FR2951205A1 - BUILDING MODULE BASED ON CARTON - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insulating and self-supporting building module (10) based on cardboard, in particular for the manufacture of building, characterized in that it comprises a central core (1) defining at least the height, the width and the section of said module, this central core consisting of a plurality of layers of corrugated cardboard and / or cellular, at least one sealed film (2) disposed around said central core so as to cover all its faces, at least two holding panels and protection (3) disposed on either side of said central core so as to cover at least two of its faces respectively outer and inner, and at least two frames (4) superimposed on said protective panels and delimiting an interior volume free (5) for the passage of technical elements, said frames being fixed to each other by fasteners passing right through said protective panels and said central soul.

Description

BUILDING MODULE BASED ON CARTON

Technical Field: The present invention relates to a building module based on cardboard including for the manufacture of buildings.

Prior Art: Cardboard is widely used in the field of packaging being an inexpensive, lightweight, easy to produce, cut and handle, and fully recyclable product. In the specific area of the building, it can be used for its thermal insulation properties in combination with other materials. Publication FR 2 546 449 illustrates an example of a panel formed of several layers of corrugated board assembled by gluing and surrounded by a plastic film to make this panel waterproof, which is intended in particular for the manufacture of packaging, advertising media or wall coverings. Publication EP 0 957 214 proposes a construction panel made of corrugated cardboard and covered with a plastic film. However, it is not designed to be freestanding, nor to be assembled to other identical panels on the one hand and a floor or a floor on the other hand.

In general, building a building requires combining different products such as bricks and plaster, wood and glass wool, and so on. to achieve the various functions of mechanical strength and thermal and sound insulation, the implementation of which is often complex and whose materials used are often expensive and difficult to recycle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to provide a solution to the problems mentioned above by proposing a cardboard-based construction module, which is designed to allow its assembly to other identical or similar modules as well as to a screed; a floor or any foundation, preserving its mechanical characteristics, and which can meet the specifications in the field of building construction, particularly in terms of mechanical strength, thermal insulation, sound insulation, seismic resistance , vapor barrier, fire resistance, etc., this module can be realized at reduced costs, allowing a modular construction and indeed easily configurable for any type of architecture, and can be easily recycled if necessary.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a building module of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises a central cardboard core defining at least the height, the width and the section of said module, this central core consisting of a plurality of layers of corrugated cardboard and / or cellular, sealing means arranged to protect said central core from moisture, at least two holding and protection panels arranged on either side of said central core of so as to cover at least two of its outer and inner faces respectively, and at least two frames superimposed on said holding and protection panels, delimiting a free internal volume for the passage of technical elements, said frames being fixed to each other. the other by fasteners passing right through said holding and protection panels and said central core.

Thus, the module as defined combines alone all the functions necessary for the construction of a building and is advantageously reversible up / down, right / left. The grooves of the corrugated layers constituting the central core may be oriented in the direction of the height or width of said module, or in a cross configuration, depending on the desired mechanical characteristics.30 The thickness of the central core may vary depending on the characteristics imparted to the module and the corrugated layers may be assembled by a bonding process or any other suitable method of assembly.

The sealing means may comprise at least one tight film made from an extruded or stretched polymer disposed around said central core. They may also consist of a coating or impregnation of a hydrophobic product, a cardboard / plastic film complex forming said central core, or by any other equivalent method.

The building module may comprise two other spacer and protection panels arranged on either side of the central core so as to cover respectively its upper and lower faces.

These panels can be made from agglomerated wood fibers or any other type of panels and frames from treated or untreated wood profiles, or any other material such as metal, composite materials.

It may advantageously comprise spacers arranged through at least the central core to ensure a constant thickness of the central core without risk of crushing due to tightening fasteners.

The frames may be flush with the perimeter of the module, or at least one of the lower or upper sides of the frames may be recessed relative to the corresponding lower or upper edge of the module. The building module may be completed by an additional beam disposed between the frame and the lower or upper edge of said module.

The central core or the cardboard constituting said central core may be treated with an additive selected from the group comprising a fungicide, an insecticide, a fireproof product, a water-repellent product.

The inner and / or outer faces of said module may be covered respectively with an inner and / or outer facing.

This freestanding building module may have a section selected from the group consisting of a square, a rectangle, a right angle bracket. Its lateral edges may be straight to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules without overlap, or comprise complementary interlocking forms so as to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules with overlap. Its lateral edges may also include at least one U-shaped notch arranged to receive a complementary shaped pole to lock said assembly and resume the loads.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a building, characterized in that at least one of the elements selected from the group comprising the external walls, the floors, the roof, and the internal partitions, is made by juxtaposed assembly of several building modules as defined above.

Brief description of the drawings:

The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is an exploded top view of a first embodiment; construction module according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a top view of the first module of Figure 1, - Figure 3 is a top view of a second building module according to the invention, - Figure 4 is a top view of a third building module according to the invention, - Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a variant of one of the modules of the preceding figures, completed by spacers and covered with a cladding Figure 6 is a top view of an example of construction of an exterior wall of a building comprising an opening, and Figure 7 is an enlarged top view of an assembly. of two assembled modules, showing the Technical elements, and fasteners; FIG. 8 is a front view of the assembled modules of FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 shows various forms of the construction module of the invention.

Illustrations of the invention and best way to achieve it:

With reference to the figures, the building module 10, 20, 30 according to the invention is made from cardboard and intended in particular for the manufacture of buildings such as detached houses, collective, or the like. Referring more particularly to FIG. 1, which represents an exploded view from above of a first module 10, it essentially comprises a central core 1 defining at least the height, the width and the section of the module 10, this central core consisting of a plurality of single or multi-corrugated corrugated board layers. Depending on the desired mechanical characteristics, the splines can be oriented in the direction of the height or width of the module, or in a cross configuration. Similarly, the corrugated cardboard can be replaced or supplemented by cellular cardboard, for example in honeycombs. The layers of cardboard are assembled for example by means of a hot or cold bonding process. Any other assembly process may also be suitable. The thickness of the central core 1 is variable and determined according to the load to be supported and the quality of the desired insulation. The central core 1 or the cardboard constituting this central core may undergo treatment by any means and / or any additive product adapted according to the desired properties, for example a treatment by impregnation, spraying, misting or the like, of a fungicidal product. , insecticide, water repellent, fireproof, or other.

The central core 1 is protected against moisture by any appropriate sealing means. These sealing means may be at least one tight film 2, made from at least one polymer or the like, extruded and / or stretched, arranged around the central core 1 to cover all its faces. They may also be a coating or an impregnation of a hydrophobic product, such as an aqueous acrylic emulsion, a paraffin, a wax, a resin, or the like. In the case of the sealed film 2, it can be assembled to the central core 1 by bonding with an adhesive to cover all its faces or any equivalent assembly method. This film serves as a vapor barrier and rain barrier, it prevents the creation of a dew point. This waterproof film 2 is a removable product in the event that the building module 10 must be recycled.

The building module 10 comprises at least two holding and protection panels 3 arranged on either side of the central core 1 so as to cover at least two of its faces respectively outer FE and inner FI. For optimal protection of the module 10, it is possible to add two spacer and protection panels 3a on the respectively high FH and low FB faces of said central core construction module 1 (FIG. 5). In this case, these high and low protection panels 3a play the role of spacers guaranteeing the regular and precise thickness of the building module 10 and maintaining the insulating and mechanical qualities of the central core 1. It is specified that the module of construction 10 according to the invention is reversible as well up / down as right / left.

Thus, the faces of the module designated external face FE and internal face FI, as well as the high faces FH and low FB, are arbitrary and can be reversed. The building module 10 may be completed by one or more spacers 3b (see FIG 5) distributed in said module according to its surface and passing through at least the central core 1, to ensure a constant thickness of the central core 1 without risk of crushing the cardboard layers during screwing of the various fasteners. If the spacers 3b only pass through the central core 1, they are covered by the panels 3 which abut against them. If they pass right through the central core 1 and the panels 3, they serve as a transverse stop for fasteners. These spacers 3b can be made in various forms such as for example solid or hollow tubes, wood, metal or the like. In the case of hollow tubes, fasteners such as threaded rods or the like may be accommodated therein.

The holding and protection panels 3, as well as the spacer and protection panels 3a, may be made from agglomerated fibreboard such as, for example, OSB-type panels or the like, having a thickness of a few millimeters or even centimeters. In the example made, the protective panels 3 have a thickness of about 9mm. They preferably extend over the entire surface of the outer faces FE and inner FI of the central core 1 in order to maintain and protect its faces possible shocks during storage, transport and handling of the building module 10 Moreover, they make it possible to produce the assemblies and offer a fastening and / or screwing surface for any fastener.

The building module 10 of the invention is completed by at least two frames 4 superimposed on said protective panels 3 which delimit a free internal volume 5 for the passage of the technical elements of the construction, without piercing the central core 1, nor 2, and allow the assembly of the modules 10 together juxtaposed by any fastener 42 and 42a (see Fig.7 and 8). The frames 4 can be made from wooden profiles or the like assembled in their angles by tenon / mortise, brackets, gluing, screwing or a combination of these techniques. They may have a dimension such that they are flush with the perimeter of the module 10 or a lower dimension in the direction of the height so that at least one of the lower or upper sides of the frames 4 is recessed relative to the lower or upper edge This recessed area may be used to provide at least one interlocking assembly area with respect to a floor or ceiling rail, slab or the like. This recessed area can be filled by an additional beam 4a for example made of Querto® type wood or similar, which allows to create in said module a high and low belt for the recovery of loads and the maintenance of the building module.

The frames 4 are fixed to each other by fasteners 40, such as threaded rods, studs, tie rods or the like, passing right through the building module 10, namely the holding panels and protection 3 and the central core 1 (see Fig. 5). Depending on the dimensions of the building modules 10, 20 and 30, the frames 4 may be completed by vertical and / or horizontal crosspieces 41 (see Figs 3 and 4).

These frames 4 make it possible to receive an interior facing 6 and / or an external finish facing 7 fixed by any appropriate means on the frames 4 and / or in the holding and protection panels 3. The internal volume 5 defined by these frames 4 can be filled by any insulating material and in particular by a thickness of cardboard with a composition identical or different from the central core 1. An example is illustrated in Figure 5 which shows the module 10 in axial section, wherein the inner facing 6 , placed on the side of the face intended to become the inner face FI, comprises a type BA13 plasterboard used as interior finish, and the outer face 7, placed on the side of the face intended to become the outer face FE, comprises a compressed wood fiber panel or the like 70, on which is deposited a net 71 and a plaster 72. The wood fiber panel 70 can be fixed by any fastener 73 such as than screws, threaded rods or the like. Of course, the inner facing 6 and / or the outer facing 7 may vary depending on the specifications of the building to be made (example of a wooden cladding, etc.).

Figures 2 to 4 show three building modules 10, 20, 30 of different sections: the first module 10 of Figure 2 and the second module 20 of Figure 3 have a rectangular section of different length, and the third module 30 of Figure 4 has a square section at right angles. With these modules 10, 20, 30, it is possible to carry out any type of construction. However, these examples are not limiting, other sections can be imagined as needed.

The lateral edges of the building modules 10, 20 and 30 comprise complementary interlocking shapes so as to allow juxtaposed assembly of several modules. In FIGS. 1 to 4, the building modules 10, 20 and 30 are assembled by juxtaposition without covering straight edges provided with a notch 11 in the shape of a U. This notch 11 can receive a locking key of said assembly in the form for example a post 11a, for example wood (see Fig. 7), which allows a load recovery. Other forms of assembly are also possible with reference to FIGS. 9A-E; by straight edges (Fig. 9A) or bevelled edges (Fig. 9B) for non-overlapping assembly, symmetrical L-shaped edges (Fig. 9C), asymmetrical L-shaped edges (Fig. 9D), or with tongue and groove edges (Fig. 9E) for overlapping joints avoiding thermal bridging. The modules are fixed to one another by fasteners 42 and 42a, such as screws, bolts, threaded rods or the like, passing through the frames 4 located respectively side by side and on both sides. modules (see Fig. 7).

These building modules 10, 20 and 30 are therefore reversible up / down, right / left, which limits the number of references and facilitates the management of production, storage, transport and installation.

Possibilities of industrial application:

The building modules 10, 20 and 30 as described are reproducible industrially and can be used to produce slabs, external walls, interior partitions, roofs, on, between or under rafters, new construction or renovation. An example of construction is shown in Figure 6 which shows a portion of an outer wall 8 having an opening 80 such as a door which fits into the mortise It between two building modules 10 and 30 to avoid thermal bridges . The outer wall 8 is obtained by assembling a plurality of straight construction modules 10 and / or 20 and angled modules 30. The junction areas may be covered with a gasket or the like. The free volume 5 delimited by the frames 4 allows the simple and fast implementation of all the technical part of the building, namely the technical elements 9 for the electric cables, the water pipes, the gas supply, the flows , ventilation, etc. (see Figs 7 and 8). The inner cladding 6 and / or the outer cladding 7 are preferably placed once the walls are finished and the technical elements placed to ensure continuity in the finish. The assembly of the building modules to a screed 81, a slab, a floor 82 (see Fig. 8) or a roof is done by any appropriate means. If the building modules 10, 20 and 30 have a frame 4 set back from their lower and / or upper edges, they can be nested between beams, beams or the like.

It is clear from this description that the invention achieves the goals set, namely a building module made from a corrugated material ecological and recyclable, easy to produce, ensuring excellent thermal insulation as well as phonic, resistant and light, easy to work and to pose without specific equipment and protection, allowing any format and any type of construction. The building thus obtained has a very high thermal inertia 10 generating a very low energy consumption in the same way as the so-called passive houses.

The present invention is not limited to the described embodiment but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art while remaining within the scope of the protection defined in the appended claims.

Claims (18)

Revendications1. Cardboard-based building module (10, 20, 30), in particular for building construction, characterized in that it comprises a central core (1) defining at least the height, the width and the section of said module, this central core consisting of a plurality of layers of corrugated cardboard and / or cellular, sealing means (2) arranged to protect said central core from moisture, at least two holding and protection panels (3) arranged on either side of said central core so as to cover at least two of its outer and inner faces respectively, and at least two frames (4) superimposed on said inner and outer protection and holding panels and delimiting a free internal volume (5) for the passage of technical elements (9), said frames being fixed to each other by fasteners (40) passing right through said holding and protection panels and said central core tral. 2. Construction module according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves of said corrugated cardboard layers are oriented in the direction of the height and / or the width of said module, or in a cross configuration. 3. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said layers of cardboard are assembled by a bonding process. 4. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sealing means comprise at least one tight film (2) made from an extruded or stretched polymer disposed around said central core ( 1). 12 5. Construction module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said sealing means consist at least in a coating or impregnation of a hydrophobic product. 6. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two other spacer and protection panels (3a) disposed on either side of said central core (1) so as to cover respectively its high (FH) and low (FB) faces. 7. Building module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises spacers (3b) disposed through at least said central core (1). 8. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said frames (4) are flush with the perimeter of said module (10, 20, 30). 9. Building module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the lower or upper sides of said frames (4) is set back relative to the corresponding lower or upper edge of said module. 10. Building module according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises at least one additional beam (4a) disposed between said frame (4) and the lower or upper edge of said module. 11. Building module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central core (1) or the cardboard constituting said central core is treated with an additive selected from the group comprising a fungicide, an insecticide, a product. water repellent, an anti-fire product. 30 12. Building module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner faces (FI) and / or outer (FE) of said module (10, 20, 30) are covered respectively with an inner facing (6). ) and / or an outer cladding (7). 13. Building module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a section selected from the group consisting of a square, a rectangle, a square at right angles. 10 14. Construction module according to claim 13, characterized in that the lateral edges of said module are straight to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules (10, 20, 30) without overlap. 15. Construction module according to claim 13, characterized in that the lateral edges of said module comprise complementary interlocking shapes (11) so as to allow a juxtaposed assembly of several modules (10, 20, 30) with overlap. 16. Building module according to claim 14, characterized in that the lateral edges of said module comprise at least one notch (11) U-shaped arranged to receive a post (11a) of complementary shape to lock said assembly. 17. Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged to be reversible up / down, right / left. 18. Building, characterized in that at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of the external walls, the internal partitions, the floors, the roofs, is made by juxtaposed assembly of several building modules (10, 20, 30). ) according to any one of the preceding claims.5