de carton notamment pour la fabrication de bâtiments. Technical Field: The present invention relates to a building module based on cardboard including for the manufacture of buildings.
Technique antérieure : Le carton est largement utilisé dans le domaine de l'emballage étant un produit peu coûteux, léger, facile à produire, à découper et à manipuler, et entièrement recyclable. Dans le domaine spécifique du bâtiment, on peut l'utiliser pour ses propriétés d'isolation thermique en combinaison avec d'autres matériaux. La publication FR 2 546449 illustre un exemple de panneau formé de plusieurs couches de carton ondulé assemblées par collage et entourées d'un film plastique pour rendre ce panneau étanche, qui est destiné notamment à la fabrication d'emballages, de supports publicitaires ou de revêtements muraux. La publication EP 0 957214 propose un panneau de construction réalisé en carton ondulé et recouvert d'un film plastique. Toutefois, il n'est pas conçu pour être autoportant, ni pour être assemblé à d'autres panneaux identiques d'une part et à une chape ou à un plancher d'autre part. Prior Art: Cardboard is widely used in the field of packaging being an inexpensive, lightweight, easy to produce, cut and handle, and fully recyclable product. In the specific area of the building, it can be used for its thermal insulation properties in combination with other materials. The publication FR 2 546 449 illustrates an example of a panel formed of several layers of corrugated board bonded together and surrounded by a plastic film to make this panel waterproof, which is intended in particular for the manufacture of packaging, advertising media or coatings wall. Publication EP 0 957214 proposes a construction panel made of corrugated cardboard and covered with a plastic film. However, it is not designed to be freestanding, nor to be assembled to other identical panels on the one hand and a floor or a floor on the other hand.
En général, la construction d'un bâtiment nécessite d'associer différents produits tels que briques et plâtre, ossature bois et laine de verre, etc. pour réaliser les différentes fonctions de résistance mécanique et d'isolation thermique et phonique, dont la mise en œuvre est souvent complexe et dont les matériaux utilisés sont souvent coûteux et difficiles à recycler. In general, building a building requires combining different products such as bricks and plaster, wood and glass wool, and so on. to achieve the various functions of mechanical resistance and thermal and sound insulation, the implementation of which is often complex and whose materials are often expensive and difficult to recycle.
Exposé de l'invention : La présente invention vise à apporter une solution aux problèmes évoqués ci-dessus en proposant un module de construction à base de carton, qui soit conçu pour permettre son assemblage à d'autres modules identiques ou similaires ainsi qu'à une chape, un plancher ou toute fondation, en préservant ses caractéristiques mécaniques, et qui puisse répondre au cahier de charges dans le domaine de la construction de bâtiments, notamment en termes de résistance mécanique, d'isolation thermique, d'isolation phonique, de la tenue sismique, de pare- vapeur, de résistance anti-feu, etc., ce module pouvant être réalisé à coûts réduits, permettant une construction modulaire et de fait facilement configurable pour tout type d'architecture, et pouvant être aisément recyclé le cas échéant. Presentation of the invention The present invention aims to provide a solution to the problems mentioned above by proposing a building module based on cardboard, which is designed to allow its assembly to other identical or similar modules and a screed, a floor or any foundation, preserving its mechanical characteristics, and that can meet the specifications in the field of the construction of buildings, in particular in terms of mechanical resistance, thermal insulation, sound insulation, seismic resistance, windshield - Steam, fire resistance, etc., this module can be realized at reduced costs, allowing a modular construction and in fact easily configurable for any type of architecture, and can be easily recycled if necessary.
Dans ce but, l'invention concerne un module de construction du genre indiqué en préambule, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une âme centrale en carton définissant au moins la hauteur, la largeur et la section dudit module, cette âme centrale étant constituée d'une pluralité de couches de carton ondulé et/ou alvéolaire, des moyens d'étanchéité agencés pour protéger ladite âme centrale de humidité, au moins deux panneaux de maintien et de protection disposés de part et d'autre de ladite âme centrale de manière à recouvrir au moins deux de ses faces respectivement extérieure et intérieure, et au moins deux cadres superposés auxdits panneaux de maintien et de protection formant une armature de reprise de charge et délimitant un volume intérieur libre pour le passage d'éléments techniques, lesdits cadres étant fixés l'un à l'autre par des organes de fixation traversant de part en part lesdits panneaux de maintien et de protection et ladite âme centrale. Ainsi, le module tel que défini combine à lui seul toutes les fonctions nécessaires à la construction d'un bâtiment et est avantageusement réversible haut/bas, droite/gauche. Les cannelures des couches de carton ondulé constituant l'âme centrale peuvent être orientées dans le sens de la hauteur ou de la largeur dudit module, ou selon une configuration croisée, en fonction des caractéristiques mécaniques recherchées. L'épaisseur de l'âme centrale peut varier selon les caractéristiques conférées au module et les couches de carton ondulé peuvent être assemblées par un procédé de collage ou tout autre procédé d'assemblage approprié tel qu'un assemblage mécanique. For this purpose, the invention relates to a building module of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises a central cardboard core defining at least the height, the width and the section of said module, this central core consisting of a plurality of layers of corrugated cardboard and / or cellular, sealing means arranged to protect said central core of moisture, at least two holding and protection panels arranged on either side of said central core so as to covering at least two of its faces respectively outer and inner, and at least two frames superimposed on said holding and protection panels forming a load-bearing frame and delimiting a free internal volume for the passage of technical elements, said frames being fixed to one another by fasteners passing right through said holding panels and protection and said central core. Thus, the module as defined combines alone all the functions necessary for the construction of a building and is advantageously reversible up / down, right / left. The flutes of the corrugated layers constituting the central core may be oriented in the direction of the height or width of said module, or in a cross configuration, depending on the desired mechanical characteristics. The thickness of the central core may vary depending on the characteristics imparted to the module and the corrugated board layers may be assembled by a bonding process or any other suitable assembly method such as a mechanical assembly.
Les moyens d'étanchéité peuvent comporter au moins un film étanche réalisé à partir d'un polymère extrudé ou étiré disposé autour de ladite âme centrale. Ils peuvent aussi consister en un produit hydrophobe enduit ou imprégné, par un complexe carton/film plastique formant ladite âme centrale, ou par tout autre procédé équivalent. The sealing means may comprise at least one tight film made from an extruded or stretched polymer disposed around said central core. They may also consist of a hydrophobic product coated or impregnated with a cardboard / plastic film complex forming said central core, or by any other equivalent method.
Le module de construction peut comporter deux autres panneaux d'entretoise et de protection disposés de part et d'autre de l'âme centrale de manière à recouvrir respectivement ses faces haute et basse. The building module may comprise two other spacer and protection panels arranged on either side of the central core so as to cover respectively its upper and lower faces.
Ces panneaux peuvent être réalisés à partir de fibres de bois agglomérées ou tout autre type de panneaux et les cadres à partir de profilés en bois traité ou non traité, ou en toute autre matière telle que du métal, des matériaux composites. II peut avantageusement comporter des entretoises disposées au travers au moins de l'âme centrale pour assurer une épaisseur constante de l'âme centrale sans risque d'écrasement dû au serrage des organes de fixation. These panels can be made from agglomerated wood fibers or any other type of panels and frames from treated or untreated wood profiles, or any other material such as metal, composite materials. It may advantageously comprise spacers arranged through at least the central core to ensure a constant thickness of the central core without risk of crushing due to tightening of the fasteners.
Les cadres peuvent être constitués d'au moins deux montants parallèles affleurant les bords latéraux dudit module. Ils peuvent aussi être constitués d'au moins deux montants parallèles reliés entre eux par deux traverses parallèles affleurant les bords inférieur et supérieur dudit module. En variante au moins une des traverses inférieure ou supérieure peut être en retrait par rapport au bord inférieur ou supérieur correspondant du module. Le module de construction peut être complété par une poutre additionnelle disposée entre le cadre et le bord inférieur ou supérieur dudit module. Il peut aussi comporter au moins un cadre additionnel disposé à l'intérieur dudit module entre l'âme centrale et l'un au moins desdits panneaux. The frames may consist of at least two parallel uprights flush with the side edges of said module. They may also consist of at least two parallel uprights interconnected by two parallel cross members flush with the lower and upper edges of said module. Alternatively at least one of the lower or upper cross members may be recessed relative to the corresponding lower or upper edge of the module. The building module may be completed by an additional beam disposed between the frame and the lower or upper edge of said module. It may also include at least one additional frame disposed within said module between the central core and at least one of said panels.
L'âme centrale ou le carton constituant ladite âme centrale peut comporter un additif choisi dans le groupe comprenant un fongicide, un insecticide, un produit anti-feu, un produit hydrofuge. Les faces intérieure et/ou extérieure dudit module peuvent être recouvertes respectivement d'un parement intérieur et/ou extérieur. The central core or the cardboard constituting said central core may comprise an additive selected from the group comprising a fungicide, an insecticide, a fireproof product, a water-repellent product. The inner and / or outer faces of said module may be covered respectively with an inner and / or outer facing.
Ce module de construction autoportant peut avoir une section choisie dans le groupe comprenant un carré, un rectangle, une équerre à angle droit. Ses bords latéraux peuvent être droits pour permettre un assemblage juxtaposé de plusieurs modules sans recouvrement, ou comporter des formes d'emboîtement complémentaires de sorte à permettre un assemblage juxtaposé de plusieurs modules avec recouvrement. Ses bords latéraux peuvent aussi comporter au moins une encoche en forme de U agencée pour recevoir un poteau de forme complémentaire pour verrouiller ledit assemblage et reprendre les charges. This freestanding building module may have a section selected from the group consisting of a square, a rectangle, a right angle bracket. Its lateral edges may be straight to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules without overlap, or comprise complementary interlocking forms so as to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules with overlap. Its lateral edges may also include at least one U-shaped notch arranged to receive a complementary shaped pole to lock said assembly and resume the loads.
Le but de l'invention est atteint également par un bâtiment, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des éléments choisis dans le groupe comprenant les murs extérieurs, les planchers, la toiture, et les cloisons intérieures, est réalisé par assemblage juxtaposé de plusieurs modules de construction tels que définis ci-dessus. The object of the invention is also achieved by a building, characterized in that at least one of the elements selected from the group comprising the external walls, the floors, the roof, and the internal partitions, is made by juxtaposed assembly of several building modules as defined above.
Description sommaire des dessins : La présente invention et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels: Brief description of the drawings: The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
la figure 1 est une vue de dessus éclatée d'un premier module de construction selon l'invention,  FIG. 1 is an exploded top view of a first building module according to the invention,
la figure 2 est une vue de dessus du premier module de la figure 1 , la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'un deuxième module de construction selon l'invention,  FIG. 2 is a view from above of the first module of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a view from above of a second construction module according to the invention,
la figure 4 est une vue de dessus d'un troisième module de construction selon l'invention,  FIG. 4 is a view from above of a third building module according to the invention,
la figure 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante d'un des modules des figures précédentes, complété par des entretoises et revêtu d'un parement intérieur et d'un parement extérieur,  FIG. 5 is a view in longitudinal section of a variant of one of the modules of the preceding figures, completed by spacers and covered with an inner facing and an outer facing,
la figure 6 est une vue de dessus d'un exemple de construction d'un mur extérieur d'un bâtiment comportant un ouvrant  FIG. 6 is a view from above of an example of construction of an exterior wall of a building comprising an opening
la figure 7 est une vue de dessus agrandie de deux modules assemblés, montrant le passage d'éléments techniques, et les organes de fixation,  FIG. 7 is an enlarged top view of two assembled modules, showing the passage of technical elements, and the fasteners,
la figure 8 est une vue de face des modules assemblés de la figure 7, les figures 9A-E représentent différentes formes du module de construction de l'invention, et  FIG. 8 is a front view of the assembled modules of FIG. 7, FIGS. 9A-E represent different forms of the construction module of the invention, and
la figure 10 est une vue de dessus de deux modules assemblés selon la figure FIG. 10 is a view from above of two modules assembled according to FIG.
9D. 9D.
Illustrations de l'invention et meilleure manière de la réaliser : Illustrations of the invention and best way to achieve it:
En référence aux figures, le module de construction 10, 20, 30, 50 selon l'invention est réalisé à base de carton et destiné notamment à la fabrication de bâtiments tels que des pavillons d'habitation individuelle, collective, ou similaires. En référence plus particulièrement à la figure 1, qui représente une vue éclatée de dessus d'un premier module 10, il comporte essentiellement une âme centrale 1 définissant au moins la hauteur, la largeur et la section du module 10, cette âme centrale étant constituée d'une pluralité de couches de carton ondulé à simple ou à multi- cannelures. En fonction des caractéristiques mécaniques recherchées, les cannelures peuvent être orientées dans le sens de la hauteur ou de la largeur du module, ou selon une configuration croisée. De même, le carton ondulé peut être remplacé ou complété par du carton alvéolaire, par exemple en nids d'abeille. Les couches de carton sont assemblées par exemple au moyen d'un procédé de collage à chaud ou à froid. Tout autre procédé d'assemblage peut également convenir, tel que notamment un assemblage mécanique par des chevilles de liaison, des rivets, des boulons ou similaires. Le nombre d'organes de fixation et leur répartition sont déterminés par les dimensions dudit module de construction 10. L'épaisseur de l'âme centrale 1 est variable et déterminée en fonction de la charge à supporter et de la qualité de l'isolation recherchée. L'âme centrale 1 ou le carton constituant cette âme centrale peut subir un traitement par tout moyen et ou tout produit additif adapté en fonction des propriétés recherchées comme par exemple un traitement par imprégnation, pulvérisation, brumisation ou similaire, d'un produit fongicide, insecticide, hydrofuge, anti-feu, ou autre. With reference to the figures, the building module 10, 20, 30, 50 according to the invention is made from cardboard and intended in particular for the manufacture of buildings such as detached houses, collective, or the like. Referring more particularly to FIG. 1, which represents an exploded view from above of a first module 10, it essentially comprises a central core 1 defining at less the height, the width and the section of the module 10, this central core consisting of a plurality of layers of corrugated cardboard with single or multi-grooves. Depending on the desired mechanical characteristics, the splines can be oriented in the direction of the height or width of the module, or in a cross configuration. Similarly, the corrugated cardboard can be replaced or supplemented by cellular cardboard, for example in honeycombs. The layers of cardboard are assembled for example by means of a hot or cold bonding process. Any other method of assembly may also be suitable, such as in particular a mechanical assembly by connecting pins, rivets, bolts or the like. The number of fasteners and their distribution are determined by the dimensions of said building module 10. The thickness of the central core 1 is variable and determined according to the load to be supported and the quality of the desired insulation . The central core 1 or the cardboard constituting this central core may undergo treatment by any means and or any additive product adapted according to the desired properties such as, for example, a treatment by impregnation, spraying, misting or the like, of a fungicidal product, insecticide, water repellent, fireproof, or other.
L'âme centrale 1 est protégée contre l'humidité par tous moyens d'étanchéité appropriés. Ces moyens d'étanchéité peuvent être au moins un film étanche 2, réalisé à partir d'au moins un polymère ou similaire, extrudé et/ou étiré, disposé autour de l'âme centrale 1 pour couvrir toutes ses faces. Ils peuvent aussi être une enduction ou une imprégnation d'un produit hydrophobe, tel qu'une émulsion aqueuse acrylique, une paraffine, une cire, une résine, ou similaire. Dans le cas du film étanche 2, celui- ci peut être assemblé à l'âme centrale 1 par collage au moyen d'un adhésif pour recouvrir toutes ses faces ou tout procédé d'assemblage équivalent. Ce film fait office de pare- vapeur et de pare-pluie, il empêche la création d'un point de rosée. Ce film étanche 2 est un produit retirable dans l'hypothèse où le module de construction 10 doit être recyclé. Le module de construction 10 comporte au moins deux panneaux de maintien et de protection 3 disposés de part et d'autre de l'âme centrale 1 de manière à recouvrir au moins deux de ses faces respectivement extérieure FE et intérieure FI. Pour une protection optimale de l'âme centrale 1, il est possible de rajouter deux panneaux d'entretoise et de protection 3a sur les faces respectivement haute FH et basse FB de l'âme centrale 1 (figure 5). Dans ce cas, ces panneaux de protection 3a haut et bas jouent le rôle d'entretoises garantissant l'épaisseur régulière et précise du module de construction 10 en conservant les qualités isolantes et mécaniques de l'âme centrale 1. Il est précisé que le module de construction 10 selon l'invention est réversible aussi bien haut/bas que droite/gauche. Donc les faces du module désignées face extérieure FE et face intérieure FI, ainsi que les faces hautes FH et basse FB, sont arbitraires et peuvent être inversées. Le module de construction 10 peut être complété par une ou plusieurs entretoises 3b (cf. fig. 5) réparties dans ledit module en fonction de sa surface et traversant au moins de part en part l'âme centrale 1, pour garantir une épaisseur constante de l'âme centrale 1 sans risque d'écrasement des couches de carton lors du vissage des différents organes de fixation 40, 73. Si les entretoises 3b traversent uniquement l'âme centrale 1, elles sont recouvertes par les panneaux 3 qui sont en butée contre elles. Si elles traversent de part en part l'âme centrale 1 et les panneaux 3, elles servent de butée transversale à des organes de fixation. Ces entretoises 3b peuvent être réalisées sous diverses formes telles que par exemple des tubes pleins ou creux, en bois, en métal ou similaire. Dans le cas de tubes creux, des organes de fixation tels que des tiges filetées ou similaires peuvent être y être logés. The central core 1 is protected against moisture by any appropriate sealing means. These sealing means may be at least one tight film 2, made from at least one polymer or the like, extruded and / or stretched, arranged around the central core 1 to cover all its faces. They may also be a coating or an impregnation of a hydrophobic product, such as an aqueous acrylic emulsion, a paraffin, a wax, a resin, or the like. In the case of the waterproof film 2, it can be assembled to the central core 1 by gluing with an adhesive to cover all its faces or any equivalent assembly method. This film acts as a vapor barrier and rainscreen, it prevents the creation of a dew point. This waterproof film 2 is a removable product in the event that the building module 10 must be recycled. The building module 10 comprises at least two holding and protection panels 3 arranged on either side of the central core 1 so as to cover at least two of its faces respectively outer FE and inner FI. For optimum protection of the central core 1, it is possible to add two spacer and protection panels 3a on the respectively high FH and low FB faces of the central core 1 (Figure 5). In this case, these high and low protection panels 3a play the role of spacers guaranteeing the regular and precise thickness of the building module 10 while maintaining the insulating and mechanical qualities of the central core 1. It is specified that the module of construction 10 according to the invention is reversible as well up / down as right / left. Thus, the faces of the module designated external face FE and internal face FI, as well as the high faces FH and low FB, are arbitrary and can be reversed. The building module 10 may be completed by one or more spacers 3b (see FIG 5) distributed in said module according to its surface and passing through at least the central core 1, to ensure a constant thickness of the central core 1 without risk of crushing the cardboard layers during screwing of the various fasteners 40, 73. If the spacers 3b only through the central core 1, they are covered by the panels 3 which abut against they. If they pass right through the central core 1 and the panels 3, they serve as a transverse stop for fasteners. These spacers 3b can be made in various forms such as for example solid or hollow tubes, wood, metal or the like. In the case of hollow tubes, fasteners such as threaded rods or the like may be accommodated therein.
Les panneaux de maintien et de protection 3, de même que les panneaux d'entretoise et de protection 3a, peuvent être réalisés à partir de panneaux de fibres de bois agglomérées tels que par exemple des panneaux de type OSB ou similaires, ayant une épaisseur de quelques millimètres voire centimètres. Dans l'exemple réalisé, les panneaux de protection 3 ont une épaisseur d'environ 9mm. Ils s'étendent de préférence sur toute la surface des faces extérieure FE et intérieure FI de l'âme centrale 1 dans le but de maintenir et de protéger ses faces des chocs éventuels lors du stockage, du transport et des manipulations du module de construction 10. De plus, ils permettent de réaliser les assemblages et offrent une surface d'accroché et/ou de vissage pour tout organe de fixation. Le module de construction 10 de l'invention est complété par au moins deux cadres 4 superposés auxdits panneaux de protection 3. Ces cadres 4 remplissent plusieurs fonctions : ils forment une armature ou structure de reprise de charge, délimitent un volume intérieur libre 5 pour le passage des éléments techniques de la construction, sans perçage de l'âme centrale 1, ni du film étanche 2, et permettent l'assemblage des modules 10 entre eux juxtaposés par tout organe de fixation 42 et 42a (cf. fig.7 et 8), sans abîmer ni contraindre l'âme centrale 1. Dans les exemples représentés, ces cadres 4 sont disposés uniquement à l'extérieur du module de construction 10. Pour certaines applications, il peut être envisagé d'ajouter un ou deux cadres 4 additionnels à l'intérieur dudit module de construction 10, c'est-à-dire entre l'âme centrale 1 et les panneaux de protection 3. Dans ces variantes non représentées, l'âme centrale 1 est configurée pour comporter des évidements agencés pour recevoir le ou lesdits cadres 4 additionnels. The holding and protection panels 3, as well as the spacer and protection panels 3a, may be made from agglomerated fibreboard such as, for example, OSB-type panels or the like, having a thickness of a few millimeters or even centimeters. In the example made, the protective panels 3 have a thickness of about 9mm. They preferably extend over the entire surface of the outer faces FE and inner FI of the central core 1 in order to maintain and protect its faces possible shocks during storage, transport and manipulation of the building module 10. In addition, they allow to achieve the assemblies and provide a surface for hanging and / or screwing for any fastener. The building module 10 of the invention is completed by at least two frames 4 superimposed on said protection panels 3. These frames 4 fulfill several functions: they form a reinforcement or load-bearing structure, delimit a free internal volume 5 for the passage of the technical elements of the construction, without piercing the central core 1, or the sealed film 2, and allow the assembly of the modules 10 between them juxtaposed by any fastener 42 and 42a (see Fig.7 and 8). ), without damaging or constraining the central core 1. In the examples shown, these frames 4 are arranged only outside the building module 10. For some applications, it may be envisaged to add one or two additional frames 4 inside said building module 10, that is to say between the central core 1 and the protective panels 3. In these variants not shown, the central core 1 is configured to include recesses arranged to receive the or said additional frames 4.
Ces cadres 4 peuvent être ouverts et constitués uniquement de montants parallèles, notamment verticaux, dont au moins deux montants affleurent les bords latéraux du module 10. Comme dans les exemples représentés, ces cadres 4 sont fermés et constitués d'au moins deux montants parallèles assemblés entre eux par au moins deux traverses parallèles, notamment horizontales. Ils peuvent être réalisés à partir de profilés en bois ou similaire, assemblées dans leurs angles pour les cadres fermés, par tenon/mortaise, équerres, collage, vissage ou une combinaison de ces techniques. Ils peuvent avoir une dimension telle qu'ils affleurent le périmètre du module 10 ou une dimension inférieure dans le sens de la hauteur de sorte qu'au moins une des traverses inférieure ou supérieure des cadres 4 est en retrait par rapport au bord inférieur ou supérieur correspondant du module 10. Cette zone en retrait peut être utilisée pour ménager au moins une zone d'assemblage par emboîtement par rapport à une lisse de plancher ou de plafond, une dalle ou similaire. Cette zone en retrait peut être comblée par une poutre additionnelle 4a par exemple réalisée en bois de type Querto® ou similaire, qui permet de créer dans ledit module une ceinture haute et basse pour la reprise des charges et le maintien du module de construction. These frames 4 may be open and consist only of parallel uprights, including vertical, at least two of which are flush with the side edges of the module 10. As in the examples shown, these frames 4 are closed and consist of at least two parallel uprights assembled between them by at least two parallel crosspieces, in particular horizontal crosspieces. They can be made from wood profiles or similar, assembled in their corners for closed frames, by tenon / mortise, brackets, gluing, screwing or a combination of these techniques. They may have a dimension such that they are flush with the perimeter of the module 10 or a smaller dimension in the direction of the height so that at least one of the lower or upper cross members of the frames 4 is set back with respect to the lower or upper edge corresponding part of the module 10. This recessed area can be used to provide at least one assembly area by interlocking relative to a floor or ceiling rail, slab or the like. This recessed area can be filled by an additional beam 4a for example made of Querto® type wood or similar, which allows to create in said module a high and low belt for the recovery of loads and the maintenance of the building module.
Les cadres 4 sont fixés l'un à l'autre par des organes de fixation 40, tels que des tiges filetées, des goujons, des tirants ou similaires, traversant de part en part le module de construction 10, à savoir les panneaux de maintien et de protection 3 et l'âme centrale 1 (cf. fig. 5). L'ordre mentionné peut varier en fonction de la disposition des cadres 4 dans ledit module de construction 10. Selon les dimensions des modules de construction 10, 20, 30, 50, les cadres 4 peuvent être complétés par des montants 41 verticaux et/ou des traverses horizontales (cf. fig. 3 et 4). The frames 4 are fixed to each other by fasteners 40, such as threaded rods, studs, tie rods or the like, passing right through the building module 10, namely the holding panels and protection 3 and the central core 1 (see Fig. 5). The order mentioned may vary according to the arrangement of the frames 4 in said building module 10. Depending on the dimensions of the building modules 10, 20, 30, 50, the frames 4 may be completed by vertical uprights 41 and / or horizontal crosspieces (see Fig. 3 and 4).
Ces cadres 4 permettent de recevoir un parement intérieur 6 et/ou un parement extérieur 7 de fimtion fixés par tout moyen approprié sur les cadres 4 et/ou dans les panneaux de maintien et de protection 3. Le volume intérieur 5 défini par ces cadres 4 peut être comblé par toute matière isolante et notamment par une épaisseur de carton selon une composition identique ou différente de l'âme centrale 1. Un exemple est illustré à la figure 5 qui représente le module 10 en coupe axiale, dans lequel le parement intérieur 6, placé du côté de la face destinée à devenir la face intérieure FI, comporte une plaque de plâtre du type BAI 3 servant de finition intérieure, et le parement extérieur 7, placé du côté de la face destinée à devenir la face extérieure FE, comporte un panneau en fibres de bois compressées ou similaire 70, sur lequel est déposé un filet 71 puis un crépis 72. Le panneau en fibres de bois 70 peut être fixé par tout organe de fixation 73 tels que des vis, des tiges filetées ou similaires. Bien entendu, le parement intérieur 6 et/ou le parement extérieur 7 peuvent varier en fonction du cahier des charges du bâtiment à réaliser (exemple d'un bardage en bois, etc.). Les figures 2 à 4 représentent trois module de construction 10, 20, 30 de sections différentes : le premier module 10 de la figure 2 et le deuxième module 20 de la figure 3 ont une section rectangulaire de longueur différente, et le troisième module 30 de la figure 4 a une section en équerre à angle droit. Avec ces modules 10, 20, 30, il est possible de réaliser tout type de construction. Toutefois, ces exemples ne sont pas limitatifs, d'autres sections peuvent être imaginées en fonction des besoins. These frames 4 allow to receive an inner facing 6 and / or an outer facing 7 fimtion fixed by any appropriate means on the frames 4 and / or in the holding panels and protection 3. The interior volume 5 defined by these frames 4 can be filled by any insulating material and in particular by a thickness of cardboard with a composition identical or different from the central core 1. An example is illustrated in Figure 5 which shows the module 10 in axial section, wherein the inner facing 6 , placed on the side of the face intended to become the inner face FI, comprises a plasterboard of the BAI type 3 serving as interior finish, and the outer face 7, placed on the side of the face intended to become the outer face FE, comprises a panel of compressed wood fibers or the like 70, on which is deposited a net 71 and a plaster 72. The wood fiber panel 70 can be fixed by any fastener 73 such as than screws, threaded rods or the like. Of course, the inner facing 6 and / or the outer facing 7 may vary depending on the specifications of the building to be made (example of a wooden cladding, etc.). Figures 2 to 4 show three building modules 10, 20, 30 of different sections: the first module 10 of Figure 2 and the second module 20 of Figure 3 have a rectangular section of different length, and the third module 30 of Figure 4 has a square section at right angles. With these modules 10, 20, 30, it is possible to carry out any type of construction. However, these examples are not limiting, other sections can be imagined as needed.
Les bords latéraux des modules de construction 10, 20, 30 et 50 comportent des formes d'emboîtement complémentaires de sorte à permettre un assemblage juxtaposé de plusieurs modules. Dans les figures 1 à 4, les modules de constructions 10, 20 et 30 sont assemblés par juxtaposition sans recouvrement de bords droits pourvus d'une encoche 11 en forme de U. Cette encoche 11 peut recevoir une clé de verrouillage dudit assemblage sous la forme par exemple d'un poteau l ia, par exemple en bois (cf. fig. 7), qui permet de faire une reprise de charge. D'autres formes d'assemblage sont également possibles en référence aux figures 9A-E ; par bords droits (fig. 9A) ou par bords biseautés (fig. 9B) pour un assemblage sans recouvrement, par bords en forme de L symétriques (fig. 9C), par bords en forme de L asymétriques (fig. 9D), ou par bords en forme de tenon/mortaise (fig. 9E) pour un assemblage avec recouvrement évitant les ponts thermiques. La figure 10 illustre un exemple d'assemblage avec recouvrement de deux modules pourvus de bords en forme de L asymétriques selon la figure 9D^ Les modules sont fixés l'un à l'autre par des organes de fixation 42 et 42a, tels que des vis, des boulons, des tiges filetées ou similaires, traversant les cadres 4 situés respectivement cote à cote et de part et d'autre des modules (cf. fig. 7 et 10). The lateral edges of the building modules 10, 20, 30 and 50 comprise complementary interlocking shapes so as to allow juxtaposed assembly of several modules. In FIGS. 1 to 4, the building modules 10, 20 and 30 are assembled by juxtaposition without covering straight edges provided with a notch 11 in the shape of a U. This notch 11 can receive a locking key of said assembly in the form for example a pole l ia, for example wood (see Fig. 7), which allows a load recovery. Other forms of assembly are also possible with reference to FIGS. 9A-E; by straight edges (Fig. 9A) or bevelled edges (Fig. 9B) for non-overlapping assembly, symmetrical L-shaped edges (Fig. 9C), asymmetrical L-shaped edges (Fig. 9D), or with tongue and groove edges (Fig. 9E) for overlapping joints avoiding thermal bridging. 10 illustrates an example of assembly with overlap of two modules provided with shaped edges asymmetric L according to Figure 9D ^ The modules are fixed to each other by fixing members 42, 42a, such as screws, bolts, threaded rods or the like, passing through the frames 4 located respectively side by side and on either side of the modules (see Figs 7 and 10).
Ces modules de construction 10, 20, 30 et 50 sont par conséquent réversibles haut/bas, droite/gauche, ce qui limite le nombre de références et facilite la gestion de la production, du stockage, du transport et de la pose. Possibilités d'application industrielle : Les modules de construction 10, 20, 30 et 50 tels que décrits sont reproductibles industriellement et peuvent être utilisés pour réaliser les dalles, les murs extérieurs, les cloisons intérieures, les toitures, sur, entre ou sous chevrons, en constructions neuves ou en rénovation. Un exemple de construction est illustré à la figure 6 qui représente une portion d'un mur extérieur 8 comportant un ouvrant 80 tel qu'une porte qui s'emboite dans la mortaise 11 entre deux modules de construction 10 et 30 pour éviter les ponts thermiques. Le mur extérieur 8 est obtenu par assemblage de plusieurs modules de construction droits 10 et/ou 20 et de modules en équerre 30.Les zones de jonction peuvent être recouvertes d'un joint d'étanchéité ou similaire. Le volume libre 5 délimité par les cadres 4 permet la mise en place simple et rapide de toute la partie technique du bâtiment, à savoir les éléments techniques 9 pour les câbles électriques, les conduites d'eau, l'alimentation en gaz, les écoulements, la ventilation, etc. (cf. fig. 7 et 8). Le parement intérieur 6 et ou le parement extérieur 7 sont mis en place de préférence une fois les murs tenninés et les éléments techniques posés pour assurer une continuité dans la finition. L'assemblage des modules de construction à une chape 81, une dalle, un plancher 82 (cf. fig. 8) ou une toiture s'effectue par tout moyen approprié. Si les modules de construction 10, 20, 30 et 50 ont un cadre 4 en retrait par rapport à leurs bords inférieur et/ou supérieur, ils peuvent être emboîtés entre des lisses, poutres ou similaires. These building modules 10, 20, 30 and 50 are therefore reversible up / down, right / left, which limits the number of references and facilitates the management of production, storage, transport and installation. Possibilities of industrial application: The building modules 10, 20, 30 and 50 as described are reproducible industrially and can be used to produce slabs, external walls, interior partitions, roofs, on, between or under rafters, new construction or renovation . An example of construction is shown in Figure 6 which shows a portion of an outer wall 8 having an opening 80 such as a door that fits into the mortise 11 between two building modules 10 and 30 to avoid thermal bridges . The outer wall 8 is obtained by assembling a plurality of straight construction modules 10 and / or 20 and angled modules 30. The junction areas may be covered with a gasket or the like. The free volume 5 delimited by the frames 4 allows the simple and fast implementation of all the technical part of the building, namely the technical elements 9 for the electric cables, the water pipes, the gas supply, the flows , ventilation, etc. (see Figs 7 and 8). The inner facing 6 and or the outer face 7 are preferably put in place once the walls are finished and the technical elements placed to ensure continuity in the finish. The assembly of the building modules to a screed 81, a slab, a floor 82 (see Fig. 8) or a roof is done by any appropriate means. If the building modules 10, 20, 30 and 50 have a frame 4 set back from their lower and / or upper edges, they can be nested between beams, beams or the like.
Il ressort clairement de cette description que l'invention permet d'atteindre les buts fixés, à savoir un module de construction réalisé à partir d'une matière en carton ondulé écologique et recyclable, facile à produire, assurant une excellente isolation aussi bien thermique que phonique, résistant et léger, facile à travailler et à poser sans équipement spécifique ni protection, autorisant tout format et tout type de construction. Le bâtiment ainsi obtenu présente une très grande inertie thermique engendrant une très faible consommation d'énergie au même titre que les maisons dites passives. La présente invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation décrit mais s'étend à toute modification et variante évidentes pour un homme du métier tout en restant dans l'étendue de la protection définie dans les revendications annexées. It is clear from this description that the invention achieves the goals set, namely a building module made from a corrugated material ecological and recyclable, easy to produce, ensuring excellent thermal insulation as well as phonic, resistant and light, easy to work and to pose without specific equipment and protection, allowing any format and any type of construction. The building thus obtained has a very great thermal inertia generating a very low energy consumption in the same way as the so-called passive houses. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art while remaining within the scope of protection defined in the appended claims.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Module de construction (10, 20, 30, 50) à base de carton, notamment pour la fabrication de bâtiment, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une âme centrale (1) définissant au moins la hauteur, la largeur et la section dudit module, cette âme centrale étant constituée d'une pluralité de couches de carton ondulé et/ou alvéolaire, des moyens d'étanchéité (2) agencés pour protéger ladite âme centrale de l'humidité, au moins deux panneaux de maintien et de protection (3) disposés de part et d'autre de ladite âme centrale de manière à recouvrir au moins deux de ses faces respectivement extérieure et intérieure, et au moins deux cadres (4) superposés auxdits panneaux de maintien et de protection intérieur et extérieur, formant une armature de reprise de charge et délimitant un volume intérieur libre (5) pour le passage d'éléments techniques (9), lesdits cadres étant fixés l'un à l'autre par des organes de fixation (40) traversant de part en part lesdits panneaux de maintien et de protection et ladite âme centrale. 1. Building module (10, 20, 30, 50) based on cardboard, especially for the manufacture of building, characterized in that it comprises a central core (1) defining at least height, width and section of said module, this central core consisting of a plurality of layers of corrugated cardboard and / or alveolar, sealing means (2) arranged to protect said central core from moisture, at least two holding and protection panels (3) disposed on either side of said central core so as to cover at least two of its outer and inner faces respectively, and at least two frames (4) superimposed on said inner and outer holding and protection panels, forming a load-bearing frame and delimiting a free internal volume (5) for the passage of technical elements (9), said frames being fixed to each other by fasteners (40) passing right through said pannea ux of maintenance and protection and said central core.
2. Module de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les cannelures desdites couches de carton ondulé sont orientées dans le sens de la hauteur et/ou de la largeur dudit module, ou selon une configuration croisée. 2. Construction module according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves of said corrugated cardboard layers are oriented in the direction of the height and / or the width of said module, or in a cross configuration.
3. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites couches de carton sont assemblées par un procédé de collage. 3. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said layers of cardboard are assembled by a bonding process.
4. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'étanchéité comportent au moins un film étanche (2) réalisé à partir d'un polymère extrudé ou étiré, disposé autour de ladite âme centrale (1). 4. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sealing means comprise at least one tight film (2) made from an extruded or stretched polymer disposed around said central core ( 1).
5. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'étanchéité comportent au moins un produit hydrophobe enduit ou imprégné. 5. Construction module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said sealing means comprise at least one hydrophobic coated or impregnated product.
6. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux autres panneaux d'entretoise et de protection (3a) disposés de part et d'autre de ladite âme centrale (1) de manière à recouvrir respectivement ses faces haute (FH) et basse (FB). 6. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two other spacer and protection panels (3a) disposed on either side of said central core (1) so as to cover respectively its high (FH) and low (FB) faces.
7. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des entretoises (3b) disposées au travers au moins de ladite âme centrale (1). 7. Building module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises spacers (3b) disposed through at least said central core (1).
8. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits cadres (4) comportent chacun au moins deux montants parallèles affleurant les bords latéraux dudit module. 8. Building module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said frames (4) each comprise at least two parallel uprights flush with the side edges of said module.
9. Module de construction selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits cadres (4) comportent chacun au moins deux traverses parallèles reliant lesdits montants et affleurant les bords inférieur et supérieur dudit module (10, 20, 30, 50). 9. Construction module according to claim 8, characterized in that said frames (4) each comprise at least two parallel crosspieces connecting said uprights and flush with the lower and upper edges of said module (10, 20, 30, 50).
10. Module de construction selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits cadres (4) comportent chacun au moins deux traverses parallèles reliant lesdits montants, au moins une desdites traverses inférieure ou supérieure étant en retrait par rapport au bord inférieur ou supérieur correspondant dudit module. 10. Construction module according to claim 8, characterized in that said frames (4) each comprise at least two parallel crosspieces connecting said uprights, at least one of said lower or upper rails being recessed relative to the corresponding lower or upper edge of said module.
11. Module de construction selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une poutre additionnelle (4a) disposée entre ledit cadre (4) et le bord inférieur ou supérieur dudit module. 11. Construction module according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one additional beam (4a) disposed between said frame (4) and the lower or upper edge of said module.
12. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un cadre (4) additionnel disposé à l'intérieur dudit module entre l'âme centrale (1) et l'un au moins desdits panneaux (3). 12. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one additional frame (4) disposed inside said module between the central core (1) and at least one said panels (3).
13. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'âme centrale (1) ou le carton constituant ladite âme centrale comporte un additif choisi dans le groupe comprenant un fongicide, un insecticide, un produit hydrofuge, un produit anti-feu. 13. Building module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central core (1) or the board constituting said central core comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a fungicide, an insecticide, a water-repellent product, an anti-fire product.
14. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les faces intérieure (FI) et/ou extérieure (FE) dudit module (10, 20, 30) sont recouvertes respectivement d'un parement intérieur (6) et/ou d'un parement extérieur (7). 14. Building module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner faces (FI) and / or outer (FE) of said module (10, 20, 30) are covered respectively with an inner facing (6). ) and / or an outer cladding (7).
15. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il a une section choisie dans le groupe comprenant un carré, un rectangle, une équerre à angle droit. 15. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a section selected from the group comprising a square, a rectangle, a square at right angles.
16. Module de construction selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les bords latéraux dudit module sont droits pour permettre un assemblage juxtaposé de plusieurs modules (10, 20, 30) sans recouvrement. 16. Construction module according to claim 15, characterized in that the lateral edges of said module are straight to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules (10, 20, 30) without overlap.
17. Module de construction selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les bords latéraux dudit module comportent des formes d'emboîtement complémentaires (11) de sorte à permettre un assemblage juxtaposé de plusieurs modules (10, 20, 30, 50) avec recouvrement. 17. Building module according to claim 15, characterized in that the lateral edges of said module comprise complementary interlocking shapes (11) so as to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules (10, 20, 30, 50) with overlap .
18. Module de construction selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que les bords latéraux dudit module comportent au moins une encoche (11) en forme de U agencée pour recevoir un poteau (l ia) de forme complémentaire pour verrouiller ledit assemblage. 18. Construction module according to claim 16, characterized in that the lateral edges of said module comprise at least one notch (11) U-shaped arranged to receive a post (l ia) of complementary shape to lock said assembly.
19. Module de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé pour être réversible haut/bas, droite/gauche. 19. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged to be reversible up / down, right / left.
20. Bâtiment, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des éléments choisis dans le groupe comprenant les murs extérieurs, les cloisons intérieures, les planchers, les toitures, est réalisé par assemblage juxtaposé de plusieurs modules de construction (10, 20, 30, 50) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 20. Building, characterized in that at least one of the elements selected from the group comprising the external walls, the internal partitions, the floors, the roofs, is made by juxtaposed assembly of several building modules (10, 20, 30, 50) according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP10782000.3A 2009-10-12 2010-10-11 Modular construction element made of carton Active EP2488707B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0957131A FR2951205B1 (en) 2009-10-12 2009-10-12 BUILDING MODULE BASED ON CARTON
PCT/IB2010/002581 WO2011045649A1 (en) 2009-10-12 2010-10-11 Cardboard construction module

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EP2488707A1 true EP2488707A1 (en) 2012-08-22
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FR3011862B1 (en) 2013-10-16 2015-11-13 Machome BUILDING MODULE
DE102019116129A1 (en) * 2019-06-13 2020-12-17 Fredy Iseli Flat sandwich construction element for buildings

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FR2546449B1 (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-04-18 Mauveaux Gilles PLATE PANEL WITH CORRUGATED CARTON STRUCTURE
DE29808596U1 (en) * 1998-05-13 1998-08-20 Curtis 1000 Europe GmbH, 56626 Andernach Building board
AU2003226922A1 (en) * 2002-04-23 2003-11-10 Henriksen Holding Aps Composire board for underroof and mounting methods for the same

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FR2951205A1 (en) 2011-04-15
WO2011045649A1 (en) 2011-04-21

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